DK145476B - Fortyndingsmiddel til brug ved blodanalyse - Google Patents
Fortyndingsmiddel til brug ved blodanalyse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK145476B DK145476B DK432075AA DK432075A DK145476B DK 145476 B DK145476 B DK 145476B DK 432075A A DK432075A A DK 432075AA DK 432075 A DK432075 A DK 432075A DK 145476 B DK145476 B DK 145476B
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- DK
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- Prior art keywords
- blood
- diluent
- hemoglobin
- blood cells
- sodium
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Links
- 238000004159 blood analysis Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 27
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 24
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 24
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 19
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 19
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 10
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000022 bacteriostatic agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004820 blood count Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 108700042971 cyanomethemoglobin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005534 hematocrit Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010053567 Coagulopathies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010018910 Haemolysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010061951 Methemoglobin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004520 agglutination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009534 blood test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035602 clotting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002489 hematologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008588 hemolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000815 hypotonic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002977 intracellular fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HLWRUJAIJJEZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O HLWRUJAIJJEZDL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013026 undiluted sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000925 very toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/96—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood or serum control standard
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/1031—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects
- G01N15/12—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects by observing changes in resistance or impedance across apertures when traversed by individual particles, e.g. by using the Coulter principle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
- G01N15/1031—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects
- G01N15/12—Investigating individual particles by measuring electrical or magnetic effects by observing changes in resistance or impedance across apertures when traversed by individual particles, e.g. by using the Coulter principle
- G01N15/131—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5094—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for blood cell populations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2496/00—Reference solutions for assays of biological material
- G01N2496/05—Reference solutions for assays of biological material containing blood cells or plasma
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/10—Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, stabilization, preparation or preservation; processes of use in preparation for chemical testing
- Y10T436/101666—Particle count or volume standard or control [e.g., platelet count standards, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/10—Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, stabilization, preparation or preservation; processes of use in preparation for chemical testing
- Y10T436/105831—Protein or peptide standard or control [e.g., hemoglobin, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/10—Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, stabilization, preparation or preservation; processes of use in preparation for chemical testing
- Y10T436/106664—Blood serum or blood plasma standard or control
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/10—Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, stabilization, preparation or preservation; processes of use in preparation for chemical testing
- Y10T436/107497—Preparation composition [e.g., lysing or precipitation, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/10—Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, stabilization, preparation or preservation; processes of use in preparation for chemical testing
- Y10T436/108331—Preservative, buffer, anticoagulant or diluent
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Description
(^fsn (19) DANMARK \£5/ |j| (12) FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT ου U5V76B.
DIREKTORATET FOR PATENT- OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENET
(21) Ansøgning nr. 4320/75 (51) lnt.CI.3 6 01 H 33/48 (22) Indleveringsdag 25. sep. 1975 (24) Løbedag 25. sep. 1975 (41) Aim. tilgængelig l4. Jul. 1976 (44) Fremlagt 22. nov. 1982 (86) International ansøgning nr.
(86) International indleveringsdag (85) Videreførelsesdag -(62) Stamansøgning nr. _
(30) Prioritet 13. jan. 1975, 540584, US
(71) Ansøger COULTER ELECTRONICS INC., Hialeah, US.
(72) Opfinder Douglas Armstrong, US.
(74) Fuldmægtig Ostenfeld Patentbureau A/S.
(54) Fortyndingsmiddel til brug ved blodanalyse.
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et biodfortyndingsmiddel til anvendelse ved hamatologisk tælling af blodlegemer og bestemmelse af hæmoglobinkoncentrationen, samt disses kollektive kendetegn ved elektronisk partikel-analyse under anvendelse af et måleapparat af Coultertypen. Fortyndingsmidlet, som består af en stabil vandig opløsning af kemiske salte, udgør en elektrolyt-opløsning, hvortil man kan sætte en blodprøve for B at fortynde det store antal røde blodlegemer, hvide blodlegemer og O andre blodkomponenter for at muliggøre måling, tælling og vurdering ^ af de ønskede parametre for disse blodkomponenter.
^ En almindelig medicinsk diagnostisk fremgangsmåde er at analyse- — re og undersøge en blodprøve fra en patient for at fastslå visse klassi- ^ ske bestemmelser med hensyn til blodprøven. Denne fremgangsmåde er ét 3 2 145476 vigtigt redskab for lægen. Seks karakteristiske og vigtige parametre er antallet af røde blodlegemer (RBC), hæmatokritværdien (HCT), hæmoglobinindholdet (HGB), middelblodlegemevolumen (MCV), middelblodlegeme-hæmoglobinindhold (MCH) og middelblodlegemehæmoglobinkoncentration (MCHC). En syvende vigtig bestemmelse er antallet af hvide blodlegemer (WBC). USA patentskrift nr. 3 549 994 omhandler et instrument, som er beregnet til at modtage en blodprøve fra en patient, behandle prøven automatisk og kontinuerligt, samt give oplysning om de beregnede parametre eller bestemmelser. I dette patentskrift gives brugbare definitioner på de angivne parametre, og her belyses også de problemer, som må løses ved håndtering af blodprøven, når denne føres gennem væskesystemet i det patenterede apparat.
Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeah, Florida, fabrikerer og sælger også andre instrumenter til blodlegemetælling og blodanalyser, men disse instrumenter er mindre raffinerede end det apparat, der er beskrevet i nævnte USA patentskrift nr. 3 549 994. De anvendes dog til bestemmelse af antallet af røde og hvide blodlegemer, hæmoglobinkoncentration og disses kollektive kendetegn, såsom HCT, MCV, MCH og MCHC.
Det til flere formål beregnede blodfortyndingsmiddel ifølge opfindelsen er velegnet til anvendelse, også ved disse andre instrumenter, hvor problemerne med en tilfredsstillende håndtering af blodprøven er de samme. Det omhandlede blodfortyndingmiddel er med andre ord også anvendeligt i andre elektroniske instrumenter til partikelanalyse, hvor Coul-ter-princippet anvendes. Sådanne instrumenter beskrives i denne sammenhæng generelt som værende af "Coulter-typen" eller betegnes med det registrerede varemærke 'ODULTER COUNTER", son indehaves af Coulter Eelectronics,Inc.
For at lette forståelsenaf opfindelsen skal omtales visse egenskaber- hos de røde blodlegemer. Røde blodlegemer er bikonkave plader, som almindeligvis er toroidformede og ligner såkaldte"Doughnuts". Intermembranen er elastisk. Cellens indre indeholder hæmoglobin og andre komponenter. De specifikke parametre hos de røde blodlegemer, som det er klinisk ønskeligt at måle ved hjælp af elektronisk instrument efter Coulter-princippet, dikterer de nødvendige egenskaber hos et egnet fortyndingsmiddel.
F.eks. er det ønskeligt at kende volumenet i de røde blodlegemer.
Når denne måling én gang er foretaget, og de røde blodlegemer er talt, kan det pakkede cellevolumen eller hæmatokritværdien (HCT) beregnes. Fortyndingsmidlet ifølge opfindelsen skal derfor være en elektrolyt, som muliggør elektroniske målinger med instrumenter af Coultertypen. Fortyndingsmidlet ifølge opfindelsen skal ligeledes kunne ækvilibrere 3 145476 og stabilisere volumenet af de røde blodlegemer i prøven, således at disses volumen, nemlig MCV, kan måles. ‘ 1 ' I det førnævnte USA patentskrift nr. 3 549 944 er det næmere forklaret, at tælling af blodlegemer med en "COULTER COUNTER" nødvendiggør1 ' en nøjagtig og tilfredsstillende fortynding af blodprøven, som føres ind i apparatets væskesystem. En sådan analyse stiller visse krav til fortyndingsmidlet, for at apparatet skal kunne anvendes på tilfredsstillende vis. Fortyndingsmidlet må eksempelvis være i stand til at opretholde blodlegemernes kemiske og fysiske integritet før og under analysen. Det er nødvendigt, at blodcellerne bibeholder samme fysiske egenskaber i den fortyndede opløsning, som i den ufortyndede prøve. Derfor skal fortyndingsmidlet være isotonisk og i osmotisk ligevægt med opløsningerne i blodlegemerne. De røde blodlegemers modstandsevne mod hæmolysering ved hæmoglobinbestemmelser må ikke på nogen måde ændres af blodfortyndingsmidlet. Blodfortyndingsmidlet må ikke på nogen måde påvirke den proces, ved hvilken det frigjorte hæmoglobin omdannes til en hæmoglobin-forbindeIse, som kan bestemmes kvantitativt (f.eks. cyan-methæmoglobin). Ellers ville det påvirke nøjagtigheden af hæmoglobin-bestemmelsen.
Et egnet blodfortyndingsmiddel må ikke indeholde fremmede partikler, idet nærværelse af fremmede partikler bevirker tælling af disse , som blodlegeme eller anden komponent. Blodfortyndingsmidlet skal derfor filtreres, så det ikke indeholder partikler med større diameter end 0,2 ^um ved fremstillingen. Samtidig skal blodfortyndingsmidlet være bakteriostatisk for at forhindre vækst af mikroorganismer efter emballering af fortyndingsmidlet. Det er anerkendt, at et godt blodfortyndingsmiddel til anvendelse i forbindelse med elektronisk apparatur til partikelanalyse og hæmoglobininstrument til hæmoglobinbestemmelse skal være ikke-reaktivt og osmotisk balanceret, for at reproducerbare ogt nøjagtige resultater skal kunne opnås.
Elektrolytopløsninger, som anvendes ved blodlegemetælling og •'størrelsesbestemmelse, skal have en sådan koncentration, at elektrolytionerne udøver et osmotisk tryk, som er lige så stort som det osmotiske tryk fra den intracellulære væske. Hvis cellerne er opslæmmet i en opløsning med mindre osmotisk tryk, d.v.s. en hypotonisk opløsning, vil cellerne absorbere vand og udvide sig, indtil de går i stykker og slipper cellevæskerne ud i opløsningen. Denne tilstand kaldes "hæmo-lyse". Når blodceller opslæmmes i en elektrolytopløsning med større osmotisk tryk, tabes cellevæske til opløsningen, hvorved cellens volumen bliver mindre. Denne tilstand kaldes "krenelering" 4 145476
Selvom tilstedeværelsen af konserveringsmidler er ønskelig for at forhindre bakterie- eller svampevækst, bør man være forsigtig, for at de ppslæmmede blodlegemers volumen ikke skal øges på grund af det anvendte konserveringsmiddel.
Et hidtil tilgængeligt blodfortyndingsmiddel kan fås fra Coulter Electronics, Inc. under det registrerede varemærke "ISOTON", som indehaves af datterselskabet af Coulter Diagnostics, Inc., Hialeah, Florida. Dette blodfortyndingsmiddel har følgende kemiske sammensætning:
Natriumchlorid 8,3 g
Dinatriumhydrogen-phosphat 2,0 g
Kaliumdihydrogen- phosphat 0,45 g
Kaliumchlorid 0,16 g
Glukose 0,25 g
Natriumazid 1,0 g H2O i en mængde, som giver ialt 1 liter.
Midlet er blevet anvendt i "COULTER COUNTERS" og hæmoglobinmåleinstrumenter gennem mange år, men det har visse uheldige egenskaber, som elimineres ved opfindelsen.
Et uønsket punkt var anvendelsen af natriumazid som effektivt bakteriostatisk middel. løvrigt har natriumazid været almindeligt anvendt i isotoniske blodfortyndingsmidler. Natriumazid er et relativt meget giftigt stof, og det er derfor muligt, at vandige opløsninger af åzider og dampe af HN^ kan have skadelige fysiologiske indvirkninger på laboratoriepersonalet, som udsættes for dem. Hvis man anvender rørsystemer og sammenføjninger af kobber og bly, hvor azidopløsningerne skal løbe, er det nødvendigt, at man anvendet velgennemtænkte fremgangsmåder, for at forhindre ophobning af for store mængder tungmetal-azider gennem længere tid. Derfor har man længe ønsket at være i stand til at erstatte natriumazid med et andet lige så effektivt bakteriostatisk materiale eller middel, men dette har ikke været muligt før den foreliggende opfindelse.
Anvendelse af natriumchlorid, kaliumchlorid og natriumhydroxid i sådanne tidligere blodfortyndingsmidler er kendt. Det er ligeledes kendt at anvende en kompleksdanner, som sammen med det anvendte phosphatsalt 5 146476 tjente som puffer ved opnåelse af et ønsket pH-interval, i hvilket fortyndingsmidlet kunne anvendes. En sådan kompleksdanner var ethylen-diamintetraeddikesyre (EDTA).
Formålet med opfindelsen er at tilvejebringe et azid-frit fortyndingsmiddel af den kendte art til fortynding af en blodprøve, som skal1 analyseres med henblik på bestemmelse af et antal klassiske parametre i et elektronisk partikelanalyseapparat af'Coulter-typen", og bestående af osmotisk balanceret vandholdig elektrolytisk opløsning, der holdes ved en pH-værdi mellem 7,0 og 8,0 og ved en osmolalitet mellem 300 og 380milliosmol og omfattende som komponenter a) metalhalogenid og metalphosphat, b) konserveringsmiddel og - c) kelateringsmiddel, hvilket middel iøvrigt skal opfylde de foran stillede krav til et effektivt blodfortyndingsmiddel. f
Dette er ifølge opfindelsen opnået ved,at opløsningen sorø konserveringsmiddel indeholder 2-phenoxyethanol og endvidere som en komponent d) natriumfluorid.
Det ifølge opfindelsen anvendte konserveringsmiddel, 2-phenoxy-ethanol, ville i sig selv angribe cellevæggene, men det har vist sig, at dette modvirkes af den samtidige anvendelse af natriumfluorid, der medvirker ved omdannelsen af hasnoglobin til cyanmethæmoglobin.
Blodfortyndingsmidlet ifølge opfindelsen erstatter således med fordel det tidligere anvendte natriumazid med et ikke-giftigt og mere foreneligt bakteriostatisk middel, uden at effektiviteten mindskes. Dette fortyndingsmiddel er endvidere osmotisk balanceret og ikke-reaktivt, hvorved man vindgår en eventuel påvirkning af den krævede kemiske om- " dannelse af hæmoglobinmaterialét til cyanmethæmoglobin i forbindelse med bestemmelser af hæmoglobinkoncentråtionen. Fortyndingsmidiet anvender ligeledes med fordel en puffer, som indeholder et koaguleringshæmmende middel, samt et bakteriostatisk middel. Det koagulationshæmmende middel forhindrer agglutinering af røde blodlegemer, når blodprøven indeholder unormale plasmaproteiner og forhindrer udfældning af tungmetalsalte i fortyndingsmidlet, hvilket ville resultere i en fejlagtig måling.
Som eksempel på et til ovennævnte formål beregnet blodfortyndingsmiddel ifølge opfindelsen kan navnes følgende: 6 145476
Omtrentlige mængder 1. Natriumchlorid 7,936 g/liter 2. Kaliumchlorid 0,4 " 3. Natrium-dihydrogenphosphat 0,19 " 4. Dinatriumphosphat 1,922 " 5. Ethylendiamintetraeddikesyre, natriumsalt (EDTA) 0,3 " 6. Natriumfluorid 0,5 " 7. 2-phenoxyethanol 3,3 " 8. destilleret vand til 1 liter pH-værdien af ovenfor specificerede fortyndingsmiddel-indstilles på 7,2 til 7,5 med den velegnede puffer, EDTA og phosphatsalt. Blodfor-tydningsmidlets osmolalitet holdes på 320 - 340 milliosmol.
Den ønskede osmotiske ligevægt opnås ved passende brug af natrium-og kaliumchlorid. Puffervirkning ved anvendelse af natriumhydroxid undgås på denne måde.
Det bakteriostatiske middel, som erstatter det tidligere anvendte natriumazid, er 2-phenoxyethanol. Dette middel er betydeligt mindre giftigt end natriumazid, og man eliminerer således fuldstændigt problemet med eventuelle skadelige giftvirkninger på laboratoriepersonalet. 2-phenoxyethanol danner heller ikke nogen kendte farlige stoffer med kobber og bly, som er almindeligt anvendt i vandafløb.
Fortyndingsmidlet forbliver stadig fuldstændigt ikke-reaktivt og i osmotisk balance for middelcellevolumen, og phosphatsaltene virker sammen med natriumethylendiamintetraacetat som en effektiv puffer. EDTA virker også som et koagulationshæmmende middel. Natriumfluoridet tjener til at stabilisere volumenet af de røde blodlegemer og medvirker ved omdannelsen af hæmoglobin til cyanmethæmoglobin ved hæmoglobinbestemmelser.
Der tilvejebringes et blodfortyndingsmiddel i form af en elektrolyt, der kan lede strøm, som stabiliserer de røde blodlegemer, således at deres volumen kan måles nøjagtigt, som ikke har en ugunstig virkning på hvide blodlegemer, og kan ftingere som elektrolyt ved elektronisk tælling af hvide blodlegemer, som ikke ha: nogen effekt på blodplader, og som ikke indvirker på omdannelsen af hæmoglobin til cyanmethæmo-globinformen, når hæmoglobin skal måles.
Fremstillingen af fortyndingsmidlet kræver ikke nogen specielle fremgangsmåder, og der er heller ikke nogen bestemt rækkefølge for tilsætning af bestanddelene til vandet. Derfor omfatter opfindelsen ikke nogen fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af fortyndingsmidlet. Bian-
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US54058475 | 1975-01-13 | ||
| US05/540,584 US3962125A (en) | 1975-01-13 | 1975-01-13 | Multi-purpose diluent for use in blood analysis by electronic instrumentation of the coulter type |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK432075A DK432075A (da) | 1976-07-14 |
| DK145476B true DK145476B (da) | 1982-11-22 |
| DK145476C DK145476C (da) | 1983-04-18 |
Family
ID=24156076
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK432075A DK145476C (da) | 1975-01-13 | 1975-09-25 | Fortyndingsmiddel til brug ved blodanalyse |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US3962125A (da) |
| JP (1) | JPS5422319B2 (da) |
| AU (1) | AU502597B2 (da) |
| BE (1) | BE834872A (da) |
| CA (1) | CA1045960A (da) |
| CH (1) | CH612010A5 (da) |
| DE (1) | DE2553918C3 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK145476C (da) |
| FI (1) | FI59173C (da) |
| FR (1) | FR2297422A1 (da) |
| GB (1) | GB1475470A (da) |
| IE (1) | IE41665B1 (da) |
| IL (1) | IL48053A (da) |
| IT (1) | IT1047096B (da) |
| NL (1) | NL162210C (da) |
| NO (1) | NO146174C (da) |
| SE (1) | SE409374B (da) |
| ZA (1) | ZA755824B (da) |
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-
1975
- 1975-01-13 US US05/540,584 patent/US3962125A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1975-09-03 IE IE1919/75A patent/IE41665B1/en unknown
- 1975-09-04 CA CA234,776A patent/CA1045960A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-09-04 IL IL48053A patent/IL48053A/xx unknown
- 1975-09-12 GB GB3765175A patent/GB1475470A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-09-12 ZA ZA755824A patent/ZA755824B/xx unknown
- 1975-09-15 AU AU84846/75A patent/AU502597B2/en not_active Expired
- 1975-09-18 FR FR7528583A patent/FR2297422A1/fr active Granted
- 1975-09-23 CH CH1232275A patent/CH612010A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-09-23 SE SE7510626A patent/SE409374B/xx unknown
- 1975-09-24 IT IT51486/75A patent/IT1047096B/it active
- 1975-09-25 FI FI752687A patent/FI59173C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-09-25 DK DK432075A patent/DK145476C/da active
- 1975-09-26 NO NO753282A patent/NO146174C/no unknown
- 1975-10-09 NL NL7511844.A patent/NL162210C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-10-24 BE BE6045229A patent/BE834872A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-11-20 JP JP13882475A patent/JPS5422319B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1975-12-01 DE DE2553918A patent/DE2553918C3/de not_active Expired
-
1976
- 1976-03-26 US US05/670,924 patent/US4102810A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE41665L (en) | 1976-07-13 |
| US3962125A (en) | 1976-06-08 |
| NO146174C (no) | 1982-08-11 |
| DE2553918C3 (de) | 1979-11-22 |
| AU8484675A (en) | 1977-03-24 |
| IT1047096B (it) | 1980-09-10 |
| FI59173B (fi) | 1981-02-27 |
| FI752687A7 (da) | 1976-07-14 |
| CH612010A5 (da) | 1979-06-29 |
| DE2553918A1 (de) | 1976-09-16 |
| IL48053A (en) | 1978-12-17 |
| NL7511844A (nl) | 1976-07-15 |
| JPS5422319B2 (da) | 1979-08-06 |
| US4102810A (en) | 1978-07-25 |
| JPS5181696A (da) | 1976-07-17 |
| ZA755824B (en) | 1977-04-27 |
| DK145476C (da) | 1983-04-18 |
| NL162210B (nl) | 1979-11-15 |
| IE41665B1 (en) | 1980-02-27 |
| FR2297422B1 (da) | 1978-08-25 |
| IL48053A0 (en) | 1975-11-25 |
| FR2297422A1 (fr) | 1976-08-06 |
| NO146174B (no) | 1982-05-03 |
| AU502597B2 (en) | 1979-08-02 |
| BE834872A (fr) | 1976-04-26 |
| SE7510626L (sv) | 1976-07-14 |
| GB1475470A (en) | 1977-06-01 |
| CA1045960A (en) | 1979-01-09 |
| NL162210C (nl) | 1980-04-15 |
| NO753282L (da) | 1976-07-14 |
| SE409374B (sv) | 1979-08-13 |
| DE2553918B2 (de) | 1979-03-29 |
| DK432075A (da) | 1976-07-14 |
| FI59173C (fi) | 1981-06-10 |
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