DK145133B - CUTULATED CELLULOS ART GAMES AND PROCEDURES FOR PRODUCING THEM - Google Patents

Description

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| J | (12) PUBLICATION OF 145133 B

DIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM

(21) Application No. 2855/72 (51) IntCI.3 A 22 C 13/00 (22) Filing date 8 Jun. 1972 (24) Race day 8 Jun. 1972 (41) Aim. available Dec 11 1972 (44) Presented 15. a ep. 1982 (86) International application # - (86) International filing day - (85) Continuation day - (62) Master application no -

(30) Priority 10 Jun. 1971, 151924, US

(71) Applicant UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, New York, US.

(72) Inventor Herman Shin-Gee Chiu, US: David Voo, US: John Joseph

Standard, US.

(74) Full-time engineering firm Lehmann & Ree.

(54) Tubular cellulose artificial bowel and its method of preparation.

The present invention relates to a tubular cellulosic gut suitable for food wrapping and having on its inner surface a coating comprising a mixture of a first component in the form of a water-soluble cellulose ether and a second component in the form of an animal or vegetable oil, a mineral oil, a silicone oil or a water-soluble alkylene oxide QQ adduct of a fatty acid ester.

^ Foodstuff gut used in foodstuffs ...

The [medium processing industry] is generally made of a thin-walled tubular material, which is supplied with various diameters and is manufactured from regenerated cellulose, cellulose derivatives, alginates, collagen and the like. Also, fibrous tissues may be embedded in these food artificial casings, and such artificial casings are commonly referred to in the art as generally "fibrous food artificial casings". Generally, these intestines have multifunctional uses, as they can be used as containers during the processing of a food product enclosed therein, and they can also serve as a protective packaging for the finished product. In the sausage industry, however, the production of various types of sausages ranging in size from smaller sausages such as frankfurter sausages and up to large-size sausages, such as bologna sausages, however, frequently involves the removal of the gut from the processed meat prior to final packaging. Peeling of the artificial intestine from the processed sausage has posed major problems, especially in the production of frankfurter sausages, where there is a large number of the product, and it is desirable in commercial production to use automatic high-speed stuffing and peeling machines.

When the gut is removed from the mass of meat, there is sometimes a tendency for some meat to stick to the gut and be stripped from the sausage with the gut, thereby causing a surface damage to the sausage. In other cases, variations in the meat emulsion compositions or in the processing conditions may result in the gut sticking to the product to such an extent that it prevents rapid removal of the gut from the product contained therein. The use of high speed automatic peelers in commercial production, such as disclosed in descriptions of U.S. Patents Nos. 2,424,546, 2,514,660, 2,686,927, and 2,757 · 409, makes it particularly important that there be minimal resistance to the casing's separation from the sausage, otherwise the product will become stuck. in the peeler or pass peeled through. Incomplete removal of the intestine requires the cost of hand sorting and peeling.

So far, many attempts have been made to provide artificial bowels with appropriate release properties. It is known in the art that application of certain types of coatings to the interior wall of food art casings can produce an enhancement of the articulation's release ability from the enclosed sausage product. However, as far as is known, none of the known coatings is completely satisfactory for use in all types of meat emulsion compositions and commercial processing conditions, especially when using commercial high speed automatic peel equipment. Furthermore, food casings commonly used to produce food products such as Viennese sausages, frankfurter sausages and the like are typically prepared in continuous lengths of from approx. 17 to 50 m or more and with a flat width of about 22 to 64 mm or more, which is converted into wrinkled bowels.

From the specification of US Patent No. 3 * 451,827, known to apply to the interior surface of food cellulose intestines a coating consisting of methyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, mineral oil, vegetable oil, silicone oil, glycerol, inositol, water or acetylated monoglycerides of fatty acids. These coatings are applied, according to the patent, to the inner surface of the cellulose intestine by introducing the coating agent in the form of a 0.2-2% solution or suspension in mineral oil, vegetable oil or a 2% glycerol solution in water during a wrinkling operation of the bowel compressed air introduced through the wrinkle mandrel to flush out the cellulose intestine during the wrinkle process. However, it has proved extremely difficult, if not completely impossible, to apply uniform coating of the agent in question in this way to the inner surface of the intestine, and it has been found that either the coatings in question do not provide cellulose artificial bowels with satisfactory peelability properties and / or they give rise to mechanical disturbances during the mechanical wrinkling operation of the artificial bowel and / or subsequent mechanical stopping thereof.

The object of the present invention is to provide a tubular cellulosic gut suitable for the production of sausage products prepared from various types of food emulsion, the gut being readily released from the sausage product after its preparation in the gut, particularly also using high speed automatic sausage skin peeling machines, and are not subject to the aforementioned mechanical wrinkle and stuffing imperfections.

This is achieved according to the present invention with a tubular cellulosic gut of the kind set forth in claim 1, which cellulosic gut is characterized in that the second component is present in the coating in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 times the weight of the cellulose ether component.

An embodiment of the gut according to the invention is characterized in that the coating comprises a homogeneous mixture of the cellulose ether component and the second component.

4 1Λ 51 3 3

Another embodiment of the gut according to the invention is characterized in that the eellulose ether component of the coating is carboxymethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose.

A third embodiment of the artificial intestine according to the invention is characterized in that the eellulose ether component in the coating is present in an amount of at least 0.00015 mg / cm internal intestinal surface.

A fourth embodiment of the gut according to the invention is characterized in that the eellulose ether component is present in an amount between 0.00031 mg / cm and 0.011 mg / cm gut surface.

A fifth embodiment of the gut according to the invention is characterized in that the weight ratio of the second component to the first component is between 0.5: 1 and 5.0: 1.

A sixth embodiment of the gut according to the invention is characterized in that the second component of the coating is a water-soluble ethylene oxide adduct compound of fatty acid esters.

The invention also relates to a method for producing the tubular cellulosic gut of the invention, wherein a coating is applied to the inner surface of the gut, which is characterized in that no more than 0.77 mg / cm 2 of an aqueous coating agent and less than 0.46 mg / cm 2 of water is applied to the inner surface of the gut, where at least 0.00015 2 mg / cm 2 of cellulose ether is applied to said surface, the aqueous coating agent containing at least 0.05% by weight of a water-soluble cellulose ether, another component selected from animal and vegetable oils. , mineral oil, silicone oil and a water-soluble alkylene oxide adduct compound of fatty acid esters in an amount of between 0.1 and 15 times the amount of the cellulose ether component and between 10 and 90% by weight of a polyol having 3-6 carbon atoms, the polyol being present in a weight ratio of water of at least 0.15: 1.

An embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the second component of the coating agent is applied to the inner surface of the gut in an amount of less than 0.077 mg / cm 2.

Another embodiment of the method according to the invention. . The distinction is characterized by the fact that between 0.00031 and 0.011 mg / cm cellulose ether is applied to the inner surface of the gut.

A third embodiment of the process according to the invention is characterized in that the weight ratio of polyol to water in the coating agent is between 0.4: 1 and 2.5: 1.

A fourth embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that less than 0.30 mg / cm of water is applied to the inner surface of the gut.

A fifth embodiment of the process according to the invention is characterized in that the water-soluble cellulose ether is selected from methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.

A sixth embodiment of the process according to the invention is characterized in that the coating agent has a viscosity of up to 500 cP at the application temperature.

Artificial intestines produced by the practice of the present invention can be used in the preparation of food products comprising, in terms of composition and preparation conditions, a wide range, and can be easily removed from the processed food product using automatic high speed peelers without damage. or scraping the surface of the product and having high peel efficiency.

The food artificial casings of the present invention can be prepared from tubular artificial casings of regenerated cellulose and fiber reinforced regenerated cellulose prepared by any of the known commercial methods.

The first component of the coating used in the practice of the present invention can generally be referred to as a water-soluble cellulose ether. Typical water-soluble cellulose ethers that can be used are the nonionic water-soluble alkyl and hydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers, such as e.g. methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, ethylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, and preferably the anionic water-soluble cellulose ethers such as e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Commercially, carboxymethylcellulose and carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose are almost always marketed as the sodium salt, and it is common commercial practice not to designate the commercial product as the sodium salt. In the present specification and claims, the above materials comprise the sodium salt and other alkali metal salts thereof. The alkali-soluble cellulose ethers such as e.g. alkali-soluble methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose are also suitable, and in the context of the present invention, the definition of water-soluble cellulose ethers also includes such alkali soluble cellulose ethers.

The amount of water-soluble cellulose ether present on the inner surface of the food gut needed to provide the desired release properties can vary within a wide range, although very small amounts are actually required. Generally, however, tubular artificial casings according to the present invention will contain at least approx. 0.00015 2

mg cellulose ether per and preferably between ca. 0.00031 and 0.0n P

mg / cm cellulose ether. Larger amounts of the cellulose ether component may be used if desired, although it generally does not materially improve the release properties of the gut, and in certain types of meat composition or treatment conditions may involve fat excretion.

Coating agents suitable for use in the practice of the process of the present invention are aqueous solutions or suspensions containing at least approx.

0.05% by weight of water-soluble cellulose ether, another ingredient selected from animal and vegetable oils, mineral oil, silicone oil and a water-soluble alkylene oxide adduct compound of fatty acid esters in an amount of between 0.1 and 15 times the amount of the cellulose ether component and between 10 and 90% by weight of a polyol having 3-6 carbon atoms, the polyol being present in a weight ratio of water of at least 0.15: 1. The concentration of water-soluble cellulose ether in the coating agent depends primarily on the application method used and on the viscosity of the agent. Coating agents exhibiting viscosity properties of up to approx.

1500 cP at the application temperature has been found to be satisfactory; however, a viscosity of up to approx. 500 cP is best suited and preferred.

Typical polyols that can be used are glycerol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol and sorbitol. The amount of polyol that can be used generally depends on the desired viscosity of the coating agent and also on the amount of water that can be tolerated by the tubular casings being treated, as will be discussed further below.

It has been found that aqueous solutions of the cellulose ether are most suitable and preferred as a coating agent in the preparation of the tubular artificial casings of the present invention, although application of a coating agent containing the water-soluble cellulose ether in suspension may be satisfactory for preparation. of casings used for certain uses.

Application of the cellulose ether-containing coating to the inner intestinal surface can be accomplished using a variety of well-known methods. Thus, the coating agent can e.g. is introduced into the intestine in the form of a liquid amount to form a suspended U-shaped fluid loop "in the intestine which is passed past it, thereby coating the inner surface with the coating agent or passing the casing through a container containing the coating agent, providing For a sufficient residence time to allow the coating agent to diffuse through the intestinal wall to the inner surface, another preferred method would be to introduce the coating agent to the inner surface of the intestine through a hollow mandrel over which the intestine is advanced, e.g. a gut-wrinkle machine, in a manner similar to that disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3-451-827, according to which the coating agent is introduced by compressed air exiting the gut during the wrinkle operation.

One of the most extensive commercial uses of tubular food casings is in the manufacture of smaller sausages, such as frankfurter sausages, with the casings in the form of wrinkled casings being widely used in the manufacture of this product type. Typical methods and apparatus used to wrinkle tubular lengths of artificial bowels to obtain wrinkled artificial bowels are e.g. disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,984,574 and 3-110,058.

Many of the characteristic processing properties of tubular food casings and wrinkled rods made therefrom are related to the moisture content of the casing, e.g. in connection with the formation of appropriate wrinkle patterns and folds in the wrinkled artificial bowel. It is known in the art that if the moisture content of the tubular gut is greater than approx. 20 percent by weight, wrinkling difficulties occur, and the resulting wrinkled rods are curved and twisted, making their handling during padding treatment difficult.

Accordingly, when it is desired to apply the coating agents used in the present invention, e.g. when the tubular gut passes over a wrinkle mandrel prior to or during the wrinkle treatment, it has been found that the amount of coating agent applied must be controlled to limit the amount of water supplied in treating the inner surface of the gut with the amount of water-soluble cellulose ether needed to achieve the desired release properties. It is also particularly desirable to avoid application of more coating agent than can be absorbed by the gut so that excess coating agent is lost and lost. wasted or collected within certain areas of the wrinkled rods, with consequent harmful effects on them. The inner surface of the tubular artificial intestine is applied no more than 0.77 mg / cm and preferably no more than ca. 0.62 mg / cm coatings containing at least approx. 0.05% by weight of water-soluble eellulose ether, further applying the coating agent to less than approx. 0.46 mg / cm and preferably less than about 2 mg. 0.31 mg / cm of water is applied to the surface of the intestine, while p is applied at least approx. 0.00015 mg / cm and preferably between ca.

2,00031 and 0.011 mg / cm eellulose ether on the inner surface.

A variety of methods are suitable for controlling the amount of water and other components applied to the surface of the tubular artificial intestine, such as e.g. by varying the amount of coating agent applied and / or the concentration of eellulose ether in the coating agent. However, it has been found that a particularly advantageous means of controlling the amount of water applied, thereby largely avoiding the problems associated with the treatment of artificial casings with aqueous cellulose ether coatings, is obtained by using certain ratios of water to the polyols mentioned above in the preparation of the coating agents. Homogeneous aqueous cellulose ether coatings wherein the polyol and water are present in a weight ratio of polyol to water of at least 0.15: 1.0 and preferably in a weight ratio of 0.4: 1.0 to 2.5: 1 , 0, is particularly suitable for use in preparing the tubular cellulose art casings of the present invention.

When certain water-soluble cellulose ethers are used to impart characteristic release properties to wrinkled tubular intestine, it has been found that wrinkles in the wrinkled intestine tend to adhere to each other, and as a result, the intestine will be damaged during its padding. food products. It has been found that this folding adhesive can be avoided by providing on the inner surface of the tubular artificial casing a coating 9 1 AS 13 3 comprising a mixture of at least two components, one of the components being a water-soluble cellulose ether and the other component is selected from animal and vegetable oils, mineral oil, water-soluble alkylene oxide adduct compounds of fatty acid esters and silicone oils, the second component being present in an amount of between 0.1 and 15, preferably 0.1 and 10 times the weight of the first component . The amount of the second ingredient used will preferably be of such a size that the weight ratio of the second ingredient to the first ingredient is between about. 0.5: 1.0 and 5.0: 1.0. Tubular artificial casings with such a two-component coating exhibit excellent release properties from food products treated herein, and are particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of wrinkled casings, as there is generally no tendency for the folds of the wrinkled rods to stick together as a result. of the presence of the coating.

Materials suitable for use in admixture with the water-soluble cellulose ethers for the preparation of the tubular artificial casings of the present invention are refined animal and vegetable oils which are usually liquid at room temperature or have a melting point below ca. 38 ° C, food grade mineral oils, silicone oils and preferably the water soluble alkylene oxide adduct compounds of fatty acid esters.

These materials are preferably water-soluble, but materials dispersible in aqueous solutions have also been found to be suitable. A typical example of the latter type of material, e.g. be an aqueous emulsion of castor oil or mineral oil.

Particularly suitable and preferred are the water-soluble alkylene oxide adduct compounds of partial fatty acid esters such as e.g. ethoxylated fatty acid esters of such polyols as anhydrosorbitols, glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol and glucosides. Typical water-soluble adduct compounds within this group are substances that are commercially available under the trade designation (S)

Tween (from Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc.).

The present invention will be further elucidated with the following examples which are merely an illustration of the invention and not a limitation thereof. Unless otherwise stated, all parts and percentages are by weight.

10 145133

Example I

Coating agents were prepared from various grades of water-soluble earboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using the following proportions of the ingredients: earboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 1.0%

Propylene Glyeol 49.5%

Water 49.5%

Coating Agent A: The earboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) used in this agent was a water-soluble low viscous food grade (CMC) with an average substitution of 7 carboxymethyl groups per day. 10 units of anhydroglucose. It is commercially available under the designation "CMC 7LF" from the company Hercules,

Inc.

Coagulant B: The CMC used in this agent was a water-soluble low viscosity grade with an average degree of substitution of 7 and an upper viscosity limit for a 2% water solution of 18 cP at 25 ° C. It is commercially available under the designation "CMC 7L1" from the company Hercules, Inc.

Coating agent · C: The CMC used in this agent was a water-soluble low viscosity grade with an average degree of substitution of 7 and an upper viscosity limit of approximately 20 cP at 25 ° C. It is commercially available under the designation "CMC 7D2" from the company Hercules, Inc.

Coating Agent D: The CMC used in this agent was a water-soluble medium viscous food grade with an average degree of substitution of 7 · It is commercially available under the designation "CMC 7MF" from Hercules, Inc.

Coating Agent E: The CMC used in this agent was a water-soluble, high-viscous food grade with an average degree of substitution of 7. It is commercially available under the designation "CMC 7HF" from Hercules, Inc. It was necessary to reduce the amount of CMC in this agent to 0.25% to obtain a workable viscosity.

Commercially prepared cellulose artificial bowel specimens of 25.6 m in length and a flat width measuring 33 mm were used to prepare the intestines in this example. These intestines were wrinkled on an apparatus such as that disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3-110,058. Once every 25.6 m of intestinal length 11 U5133 had been wrinkled, the special coating agent was applied in an amount of 0.5 * 1 mg of coating agent per minute. square centimeter inner surface of the artificial intestine by metered application through the wrinkle mandrel along with the flow of discharge air.

Using the coating agents mentioned above, the following wrinkled colon samples were prepared:

Wrinkled gut A: prepared by applying coating A according to this example, with the wrinkled gut o receiving a uniform coating of 0.005¾ mg "CMC 7LF" per cm intestinal surface.

Wrinkled gut B: prepared using coating agent B of this example, the gut being given a uniform coating of 0.005¾ mg "CMC 7L1" per cm intestinal surface.

Wrinkled gut C: prepared using coating agent C, giving the gut a uniform coating of 0.005¾ mg "CMC 7L2" per cm2 intestinal surface.

Wrinkled gut D: produced using coating agent D, giving the gut a uniform coating of 0.005¾? mg "CMC 7MF" per cm intestinal surface.

Wrinkled gut E: prepared using coating agent E, giving the gut a uniform coating of 0.001¾ mg "CMC 7HF" per cm2 intestinal surface.

Wrinkled gut F: Control gut is prepared using standard wrinkle methods.

A frankfurter-type meat emulsion made from a composition containing beef and pork meat and containing a large content of collagen-containing materials was stuffed into the wrinkled lengths of the intestine and articulated to Frankfurter sausages by means of conventional jointing apparatus. It was found that during the stopping of the intestines A - E, serious difficulties arose, apparently due to the adhesion of the folds in the wrinkled pieces which had been applied to the coating agents of this example and which resulted in extensive fractures of the artificial intestines during the stopping of the wrinkled spells. There was no difficulty in stopping the gut P, which is the standard control gut.

12 145133

Example II

Coating agents were prepared from various grades of water-soluble carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using the following ratios of the ingredients:

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 0.14 #

Propylene glycol $ 58.36

Water $ 40.0

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester of higher fatty acids $ 1.5

Coating Agent A: The carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) used in the preparation of Agent A of Example I was used in this coating agent.

Coating Agent B: CMC of Agent B of Example I was used in this coating agent.

Coating Agent C: The CMC of Agent C of Example I was used in this coating agent.

Coating Agent D: CMC of Agent D of Example I was used in this coating agent.

Coating agent E: CMC according to agent E of Example I was used in this coating agent.

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters of higher fatty acids used in the agents of this example were obtained under the designation Tween ® 80 from the company Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc.

Using samples of cellulose artificial bowel, wrinkle apparatus and coating method of Example I, the following wrinkled artificial bowel samples were prepared using the coating agents of this Example II.

Wrinkled gut A: is made by applying coating A according to this example.

Wrinkled intestine B: is made by applying coating B of this example.

Wrinkled artificial bowel C: is made by applying coating C of this example.

Wrinkled gut D: is made by applying coating D according to this example.

Wrinkled artificial bowel E: is made by applying coating E according to this example.

In each case, a wrinkled intestine was obtained with a uniform coating of a homogeneous mixture of 0.00078 mg of the p CMC grade and 0.0078 mg of fatty acid ester per ml. cm intestinal surface. No foaming occurred during the wrinkling of the intestines, but in no case interfered with the wrinkling operation.

Wrinkled Gut F: Control Gut made using standard wrinkle methods.

Using the meat emulsion and intestinal stuffing and jointing method described in Example I, the wrinkled gut A - F was stopped and articulated to Frankfurter sausages. No difficulties, such as intestinal fractures, occurred during the padding and jointing of any of the artificial bowels of this example. The stuffed casings were all processed in a smokehouse using a processing circuit known to adversely affect the peelability of the casings from the enclosed food product. The treatment circuit used consisted of one minute smoke followed by a 30 minute period during which the temperature of the smokehouse was increased from 60 to 82 ° C without attempting to set the relative humidity. The temperature of the smokehouse was maintained at a temperature of approx. 82 ° C until the internal temperature of the enclosed food product had reached approx. 69 ° C, after which the frankfurter sausages were sprinkled in the smokehouse until their internal temperature was between 25 and 27 ° C. The Frankfurter sausages were then removed from the smokehouse and cooled to an internal temperature of between 3 and 7 ° C.

The peelability of the various intestines of the present example was assessed by a peeler commercially known as "Timesaver Peeler" which was set to peel at a rate of 907 kg of frankfurter sausages per hour.

The entrapped food products were thoroughly sprayed with water before being passed through the peeler. The results of the peel test are listed in Table 1 below, where peelability is indicated by weight percent peeled food product (ie 0% indicates that none of the gut had been peeled from the food product contained therein and 100 # indicates complete peel and release of artificial peel from the food product).

1 AS 133 ι4

Table 1

Artificial bowel Peelability (#) A 95 B 41 c 91 D 88 E 68

F O

As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the gut A - E shows a significant improvement in peel-off properties compared to that of the control gut P. Furthermore, the gut A - E treated with the coating agents of this example did not exhibit any of the fracture difficulties during stuffing with food product observed in Example I.

Example III

Using the carboxymethyl cellulose used in the preparation of coating agent A in Example I, coating agents having the following ratios of the ingredients were prepared:

Carboxymethyl cellulose ("CMC 7LF") variable as stated

Propylene glycol variable as stated

Water 40.0J5

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester of higher fatty acids (Tween® 80) 1.5 #

Coating agent A: No CMC was used in this agent. 58.5% propylene glycol was used.

Coating agent B: 0.1% HCC and 58.36 # propylene glycol were used in the preparation of this coating agent.

Coating agent C: 0.3 µCMC and 58.16 # propylene glycol were used in the preparation of this coating agent.

Coating agent D: 0.72 # CMC and 57.78 # propylene glycol were used in the preparation of this coating agent.

Coating agent E: 1.42 # CMC and 57.08 # propylene glycol were used in the preparation of this coating agent.

15 145133

Using the commercial cellulosic gut sample, the wrinkle apparatus and coating method described in Example I, the following wrinkled gut samples were prepared with the coating agents of the present Example III.

Wrinkled Artificial Gut A: Prepared by applying the above coating agent A, the wrinkled gut having a coating of p 0.0078 mg fatty acid ester per cm intestinal surface.

Wrinkled gut B: prepared by applying the above coating agent B, the wrinkled gut being coated with a homogeneous mixture of 0.00078 mg CMC and 0.0078 mg fatty acid-2 ester per cm intestinal surface.

Wrinkled gut C: prepared by applying the above coating agent C, the gut being coated with a homogeneous 2 mixture of 0.0019 mg CMC and 0.0078 mg fatty acid ester per cm intestinal surface.

Wrinkled gut D: prepared by applying the above coating agent D, the gut being coated with a homogeneous mixture of 0.0039 mg CMC and 0.0078 mg fatty acid ester per

2 cm intestinal surface.

Wrinkled gut E: prepared by applying the above coating agent E, the gut being coated with a homogeneous mixture of 0.0078 mg CMC and 0.0078 mg fatty acid ester per

2 cm intestinal surface.

Wrinkled Gut F: Control Gut of Example I.

Using the meat emulsion, stuffing and processing method and peelability examination procedure discussed in Example II, the peel test results set forth in Table 2 below were obtained.

Table 2

Artificial bowel Peelability (%) A 0 B 38 C 100 D 100 E 100 F 0 145133 l6

As can be seen from the results in the above table, the gut treated according to the present invention exhibits significantly improved peelability properties over that of the control gut. Furthermore, it is seen that only the coating agents in this series of tests containing the cellulose ether showed an improvement in gut peelability.

Example IV

A variety of frankfurter-type meat emulsions were prepared and used in this example. Meat emulsion A has the high collagen content composition described in Example I. Meat emulsion B is a composition containing collagen material and dry skim milk powder. Meat emulsion C was exclusively a meat composition containing a reduced amount of collagen material. Meat emulsion D was purely a beef composition.

Wrinkled artificial bowel pieces, wrinkled and coated as described in Example I, were prepared with the following coating amount.

Wrinkled Gut A: The wrinkled gut coating was a homogeneous mixture of 0.00078 mg'CMC 7LF "and 0.00078 mg Tween® 80 2 per cm gut surface.

Wrinkled Artificial Gut B: The coating on the inner surface of the wrinkled gut was a homogeneous mixture of 0.0054 mg of "CMC 7LF" and 0.005 mg of Tween® 80 per ml. cm2 intestinal surface.

Wrinkled gut C: the control gut P as defined in Example I.

Using the meat emulsions and wrinkled intestines of this example, the intestinal stuffing and jointing method described in Example I and the frankfurter treatment method described in Example II, enclosed processed food products were prepared.

The peel properties of these entrapped food products were assessed using the procedure described in Example II and the results of these studies are set forth in Table 3 below.

Table 3 145133 17

Artificial intestine Meat emulsion Peelability (%) A A 62 B A loo C A o A B loo B B loo C B 58 A C 43 B C loo C C o AD 33 B D loo C D o

The results summarized in Table 3S above clearly show that the intestines made according to the present invention exhibit improved peelability properties in connection with a number of different meat emulsion compositions.

Example V

The same method and testing described in Examples I and II above were used to evaluate the peeling properties of tubular gut treated with the coating agents discussed in Table 4 below.

18 145133

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rH E ~ t CO 50 O 0 (D fe fe lO OO S C «? +> Ό '^ S S S. OJ CD Λ Ti

Tf N N CT \ ri H'sy w G,! » C 2 'cd ooooo'Gg.ojJs! +> s s s S S S o (!) m m o o o o o. cd. Ih £ -ri ¢) E Έ E! E c. "CM E" <!> CQi 19 145133 "CMC 7LF" was the carboxymethyl cellulose in coating agent A, Example I; "CMC 7MF" was the carboxymethyl cellulose in coating agent D, Example I; "CMC 4M6" was a carboxymethyl cellulose having an average degree of substitution of 4 carboxymethyl groups per 10 anhydroglucose units; "CMC 9M8" was carboxymethyl cellulose with an average degree of substitution of 9 carboxymethyl groups per 10 anhydroglucose units; "CMC 12M8" was carboxymethyl cellulose with an average degree of substitution of 12 carboxymethyl groups.

10 anhydroglucose units.

The peel test results are summarized in Table 5 below for the various artificial casings prepared using the coating agents of this example. Meat emulsion C in this example is the same as meat emulsion C in Example IV, and meat emulsion A is the meat emulsion A in Example IV.

Table 5

peel

Coating agent Meat emulsion Peelability (ff) CMC Tween® 80 A 0.00078 0.00078 C 42 B 0.0007 «0.0078 C 91 D 0.00078 0.00078 C 8 E 0.00078 0.0078 C 64 G 0, 00078 0.00078 C 92 I 0.00078 0.00078 C 8 K 0.00078 0.00078 C 8

No coating, control gut - C 0 C '0.0054 0.0054 A 100 F 0.0054 0.0054 A 100 H 0.0054 0.0054 A 100 j 0.0054 0.0054 A 100 L 0.0054 0, 0054 A 100

No coating, control gut - A 0 20 145133

Example VI

The same procedure and testing set forth in Examples I and II above was used to demonstrate the suitability of carboxymethyl cellulose mixtures with other constituents for the production of tubular intestines having improved peelability properties. Table 6 below summarizes the amounts of the various components used to prepare the coating compositions A - D used in the present example.

Table 6

Coating compositions Composition

Ingredients ABC D

"CMC 7LP" l, o * 1.25 * 1.25 * l, o *

Water 48.5 * 48.4 * 45, o * 35, o *

Propylene glycol 48.5 * 48.4 * 51.8 * 5o, o *

Other additives

Castor oil 2, o * 2, o *

Tween® 4O 2, o *

Glyceryl monoleate l, o *

Mineral oil 13, o *

Viscosity cP 6o 75 114 175

Tween®40, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, was commercially available from Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc.

To obtain the coating agents A and B, an aqueous emulsion of castor oil was prepared using diethyl sodium sodium sulfosuccinate as the emulsifier, and the castor oil emulsion was then mixed with an aqueous CMC solution. To obtain coating agent D, an aqueous emulsion of mineral oil was prepared using glyceryl monoleate as an emulsifier, which was then mixed with an aqueous CMC solution.

The peel test results are set forth in Table 7 below for the various artificial casings prepared using the coating agents of the present example.

Table 7 21 145133

Of peeling for ssog

Belæenines- Peelable-

Synthetic agent & applied amount of coating (%) A A CMC 0.0047 mg / cm2 96 castor oil 0.0093 mg / cm B B CMC 0.0077 mg / cm2 100 castor oil 0.012 mg / cm C C CMC 0.005 «mg / cm2 p 91

Tween®40 0.0093 mg / cm 2 D D CMC 0.0062 mg / cm 2 100 mineral oil 0.081 mg / cm

Control Nothing 0

No intestinal rupture occurred during stuffing of the gut with food emulsion according to this example. The artificial bowels A - D showed improved peel properties compared to that obtained with the control bowel.

Example VII

The same procedure and testing set forth in Examples I and II above was used to assess the peeling properties of tubular casings treated with coating agents as listed in Table 8 below.

Table 8

Coating composition (%)

Ingredients A B C D

"CMHEC-37L" o, l4 1.0 "CMHEC-43L" - - 0.14 l, o

Water 4o, o 4o, o 4o, o 4q, o

Propylene glycol 59.72 58.0 59.72 58, o

Tween® 80 0.14 1.0 o, l4 l, o

Viscosity cP 15 44 13 5o "CMHEC-37L" is the sodium salt of carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose with an average degree of substitution of 3 carboxymethyl and 7 hydroxyethyl groups per lo anhydroglucose units. "CMHEC-43L" is the sodium salt of carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose with an average degree of substitution of 4 carboxymethyl and 3 hydroxyethyl groups per lo anhydroglucose units. Both drugs are commercially available from Hercules, Inc.

No intestinal rupture occurred during the stopping of the coated artificial bowels. Peel test results for artificial casings prepared using the coating agents in this example are summarized in Table 9 below.

Table 9

Peel test Coating agent · Coating amount CMHEC Tween® 80 A 0.0007 «0.0007« 68 B 0.0054 0.0054 95 C 0.00078 0.00078 59. d 0.0054 0.0054 91

No coating None None 0 control gut

Example VIII

Attachment experiments were performed to elucidate the adhesion between layers of tubular cellulose material treated with various cellulose ether-containing coatings.

A uniform coating of a coating agent was applied to the surface of a regenerated cellulose film taken from a tubular artificial intestine sample. A second layer of regenerated cellulose film was placed over the coated cellulose film, and the membrane laminate was sandwiched between flat sheets to ensure uniform wetting of both film surfaces and the removal of air pockets between the film layers. The force required to remove one hindlimb from the other was determined by holding one end of one hindlimb in a stationary clamp and clamping the corresponding end of the superimposed membrane in an apparatus exerting a sustained slow force exertion, which pulls back and separates the hinge layers in the laminate, the apparatus being provided with means to measure the force needed to separate the hinge layers.

Results of the adhesion experiments and the ratio of the constituents of the various coating agents evaluated are summarized in Table 10 below.

23

Table lo 145133 _ Coating composition (%) _

Ingredients AB C D E P G H

"CMC 7LP" l, o l, o l, o - - l, o 1.0 1.0 "HEC-WP 4o" - - - l, o 1.0

Propylene glycol 59, o 58.75 58.5 59, o 58, o 58, o 57.0 55.0

Water 4ο, σ 4o, o 4o, o 4o, o 4o, o 4o, o 40.0 40.0

Tween® 80 - o, 25 o, 5 - l, o "L-520 silicone" - - l, o

Silicone fluid "LE-45" - - - - - - - 2.0 4.0

Adhesive force web width 0.0309 0.0172 0.0 0.0165 0.0014 0.0 0.0172 0.0069 "HEC-WP 4o" is a quality of hydroxyethyl cellulose that. . <© is commercially available from Union Carbide Corporation, and Tween 80 is discussed in Example II. "L-52o silicone" is a water-soluble organosilicon copolymer liquid commercially available from Union Carbide Corporation. "Silicone Fluid LE-45" is an aqueous emulsion containing 45 $ dime-thylpolysiloxane liquid commercially available from Union Carbide Corporation.

The results show the diminished adhesion between regenerated cellulose membranes coated with different cellulose ether materials when the cellulose ether is mixed with the other component as discussed above. This diminished attachment is evidently of great importance in stopping wrinkled tubular cellulosic bowels of the present invention.

Example IX

This example illustrates the importance of regulating the amount of coating agent and water in the coating agent applied to the inner surface of the gut. Applying the coating agent through a hollow mandrel over which the tubular cellulose artificial gut is passed, particularly the wrinkle mandrel on which the tubular gut is wrinkled, is a particularly convenient method of making the gut of the present invention. However, application of more coating agent than that which can be absorbed by the artificial intestine results in loss of excess coating agent or non-uniform accumulation in the wrinkled artificial intestine. Furthermore, if the amount of water supplied to the artificial intestine is too large, difficulties arise during the wrinkling of the artificial intestine, such as e.g. retention of the wrinkled intestine on the mandrel, or the wrinkled artificial intestine becoming too soft.

Coating agents having the content of constituents listed in Table 11 below were prepared.

Table 11

Coating composition (%)

Ingredients AB C D E F

"CMC 7LF" o, 2 2, o 1.0

Methyl cellulose - - - 2, o 5, o 3, o

Water 85.8 84, o 4o, o 86.3 83.6 67.0

Glycerin 12, o 12, o 57, o 11.7 11.4 -

Propylene Glycol - - - - 27, o

Tween1® 80 2, o 2, o 2, o - - 3, o

Relationship between

Polyol and water o, l4o o, l43 1.43 0.136 0.136 o, 4o

The methylcellulose used in agent D was Methocel® MC-100 and was in agents E and F Methocel® MC-10, both of which are commercially available from the Dow Chemical Company.

Using the same cellulose artificial gut, wrinkle apparatus and coating method as described in Example I, the following wrinkled gut samples were prepared with the coating agents of this example:

Wrinkled gut A: 0.54 mg / cm 2 of coating A was used to treat the inner surface of the gut,

P P

whereby 0.47 mg / cm of water, 0.065 mg / cm of glycerine and a mixture of 0.0011 mg of CMC and 0.011 mg of Tween®80 per ml were applied. cm2 artificial intestine.

island

Wrinkled Intestine B: 0.54 mg / cm coating agent B was used to treat the inner surface of the intestine, applying 0.45 mg / cm water, 0.065 mg / cm glycerin and a mixture of 0.011 mg CMC and 0.011 mg Tween® 80 pr. cm ^ artificial bowel.

Wrinkled Gut C: 0.54 mg / cm coating agent C was used to treat the inner surface of the gut, applying 0.22 mg / cm water, 0.31 mg / cm glycerin and a mixture of 0.0054 mg CMC and 0.011 mg Tween®80 per ml. cm2 artificial intestine.

25 145133 2

Wrinkled artificial bowel D1: 0.54 mg / cm coating agent D was used to treat the inner surface of the gut, 2 thereby applying 0.47 mg / cm water, 0.064 mg / cm glycerin and 0.011 mg / cm 2 Methocel®MC -100.

2

Wrinkled artificial gut D-2: 0.271 mg / cm coating agent D was used to treat the inner surface of the gut, 2 2 applying 0.23 mg / cm water, 03031 mg / cm glycerin and 0.0054 mg / cm 2 Methocel ® MC-100.

2

Wrinkled gut E: 0.271 mg / cm coating agent E was used to treat the inner surface of the gut, 2 thereby applying 0.222 mg / cm water, 0.031 mg / cm glycerin and 0.014 mg / cm 2 Methocel® MC-10.

2

Wrinkled Gut F: 0.34 mg / cm Coating F was applied to the inner surface of the gut, thereby applying 0.228 mg / cm water, 0.093 mg / cm propylene glycol and a mixture of 0.0102 mg Methocel® MC-10 and 0.0102 mg of Tween® 80 per ml. cm2 artificial intestine.

Very great difficulties appeared in the manufacture of the wrinkled bowels A, B, and D-1 as a result of the wrinkled bowel's attachment to the wrinkle mandrel, and the bowels could not be used.

No artificial gut adhesion problems occurred in the preparation of the gut C and F, where small amounts of water were applied to the surface of the gut during the application of the coating agents C and F. The amount of water applied in the production of the gut C and F was first and foremost regulated by increasing the ratio. between polyol and water in the coating agents C and F. In general, there were no difficulties in the preparation of the gut D-2 and E, although there was some evidence of gut adhesion. The amount of water supplied in the preparation of the gut D-2 and E was only regulated by reducing the amount of coating agent applied.

The gut C, D-2, E and F all exhibit improved peel properties when stopped, processed and peeled according to the methods discussed in detail in Examples I and II.

26 145133

Example X

Two tubular artificial casings were internally treated with an aqueous coating agent containing "CMC-7LF" using the "sling" method (discussed earlier in the specification) for application of the coating, and the coated artificial casings were then dried in flushed condition. One gut was treated to provide a coating of 0.0022 mg / cm CMC on the intestinal surface and the other gut was treated to provide a coating of 0.00031 mg / cm CMC on the gut surface.

A control gut without any interior coating and the two coated gut samples were then wrinkled, stopped with a frankfurter meat emulsion and treated according to standard commercial smoking methods. The treated, enclosed food products were sprayed with water and then peeled through a commercial "Ranger Peeler" machine. The peelability of the control gut was approx. $ 80, while the two coated guts showed a peelability of $ 100.

Claims (8)

A tubular cellulose artificial gut suitable for food wrapping and having on its inner surface a coating comprising a mixture of a first ingredient in the form of a water-soluble cellulose ether and a second ingredient in the form of an animal or vegetable oil, a mineral oil, a silicone oil, or a water-soluble alkylene oxide adduct of a fatty acid ester, characterized in that the second component is present in the coating in an amount of from 0.1 to 15 times the weight of the cellulose ether component. Artificial intestine according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating comprises a homogeneous mixture of the cellulose ether component and the second component. 2? 145133 Patent Claims. Artificial intestine according to claims 1-2, characterized in that the cellulose ether component in the coating is carboxymethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose. Artificial intestine according to claims 1-3S, characterized in that the cellulose ether component in the coating is present in an amount 2 of at least 0.00015 mg / cm internal intestinal surface. Artificial intestine according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the cellulose ether component is present in an amount between 0.00031 mg / cm and 0.011 mg / cm intestinal surface. Artificial intestine according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the weight ratio of the second component to the first component is between 0.5: 1 and 5> 0: 1. Artificial intestine according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the second component of the coating is a water-soluble ethylene oxide adduct compound of fatty acid esters. A method of producing a tubular cellulosic gut according to claim 1, wherein a coating is applied to the inner surface of the gut, characterized in that no more than 0.77 mg / cm 2 of an aqueous coating agent and less than 0.46 2 mg / cm 2 water the inner surface of the gut is applied to which at least 2 0.00015 mg / cm cellulose ether is applied to said surface, the aqueous coating agent containing at least 0.05% by weight of a water-soluble cellulose ether, another component selected from animal and vegetable oils, mineral oil, silicone oil and a water-soluble alkylene oxide adduct compound of fatty acid esters in an amount of between 0.1 and 15 times the amount of the cellulose ether component and between 10 and 90% by weight of a polyol having 3-6 carbon atoms,