JP6588633B2 - 液化天然ガスを使用する液化窒素ガスの生産のためのシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
液化天然ガスを使用する液化窒素ガスの生産のためのシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims description 307
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 173
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 150
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 43
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 42
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
- F25J1/0223—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with the subsequent re-vaporisation of the originally liquefied gas at a second location to produce the external cryogenic component
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
- F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being (a mixture of) hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
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- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Description
本出願は、本明細書に引用によってその全体が組み込まれている「液化天然ガスを使用する液化窒素ガスの生産のためのシステム及び方法」という名称の2015年7月10日出願の米国特許出願第62/191,130号の優先権利益を主張するものである。
Claims (29)
- ガス処理施設で液化第1ガスストリームを生産する方法であって、
(a)第1ガスストリームを与える段階と、
(b)液化第2ガスストリームを与える段階であって、該第2ガスが、前記第1ガスとは異なっており、該液化第2ガスストリームが、前記ガス処理施設とは異なる場所で第2ガスストリームの該液化から生産される前記与える段階と、
(c)前記液化第2ガスストリームを少なくとも第1の液化第2ガスストリームと第2の液化第2ガスストリームに分ける段階と、
(d)前記第1の液化第2ガスストリームの圧力を該第1の液化第2ガスストリームの該圧力が前記第2の液化第2ガスストリームのもの未満であるように低減する段階と、
(e)前記第1の液化第2ガスストリーム及び前記第2の液化第2ガスストリームを受ける単一マルチストリーム熱交換器において、前記第1の液化第2ガスストリーム及び前記第2の液化第2ガスストリームとの前記第1ガスストリームの間接熱交換により、該第1ガスストリームを液化して液化第1ガスストリームを形成する段階と、を含み、
前記単一マルチストリーム熱交換器において、前記第1の液化第2ガスストリーム及び前記第2の液化第2ガスストリームは、前記単一マルチストリーム熱交換器の冷たい側で前記第1ガスストリームと熱交換し、
前記方法は、さらに、
(f)前記第1の液化第2ガスストリームの少なくとも一部分を蒸発させて第1の第2ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
(g)前記第2の液化第2ガスストリームの少なくとも一部分を蒸発させて第2の第2ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
(h)前記第1の第2ガスストリーム及び前記第2の第2ガスストリームのうちの少なくとも一方を圧縮して圧縮第2ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 液体天然ガス(LNG)再ガス化施設で液化窒素ガス(LIN)ストリームを生産する方法であって、
(a)窒素ガスストリームを与える段階と、
(b)各LNGストリームの圧力が互いに独立かつ異なる少なくとも2つのLNGストリームを与える段階と、
(c)前記窒素ガスストリームを少なくとも1つの熱交換器内の前記LNGストリームとの該窒素ガスストリームの間接熱交換によって液化する段階と、を含み、
前記少なくとも1つの熱交換器は、前記少なくとも2つのLNGストリームを受ける前記単一マルチストリーム熱交換器であり、前記単一マルチストリーム熱交換器において、前記少なくとも2つのLNGストリームは、前記単一マルチストリーム熱交換器の冷たい側で前記窒素ガスストリームと熱交換し、
前記方法は、
(d)前記2つのLNGストリームの少なくとも一部分を蒸発させて少なくとも2つの天然ガスストリームを生産する段階と、
(e)前記2つの天然ガスストリームのうちの少なくとも一方を圧縮して圧縮天然ガスを形成する段階と、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記窒素ガスストリームは、70%よりも多い窒素を含むことを特徴とする請求項2又は請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記窒素ガスストリームは、50psiaよりも高い圧力で与えられることを特徴とする請求項2又は請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記熱交換器に与えられる前に前記窒素ガスストリームを200psiaよりも高い圧力まで圧縮する段階を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項2から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記窒素ガスストリームは、1000psiよりも高い圧力まで圧縮されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記LNGストリームは、LINを唯一の冷媒として使用するLNG生産施設で生産されることを特徴とする請求項2から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮天然ガスストリームのうちの少なくとも1つが、天然ガス販売パイプラインに向けられることを特徴とする請求項2から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記LNGストリームのうちの少なくとも1つが、50から200psiの間である圧力で与えられることを特徴とする請求項2から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも2つのLNGストリームのうちの少なくとも1つが、圧力が低減されて減圧LNGストリームを形成することを特徴とする請求項2から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記LNGストリームの前記圧力の低減は、1又は2以上の弁、1又は2以上の油圧タービン、又はその組合せを使用して行われることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記減圧LNGストリームのうちの少なくとも1つが、10から30psiの間の圧力を有することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記減圧LNGストリームのうちの少なくとも1つが、30から60psiの間の圧力を有することを特徴とする請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも2つのLNGストリームのうちの少なくとも1つが、1又は2以上のポンプを使用して加圧されて追加加圧LNGストリームを形成することを特徴とする請求項2から請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記追加加圧LNGストリームのうちの少なくとも1つが、800psiに等しいか又はそれよりも高い圧力を有することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記追加加圧LNGストリームのうちの少なくとも1つが、1200psiに等しいか又はそれよりも高い圧力を有することを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記熱交換器は、ろう付けアルミニウムタイプ熱交換器、螺旋巻きタイプ熱交換器、印刷回路タイプ熱交換器、又はその組合せであることを特徴とする請求項2から請求項16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも2つの天然ガスストリームのうちの少なくとも1つの温度が、−50℃よりも低いことを特徴とする請求項2から請求項17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも2つの天然ガスストリームのうちの少なくとも1つの温度が、−100℃よりも低いことを特徴とする請求項2から請求項17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 液体天然ガス(LNG)再ガス化施設で液化窒素ガス(LIN)ストリームを生産する方法であって、
(a)窒素ガスストリームを与える段階と、
(b)液化天然ガス(LNG)ストリームを与える段階と、
(c)前記LNGストリームを少なくとも第1、第2、第3、及び第4のLNGストリームに分ける段階と、
(d)前記第1、第2、及び第3のLNGストリームの圧力を該第1のLNGストリームの該圧力が10psiaから35psiaであり、該第2のLNGストリームの該圧力が30から60psiaであり、かつ該第3のLNGストリームの該圧力が50から100psiaであるように低減する段階と、
(e)前記第1、第2、第3、及び第4のLNGストリームを受ける単一マルチストリーム熱交換器において、前記第1、第2、第3、及び第4のLNGストリームとの前記窒素ガスストリームの間接熱交換により、該窒素ガスストリームを液化して液化窒素ストリームを形成する段階と、を含み、
前記単一マルチストリーム熱交換器において、前記第1、第2、第3、及び第4のLNGストリームは、前記単一マルチストリーム熱交換器の冷たい側で前記窒素ガスストリームと熱交換し、
(f)前記第1、第2、第3、及び第4のLNGストリームの少なくとも一部分を蒸発させて第1、第2、第3、及び第4の天然ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
(g)前記第1、第2、第3、又は第4の天然ガスストリームのうちの少なくとも1つを圧縮して圧縮天然ガスストリームを形成する段階と、
を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 段階(b)で与えられる前記LNGストリームは、14psiaから25psiaの圧力で与えられることを特徴とする請求項20に記載の方法。
- 段階(c)の前に段階(b)の前記LNGストリームを50psiaから200psiaの圧力まで加圧する段階を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項20又は請求項21に記載の方法。
- 段階(c)の前記第4のLNGストリームの圧力を800psiaよりも高い圧力まで増大する段階を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項20から請求項22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 段階(e)で前記熱交換器に導入される前記窒素ガスストリームの圧力が、1000psiaよりも高い圧力にあることを特徴とする請求項20から請求項23のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱交換器の出口での前記第1、第2、及び第3の天然ガスストリームの温度が、−120℃から−75℃であることを特徴とする請求項20から請求項24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱交換器の出口での前記第4の天然ガスストリームの温度が、−80℃から−100℃であることを特徴とする請求項20から請求項25のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1のLNGストリームは、合計LNG流れの5%未満を含むことを特徴とする請求項20から請求項26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第2のLNGストリームは、合計LNG流れの7%未満を含むことを特徴とする請求項20から請求項27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記第3のLNGストリームは、合計LNG流れの10%未満を含むことを特徴とする請求項20から請求項28のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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