DE951225C - Zusatzmittel zu Schmieroelen - Google Patents
Zusatzmittel zu SchmieroelenInfo
- Publication number
- DE951225C DE951225C DES17499D DES0017499D DE951225C DE 951225 C DE951225 C DE 951225C DE S17499 D DES17499 D DE S17499D DE S0017499 D DES0017499 D DE S0017499D DE 951225 C DE951225 C DE 951225C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- aryl
- compounds
- metal
- oil
- radicals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/025—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with condensed rings
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- C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
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- C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
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Description
- Zusatzmittel zu Schmierölen Die Erfindung betrifft Zusatzmittel zu Schmierölen zur Erniedrigung des Stockpunktes, zur Erhöhung des Viskositätsindex sowie zur Verbesserung der Oxydations- und Korrosionsbeständigkeit.
- Als derartige Zusatzmittel werden erfindungsgemäß öllösliche, metallhaltige Arylverbindungen verwendet, welche einen Arylkern mit langkettigem, mindestens 2o C-Atome aufweisendem Paraffinkohlenwasserstoffrest enthalten.
- Man hat bereits als Zusatzmittel für Schmieröle die Erdalkalisalze oder Schwermetallsalze der aliphatisch substituierten Benzoe- bzw. o-Oxybenzoesäure neben ähnlichen Verbindungen vorgeschlagen. Weiterhin hat man metallorganische Verbindungen aus der Gruppe des Quecksilbers verwendet, in denen mindestens ein aliphatischer, aromatischer oder gemischt aliphatischaromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffrest unmittelbar an das Metallatom gebunden ist. Auch Metallverbindungen von Phenolsulfiden, die im Phenolrest eine Alkylgruppe mit q. bis 8 C-Atomen enthalten, sind zu diesem Zweck bereits vorgeschlagen worden.
- Bekannt sind auch Schmieröle und Schmierfette mit einem Zusatz kleiner Mengen öllöslicher metallorganischer Verbindungen, die sich von Metallen der IV. Gruppe des Periodischen Systems ableiten, wobei diese Verbindungen mindestens eine Arylgruppe neben einer oder mehreren Alkyl- oder Alkylarylgruppen an das Metallatom gebunden enthalten.
- Ferner sind Metall-mahogany-sulfonate als Zusatzmittel zu Schmierölen empfohlen worden. Vergleicht man diese bekannten Zusatzmittel hinsichtlich ihrer chemischen Struktur mit den hier beanspruchten, so besteht der wesentliche Unterschied in der Kettenlänge des Paraffmnkohlenwasserstoffsubstituenten im Aromaten. Er enthält mindestens 2o C-Atome, während die bekannten Verbindungen weniger C-Atome, meistens sogar erheblich weniger, in der aliphatischen Seitenkette des Aromaten aufweisen.
- Es sollen nun solche öllöslichen, metallhaltigen Verbindungen verwendet werden, die der allgemeinen Formel (I) entsprechen. Als Arylkern kommen mono- und polycyclische Aryl-, Aralkyl-, Oxyaryl-, Halogenaryl-, Aminoaryl-, Nitroaryl- und Diarylverbindungen in Betracht. In der oben angegebenen Formel bedeutet S einen aliphatischen Rest mit weniger als 2o C-Atomen, der durch OH-, Alkoxy-, Aroxy-, Alkaryl-, Araryl-, Halogen-, Cyan-, Nitro-, Nitroso-, Amino-, Keto-, Ester-, Aldehyd-, Amid-, Thioamid- oder Thicaroxyradikale substituiert sein kann. Me ist ein Metall, Z Sauerstoff und bzw. oder Schwefel (= X), Selen oder Tellur (= X') oder auch Radikale, wie worin R einen Arylrest oder Alkylrest, n und b ganze Zahlen ab i, a Null oder eine ganze Zahl ab x ist, wobei im letzteren Falle a = b wird. c ist die Zahl der weder durch die langkettigen Paraffinreste noch durch die Gruppe Z.Meb abgesättigten Kernvalenzen.
- Die Substitution der in der Formel (I) angegebenen Verbindungen kann auch abgewandelt sein, wie nachstehende Formel (II) erkennen läßt. In dieser Formel kann der Arylkern aus der Gruppe der hierfür in Formel (I) angegebenen Verbindungen sein und Me, X, X' die dort angegebene Bedeutung haben. Z' bedeutet die in Formel (I) für Z angegebenen Radiale abzüglich X und X', za ist eine ganze Zahl ab i, m, o, P sind ganze Zahlen ab Null, von denen mindestens eine eine ganze Zahl ab = ist.
- Diese Verbesserungsmittel können in jeder Mineralölfraktion angewendet werden, bei welcher eine Verbesserung der obengenannten Eigenschaften erwünscht ist.
- Die metallischen Substituenten bewirken insbesondere die Herabsetzung des Stockpunktes. Verbindungen oder Gemische der oben angegebenen allgemeinen Formeln können in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt werden, je nachdem, ob das Metall oder der Metallkomplex (Metalloxyd, Metallcarboxylat, Metall usw.) unmittelbar an den Arylkern gebunden ist, der den Paraffinsubstituenten trägt oder an den Kohlenwasserstoffsubstituenten gebunden ist, der seinerseits in den Arylkern eintritt. Dieser öllösliche Substituent bedingt auch neben der Erniedrigung des Stockpunktes die Lösungsfähigkeit der Verbindung oder Mischung im Mineralöl.
- Offenbar besteht hinsichtlich der Anzahl der Paraffinsubstituenten eine Grenze, unterhalb welcher die erfindungsgemäßen Zusätze nicht sofort in zähflüssigen Mineralölfraktionen löslich sind. Diese Anzahl der Paraffinsubstituenten für eine öllösliche@oder mit Öl mischbare metallorganische Verbindung kann in weiten Grenzen schwanken, je nachdem, ob der Arylring ein mono- oder polycyclischer Kern ist und ob der Ring andere Substituenten trägt, wie OH-, Alkoxy-, Aroxy-, Halogen-, Nitro-, Aminoradikale oder -gruppen.
- Als Paraffinsubstituent kommen besonders Erdwachse, aber auch langkettige, mindestens 2o C-Atome enthaltende aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen, wie Esterwachse, in Betracht.
- Als Aralkern kann man irgendeine mono- oder polycyclische Verbindung verwenden. Ebenso kommen substituierte oder nicht substituierte aromatische Verbindungen in Frage.
- Im allgemeinen kann das Salz jedes Metalls, wie Silber, Quecksilber, Blei, Thallium, Wismut, Kupfer, Kadmium, Arsen, Antimon, Zinn, Eisen, Kobalt, Nickel, Mangan, Barium, Calcium, Strontium, Magnesium, Natrium, Kalium, Lithium, Titan, Cer, Thorium, Venadin, Molybdän, Wolfram, Uran und Platin, verwendet werden.
- Die Produkte können in zähflüssigen Mineralölfraktionen in verschiedener Menge Anwendung finden. Der Zusatz schwankt von i/16 bis zu io Gewichtsprozent je nach der Art des Öles und der besonderen Verwendungszwecke. In der nachstehenden Tabelle sind aus der großen Anzahl der öllöslichen Paraffinarylmetallverbindungen einige herausgegriffen, die besonders sorgfältig in ihrer Wirkung untersucht wurden und nur als Beispiele gelten sollen: Natrium-, Kupfer-, Aluminium-, Zink-, Chrom-, Eisen-, Kobalt-, Mangan-, Calcium-, Magnesiuinsalz der Paraffinphenolcarbonsäure, Paraffinblei-, -zinn-, -aluminium-, -zink-, -calcium-, -natrium-, -kaliumphenolat, Paraffinnatrium - a- und -ß-naphtholat, Paraffinnatriumphenolatnatriumcarboxylatsalz; Paraffinkupferphenolatnatriumcarboxylatsalz, Paraffinkobaltphenolatmangancarboxylatsalz, Paraffinkobaltphenolatkobaltcarboxylatsalz, Parafflnzinnphenolatzinncarboxylatsalz, Paraffinzinnphenolatkobaltcarboxylatsalz, Paraffineisenphenolateisencarboxylatsalz, Zink- und Kobaltsalz der Paraffinphenylmethylcarboxyläthersäure, Dikobaltsalz der Dicarboxyparaffinphenolsäure, Kobaltsalz der Paraffinnaphthylstearinsäure, Kobaltsalz der Paraffinoxyphenylstearinsäure,Kobaltsalz derParaffinnaphthylbenzoesäure, Paraffinphenyhlatriumxanthogenat.
- Die Herstellung dieser Verbindungen kann nach den üblichen chemischen Verfahren z. B. durch Umsetzung nach Friedel-Crafts nach Grignard oder durch Kondensation erfolgen, wobei entsprechend der gewünschten Verbindung Chlorschwefelverbindungen, Merkaptan als Reaktionsteilnehmer verwendet werden können.
- Die eine oder die andere der genannten Verbindungen kann für bestimmte Mineralölfraktionen bevorzugt werden, je nachdem, welche Eigenschaften gefordert werden, aber alle Produkte wirken als Schmierölverbesserungsmittel, wenn sie auch im einzelnen hinsichtlich der Intensität der Wirkung etwas schwanken in Abhängigkeit von der Art des Schmieröles und seiner Zusammensetzung. Einige dieser Verbindungen oder Untergruppen dieser Verbindungen können auch vom Standpunkt der Wirtschaftlichkeit, der Einfachheit der Synthese, des Geruchs oder der Farbe Vorzüge vor anderen genießen, doch unterscheiden sie sich auch in dieser Hinsicht nicht weitgehend voneinander. Ausdrücklich soll noch betont werden, daß die Erfindung nicht auf die namentlich angeführten Beispiele beschränkt sein soll, sondern alle durch die Ansprüche umfaßten Verbindungen betrifft.
- Welche Mannigfaltigkeit von Verbindungen für den Gegenstand der Anmeldung in Betracht kommt, vermittelt die Tabelle, in welcher der mindestens 2o C-Atome enthaltende langkettige Paraffinrest der Formeln (I) und (II) mit P bezeichnet wird.
- Die einfachsten Verbindungen, welche unter die allgemeine Formel des Anspruchs 2 fallen und in denen nur ein Paraffinrest P - vorhanden ist, können durch die nachstehenden Formeln veranschaulicht werden, welche der Einfachheit wegen einen monocyclischen. Ring zeigen: Eine Verbindung, in welcher zwei einwertige P --Radikale vorhanden sind, wird durch die Formel (B) wiedergegeben: Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel des Anspruchs 2, in denen P - mehrwertig ist und nur ein mehrwertiges P - -Radikal vorhanden ist, können durch die Formel (C) veranschaulicht werden. Auch kann eine weitere Verkettung, z. B. wenn zwei mehrwertige P --Radikale vorhanden sind, durch die Formel (D) veranschaulicht werden: Ist nun der Arylkern polycyclisch, was sich leicht aus den Formeln (A) bis (D) ableiten läßt, so ist eine weitere Verkettung der P - -Radikale mit den Arylkernen möglich, was in der Formel (E) zum Ausdruck gebracht ist Die Zahl der P - -Radikale schwankt in dem Maße, in welchem einmal der Arylkern mit Paraffinresten substituiert ist, zum andern hängt diese Substitution auch davon ab, welche Eigenschaften das Produkt erhalten soll. Selbstverständlich ist die Zahl der Substituenten im Arylkern durch den ersetzbaren Wasserstoff begrenzt.
- Wie bereits in der Einleitung der Beschreibung zum Ausdruck gebracht ist, bietet die Herstellung dieser hier zur Verwendung kommenden metallorganischen Verbindungen als Zusatzmittel zu Schmiermitteln, um deren Eigenschaften zu verbessern, nichts Besonderes.
Claims (3)
- PATENTANSPRÜCHE: i. Verwendung von öllöslichen, metallhaltigen Arylverbindungen, die einen Arylkern mit langkettigem, mindestens 2o C-Atome aufweisendem Paraffinrest enthalten, als Zusatzmittel zu Schmierölen.
- 2. Verwendung von öllöslichen metallhaltigen Verbindungen nach Anspruch i der allgemeinen Formel in der der Arylkern aus der Gruppe der mono- und polycyclischen Aryl-, Aralkyl-, Oxyaryl-, Halogenäryl-, Aminoaryl-, Nitroaryl- und Diarylverbindungen sein kann. Hierin bedeutet: S einen aliphatischen Rest mit weniger als 2o C-Atomen, der durch O H, Alkoxy-, Aroxy-, Alkaryl-, Araryl-, Halogen-, Cyan-, Nitro-, Nitroso-, Amino-, Keto-, Ester-, Aldehyd-, Amid-, Thioamid- oder Thioaroxyradikale substituiert sein kann, Me ein Metalläquivalent, Z Sauerstoff und bzw. oder Schwefel (= X) Selen und bzw. oder Tellur (= X') oder die Radikale wobei R ein Alkyl- oder Arylradikal ist; n und b sind ganze Zahlen ab i, a ist Null oder eine ganze Zahl ab i, wobei im letzteren Fall a = b wird; c ist die Zahl der weder durch die langkettigen Paraffinreste noch durch die Gruppe ZaMeb abgesättigten Kernvalenzen.
- 3. Verwendung von öllöslichen metallhaltigen Verbindungen nach Anspruch i der allgemeinen Formel in der der Arylkern aus der Gruppe der hierfür im Anspruch 2 angegebenen Verbindungen sein kann und Me, X und X' die dort angegebene Bedeutung haben; Z' bedeutet die im Anspruch 2 für Z angegebenen Radikale abzüglich X und X'; n ist eine ganze Zahl ab i, m, o, P sind ganze Zahlen ab Null, von denen mindestens eine eine ganze Zahl ab i ist. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: Deutsche Patentschrift Nr. 669 401; britische Patentschriften Nr. 433 257, 509 097; USA.-Patentschriften Nr. 2 081 075, 2 125 305, 2 125 934, 2 125 935, 2 125 936; Diario Official vom 12.4. 1939 (brasilianische Patentanmeldung 22 669).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DES17499D DE951225C (de) | 1939-11-09 | 1939-11-09 | Zusatzmittel zu Schmieroelen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DES17499D DE951225C (de) | 1939-11-09 | 1939-11-09 | Zusatzmittel zu Schmieroelen |
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DE951225C true DE951225C (de) | 1956-10-25 |
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DES17499D Expired DE951225C (de) | 1939-11-09 | 1939-11-09 | Zusatzmittel zu Schmieroelen |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1126055B (de) * | 1958-03-14 | 1962-03-22 | Basf Ag | Schmiermittel auf Mineraloelbasis |
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GB433257A (en) * | 1934-04-07 | 1935-08-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Improvements relating to lubricating and like oils, and greases |
US2081075A (en) * | 1936-07-06 | 1937-05-18 | Sinclair Refining Co | Lubricating oil composition |
US2125305A (en) * | 1936-02-14 | 1938-08-02 | Sonneborn Sons Inc L | Lubricating oil |
US2125934A (en) * | 1936-03-03 | 1938-08-09 | Sonneborn Sons Inc L | Lubricating oil |
US2125935A (en) * | 1936-03-03 | 1938-08-09 | Sonneborn Sons Inc L | Lubricating oil |
US2125936A (en) * | 1936-03-03 | 1938-08-09 | Sonneborn Sons Inc L | Lubricating oil |
GB509097A (en) * | 1937-09-18 | 1939-07-11 | Bataafsche Petroleum | A process for the manufacture of lubricating oils |
-
1939
- 1939-11-09 DE DES17499D patent/DE951225C/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB433257A (en) * | 1934-04-07 | 1935-08-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Improvements relating to lubricating and like oils, and greases |
DE669401C (de) * | 1934-04-07 | 1938-12-23 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Schmieroel |
US2125305A (en) * | 1936-02-14 | 1938-08-02 | Sonneborn Sons Inc L | Lubricating oil |
US2125934A (en) * | 1936-03-03 | 1938-08-09 | Sonneborn Sons Inc L | Lubricating oil |
US2125935A (en) * | 1936-03-03 | 1938-08-09 | Sonneborn Sons Inc L | Lubricating oil |
US2125936A (en) * | 1936-03-03 | 1938-08-09 | Sonneborn Sons Inc L | Lubricating oil |
US2081075A (en) * | 1936-07-06 | 1937-05-18 | Sinclair Refining Co | Lubricating oil composition |
GB509097A (en) * | 1937-09-18 | 1939-07-11 | Bataafsche Petroleum | A process for the manufacture of lubricating oils |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1126055B (de) * | 1958-03-14 | 1962-03-22 | Basf Ag | Schmiermittel auf Mineraloelbasis |
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