DK170524B1 - Fremgangsmåde til forbindelse af hinanden overlappende rande af en flerlagsfolie, og tuberør fremstillet ved anvendelse af fremgangsmåden - Google Patents

Fremgangsmåde til forbindelse af hinanden overlappende rande af en flerlagsfolie, og tuberør fremstillet ved anvendelse af fremgangsmåden Download PDF

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Publication number
DK170524B1
DK170524B1 DK323288A DK323288A DK170524B1 DK 170524 B1 DK170524 B1 DK 170524B1 DK 323288 A DK323288 A DK 323288A DK 323288 A DK323288 A DK 323288A DK 170524 B1 DK170524 B1 DK 170524B1
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layer
edge
edges
layers
tube
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DK323288A
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DK323288A (da
DK323288D0 (da
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Henry Ueberegger
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Maegerle Karl Lizenz
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/14Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections the joint having the same thickness as the thickness of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3656Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a layer of a multilayer part to be joined, e.g. for joining plastic-metal laminates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/368Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328Paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83421Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types band or belt types
    • B29C66/83423Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types band or belt types cooperating bands or belts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0081Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation before shaping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/36Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7332General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being coloured
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/733General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence
    • B29C66/7336General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light
    • B29C66/73365General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, e.g. fluorescence, phosphorescence at least one of the parts to be joined being opaque, transparent or translucent to visible light at least one of the parts to be joined being transparent or translucent to visible light
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2705/02Aluminium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/20Flexible squeeze tubes, e.g. for cosmetics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/22Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1007Running or continuous length work
    • Y10T156/1008Longitudinal bending
    • Y10T156/1013Longitudinal bending and edge-joining of one piece blank to form tube
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1036Bending of one piece blank and joining edges to form article
    • Y10T156/1038Hollow cylinder article
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1052Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
    • Y10T156/1062Prior to assembly
    • Y10T156/1066Cutting to shape joining edge surfaces only
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/19Sheets or webs edge spliced or joined
    • Y10T428/192Sheets or webs coplanar
    • Y10T428/195Beveled, stepped, or skived in thickness

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Tubes (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Undergarments, Swaddling Clothes, Handkerchiefs Or Underwear Materials (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Description

i DK 170524 B1
Opfindelsen angår en fremgangsmåde som angivet i indledningen til patentkrav 1, samt et tuberør.
Lagene af en flerlagsfolie har forskellige opgaver, når folien eksempelvis tjener som emballagemateriale. Det 5 materialelag, som vender mod det gods, der skal emballeres, må være kemisk neutral i forhold til dette gods. Mindst ét mellemlag tjener til tilvejebringelse af den ønskede styrke og af den ønskede elasticitet, især hvis folien skal bruges til en emballagebeholder. På det yderste lag bør der kunne 10 anbringes påtryk, og endvidere skal overfladen være attraktiv i optisk og i fysisk henseende. Ved et dif funderende gods kan det være nødvendigt at udforme et af mellemlagene som en diffusionshæmmende barriere. Består eksempelvis et af mellemlagene af metal, kræves der normalt et vedhængningslag 15 på begge metallets sider for at sikre en sikker forbindelse med de øvrige lag. Mindst ét af de yderste lag består af et svejseligt formstof, så at den emballage, som skal tilvejebringes, kan lukkes ved svejsning.
Et tuberør, som er bestemt til emballeringstuber, 20 har normalt en længdesøm, ved hvilken de hinanden overlappende rande af flerlagsfolien er svejset til hinanden.
Normalt er da indersiden af den ene rand sammensvejset med ydersiden af den anden rand. En sådan søm udgør ganske vist en tæt lukning, men den har den ulempe, at det mod 25 godset vendende indre lag på grund af foliens opbygning i flere lag er afbrudt langs sømmen. Herved opstår den risiko, at det emballerede gods i området for sømmen ikke alene kommer i berøring med det kemiske neutrale lag, men også med alle de øvrige lag.
30 Fra GB patentskrift A 1.013.658 er det kendt at til dække en flerlagsfolies lag, som ikke skal komme i berøring med det gods, der skal emballeres. Tildækningen sker ved hjælp af en strimmelformet forlængelse, der overrager en indre folierands lag, som skal beskyttes, og som er dannet 35 af det samme materiale som det mod beholderens indre vendende, i forhold til godset neutrale lagmateriale. Ved dan- 2 DK 170524 B1 nelsen af beholdersvejsesømmen forbindes forlængelsen med det neutrale lagmateriale under dannelse af en yderligere svejsesøm, der overdækker de lag, som skal beskyttes.
En f lerlagsf olie, der er udformet med en strimmelfor-5 met forlængelse frembringes ved, at et bredere formstoflag, der er neutralt i forhold til det gods, der skal emballeres, påkacheres de øvrige laminatlag. Også lige brede lag kan forbindes, idet i dette tilfælde et randområde skal bevares uforbundet, så at den del af laminatet med lag, der skal 10 beskyttes, kan fjernes i det ikke-forbundne randområde.
Denne del af fremgangsmåden til fremstilling af et tuberør betragtes som uhensigtsmæssigt, fordi der enten må træffes omstændelige foranstaltninger til laminering af ulige brede lag eller til laminering af lige brede lag under bevaring 15 af et forbindelsesfrit randområde. løvrigt forbliver ved den kendte overlapning et luftrum, der er begrænset af tuberør inder s iden, de lag, der skal beskyttes, og denfastsvejsede forlængelse, og som ved påsat tubehoved og lukning af tubens bageste ende tilbageholder alsidigt omsluttet en tilsvarende 20 luftmængde. Ved en sammentrykning af tuben udgør de af luftens kompression fremkaldte trykkræfter svejsesømmenes stabilitet med det resultat, at en sprængning af forlængelsens svejsesøm ikke kan udelukkes, med det resultat, at en sprængning af forlængelsens svejsesøm ikke kan udelukkes, med det 25 resultat, at det emballerede gods uønsket kan komme i berøring med yderligere lagmaterialer af flerlagsfolien.
På denne baggrund er det formålet med opfindelsen at tilvejebringe en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et tuberør, ved hjælp af hvilken den kendte metodes ulemper vil 30 kunne undgås, og som resulterer i, at det med sikkerhed kan undgås, at det gods, der skal emballeres, kan komme i berøring med bestemte lag af en flerlags-laminatfolie.
Dette formål er ifølge opfindelsen opnået ved det i patentkrav l's kendetegnende del angivne.
35 Som følge af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen overrager det mod godset vendende indre lag som følge af en » 3 DK 170524 B1 skrå eller aftrappet afskæring af den inderstliggende rand snitfladerne af de øvrige lag af denne rand, så at det inderste lag ved svejsningsprocessen kan forbindes med det inderste lag af den yderstiiggende rand. Svejseprocessen 5 foregår imellem to værktøjer, der forbinder de overlappende rande med hinanden, og lader det udragende lag og det inderste lag af den yderste rand flyde sammen til dannelse af et fladt, sømløst, svejsesømmen overdækkende lag.
Derved tilvejebringes der en forbindelse af flerlags-10 folien såvel ved de hinanden overlappende overflader af de to rande som ved det gennemgående indre lag. En sådan forbindelse er ikke alene tæt, men også særlig stabil i mekanisk henseende. Ved den fulstændige overdækning af sømmen ved hjælp af det indre lag sikres endvidere, at i det tilfælde, 15 hvor der kræves en høj renhedsgrad af godset, forhindres, at godset indgår en uønsket eller endda en utilladelig forbindelse med noget af mellemlagene, hvorfor forbindelser, der er fremstillet efter fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, også er egnet til emballering af gods, for hvilket det hidtil 20 har været nødvendigt at gennemføre en specifik indvendig beklædning af en beholder, eller at anvende dobbelemballage.
Krav 2 omhandler foretrukne dimensioneringsforskrifter for beskæring af randen.
Ved en yderligere udførelsesform ifølge krav 3 frem-25 bringes svejsevarmen i det i folien indkorporerede metalliske lag, så at det er muligt at gennemføre en målrettet styrbar hurtig opvarmning af de lag, der skal svejseforbindes med hinanden. Herved kan man ligeledes undgå en uønsket opvarmning af andre områder, hvorfor den efterfølgende afkølings-30 proces kan afkortes, hvilket betyder en forøgelse af fremstillingshastigheden.
Denne udførelsesform er videreudviklet ved det i patentkrav 4 angivne, idet foretrukne lag opvarmes ved induktiv opvarmning.
35 Ved den i patentkrav 5 omhandlede udførelsesform til vejebringes svejseforbindelsen i en længdenot af et af værk- 4 DK 170524 B1 tøjerne, som eksempelvis kan være et omløbende stålbånd.
Ifølge patentkrav 6 kan dette som værktøj tjenende stålbånd være forvarmet for at fremskynde svejseprocessen og især for at sikre, at de inderst beliggende lag af de to rande 5 flyder sammen.
Opfindelsen omhandler ifølge krav 7 et tuberør til en emballagetube, hvis søm er fremstillet i overensstemmelse med den ovennævnte fremgangsmåde. Ved hjælp af denne fremgangsmåde vil der kunne fremstilles emballagetuber af for-10 skellige laminater, også for gods, som over for metaller, eksempelvis aluminium forholder sig aggressivt. Fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen medfører ved fremstillingen af et tuberør til en emballagetube næsten ikke forøgede omkostninger i forhold til traditionelle fabrikationsmetoder.
15 En udførelsesform for tuberøret ifølge patentkrav 8 omhandler en angivelse om et foretrukket materiale.
En udførelsesform for fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen skal i det følgende forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken 20 fig. 1 viser et tværsnit igennem en søm, som skal fremstilles ved hinanden overlappende rande af en flerlagsfolie, før fremstillingen af svejseforbindelsen, fig. 2 flerlagsfoliens opbygning, fig. 3 et tværsnit igennem en søm, som skal tilveje-25 bringes mellem to bånd, der tjener som værktøjer, og fig. 4 et tværsnit igennem den færdige søm.
Fig. 1 viser to hinanden overlappende rande af en flerlagsfolie, eksempelvis til fremstilling af en søm for et tuberør til en emballagetube. Begge folierande har en 30 inderside 10 og en yderside 12. Indersiden 10 vender mod det gods, der skal emballeres. I det viste arrangement ligger indersiden 10 af den ene rand 14 på ydersiden 12 af den anden rand 16. Kanten 18 af den yderstiiggende rand 14 er skåret lige. Kanten 20 af den inderstiiggende rand 16 er & 35 skråtskåret på en sådan måde, at laget 6, der ligger fjernt fra fladerne 10 og 12, som skal presses sammen, overrager 5 DK 170524 B1 de øvrige lag af denne rand. Skærekanten 20 forløber fortrinsvis under en vinkel på 40°. Fig. 1 viser arrangementet i en målestok 50:1.
Fig. 2 viser den yderste rand 14 i en målestok 100:1 5 for at lette en beskrivelse af de enkelte materialelag. Det yderste lag består af et termoplastisk formstof, eksempelvis polyethylen, polypropylen eller deres copolymere. Det andet lag 2 består af papir, som skal give folien den fornødne stivhed. Det tredie lag 3 er et formstof-vedhængningslag, 10 som skal sikre en forbindelse til det fjerde lag 4, der består af aluminium. Aluminiumlaget 4 tjener hovedsagelig til opnåelse af den ønskede elasticitet, og i givet fald også som en diffusionsbarriere. På aluminiumlaget 4's anden side findes der igen et formstof-vedhængningslag 5 til til-15 vejebringe af en sikker forbindelse mellem aluminiumlaget 4 og det indre lag 6. Inderlaget 6 består igen af et termoplastisk formstof, der er svejseligt lige som det første lag 1.
I sin beskaffenhed kan det inderste lag 6 imidlertid være forskelligt fra det yderste lag 1. Eksempelvis kan det in-20 derste lag være transparent, medens det yderste lag 1, kan være bestemt til at bære et påtryk, og derfor fortrinsvis er farvet.
Fig. 3 viser de hinanden overlappende lag ifølge fig. 1 anbragt imellem to som værktøjer tjenende bånd 22 og 25 26. Det inderste bånd 22 er et stålbånd med en længdenot 24, ind i hvilken de hinanden overlappende rande 14 og 16 presses under svejsningen ved hjælp af det modsat beliggende bånd 26. Båndene 22 og 26 roteres af ikke viste drivmidler, således at forbindelsen imellem de to folierande 14 og 16 30 tilvejebringes endeløs og kontinuerlig.
Svejsevarmen fremkaldes induktivt i de to hinanden overlappende aluminiumlag 4, se fig. 2. Til hjælp for opvarmningen er ydermere det inderste bånd 22 opvarmet. De umiddelbart opvarmede aluminiumlag 4 af begge rande afgiver 35 varme til de tilstødende formstoflag, og navnlig til de to vedhængningslag 3 og 5 og desuden også til det termoplastiske Λ 6 , DK 170524 B1 formstoflag 6, der danner forbindelsens inderste lag, og som skal sammensvejses med det inderste lag af den modsat beliggende rand. Til det yderste formstoflag 1 overføres forholdsvis lidt varme fra det opvarmede aluminiumlag 4, 5 fordi det mellemliggende papirlag virker isolerende. Ved den mere intensive opvarmning af de inderst beliggende formstoflag 6 af begge rande 14 og 16 opnås der en tæt svejseforbindelse, ved hvilken formstoflaget 6 af den inderste rand 16 på grund af den skråt forløbende skærekant 20 bringes 10 til at flyde over. Endvidere medfører den af skråede skærekant 20 et større tilbud af formstoflag 6-materiale. På grund af tilpresningstrykket mellem de to bånd 22 og 26 ind i noten 24 tilvejebringes en praktisk taget sømløs overgang imellem de to rande 14 og 16's formstoflag 6.
15 Fig. 4 viser den færdige forbindelse i tværsnit.
Heraf fremgår, at det termoplastiske formstoflag 1 af den inderste rand 16 i området for skrå skærekant 20, og i forbindelse dermed også de to vedhængningslag 3 og 5, se fig.
2, er blevet presset frem som en fligformet del 28. Denne 20 fligformede del 28 rager ganske vist ind i det andet formstoflag 6, men den udgør ikke nogen afbrydelse af det samlede formstoflag 6 som er fremkommet ved sammenflydning af materiale fra begge randene 14 og 16.
Materialet fra to rande 14 og 16's yderste formstoflag 25 1 er ligeledes løbet sammen til et gennemgående materialelag, især også under indflydelse af det tryk, som af det yderst beliggende bånd 26, der fortrinsvis ligeledes er et stålbånd, udøves på den yderste rand 14's materialelag 1. Ved skærekanten 18 af den yderste rand 14 blev en fligformet del 30 af 30 vedhængningslagene 3 og 5 (fig. 2) presses ud, hvilken flig er trængt ind i laget 1 uden at afbryde denne.
35

Claims (8)

1. Fremgangsmåde til forbindelse af hinanden overlappende rande (14,16) med kanterne (18,20) af en flerlagsfolie, der har en inderside og en yderside, og som i det mindste 5 på indersiden (10) udviser et lag (6) af et svejseligt formstof, som overrager indersidens (10) kant (20), idet indersiden (10) af den ene rand (14) presses på ydersiden (12) af den anden rand (16) og det indersidens (10) kant (20) overragende lag (6) presses mod den anden rands (16) inder-10 side (10) og det randene (14,16) og indersidens (10) kant (20) overragende lag (6) sammensvejses med indersiden (10) under anvendelse af varme og tryk til dannelse af en svejsesøm, kendetegnet ved, at kanten (20) af den anden rand (16) før den nævnte presning mod hinanden udformes 15 således afskrået eller aftrappet i længderetningen, at det lag (6), der ligger fjernt fra de flader (10,12), som skal presses på hinanden, overrager det andet, eller de andre lag (1-5) af folien, at randene (14,16) anbringes imellem to værktøjer (22,26), af hvilke mindst det ene (22,26) har 20 en randene (14,16) optagende længdenot (24), hvori den anden rands (16) lag (6) og den ene rands (14) lag (6) ved sammenflydning formes til et sømløst fladt lag, som overdækker svejsesømmen.
2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendete g-25 net ved, at kanten (20) af den anden rand (16) beskæres i en vinkel på tilnærmelsesvis 40° i forhold til tværretningen.
3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at der under anvendelse af en folie med 30 et metallisk lag (4) og mindst ét vedhængningslag (5) imellem det metalliske lag (4) og det ydre lag (1) og det indre lag (6) tilvejebringes en varmepåvirkning af det ydre lag (1) og det indre lag (6) ved hjælp af en induktiv opvarmning af det metalliske lag (4).
4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 3, kendeteg net ved, at der ved hjælp af et isolerende lag (2) mellem DK 170524 B1 Μ 8 » det metalliske lag (4) og det ydre lag (1) styres en opvarmning af den ene rands (14) indre lag (6) og den anden rands (16) ydre lag (6) under gennemførelsen af svejsningen.
5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge ethvert af kravene 1-4, 5 kendetegnet ved, at randene (14,16) , til kontinuerlig indbyrdes forbindelse af de hinanden overlappende rande, modtages indepresset imellem to omløbende drevne bånd (22,26) med i ét bånd anbragt længdenot (24).
6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 5, kendete g- 10 net ved, at båndet (22), som har længdenoten (24), opvarmes forlods.
7. Tuberør til en emballeringstube, der er dannet af en flerlaget folie med svejselige lag (1,6), og har en svejsesøm af hinanden overlappende rande (14,16) af folien med 15 kanter (18,20), idet den i tuberørets indre beliggende kant (20) er overdækket af et lag (6), kendetegnet ved, at det kanten (20) overdækkende lag (6) er dannet ved sammenflydning som et sømløst fladt, svejsesømmen overdækkende lag.
8. Tuberør ifølge krav 7, kendetegnet ved, at det lag, som overdækker svejsesømmen, består af polyethylen, polypropylen, og af disses copolymerer. 25 30 4 35 &
DK323288A 1986-10-15 1988-06-14 Fremgangsmåde til forbindelse af hinanden overlappende rande af en flerlagsfolie, og tuberør fremstillet ved anvendelse af fremgangsmåden DK170524B1 (da)

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CH4118/86A CH670988A5 (da) 1986-10-15 1986-10-15
CH411886 1986-10-15
PCT/CH1987/000137 WO1988002691A2 (fr) 1986-10-15 1987-10-07 Procede pour assembler des bords a recouvrement d'une feuille multicouche, et tube fabrique selon ce procede
CH8700137 1987-10-07

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DK323288D0 DK323288D0 (da) 1988-06-14
DK323288A DK323288A (da) 1988-08-12
DK170524B1 true DK170524B1 (da) 1995-10-16

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK323288A (da) 1988-08-12
IN170328B (da) 1992-03-14
DE3778633D1 (de) 1992-06-04
DD266320A5 (de) 1989-03-29
ATE75444T1 (de) 1992-05-15
EP0264012A2 (de) 1988-04-20
AU8028487A (en) 1988-05-06
EP0264012A3 (en) 1988-09-14
CN87106865A (zh) 1988-05-04
IE872739L (en) 1988-04-15
NZ222154A (en) 1989-07-27
KR890700077A (ko) 1989-03-02
WO1988002691A2 (fr) 1988-04-21
AU588713B2 (en) 1989-09-21
NO882590L (no) 1988-06-13
NO300959B1 (no) 1997-08-25
WO1988002691A3 (fr) 1988-07-28
EP0264012B1 (de) 1992-04-29
NO882590D0 (no) 1988-06-13
DK323288D0 (da) 1988-06-14
FI874529A (fi) 1988-04-16
US4834822A (en) 1989-05-30
KR940009908B1 (ko) 1994-10-18
JPH0574454B2 (da) 1993-10-18
JPS6398421A (ja) 1988-04-28
MX172174B (es) 1993-12-07
CH670988A5 (da) 1989-07-31
CA1312541C (en) 1993-01-12
ZA877670B (en) 1988-04-19
FI874529A0 (fi) 1987-10-14
ES2032795T3 (es) 1993-03-01

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
B1 Patent granted (law 1993)
PBP Patent lapsed
AHB Application shelved due to non-payment