KR850000059Y1 - Connter current diffusion extractor - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Countercurrent Diffusion Extractor

1 is a schematic view of a countercurrent extraction device according to the present invention.

2 is a schematic plan view of the countercurrent extraction device according to the present invention.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the housing taken along line III-III of FIG.

4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the downstream end of the countercurrent extraction device of FIG.

5 is a graph showing the effect of intermittently rotating the rotational direction of the screw conveyor of the countercurrent extraction device according to the present invention.

6 is a graph comparing the height of the liquid in the housing during continuous rotation only in one direction and intermittently reverse rotation.

7 is a graph showing the improved contact efficiency of the countercurrent extraction device according to the present invention.

8 is a graph showing the influence of the time of the reverse rotation on the forward rotation of the screw conveyor on the recovery ratio of the solid dissolved soluble using the countercurrent extractor according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG. 2. FIG.

The present invention is directed to an improved countercurrent extraction device associated with a screw conveyor to countercurrently extract soluble or dispersible material from a substrate.

Countercurrent extractors are well known in the food industry for the continuous extraction of liquids, lysates and fine particles from associated solids. Such diffusers generally comprise a pair of parallel counter rotating screw conveyors installed in tubular or generally tubular inclined or vertical elongated housings encased in a casing. The material to be processed, such as cut beets, is conveyed upwards by rotation of a back screw conveyor fed to the downstream end of the housing, while extracting liquid (generally water) is fed to the upstream end of the housing. Flows down by the back gravity. Single screw countercurrent devices are well known, but are perceived to be relatively ineffective because solid particles are formed on one side of the housing while liquid tends to flow relatively unobstructed toward the other side. A similar problem is seen with double threads, although small, because the countercurrent rotation distributes the solids larger than the width of the screws.

Single screw conveyors have a relatively simple and inexpensive significant advantage compared to double screw countercurrent extractors, and therefore, various attempts have been made to increase the efficiency of such single screw extractors. The inventors have found that the effect of the operation of the countercurrent extraction device can actually be increased by a relatively simple method of intermittently reversing the direction of rotation of the screw conveyor. Reverse rotation of the screw conveyor rotates the relatively dense mass of material to be extracted, allowing the extract liquid to penetrate the mass. Thus, the extract liquid is compressed from agglomerates that have dissolved and dispersed extractable material as the screw conveyor rotates back in the original direction.

The present invention is a tubular or tubular elongated housing having an inlet at one end and an outlet at the other end, and a rotation about a longitudinal axis to move the injected material from the one end of the housing to the other end. A reverse flow diffusion extraction device comprising a screw conveyor disposed in a housing and a drive device for driving the screw conveyor, wherein the screw conveyor moves the motor so that the extracted materials move from the downstream end to the upstream end of the housing. The forward direction of rotation of the screw conveyor is intermittently reversed by a reverse rotation device while rotating forward, and the extraction liquid is discharged through the line from a point adjacent to the downstream end of the housing, and part of the extraction liquid is released. To the line so that hot water By sikimyeo through the heat engine to be heated, it characterized in that the discharge back into the heated housing the extraction liquid is in contact with the extracted material. In addition, the present invention facilitates intermittent reverse rotation of the screw conveyor in the extraction device, thereby easily dissolving or dissolving the soluble or dispersible material from the substrate in the countercurrent extraction device.

The present invention describes a countercurrent extraction device using a single screw conveyor, but may also be used in a countercurrent extraction device having a plurality of screw conveyors. Furthermore, the description of the present invention is limited to screw conveyors used to extract their components from vegetables and the like, but in fact the diffuser can be used for anything that can be described as the reverse of extraction to saturate solid material into liquids. However, such application is considered to be included within the scope of the present invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one side of the blade of the screw conveyor for transporting the material towards the upstream end of the housing has a plurality of ribs arranged generally radially apart at regular intervals along the length of the screw conveyor. Is provided. These ribs engage a dense mass of solid material in the extraction apparatus to break up the mass and freely penetrate the extraction liquid into the mass. Preferably, such ribs may be provided on the surface of the wing that conveys the solid material from the downstream end to the upstream end of the housing.

It is suitable to provide a filter for filtering the liquid before removing the extracted liquid from the upstream end of the housing. Preferably, the filter comprises a plate extending transversely across the housing at one end of the housing and at the same time the high axis of the screw conveyor protrudes. The plate has at least one hole through which the extraction liquid passes, and the filter disc is arranged to rotate in parallel with the plate on the distal side of one end of the housing and to rotate with the drive of the screw conveyor through the hole at the same time. It can be self-cleaned. Further, there is provided an apparatus for recycling the extraction liquid from an upstream end of the housing and then heating the liquid to an appropriate temperature and returning it to the housing at a point between the downstream end and the upstream end of the housing. The proper proportion of extract liquid discharged from the downstream end of the housing is preferably passed through an independent heat exchanger, where the liquid is heated and recycled to the housing at some point downstream of the housing. Since this object can be achieved only by rapid heating of the material at an early stage of the process, the heated and recirculated liquid is about one half the length of the housing from the lower half of the housing, preferably from the downstream end of the housing. Injection should be made at points between / 20 and 1/4.

The extraction device is also provided with a device for ascertaining the height of the predetermined extraction liquid in the downstream region of the housing, if the extraction liquid is allowed to gather to a controlled range near the solid filling point. This is because the contact of the liquid is increased. For example, an appropriate control device should be provided to detect the liquid height and correct the change by automatically adjusting the release or inflow rate of the extraction liquid.

The housing of the extraction device is suitably made of a jacket through which the fluid can pass. In this way the temperature of the housing and the temperature of its contents are controlled to some extent. The drive unit of the extraction unit may perform a reversible drive. The drive device preferably comprises an electric motor or a fluid motor capable of reversible drive. In a variant embodiment, a reversible gearbox can be arranged between the motor and the screw conveyor.

In the same way as in a diffuser driven by a continuous forward screw motion, the performance of the diffuser operated according to the above-mentioned principle depends on many factors: the properties of the filling, the temperature of the filling, the liquid flow rate, the screw inclination, the screw rotation rate and the screw. Can be affected by the helix angle of the driver, and each driver adjusts them to suit their particular needs. Nevertheless, a better feature of the present invention is that, for maximum efficiency, an optimal relationship appears between the time the screw is run forward and the time it runs in the reverse direction. In other words, the actual forward working time of the screw should not exceed about 75%, more preferably about 50% and optimally 25%.

In this specification, the actual forward time is defined as follows.

Where TF is the total time of forward operation of the screw

TR is the total time of reverse work of the screw

The yield of recovered soluble solids was found to increase as the actual forward working time decreased. However, this reduction in working time in the flow rate needs to be taken into account when determining the optimum economic operating conditions.

As the extract liquid, other liquids including organic liquids or aqueous solutions or organic solutions can be used, but water is generally used. This process is based on fruits and vegetables, such as beets, sugar cane, grapes, grapes, black tea, apples, citrus fruits, and pears.

It can also be used to extract soluble or dispersible substances from animal matter such as fish heads or guts. Commonly discarded debris substances such as apple peel, genus, citrus peel and grape debris contain significant amounts of valuable soluble ingredients, all of which can be extracted. Soluble sugars recovered from apples or pear peels and the like can be used in the preparation of canned syrups or fermented with alcohol. Other debris contains unique useful substances such as pectin or substances of the same color that can be regenerated.

The extracted substrate material is discharged from the housing through the outlet at the upstream end of the housing. The outlet is suitably arranged on the side wall of the housing above the discharge conveyor. The release conveyor is suitably provided to move the extracted substrate material upwards and laterally from the bottom of the housing to the outlet. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the discharge conveyor at the downstream end passes about the rope pulley journaled on the extension of the extension shaft of the screw conveyor, and a motor for driving the discharge conveyor independently of the screw conveyor is provided.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, the countercurrent extraction device 10 according to the present invention has an elongated cylindrical housing 11 and rotates about a longitudinal axis by a drive device 13 in the housing 11. A screw conveyor 12 disposed. The housing 11 has an inlet hopper 14 for injecting material to be extracted. The inlet hopper 14 is disposed on the downstream end of the screw conveyor 12 which is slightly inclined upwards towards the outlet 15 of the solid material treated. The discharge line 16 is provided for discharging the extraction liquid filled into the housing 11 through the filling line 17. The extraction liquid discharged through the discharge line 16 is heated while passing through a heat exchanger 18 installed on the bypass line 19 and then installed downstream of the housing 11 to heat the material to be treated. It is supplied to the downstream side of the housing 11 via the nozzle 21.

Between the drive device 13 and the screw conveyor 12, there is provided a reverse rotation device 22 for intermittently reverse rotation of the rotation direction of the screw conveyor 12.

2, 3 and 4 show a backflow extraction apparatus similar to the apparatus of FIG. 1, and in like parts with the same reference numerals.

The countercurrent extraction device 10 includes a cylindrical housing 11 and a screw conveyor 12 disposed rotatably about a longitudinal axis in the housing 11. The screw conveyor 12 is driven by a motor 13, the motor 13 includes a reverse rotation device 22 for intermittently rotating the direction of rotation of the screw conveyor 12. The motor 13 is operatively connected to the spindle 23 of the screw conveyor 12 via a pair of aligned wheels 24 and 25 and chain 26 and the dimension of the wheels 24 and 25 is When the motor 13 is driven at an appropriate working speed, the spindle 23 and the screw conveyor 12 are selected to rotate at about 1 R.PM. The spindle 23 is supported by bearings 27 and 28 provided at both ends of the housing 11.

The screw conveyor 12 comprises a spiral blade 29 arranged about the spindle 23. A plurality of grooves 30 are formed in the blade 29 along the circumferential direction, and a plurality of ribs 31 extending radially are formed on one side of the blade 29.

The material to be extracted is filled into the housing 11 through the inlet hopper 14, and the extracted material is discharged to the discharge conveyor 50, which includes a pair of continuous chains 51 for conveying the conveyor slats 52. By the bottom of the housing 11 located above the side wall 53 to the outlet 15 (see FIG. 9).

The chain 51 is driven by three sets of toothed rope pulleys 54, 55, 56, one set of pulleys 54 on the shaft 22 of the screw conveyor 12. It is journaled and freely rotates relative to the shaft 22, with the other two sets of pulleys 55 and 56 being journaled on an axis disposed parallel to the shaft 22. The pulley 55 is connected by a belt 58 to a motor 57 with a speed control device. Therefore, the pulley 55 is driven by the drive of the motor 57 and the discharge conveyor 50 is driven at the same time. With this configuration, the extracted material is discharged at a constant rate through the outlet 15 regardless of the rotational direction or the rotational ratio of the shaft 22.

A downstream end of the housing 11 is provided with a filter composed of a single plate 34 formed with a plurality of holes 35 for filtering the liquid before releasing the extracted liquid from the housing 11. The extraction liquid filtered through the filter passes through a heat exchanger plate 38 through which the feed water flows back through the water supply line 17 through the discharge line 16, and then another cooling water backflow through the line 41. After being cooled while passing through the heat exchanger board 39, it is discharged from the extraction apparatus. Some of the extracted liquid is converted to line 19 so that hot water is heated while passing through heat exchanger plate 42 which is heated by flowing back through line 43, and then newly injected through inlet hopper 14. It is discharged back into the housing 11 to heat the material. The line 19 for heating and recirculating a portion of the extraction liquid is connected to the passage of the housing 11. and The liquid is discharged into the housing 11 at an upstream point in between.

The water supply in the water supply line 17 is heated while passing through another heat exchanger board 44 heated by the high temperature water flows back through the line 45 after passing through the heat exchange engine 38, the heat of the housing 12 It is discharged into the housing 11 at the upstream end.

The housing 11 is formed with an isolated hot water jacket 46, and the hot water is introduced into the jacket 46 through the inlet line 47 and then discharged through the outlet line 48. Thus, the hot water passes through the jacket 46 and heats the materials inside the housing 11.

In operation of the device, the substances to be extracted are injected into the housing 11 through the inlet hopper 14 at the downstream end of the housing 11 and then along the housing 11 by rotation of the screw conveyor 12. Begin to move forward. The heated feed water is fed upstream of the housing 11 via line 17, which passes through a filter with the juice flowing freely from the material being extracted, after which hot water passes through the line 43. It is recycled into the housing 11 via the line 19 passing through the heat exchanger substrate 42 which is heated by countercurrent.

The extracted material moves forward along the housing 11 by the rotation of the screw conveyor 12, so that the material is partially compressed and extracted by the spiral blades 29 of the screw conveyor 12 to form a dense mass. To form. When the screw conveyor 12 rotates in the reverse direction, the rib 31 provided on one side of the spiral blade 29 bites into a dense mass, crushes the mass, and at the same time, fresh water is injected into the mass. When the screw conveyor 12 is rotated back in the original direction, the extracted material is recompressed and further juice is extracted with the feed water injected into the mass. Here, the work of crushing the dense masses aggregated by the ribs 31 of the spiral blades 29 greatly contributes to the performance of the extraction apparatus, thereby greatly increasing the output of the extracted liquid.

In Fig. 5, the results obtained using a single screw diffuser with a length of 2 m, a diameter of 20 cm, a spiral angle of 15 ° and an inclination of 3.5 ° are shown in graphs. First, the apples were chopped and filled into the housing, and then the screw conveyor was continuously driven at a speed of 1 RPM. When equilibrium is reached (as determined by the analysis of the discharged liquid), the screw conveyor stops moving forward every 15 seconds Reversed. Thereafter, the screw conveyor was again driven forward continuously. As can be seen in FIG. 5, when the reverse rotation was taken, the liquid release rate immediately increased, indicating that the crushing action of the apple mass releases more liquid. It is noteworthy that the sugar content of the releasing liquid increased significantly during the reverse rotation period.

The graph shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 is similar to the device described above, except that the movement of the screw conveyor is automatically controlled so that the reverse rotation cycle causes 100 seconds forward drive and 70 seconds reverse drive alternately. It is obtained using equipment. The sliced apples were fed into the extractor at an amount of 352 g every 5 minutes and water (65 ° C.) was fed upstream of the screw conveyor at a rate of 77.3 g / min. Concentrations and mass flow rates of liquid and solids releases were determined at several points.

The extraction unit is driven by continuous forward screw movement and reverse rotation. At the completion of each run, the breakage of liquid and solids in the screw conveyor was determined when the device was in equilibrium. Then, the output of the liquid from the soluble solid recovered by the reverse rotational motion was increased, as well as the concentration of the liquid was increased.

The graph of FIG. 6 shows that a larger amount of liquid is extracted from the apple mass by the application of reverse rotational motion.

In addition, as can be seen from the graph of FIG. 7, the contact efficiency of the solid / liquid was improved when the concentration of soluble solids extracted and measured in O _Brix was higher when the counter-rotation motion of the screw conveyor was increased. Turned out.

The effect on the soluble solid product produced by varying the forward / reverse drive rate of the screw conveyor was investigated by feeding Shiraz grapes and the results are shown in graphs in FIG.

Hereinafter will be described an embodiment of the device according to the present invention.

Example I

Bone vine grapes, which are known to be difficult to squeeze due to their sleek nature, were taken from the distal end of the winery's discharge mechanism and fed at a rate of 600 kg / hr through an extractor equipped with a screw conveyor of 0.5 m diameter and 4.5 m length.

Yield data between the extractor of the present invention and a conventional winery screw press are shown in the following table.

In another trial, 4250 kg of Shiraz grapes were extracted and the recovery of soluble solids was 82%. The balance data of the mass material is shown in the following table.

Example II

The traditional process of making lime juice in the West Indies takes about 30 days. However, if juice is extracted from the cut fruit using a countercurrent extraction process, the production time of lime juice can be reduced to 1 hour 30 minutes.

In some cases, the yield of lime juice was equal to the weight of the lime fed. This "juice" became a great lime juice drink when the right amount of sugar and four times the water were added for taste.

Example III

100 kg of lemon produced using a similar process became a good lemon drink when it reached 400 kg by the addition of water and 32 kg of sugar.

Claims (1)

An elongated housing shaped like a tubular or tubular with an inlet at one end and an outlet at the other end, and disposed in the housing rotatably about a longitudinal axis to move the injected material from one end of the housing to the other end In a counterflow diffusion extraction device composed of a screw conveyor and a drive device for driving the screw conveyor, the screw conveyor 12 moves the motor 13 so that the extracted materials move from the downstream end to the upstream end of the housing 11. The rotating direction forward of the screw conveyor 12 is intermittently reversed by the reverse rotating device 22 while rotating forward, and the extraction liquid is line 16 from the point adjacent to the downstream end of the housing 11. ), And part of the extracted liquid is converted to line (19) so that hot water flows back through line (43). Sikimyeo written through the heat the substrate 42 to be heated, reflux extraction diffusion, characterized in that the discharge back into the housing so as to be in contact with the heated liquid to the extraction device extracts.