JP5226457B2 - 空気流圧縮方法及び空気流圧縮装置 - Google Patents
空気流圧縮方法及び空気流圧縮装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 51
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 113
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 119
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 57
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
- F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
- F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04157—Afterstage cooling and so-called "pre-cooling" of the feed air upstream the air purification unit and main heat exchange line
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
- F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
- F25J3/0426—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation
- F25J3/04266—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation and being liquefied hydrocarbons
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
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- F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
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Description
天然ガスを含む冷媒流との間接熱交換により中間冷却媒体(ICM)流を冷却すること、
複数の圧縮段を用いて空気流を圧縮すること、及び
この空気流を、ICM流との間接熱交換により複数の圧縮段のうちの少なくとも2つの間で周囲温度以下の温度まで冷却すること、
を含む、空気流を圧縮するための方法を提供する。
天然ガスを含む冷媒流との間接熱交換により中間冷却媒体(ICM)流を冷却すること、
複数の圧縮段でもって空気流を圧縮すること、
この空気流を、ICM流との間接熱交換により複数の圧縮段のうちの少なくとも2つの間で周囲温度以下の温度まで冷却すること、
この冷却した圧縮空気流を空気分離ユニット(ASU)を用いて少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流と、酸素生成物流とに分離すること、
上記冷媒流との熱交換により液化装置でもって上記少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流を冷却し、そして必要な場合は、液化装置からASUまで窒素生成物の少なくとも一部分を戻すこと、及び
上記少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流との熱交換後に上記冷媒流の少なくとも一部分を抜き出し、そして冷媒流の該少なくとも一部分をICM流を冷却する工程のために使用すること、
を含む。
第1段、少なくとも1つの中間段、及び最終段を含む複数段でもって空気流を圧縮する圧縮機、
空気流を中間冷却媒体(ICM)流との熱交換で冷却する複数の熱交換器であって、該複数の熱交換器のうちの少なくとも1つは第1段と少なくとも1つの中間段の間で空気流を冷却し、該複数の熱交換器のうちの少なくとも1つは少なくとも1つの中間段と最終段の間で空気流を冷却する、複数の熱交換器、
空気流を少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流と少なくとも1つの酸素生成物流とに分離する空気分離ユニット(ASU)、及び
該少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流を天然ガス流との熱交換により液化する液化装置、
を含み、上記ICM流を上記天然ガス流の少なくとも一部分との熱交換により冷却する装置を提供する。
前記空気流を複数の圧縮段を用いて圧縮すること、及び
前記空気流を前記ICM流との間接熱交換により前記複数の圧縮段のうちの少なくとも2つの間で周囲温度以下の温度まで冷却すること、
を含む空気流圧縮方法。
前記少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流との熱交換後に前記冷媒流の少なくとも一部分で前記ICM流を冷却すること、
を更に含む、上記10又は11に記載の方法。
天然ガスを含む冷媒流との間接熱交換により中間冷却媒体(ICM)流を冷却すること、
前記空気流を複数の圧縮段で圧縮すること、
前記空気流を前記ICM流との間接熱交換により前記複数の圧縮段のうちの少なくとも2つの間で周囲温度以下の温度まで冷却すること、
前記冷却及び圧縮の工程後に、前記ASUで前記空気流を少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流と、酸素生成物流とに分離すること、
前記冷媒流との熱交換により液化装置において前記少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流を冷却すること、及び
前記少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流との熱交換後に前記冷媒流の少なくとも一部分を抜き出し、前記冷媒流の当該少なくとも一部分を前記ICM流を冷却する工程のために使用すること、
を含む、上記12又は13に記載の方法。
前記第1段と前記少なくとも1つの中間段との間において前記空気流を中間冷却媒体(ICM)流で冷却する第1の熱交換器、
前記少なくとも1つの中間段と前記最終段との間において前記空気流を前記中間冷却媒体(ICM)流で冷却する第2の熱交換器、
前記空気流を少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流と少なくとも1つの酸素生成物流とに分離する空気分離ユニット(ASU)、及び
天然ガス流との熱交換により前記少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流を液化する液化装置、
を含み、前記ICM流を前記天然ガス流の少なくとも一部分との熱交換により冷却する装置。
Claims (10)
- 低温空気分離ユニットから取り出された少なくとも1つの気体の窒素生成物流を液化装置ユニットへ供給し、この液化装置ユニットにおいて前記窒素生成物流を液化天然ガスとの熱交換により冷やして液化することを含む、低温空気分離ユニットへの空気流を圧縮するための方法であり、
前記空気流を複数の圧縮段を用いて圧縮すること、及び
前記空気流を中間冷却媒体(ICM)流との間接熱交換により前記複数の圧縮段のうちの少なくとも2つの間で周囲温度以下の温度まで冷却し、前記ICM流を天然ガスを含む冷媒流との間接熱交換により冷却すること、
を含む空気流圧縮方法であって、前記ICMを冷却するのに用いられる前記冷媒流として使用するために、液化天然ガス流が供給される低温端部に隣接する低温区画、低温端部と反対側の高温端部に隣接する高温区画、及び低温区画と高温区画の間に位置する中間区画を含む前記液化装置ユニットの当該中間区画から前記天然ガスの供給流のうちの一部分を−20℃〜−120℃の温度で抜き出すことを特徴とする空気流圧縮方法。 - 前記複数の圧縮段が第1段、2以上の中間段及び最終段を含み、前記空気流を冷却することが、前記空気流を前記1以上の中間段のおのおのの間で前記ICM流との間接熱交換により周囲温度以下の温度まで冷却することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記空気流を、前記ICM流との間接熱交換により前記第1段に先立ち周囲温度以下の温度まで冷却する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記空気流を、前記ICM流との間接熱交換により前記圧縮の最終段の後に周囲温度以下の温度まで冷却する、請求項2又は3に記載の方法。
- 前記ICM流がエチレングリコールと水の混合物を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 天然ガスを含む冷媒流との間接熱交換により中間冷却媒体(ICM)流を冷却すること、
空気流を複数の圧縮段で圧縮すること、
前記空気流を前記ICM流との間接熱交換により前記複数の圧縮段のうちの少なくとも2つの間で周囲温度以下の温度まで冷却すること、
前記冷却及び圧縮の工程後に、前記低温空気分離ユニットで、前記冷却した圧縮空気流を少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流と、酸素生成物流とに分離すること、
前記冷媒流との熱交換により液化装置において前記少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流を冷却すること、及び
前記少なくとも1つの窒素生成物流との熱交換後に、前記冷媒流の少なくとも一部分を前記液化装置の中間区画から−20℃〜−120℃の温度で抜き出し、当該一部分を前記ICM流を冷却する工程のために使用すること、
を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一つに記載の原料空気流圧縮方法。 - 第1段、少なくとも1つの中間段及び最終段を含む複数段で空気流を圧縮する圧縮機、
前記第1段と前記少なくとも1つの中間段との間において前記空気流を中間冷却媒体(ICM)流で冷却する第1の熱交換器、
前記少なくとも1つの中間段と前記最終段との間において前記空気流を前記中間冷却媒体(ICM)流で冷却する第2の熱交換器、
前記空気流を少なくとも1つの気体の窒素生成物流と少なくとも1つの酸素生成物流とに分離する低温空気分離ユニット(ASU)、及び
前記少なくとも1つの気体の窒素生成物流を液化天然ガスとの熱交換により液化する液化装置ユニット、
を含む装置であって、
当該装置における前記液化装置ユニットは、液化天然ガス流が供給される低温端部に隣接する低温区画、低温端部と反対側の高温端部に隣接する高温区画、及び低温区画と高温区画の間に位置する中間区画を含むこと、
当該装置は前記中間冷却媒体(ICM)流を前記液化装置ユニットの前記中間区画から抜き出した前記天然ガス流の一部分との熱交換により冷却する第3の熱交換器を含み、そして前記第3の熱交換器で冷却された前記ICM流が前記第1及び第2の熱交換器のための冷却媒体流を提供することを特徴とする装置。 - 2つ以上の中間段が存在し、当該中間段のおのおのの間で前記中間冷却媒体(ICM)流により前記空気流を冷却するそれぞれの熱交換器を含む、請求項7に記載の装置。
- 前記第1段の前で前記空気流を前記中間冷却媒体(ICM)流で冷却する熱交換器を更に含む、請求項7又は8に記載の装置。
- 前記最終段の後で前記空気流を前記中間冷却媒体(ICM)流で冷却する熱交換器を更に含む、請求項7〜9のいずれか一つに記載の装置。
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