DK150702B - COURSE CURRENT EXTRACTOR - Google Patents
COURSE CURRENT EXTRACTOR Download PDFInfo
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- DK150702B DK150702B DK297381A DK297381A DK150702B DK 150702 B DK150702 B DK 150702B DK 297381 A DK297381 A DK 297381A DK 297381 A DK297381 A DK 297381A DK 150702 B DK150702 B DK 150702B
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- Prior art keywords
- housing
- liquid
- auger
- extracted
- countercurrent
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- 0 C*CC(C(C)(C(C(*)C(C)*C)(N)O)*=C)O Chemical compound C*CC(C(C)(C(C(*)C(C)*C)(N)O)*=C)O 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G33/00—Screw or rotary spiral conveyors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N1/00—Machines or apparatus for extracting juice
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0215—Solid material in other stationary receptacles
- B01D11/0223—Moving bed of solid material
- B01D11/0226—Moving bed of solid material with the general transport direction of the solids parallel to the rotation axis of the conveyor, e.g. worm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/114—Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections
- B01F27/1143—Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections screw-shaped, e.g. worms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13B—PRODUCTION OF SUCROSE; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- C13B10/00—Production of sugar juices
- C13B10/08—Extraction of sugar from sugar beet with water
- C13B10/10—Continuous processes
- C13B10/107—Continuous processes with transportation in the form of thin layers, e.g. by endless chains
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Screw Conveyors (AREA)
Description
150702 i150702 i
Den foreliggende opfindelse vedrører en modstrømsekstraktor med et langstrakt hus, der har form som et trug eller et rør og har et indløb ved eller tæt ved den første ende og et udløb ved eller tæt ved den anden ende, og hvis længdeakse strækker sig skråt opefter 5 fra den første ende til den anden ende, en transportsnegl, der har i det mindste én i alt væsentligt skrueformet skovl, og som er placeret inden i huset og kan bringes i rotation omkring sin længdeakse til bevægelse af materiale, der er blevet indført i huset og skal ekstra-heres, fra den første ende til den anden ende, organer til indføring 10 af en ekstraherende væske i den anden ende af huset på en sådan måde, at væsken strømmer gennem husets første ende, drivorganer til at bringe transportsneglen i rotation og til intermitterende at reversere transportsneglens rotation s retning, idet materialet, som skal ekstra-heres, gives en resulterende bevægelse fremad fra den første ende til 15 den anden ende, samt organer til udtagning af ekstraherende væske fra huset ved eller tæt ved husets første ende.The present invention relates to a countercurrent extractor having an elongate housing which is shaped like a trough or a tube and has an inlet at or near the first end and an outlet at or near the second end, and whose longitudinal axis extends obliquely upwards. from the first end to the second end, a conveying auger having at least one substantially helical blade, which is located inside the housing and can be rotated about its longitudinal axis to move material introduced into the housing and means are to be extracted, from the first end to the second end, means for introducing an extracting liquid into the second end of the housing in such a way that the liquid flows through the first end of the housing, drive means for bringing the transport auger into rotation and to intermittently reverse the direction of rotation of the conveying auger, the material to be extracted being given a resultant movement forward from the first end to the second end, as well as means for extracting extracting liquid from the housing at or near the first end of the housing.
Modstrømsekstraktorer er velkendte inden for levnedsmiddelindustrien til kontinuerlig ekstraktion af væsker, opløselige stoffer samt finpar-tikelmateriale fra tilhørende faste stoffer. Sådanne diffusionsapprater 20 omfatter almindeligvis et par parallelle modsat roterende transport snegle, der er monteret inden i et skråtstillet eller lodret, langstrakt hus, der har form af et trug eller af helt indkapslet rør. Det materiale, der skal bearbejdes, såsom ituhakkede sukkerroer, indføres i husets nederste ende og føres opefter ved sneglens rotation, medens 25 en ekstraherende væske (sædvanligvis vand) indføres i toppen af huset og strømmer nedefter under påvirkning af tyngdekraften. Modstrømsekstraktorer med en enkelt transportsnegl er også kendte, men anses for at være relativt ineffektive som følge af, at det faste materiale har en tilbøjelighed til at hobe sig op på den ene side af 30 huset, medens væsken har en tilbøjelighed til at strømme relativt uhindret ned på den anden side. Til forbedring af effektiviteten af modstrømsekstraktorer med en enkelt transportsnegl er det blevet foreslået at reversere rotationsretningen for transportsneglen intermitterende, se fx tysk patentskrift nr. 177.953. Et tilsvarende problem 35 kan erkendes ved dobbelte transportsnegle, men i mindre grad, eftersom den modsatte rotation medfører en mere ensartet fordeling af faste stoffer over transportsneglenes bredde.Countercurrent extractors are well known in the food industry for the continuous extraction of liquids, soluble substances and fines from associated solids. Such diffusion apparatuses 20 generally comprise a pair of parallel oppositely rotating transport augers mounted within an inclined or vertical elongate housing in the form of a trough or of fully encapsulated tube. The material to be processed, such as chopped sugar beets, is introduced into the lower end of the housing and passed upwards by rotation of the auger, while an extracting liquid (usually water) is introduced into the top of the housing and flows downwards under the influence of gravity. Countercurrent extractors with a single conveying auger are also known, but are considered to be relatively inefficient due to the fact that the solid material tends to accumulate on one side of the housing, while the liquid tends to flow relatively unhindered. down on the other side. To improve the efficiency of countercurrent extractors with a single conveying auger, it has been proposed to reverse the direction of rotation of the conveying auger intermittently, see for example German Patent Specification No. 177,953. A similar problem 35 can be recognized by double transport augers, but to a lesser extent, since the opposite rotation results in a more uniform distribution of solids over the width of the transport augers.
150702 2150702 2
Det materiale, som skal ekstraheres, er, som det allerede er nævnt, i første række organisk materiale, dvs. materiale med en cellestruktur.The material to be extracted is, as already mentioned, primarily organic material, i.e. material with a cell structure.
De levende cellers membraner i cellestrukturen er, som det er velkendt, semipermeable. Til opnåelse af en effektiv overførsel af materi -5 ale fra cellernes indre skal de semipermeable membraner imidlertid omdannes til permeable membraner. Denne omdannelse benævnes sædvanligvis plasmolyse. Omdannelsen af cellerne eller plasmolysen fremmes imidlertid ved, at cellerne opvarmes forsigtigt.The membranes of the living cells in the cell structure are, as is well known, semipermeable. However, in order to achieve an efficient transfer of material from the interior of the cells, the semipermeable membranes must be converted into permeable membranes. This transformation is commonly referred to as plasmolysis. However, the transformation of the cells or the plasmolysis is promoted by gently heating the cells.
Et formål med den foreliggende opfindelse er at tilvejebringe en 10 modstrømsekstraktor af den indledningsvis nævnte art, i hvilken der ved forsigtig opvarmning af det materiale, som skal ekstraheres, efter dets indføring i modstrømsekstraktoren opnås forøget plasmolyse og som følge deraf en forøget effektivitet, da den forøgede plasmolyse muliggør en hurtigere og mere effektiv ekstraktionsproces.An object of the present invention is to provide a countercurrent extractor of the kind mentioned in the introduction, in which, by gently heating the material to be extracted, after its introduction into the countercurrent extractor, increased plasma analysis is obtained and consequently an increased efficiency, as it increased plasmolysis enables a faster and more efficient extraction process.
15 Dette formål opnås med en modstrømsekstraktor ifølge opfindelsen, der er ejendommelig ved, at den har organer til opvarmning af i det mindste en del af den fra husets første ende udtagne ekstraherende væske til en forudbestemt temperatur og til tilbageføring af væsken til huset på et sted mellem husets ender, så at den tilbageførte, opvar-20 mede væske bringes i kontakt med det materiale, som skal ekstraheres.This object is achieved with a countercurrent extractor according to the invention, which is characterized in that it has means for heating at least a part of the extracting liquid taken out from the first end of the housing to a predetermined temperature and for returning the liquid to the housing in one place. between the ends of the housing so that the returned heated liquid is brought into contact with the material to be extracted.
Eftersom formålet er at opnå hurtig opvarmning af materialet på et tidligt trin under bearbejdningen, skal den opvarmede og recirkulere-de væske indføres i husets nederste halvdel, fortrinsvis på et sted 25 fra ca. 1/20 til ca. 1/4 af husets længde fra dettes første ende.Since the purpose is to achieve rapid heating of the material at an early stage during processing, the heated and recycled liquid must be introduced into the lower half of the housing, preferably at a location 25 from approx. 1/20 to approx. 1/4 of the length of the house from its first end.
Medens den foreliggende opfindelse i det følgende beskrives under henvisning til modstrømsekstraktorer, i hvilke der benyttes en enkelt transportsnegl, vil man forstå, at den foreliggende opfindelse kan benyttes i forbindelse med modstrømsekstraktorer, der har flere 30 transportsnegle.While the present invention is described in the following with reference to countercurrent extractors in which a single transport auger is used, it will be understood that the present invention can be used in connection with countercurrent extractors having several transport augers.
I en specielt foretrukken udførelsesform for opfindelsen har den side af transportsneglens fremføringsskovl, der ikke er virksom ved be- 3 150702 vægeisen af materialet mod den anden ende af huset, flere ribber, der er placeret i alt væsentligt radialt og med indbyrdes afstand på steder langs transportsneglens længdeakse. Disse ribber tjener til at indgribe med den i alt væsentligt kompakte masse af fast grundma-5 teriale i ekstraktoren og til at hjælpe til ved opbrydning af denne for at tillade fri indtrængning af ekstraktionsvæsken i den faste materialemasse. Sådanne ribber kan eventuelt være tilvejebragt på den flade af fremføringsskovlen, der tjener til at bevæge det faste materiale fra den første og til den anden ende af huset.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the side of the conveying auger feed vane which is ineffective in moving the material towards the other end of the housing has several ribs located substantially radially and spaced apart at locations along longitudinal axis of the auger. These ribs serve to engage with the substantially compact mass of solid base material in the extractor and to assist in breaking it up to allow free penetration of the extraction liquid into the solid mass of material. Such ribs may optionally be provided on the surface of the feed vane which serves to move the solid material from the first and to the second end of the housing.
10 Det foretrækkes, at modstrømsekstraktoren har filtreringsorganer til filtrering af den ekstraherede væske, før denne fjernes fra husets første ende. Filtreringsorganerne har fortrinsvis en plade, der strækker sig på tværs af huset ved eller tæt ved den første ende af dette, og igennem hvilken en drivaksel til transportsneglen strækker sig.It is preferred that the countercurrent extractor has filtration means for filtering the extracted liquid before it is removed from the first end of the housing. The filtering means preferably has a plate extending across the housing at or close to the first end thereof and through which a drive shaft for the conveying auger extends.
15 Pladen har i det mindste en åbning, i gennem hvilket den ekstrahe-rende væske kan passere, samt en filterskive, der er anbragt tæt ved pladen på den side af denne, der vender væk fra husets anden ende, og indrettet til at rotere med transportsneglens drivaksel forbi den eller de nævnte åbninger i pladen, så at filtreringsdelen er selvren- 20 sende.The plate has at least one opening through which the extracting liquid can pass, as well as a filter disc placed close to the plate on the side thereof facing away from the other end of the housing and arranged to rotate with the drive shaft of the transport auger past the said opening (s) in the plate, so that the filtration part is self-cleaning.
Der tilvejebringes fortrinsvis organer til recirkulation af ekstra-herende væske fra husets første ende, til opvarmning af denne væske til en vis ønsket temperatur og til tilbageføring af væsken til huset på et sted mellem den første ende og den anden ende af huset.Preferably, means are provided for recirculating extracting liquid from the first end of the housing, for heating this liquid to a certain desired temperature and for returning the liquid to the housing at a location between the first end and the second end of the housing.
25 I en viderevikling har ekstraktoren desuden organer til sikring af et forudbestemt niveau af ekstraherende væske i husets nedre regioner, eftersom det har vist sig, at faststof/væskekontakten forøges, dersom den ekstraherende væske får lov til at samle sig i et kontrolleret omfang i nærheden af faststoftilførselsstedet. Passende styreorganer 30 kan f.eks. detektere væskeniveauet og kompensere for ændringer ved automatisk justering af den ekstraherende væskes udløbs- og/eller indløbshastigheder.In a further development, the extractor also has means for ensuring a predetermined level of extracting liquid in the lower regions of the housing, since it has been found that the solid / liquid contact is increased if the extracting liquid is allowed to accumulate to a controlled extent in the vicinity. of the solid feed point. Appropriate control means 30 may e.g. detect the liquid level and compensate for changes by automatically adjusting the outlet and / or inlet velocities of the extracting liquid.
Ekstraktorens hus er fortrinsvis forsynet med en kappe, igennem hvilken der kan passere en væske. På denne måde kan husets tempe- 150702 4 ratur og til en vis grad temperaturen af indholdet i huset kontrolleres.The housing of the extractor is preferably provided with a jacket through which a liquid can pass. In this way, the temperature of the house and to some extent the temperature of the contents of the house can be controlled.
Drivorganerne til ekstraktoren kan omfatte en hvilken som helst passende reversibel drivindretning. Det foretrækkes, at drivorga-5 nerne omfatter en elektromotor eller en hydraulisk motor, der er reversibel. I en alternativ udførelsesform kan der mellem motoren og transportsneglen være indføjet en reverserende gearkasse.The drive means for the extractor may comprise any suitable reversible drive device. It is preferred that the drive means comprise an electric motor or a reversible hydraulic motor. In an alternative embodiment, a reversing gearbox may be inserted between the engine and the auger.
På samme måde som med diffusionsapparater, der drives med en kontinuerlig skruebevægelse fremad, vil ydelsen fra diffusionsappara-10 ter, der drives i overensstemmelse med de ovenfor beskrevne principper, blive påvirket af mange faktorer, såsom chargens art, chargens temperatur, væskestrømningshastighed, sneglens hældning, rotationshastighed og stigningsvinkel, og de enkelte operatører vil variere disse for at imødekomme deres specielle krav. Et yderligere træk ved 15 denne opfindelse er ikke desto mindre den erkendelse, at der for maksimal effektivitet findes et optimalt forhold mellem det tidsrum, i hvilket sneglen eller sneglene drives i retningen fremefter, og det tidsrum, i hvilket den eller de drives i retningen bagud. Generelt er det sådan, at nettotiden for drift af sneglen i retningen fremad 20 fortrinsvis ikke bør overstige ca. 75%, mere foretrukket bør den ikke overstige ca. 50%, og mest foretrukket bør den ikke overstige ca.As with diffusion devices operated with a continuous forward screw movement, the performance of diffusion devices operated in accordance with the principles described above will be affected by many factors, such as the nature of the charge, the temperature of the charge, the fluid flow rate, the inclination of the auger. , rotational speed and pitch angle, and the individual operators will vary these to meet their special requirements. A further feature of this invention is nevertheless the recognition that for maximum efficiency there is an optimal ratio between the time in which the auger or augers are driven in the forward direction and the time in which it or they are driven in the rearward direction. . In general, the net time for driving the auger in the forward direction 20 should preferably not exceed approx. 75%, more preferably it should not exceed approx. 50%, and most preferably it should not exceed approx.
25%.25%.
I denne beskrivelse er nettotiden for drift i retningen fremad defineret som:In this description, the net time for forward operation is defined as:
25 TF - TR25 TF - TR
- x 100- x 100
TF + TRTF + TR
hvor TF = den samlede driftstid for sneglen med bevægelse fremad, og hvor TR = den samlede driftstid for sneglen med bevægelse bagud.where TF = the total operating time of the auger with forward movement, and where TR = the total operating time of the auger with rearward movement.
30 Udbyttet af genvundne opløselige faste stoffer vil vise sig at blive forøget, når nettotiden for bevægelse i retning fremad formindskes, 5 150702 men der vil naturligvis være en deraf følgende formindskelse i strømningshastighed, som det vil være nødvendigt at tage med i vurderingen, når de optimale økonomiske driftsforhold skal bestemmes.The yield of recovered soluble solids will be found to increase as the net time for forward movement decreases, 5 150702 but there will of course be a consequent decrease in flow rate which will need to be taken into account when optimal economic operating conditions must be determined.
Den ekstraherende væske vil ofte være vand, men der kan benyttes 5 andre væsker omfattende organiske væsker eller vandige eller organiske opløsninger. Processen kan benyttes til ekstraktion af materialer, der kan opløses eller dispergeres, fra frugt- eller grøntsagsmateriale, såsom sukkerroer, sød diirra, druer, druemask, te, citrusfrugter, citrusskræller, æbler, pærer og fra animalsk materiale såsom fiskeho-10 veder og slagteriaffald. Restmaterialer, såsom æbleskræller og æblekerner, citrusskræller og druemask kan desuden ekstraheres grundigt for udvinding af værdifulde opløselige komponenter, der normalt kastes bort sammen med disse rester. Opløseligt sukker, der udvindes af skræller og kerner af æbler eller pærer, kan benyttes til fremstil-15 lingen af frugtsaft på dåse eller fermenteres til alkphol. Andre rester indeholder materialer, såsom aroma og farvestoffer eller specielt nyttige materialer, såsom pectin, der kan udvindes. Til en tilfredsstillende ekstraktion foretrækkes det, at materialerne er i partikelform, idet partiklerne har en sådan form, at diffusionsvejen for det 20 opløselige materiales bevægelse ud af partiklerne er kort i det mindste i én retning.The extracting liquid will often be water, but 5 other liquids comprising organic liquids or aqueous or organic solutions can be used. The process can be used to extract soluble or dispersed materials from fruit or vegetable material such as sugar beet, sweet diirra, grapes, grape mask, tea, citrus fruits, citrus peels, apples, pears and from animal material such as fish heads and slaughterhouse waste . In addition, residual materials such as apple peels and apple cores, citrus peels and grape must can be extracted thoroughly to extract valuable soluble components that are usually discarded with these residues. Soluble sugar extracted from the peels and seeds of apples or pears can be used in the production of canned fruit juice or fermented into alkphol. Other residues contain materials such as aromas and dyes or especially useful materials such as pectin which can be recovered. For a satisfactory extraction, it is preferred that the materials be in particulate form, the particles having such a shape that the diffusion path of the movement of the soluble material out of the particles is short in at least one direction.
Det ekstraherede grundmateriale afgives fra huset gennem udløbet i husets anden ende. Udløbet er fortrinsvis placeret i en sidevæg i huset over transportsneglens niveau. Der tilvejebringes fortrinsvis en 25 udtømningstransportør til bevægelse af det ekstraherede grundmateriale lateralt og opefter fra bunden af huset og til udløbet. I en specielt foretrukken udførelsesform for opfindelsen passerer udtømningstransportøren i sin nederste ende forbi en skive, der er lejret på en forlængelse af transportsneglens aksel, der strækker sig i længderet-30 ningen, idet der tilvejebringes motororganer til drift af udtømningstransportøren uafhængigt af transportsneglen.The extracted base material is discharged from the housing through the outlet at the other end of the housing. The outlet is preferably located in a side wall of the housing above the level of the auger. Preferably, a discharge conveyor is provided for moving the extracted base material laterally and upwards from the bottom of the housing and to the outlet. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the discharge conveyor passes at its lower end past a disc mounted on an extension of the shaft of the conveyor auger extending in the longitudinal direction, motor means being provided for operating the discharge conveyor independently of the conveyor screw.
Opfindelsen vil i det følgende blive nærmere forklaret under henvisning til tegningen, på hvilken 150702 6 fig. 1 skematisk viser et diagram af en modstrømsekstraktor ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse, fig. 2 en delvis skematisk plan afbildning af en modstrømsekstraktor ifølge opfindelsen, 5 fig. 3 et tværsnit gennem huset efter linjen III - III i fig. 2, fig. 4 et længdesnit gennem den nederste ende af huset og den i fig.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 schematically shows a diagram of a countercurrent extractor according to the present invention, fig. Fig. 2 is a partially schematic plan view of a countercurrent extractor according to the invention; 3 is a cross-section through the housing along the line III - III in fig. 2, fig. 4 is a longitudinal section through the lower end of the housing and that of FIG.
2 viste transportsnegl, fig. 5 en kurve, der viser virkningen af intermitterende reversering af rotation s retningen for transportsneglen i modstrømsekstraktoren 10 ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 6 en kurve til sammenligning af væskeniveauerne i huset i en modstrømsekstraktor, når denne roterer kontinuerligt i én retning, og når den reverseres intermitterende, fig. 7 en kurve, der viser den forbedrede kontakteffektivitet i en 15 modstrømsekstraktor ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 8 en kurve, som viser indflydelsen fra tidsrummet for rotation fremad til rotation bagud af transportsneglen på det udvundne udbytte af opløselige faste stoffer ved brug af en modstrømsekstraktor ifølge opfindelsen, og 20 fig. 9 et tværsnit efter linjen IX - IX i fig. 2.2, FIG. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the effect of intermittent reversal of rotation in the direction of the transport auger in the countercurrent extractor 10 according to the invention; Fig. 6 is a graph for comparing the liquid levels in the housing of a countercurrent extractor when rotating continuously in one direction and when reversing intermittently; Fig. 7 is a graph showing the improved contact efficiency of a countercurrent extractor according to the invention; Fig. 8 is a graph showing the influence from the time of forward rotation to rearward rotation of the transport auger on the recovered yield of soluble solids using a countercurrent extractor according to the invention; and 9 is a cross-section along the line IX - IX in FIG. 2.
Som vist i fig. 1 omfatter en modstrømsekstraktor 10 et langstrakt trugformet hus 11, i hvilket der er anbragt en transportsnegl 12, der er indrettet til at blive bragt i rotation omkring sin længdeakse ved hjælp af drivorganer 13. Huset 11 er forsynet med en indløbstragt 14 25 til indføring af materiale, som skal ekstraheres. Tragten 14 er placeret over den nederste ende af sneglen, der skråner lidt opefter mod en udløbstud 15 til det faste materiale, som er blevet bearbejdet. Der findes en udtømningsledning 16 til udtømning af den ekstraherende væske, som indføres i huset 11 via en indføringsledning 17. En var-30 meveksler 18 er monteret på en omløbs- eller shuntledning 19 for opvarmning af udtømt væske og til tilbageføring af denne via en dyse 21 til den nederste ende af huset 11 for opvarmning af det materiale, der bearbejdes.As shown in FIG. 1, a countercurrent extractor 10 comprises an elongate trough-shaped housing 11, in which a transport auger 12 is arranged, which is arranged to be brought into rotation about its longitudinal axis by means of drive means 13. The housing 11 is provided with an inlet funnel 14 25 for inserting material to be extracted. The hopper 14 is located above the lower end of the auger which slopes slightly upwards towards an outlet spout 15 for the solid material which has been machined. There is a discharge line 16 for discharging the extracting liquid, which is introduced into the housing 11 via an introduction line 17. A heat exchanger 18 is mounted on a bypass or shunt line 19 for heating discharged liquid and for returning it via a nozzle. 21 to the lower end of the housing 11 for heating the material being processed.
Mellem drivorganerne 13 og transportsneglen 12 findes der reverse-35 ringsorganer 22 til intermitterende reversering af transportsneglen 12's rotationsretning.Between the drive means 13 and the transport auger 12 there are reversing means 22 for intermittently reversing the direction of rotation of the transport auger 12.
7 1507027 150702
Fig. 2, 3 og 4 viser en modstrømsekstraktor, der ligner den i fig. 1 viste ekstraktor, og hvor der benyttes de samme henvisningsbetegnelser til identifikation af tilsvarende dele.FIG. 2, 3 and 4 show a countercurrent extractor similar to that of fig. 1, and where the same reference numerals are used to identify corresponding parts.
Ekstraktoren 10 omfatter et truglignende hus 11, i hvilket der er 5 placeret en transportsnegl 12, som er indrettet til at blive bragt i rotation omkring sin længdeakse i huset 11. En motor 13 er indrettet til drift af transportsneglen 12 og indeholder reverseringsorganer 22 til intermitterende reversering af sneglens rotation s retning. Motoren 13 er driftsmæssigt forbundet til transportsneglen 12's spindel 23 via 10 et par kædehjul 24 og 25, der er rettet ind efter hinanden, samt en kæde 26, idet størrelsesforholdet mellem kædehjulene 24 og 25 er valgt således, at spindlen 23 og transportsneglen 12 drejer med en hastighed på ca. 1 omdrejning pr. minut, når motoren roterer med en passende driftshastighed. Spindlen 23 understøttes i lejer 27 og 28, 15 der er monteret i hver sin ende af huset 11.The extractor 10 comprises a trough-like housing 11, in which a transport auger 12 is placed, which is arranged to be brought into rotation about its longitudinal axis in the housing 11. A motor 13 is arranged to operate the transport auger 12 and contains reversing means 22 for intermittent reversing the direction of rotation of the auger. The motor 13 is operatively connected to the spindle 23 of the conveyor screw 12 via 10 a pair of sprockets 24 and 25 aligned one after the other and a chain 26, the size ratio between the sprockets 24 and 25 being chosen so that the spindle 23 and the conveyor screw 12 rotate with a speed of approx. 1 revolution per minute when the engine rotates at an appropriate operating speed. The spindle 23 is supported in bearings 27 and 28, 15 which are mounted at each end of the housing 11.
Transportsneglen 12 har en skrueformet skovl 29, der er anbragt omkring spindlen 23. Skovlen 29 er forsynet med periferisk rettede slidser 30 samt flere radialt rettede ribber 31, der er placeret på den side af skovlen, som ikke er virksom ved bevægelse af det materiale, 20 som skal ekstraheres, fra indløbs- og til udløbsenden i huset 11.The transport auger 12 has a helical vane 29 arranged around the spindle 23. The vane 29 is provided with circumferentially directed slots 30 as well as several radially directed ribs 31 located on the side of the vane which is not effective in moving the material 20 to be extracted, from the inlet and to the outlet end of the housing 11.
Det materiale, som skal ekstraheres, indføres i huset 11 gennem indløbstragten 14. Ekstraheret materiale udtømmes gennem udløbsåbningen 15. Der findes en udtømningstransportør 50, som omfatter et par kontinuerlige kæder 51, der bærer transportørplader 52, til 25 transport af det ekstraherede materiale fra bunden af huset 11, langs en sidevæg 53 på huset og til udløbsåbningen 15. Kæderne 51 understøttes af tre sæt skiver, der er forsynet med tænder. Et skivesæt 54 er lejret på transportsneglen 12's aksel 22 og kan rotere frit i forhold til denne. De andre to skivesæt 55 og 56 er lejret på aksler, der er 30 parallelle med akselen 22. En elektromotor 57, der indeholder hastighedreguleringsorganer, er indrettet til via en rem 58 at drive skiverne 55. På denne måde kan der udtømmes materiale med en konstant hastighed uafhængig af hastigheden eller retningen af akselen 22’s rotation.The material to be extracted is introduced into the housing 11 through the inlet hopper 14. Extracted material is discharged through the outlet opening 15. There is an discharge conveyor 50 which comprises a pair of continuous chains 51 carrying conveyor plates 52 for transporting the extracted material from the bottom. of the housing 11, along a side wall 53 of the housing and to the outlet opening 15. The chains 51 are supported by three sets of discs provided with teeth. A disc set 54 is mounted on the shaft 22 of the conveying auger 12 and can rotate freely relative thereto. The other two disc sets 55 and 56 are mounted on shafts 30 parallel to the shaft 22. An electric motor 57 containing speed control means is arranged to drive the discs 55 via a belt 58. In this way, material with a constant speed independent of the speed or direction of rotation of the shaft 22.
8 1507028 150702
Ved huset 11's nederste ende findes der et filter til filtrering af den ekstraherede væske, før den udtømmes fra huset 11. Filteret omfatter en endéplade 34, der er forsynet med åbninger 35. En bolt 36 og en understøtningsplade 37 er monteret bag endepladen 34 og er forbun-5 det til spindelen 23 og indrettet til rotation med denne. Den filtrerede og ekstraherede væske udtømmes gennem en udtømningsledning 16 til en varmeveksler 18, hvor den først passerer gennem en varmevekslerplade 38, hvor den strømmer i modstrøm med tilførselsvand i en ledning 17, og derefter gennem en varmevekslerplade 39, hvor den 10 strømmer i modstrøm med kølevand i en ledning 41. Det nu afkølede produkt udtømmes derefter fra ekstraktoren via ledningen 16. En del af den ekstraherede væske i ledningen 16 ledes bort til en ledning 19 og gennem en varmevekslerplade 42, hvor den opvarmes ved passage i modstrøm med varmt vand i ledning 43, og tømmes derefter tilbage til 15 huset 11 for at opvarme nyindført materiale, som skal ekstraheres. Ledningen 19 med den opvarmede, tilbageførte væske fører ind i huset 11 mellem 1/10 og 1/4 af stykket langs huset 11.At the lower end of the housing 11 there is a filter for filtering the extracted liquid before it is discharged from the housing 11. The filter comprises an end plate 34 provided with openings 35. A bolt 36 and a support plate 37 are mounted behind the end plate 34 and are connected to the spindle 23 and arranged for rotation therewith. The filtered and extracted liquid is discharged through a discharge line 16 to a heat exchanger 18, where it first passes through a heat exchanger plate 38, where it flows countercurrent to supply water in a line 17, and then through a heat exchanger plate 39, where it flows countercurrently with cooling water in a line 41. The now cooled product is then discharged from the extractor via the line 16. A part of the extracted liquid in the line 16 is led away to a line 19 and through a heat exchanger plate 42, where it is heated by passage in countercurrent with hot water in line 43, and then emptied back to the housing 11 to heat newly introduced material to be extracted. The conduit 19 with the heated, recycled liquid leads into the housing 11 between 1/10 and 1/4 of the piece along the housing 11.
Vandtilførselsledningen 17 passerer efter passage gennem varmevekslerpladen 38 ind i en varmevekslerplade 44, hvor vandet strømmer 20 i modstrøm med varmt vand i en ledning 45. Ledningen 17 udmunder i huset 11 ved dets øverste ende.After passing through the heat exchanger plate 38, the water supply line 17 passes into a heat exchanger plate 44, where the water flows 20 countercurrently with hot water in a line 45. The line 17 empties into the housing 11 at its upper end.
Huset 11 er forsynet med en isolerende varmtvandskappe 46. Der passerer varmt vand ind i kappen gennem en ledning 47 og ud fra kappen gennem en ledning 48.The housing 11 is provided with an insulating hot water jacket 46. Hot water passes into the jacket through a conduit 47 and out of the jacket through a conduit 48.
25 Under brug indføres der materiale, som skal ekstraheres, i huset 11's nederste ende, og transportsneglen 12 bringes til at rotere for at begynde bevægelsen af materialet gennem huset 11. Det opvarmede forsyningsvand indføres i huset 11 via ledningen 17, og dette forsyningsvand passerer sammen med fritløbende væske fra materialet samt 30 ekstraherede produkter og partikelformet materiale gennem filteret og recirkuleres gennem varmevekslerpladen 42 tilbage til huset 11 gennem ledningen 19.In use, material to be extracted is introduced into the lower end of the housing 11, and the transport auger 12 is caused to rotate to begin the movement of the material through the housing 11. The heated supply water is introduced into the housing 11 via the line 17, and this supply water passes together with free-flowing liquid from the material as well as extracted products and particulate material through the filter and recycled through the heat exchanger plate 42 back to the housing 11 through the conduit 19.
9 150702 Når det materiale, som skal ekstraheres, bevæger sig gennem huset 11, sammentrykkes det af skovlen 29 og danner en kompakt masse af delvis ekstraheret materiale. Når transportsneglen 12's rotationsretning reverseres, skærer ribberne 31 i den kompakte masse og får den 5 til at åbne sig for tilgang af frisk forsyningsvand. Når transportsneglen 12 vender tilbage til sin oprindelige rotationsretning, sammentrykkes det materiale, der ekstraheres, igen, og forsyningsvandet presses ud sammen med yderligere ekstraheret materiale. Denne oplukning af den kompakte masse af materiale, der ekstraheres, 10 bidrager væsentligt til ekstraktorens ydelse og resulterer i forbedret udbytte af ekstraheret materiale.As the material to be extracted moves through the housing 11, it is compressed by the shovel 29 to form a compact mass of partially extracted material. When the direction of rotation of the transport auger 12 is reversed, the ribs 31 cut into the compact mass and cause it 5 to open for the supply of fresh supply water. When the conveying auger 12 returns to its original direction of rotation, the material being extracted is compressed again and the supply water is forced out together with further extracted material. This opening of the compact mass of material being extracted contributes significantly to the performance of the extractor and results in improved yield of extracted material.
De resultater, der opnås, og som er vist i fig. 5, blev opnået ved brug af et diffussionsapparat med en enkelt snegl (længde 2 m, diameter 20 cm, skruevinkel 15°, stigning 3,5°). Til at begynde med 15 blev den med ituskårne æbler fyldte snegl drevet' kontinuerligt i retning fremad med en hastighed på 1 omdrejning pr. minut, og efter at der var opnået i ligevægtstilstand (bestemt ved analyse af udtømt væske), blev sneglen drevet i et tidsrum, i løbet af hvilket bevægelse fremad blev standset hvert femtende sekund, og sneglen blev rever-20 seret 1/20 omdrejning. Til slut blev sneglen igen drevet i kontinuerlig bevægelse fremad. Man vil af fig. 5 se, at umiddelbart efter reverseringsvirkningens begyndelse er der en forøgelse i væskeudtømningshastighed, hvilket antyder en oplukning af æblemassen, hvilket giver tømning af væske fra massen i sneglens øverste del. Ved tilbageven-25 ding til kontinuerlig ensartet rotation aftager den afgivne væskemængde i et tidsrum, eftersom ekstraktionsvandet ikke strømmer frit gennem æbiemassen, men holdes tilbage i cellevævet. Den betydelige forøgelse i sukkerkoncentration (°Brix) i den udtømte væske under perioden med modsat rotation skal også bemærkes.The results obtained, shown in FIG. 5, was obtained using a diffusion apparatus with a single auger (length 2 m, diameter 20 cm, screw angle 15 °, pitch 3.5 °). To begin with, the snail filled with shredded apples was driven continuously in the forward direction at a speed of 1 revolution per second. minute, and after reaching equilibrium (determined by analysis of depleted liquid), the auger was driven for a period of time, during which forward movement was stopped every fifteen seconds, and the auger was reversed 1/20 rpm. Eventually, the auger was again driven in continuous forward motion. From FIG. 5 see that immediately after the beginning of the reversing effect there is an increase in liquid discharge rate, which indicates an opening of the apple mass, which gives discharge of liquid from the mass in the upper part of the auger. Upon return to continuous uniform rotation, the amount of liquid released decreases over a period of time, since the extraction water does not flow freely through the bone mass, but is retained in the cell tissue. The significant increase in sugar concentration (° Brix) in the depleted liquid during the period of reverse rotation should also be noted.
30 De i fig. 6 - 8 angivne data blev opnået ved brug af tilsvarende udstyr, men sneglens bevægelse blev i stedet styret automatisk, så at perioderne med modsat roterende drift bestod af bølger af 100 sekunders drift fremad skiftende med 70 sekunders modsat drift. Ituskårne æbler blev indført i ekstraktoren i mængder på 352 g hvert femte 35 minut, og der blev tilført vand (65°C) med en hastighed på 77,3 g 150702 ίο pr. minut til sneglens øverste ende. Massestrømningsaflæsninger og koncentrationer af afgiven væske og fast stof blev bestemt med mellemrum.The devices shown in FIG. The data specified in 6 - 8 were obtained using similar equipment, but the motion of the auger was instead controlled automatically so that the periods of reverse rotating operation consisted of waves of 100 seconds forward operation alternating with 70 seconds of opposite operation. Shredded apples were introduced into the extractor in amounts of 352 g every five 35 minutes, and water (65 ° C) was added at a rate of 77.3 g 150702 ίο per. minute to the top end of the auger. Mass flow readings and concentrations of discharged liquid and solid were determined at intervals.
Der blev foretaget forsøg med en kontinuerlig bevægelse af sneglen 5 fremad og med en overlejret modsat rotation. Ved afslutningen af hver bevægelse, når anlægget var i ligevægt, blev den frie tilbageholdte væskemængde bestemt sammen med de i sneglen tilbageholdte faste stoffer. Overlejringen af den reverserende bevægelse forøgede udbyttet af udvundne opløselige faste stoffer ligesåvef som den koncentra-10 tion, i hvilken de blev udvundet.Experiments were made with a continuous movement of the auger 5 forward and with a superimposed opposite rotation. At the end of each movement, when the plant was in equilibrium, the free amount of liquid retained was determined together with the solids retained in the auger. The superimposition of the reversing motion increased the yield of recovered soluble solids as well as the concentration at which they were recovered.
Fig. 6 viser den lettere strømningsvej for væske gennem æblemassen ved brug af den reverserende bevægelse.FIG. 6 shows the easier flow path for liquid through the apple mass using the reversing motion.
Faststof/væskekontakteffektiviteten viste sig også at blive forbedret, eftersom koncentrationerne af ekstraherede opløselige faste stoffer, 15 målt i °Brix, blev højere, når sneglen blev påtrykt den relaserende bevægelse (fig. 7).The solid / liquid contact efficiency was also found to be improved as the concentrations of extracted soluble solids, measured in ° Brix, became higher when the auger was applied to the releasing motion (Fig. 7).
Virkningen på udbyttet af opløste faste stoffer ved variation af forholdet mellem bevægelse fremad og bagud under skruebevægelsen blev undersøgt ved tilførsel af Shiraz druer, og resultaterne er vist i fig.The effect on the yield of dissolved solids by varying the ratio of forward and backward movement during the screw movement was investigated by adding Shiraz grapes, and the results are shown in Figs.
20 8.20 8.
I det følgende er der for yderligere eksemplificering angivet eksempler på processen ifølge opfindelsen.In the following, for further exemplification, examples of the process according to the invention are given.
EKSEMPEL 1EXAMPLE 1
Druer af sorten Gordo, der notorisk er vanskelige at presse som følge 25 af deres glatte beskaffenhed, blev optaget fra enden af et vingårdsaf-løb og blev tilført med en hastighed på 600 kg pr. time gennem ekstraktoren, der var udstyret med en snegl på 4,5 m med en diameter på 0,5 m.Grapes of the Gordo variety, which are notoriously difficult to squeeze due to their smooth nature, were picked up from the end of a vineyard drain and fed at a rate of 600 kg per hectare. hour through the extractor equipped with a 4.5 m auger with a diameter of 0.5 m.
11 15070211 150702
Udbyttet fra ekstraktoren og fra en konventionel vingårdsskruepresse er angivet i følgende tabel:The yield from the extractor and from a conventional vineyard screw press is given in the following table:
Vingårdsskruepresse Modst rømsekstraktorVineyard screw press Resistance extractor
Faststof- Faststof- 5 Tilførsel afgivelse Tilførsel afgivelseSolids- Solids- 5 Supply delivery Supply delivery
Totale faststof- 28,56 40,05 29,94 29,04 indhold %Total solids- 28.56 40.05 29.94 29.04 content%
Vandindhold % 71,44 59,95 70,06 70,96 10 Opløselige faste stoffer % 15,20 13,90 18,60 10,70Water content% 71.44 59.95 70.06 70.96 10 Soluble solids% 15.20 13.90 18.60 10.70
Uopløselige faste stoffer % 13,36 26,15 11,34 18,34Insoluble solids% 13.36 26.15 11.34 18.34
Forhold mellem 15 opløselige og uopløselige faste stoffer 1,14 0,53 1,64 0,58Ratio of 15 soluble and insoluble solids 1.14 0.53 1.64 0.58
Indvinding i % af opløselige faste 20 stoffer fra pressede druer 53,5 64,6 I et andet forsøg blev 4250 kg Shiraz druer ekstraheret, og udvindingen af opløselige faste stoffer var 82%. Massebalancedataene er 25 angivet i den følgende tabel:Recovery in% of soluble solids from pressed grapes 53.5 64.6 In another experiment, 4250 kg of Shiraz grapes were extracted and the recovery of soluble solids was 82%. The mass balance data are given in the following table:
Faststof-Solid
Komponent Tilførsel afgivelse Saft 30 Opløselige faste stoffer % 25,9 14,2 20,0 Mængde kg 4250 1290 4500Component Supply release Juice 30 Soluble solids% 25.9 14.2 20.0 Quantity kg 4250 1290 4500
Totale opløselige faststofmængde kg 1100 183 900Total soluble solids amount kg 1100 183 900
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPE441080 | 1980-07-07 | ||
| AUPE441080 | 1980-07-07 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK297381A DK297381A (en) | 1982-01-08 |
| DK150702B true DK150702B (en) | 1987-06-01 |
| DK150702C DK150702C (en) | 1987-11-02 |
Family
ID=3768597
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK297381A DK150702C (en) | 1980-07-07 | 1981-07-03 | COURSE CURRENT EXTRACTOR |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57156002A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR830006095A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT387915B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8104283A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH641368A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3126756A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK150702C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES504204A0 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI74623C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2485942B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2079176B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN154629B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1137290B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8103248A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ197557A (en) |
| PH (1) | PH18481A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL232078A1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8104127L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA814435B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2619514B1 (en) * | 1987-08-18 | 1991-10-04 | Defimas | PROCESS FOR RECOVERING USEFUL SUBSTANCES FROM NATURAL PRODUCTS AND THE USE OF AN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT SAID PROCESS |
| US6015227A (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 2000-01-18 | Fogarty; James | Thermoplastic foam extrusion screw with circulation channels |
| DE19849189A1 (en) * | 1998-10-26 | 2000-05-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Process for extracting natural substances by extraction and for producing chitin or chitosan |
| JP6306010B2 (en) | 2012-08-20 | 2018-04-04 | リーヒ オーチャーズ インコーポレイテッドＬｅａｈｙ Ｏｒｃｈａｒｄｓ Ｉｎｃ． | System and process for extracting products from fruits and vegetables |
| IT201800008136A1 (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2020-02-21 | Chiara Cesarini | BIOREACTOR WITH CONTINUOUS CONTROL OF THE OPERATING PARAMETERS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FRUIT JUICES, JAMS AND VEGETABLE EXTRACTS. |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1084828A (en) * | 1965-03-17 | 1967-09-27 | Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka | Method of and apparatus for extracting constituents from solid substances |
| DE1519822A1 (en) * | 1966-12-03 | 1969-03-13 | Karlsruhe Augsburg Iweka | Method and device for extracting solids |
| US3644103A (en) * | 1967-10-06 | 1972-02-22 | Upjohn Co | Countercurrent solid-liquid contacting using flexible bristle scre flight means |
-
1981
- 1981-06-29 NZ NZ197557A patent/NZ197557A/en unknown
- 1981-06-30 ZA ZA814435A patent/ZA814435B/en unknown
- 1981-07-01 FI FI812083A patent/FI74623C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-07-01 GB GB8120281A patent/GB2079176B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-02 SE SE8104127A patent/SE8104127L/en unknown
- 1981-07-02 FR FR8113044A patent/FR2485942B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-07-03 DK DK297381A patent/DK150702C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-07-06 BR BR8104283A patent/BR8104283A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-07-06 CH CH443781A patent/CH641368A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-07-06 PH PH25865A patent/PH18481A/en unknown
- 1981-07-07 ES ES504204A patent/ES504204A0/en active Granted
- 1981-07-07 IT IT22797/81A patent/IT1137290B/en active
- 1981-07-07 PL PL23207881A patent/PL232078A1/xx unknown
- 1981-07-07 IN IN752/CAL/81A patent/IN154629B/en unknown
- 1981-07-07 KR KR1019810002483A patent/KR830006095A/en unknown
- 1981-07-07 JP JP56106172A patent/JPS57156002A/en active Granted
- 1981-07-07 NL NL8103248A patent/NL8103248A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-07-07 AT AT0301481A patent/AT387915B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-07-07 DE DE19813126756 patent/DE3126756A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI74623B (en) | 1987-11-30 |
| FR2485942A1 (en) | 1982-01-08 |
| DK297381A (en) | 1982-01-08 |
| NZ197557A (en) | 1985-09-13 |
| NL8103248A (en) | 1982-02-01 |
| IT1137290B (en) | 1986-09-03 |
| SE8104127L (en) | 1982-01-09 |
| GB2079176B (en) | 1983-11-09 |
| DK150702C (en) | 1987-11-02 |
| FR2485942B1 (en) | 1987-05-15 |
| DE3126756A1 (en) | 1982-05-13 |
| ES8300484A1 (en) | 1982-12-01 |
| ATA301481A (en) | 1988-09-15 |
| ZA814435B (en) | 1982-06-30 |
| IT8122797A0 (en) | 1981-07-07 |
| KR830006095A (en) | 1983-09-17 |
| FI74623C (en) | 1988-03-10 |
| PH18481A (en) | 1985-07-18 |
| BR8104283A (en) | 1982-03-23 |
| IN154629B (en) | 1984-11-24 |
| GB2079176A (en) | 1982-01-20 |
| FI812083L (en) | 1982-01-08 |
| ES504204A0 (en) | 1982-12-01 |
| JPS57156002A (en) | 1982-09-27 |
| PL232078A1 (en) | 1982-03-15 |
| AT387915B (en) | 1989-04-10 |
| CH641368A5 (en) | 1984-02-29 |
| JPS6241041B2 (en) | 1987-09-01 |
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| PUP | Patent expired |