DK200900327A - Method and apparatus for liquefying a gaseous hydrocarbon stream - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for liquefying a gaseous hydrocarbon stream Download PDF

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DK200900327A
DK200900327A DK200900327A DKPA200900327A DK200900327A DK 200900327 A DK200900327 A DK 200900327A DK 200900327 A DK200900327 A DK 200900327A DK PA200900327 A DKPA200900327 A DK PA200900327A DK 200900327 A DK200900327 A DK 200900327A
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stream
liquid
pressure
condensed
nitrogen
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DK200900327A
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Chantant Francois
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Shell Int Research
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0223—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with the subsequent re-vaporisation of the originally liquefied gas at a second location to produce the external cryogenic component
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0233—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0238—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more
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    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
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    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
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    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop

Claims (17)

1. Fremgangsmåde til at fortætte en gasformig carbonhydridstrøm, hvor fremgangsmåden mindst omfatter følgende trin: (a) at tilvejebringe en tilførselsstrøm der omfatter den gasformige carbonhydridstrøm ved en forhøjet temperatur; (b) at opdele tilførselsstrømmen ifølge trin (a) i mindst en første strøm og en anden strøm; (c) at ekspandere den første strøm eller komprimere den anden strøm eller begge dele; (d) at fortætte den første strøm nedstrøms for trin (c) ved anvendelse af varmeveksling mod en flydende nitrogenstrøm, hvilket giver en første fortættet carbonhydridstrøm og en i det mindste delvist fordampet nitrogenstrøm; og (e) at afkøle og fortætte den anden strøm nedstrøms for trin (c) ved varmeveksling mod den i det mindste delvist fordampede nitrogenstrøm ifølge trin (d) uden at fremkalde en væsentlig ændring i den fordampede nitrogenstrøms tryk ud over et operationelt de minemus-tryktab forårsaget af den foreliggende varmeveksling ifølge trin (e) og at lede den fordampede nitrogenstrøm fra varmevekslingen ifølge trin (d) til den foreliggende varmeveksling iføige trin (e).
2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, hvor trin (e) efterfølges af trin (f): at ekspandere den anden fortættede (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm, hvilket giver en ekspanderet anden fortættet (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm.
3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 2, hvor trin (f) efterfølges af trin (g): at kombinere den første fortættede (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm med den ekspanderede anden fortættede (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm, hvilket giver en kombineret carbonhydridstrøm.
4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1 til 3, hvor den første strøm i trin (c) ekspanderes før trin (d), hvorved trykket fortrinsvis sænkes til et tryk på mellem 1 og 15 bar.
5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1 til 4, hvor den anden strøm i trin (c) komprimeres før trin (e), fortrinsvis til mindst 120% af det forhøjede tryk i trin (a).
6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 5, hvor den anden strøm komprimeres til et tryk på mellem 80 og 140 bar.
7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav, hvor den flydende nitrogenstrøm ifølge trin (d) har et tryk på under 10 bara, fortrinsvis et tryk på under 2 bara.
8. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav, hvor den flydende nitrogenstrøm tilvejebringes fra en eller flere opbevaringstanke.
9. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 8, hvor den flydende nitrogenstrøm tilvejebringes fra en eller flere opbevaringstanke på et søgående fartøj, og volumenet af den flydende nitrogenstrøm til trin (d) svarer til det samlede volumen af de fortættede (flydende) fraktioner af den første fortættede (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm og den anden fortættede (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm.
10. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 9 eller krav 10, hvor den ene eller flere opbevaringstanke kan opbevare og transportere den første fortættede (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm og den anden afkølede carbonhydridstrøm.
11. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav, hvor den første strøm omfatter 30 masseprocent til 70 masseprocent, fortrinsvis 45 masseprocent til 55 masseprocent af tilførselsstrømmen.
12. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ét eller flere af de foregående krav, hvor tilførselsstrømmen i trin (a) er tilvejebragt fra et naturgasvæskeekstraktionssystem, og hvor den i det mindste delvist fordampede nitrogenstrøm ifølge trin (d) opdeles i to eller flere fraktioner, hvorved der skabes mindst en første separat nitrogenstrøm og en anden separat nitrogenstrøm, hvilken anden separat nitrogenstrøm anvendes til at afkøle naturgasvæskeekstraktionssystemet.
13. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ét eller flere af de foregående krav, hvor den anden strøm i trin (e) afkøles og fortættes uden at fremkalde en væsentlig trykreduktion i den anden strøm under afkølingen og fortætningen ud over et operationelt de minemus-tryktab forårsaget af varmevekslingen, hvorved den anden fortættede (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm tilvejebringes ved i det væsentlige samme tryk som trykket i den anden strøm efter trin (c).
14. Apparat til at fortætte en carbonhydridstrøm, hvor apparatet mindst omfatter: en strømsplitter til opdeling af carbonhydridstrømmen i mindst en første strøm og en anden strøm; et trykmodifikationstrin der omfatter en første ekspander til at modtage og ekspandere den første strøm eller en kompressor til at modtage og komprimere den anden strøm eller begge dele; et første afkølingssystem nedstrøms for trykmodifikationstrinnet ved hjælp af hvilket den første strøm og en flydende nitrogenstrøm kan varmeveksle, hvilket giver en første fortættet (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm og en i det mindste delvist fordampet nitrogenstrøm; et andet afkølingssystem nedstrøms for trykmodifikationstrinnet ved hjælp af hvilket den anden strøm og den i det mindste delvist fordampede nitrogenstrøm kan varmeveksle mod den i det mindste delvist fordampede nitrogenstrøm, hvilket giver en anden fortættet (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm og en opvarmet nitrogenstrøm ved i det væsentlige det samme tryk som den i det mindste delvist fordampede nitrogenstrøm; og en forbindelsesledning der er fri for trykmodifikationsorganer, og som danner en fluid forbindelse mellem det første kølesystem og det andet kølesystem, hvilket gør det muligt for en i det mindste delvist fordampet nitrogenstrøm at strømme fra det første kølesystem til det andet kølesystem uden at fremkaldet en væsentlig ændring i trykket ud over et operationelt de minemus-tryktab der forårsages ved at lede den fordampede nitrogenstrøm fra det første kølesystem til det andet kølesystem.
15. Apparat ifølge krav 14, hvilket apparat yderligere omfatter: en anden ekspander der ekspanderer den anden fortættede (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm.
16. Apparat ifølge krav 15, hvilket apparat yderligere omfatter: en kombineringsindretning der kombinerer den første fortættede (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm og den anden carbonhydridstrøm nedstrøms for den anden ekspander.
17. Apparat ifølge ét eller flere af kravene 14 til 16, hvor det andet afkølingssystem er fri for trykmodifikationsorganer, således at den anden fortættede (flydende) carbonhydridstrøm nedstrøms for det andet afkølingssystem har i det væsentlige det samme tryk som trykket i den anden strøm opstrøms for det andet afkølingssystem bortset fra et operationelt de minemus-tryktab forårsaget af det andet afkølingssystem.
DKPA200900327A 2007-07-12 2009-03-10 Fremgangsmåde og apparat til fortætning af en gasformig carbonhydridstrøm DK178654B1 (da)

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