DE69415613T2 - Elektrochirurgisches Klammergerät - Google Patents
Elektrochirurgisches KlammergerätInfo
- Publication number
- DE69415613T2 DE69415613T2 DE69415613T DE69415613T DE69415613T2 DE 69415613 T2 DE69415613 T2 DE 69415613T2 DE 69415613 T DE69415613 T DE 69415613T DE 69415613 T DE69415613 T DE 69415613T DE 69415613 T2 DE69415613 T2 DE 69415613T2
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- electrosurgical device
- cutting
- electrosurgical
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- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009297 electrocoagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
- A61B17/07207—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B17/115—Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1442—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
- A61B18/1445—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod
- A61B18/1447—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod wherein sliding surfaces cause opening/closing of the end effectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B17/115—Staplers for performing anastomosis in a single operation
- A61B17/1155—Circular staplers comprising a plurality of staples
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1402—Probes for open surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/00491—Surgical glue applicators
- A61B2017/00504—Tissue welding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00315—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for treatment of particular body parts
- A61B2018/00345—Vascular system
- A61B2018/00404—Blood vessels other than those in or around the heart
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
- A61B2018/00601—Cutting
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Massaging Devices (AREA)
Description
- Diese Erfindung betrifft ein Instrument zur Anwendung einer Klammereinrichtung sowie bipolarer Energie zur Kauterisation, Koagulation und/oder Gewebeverbindung oder -verschweißung bei der Durchführung chirurgischer Eingriffe.
- Chirurgische Eingriffe, welche das Schneiden von Gewebe erfordern, können an der Schnittstelle eine Blutung auslösen. Bevor die Chirurgen Mittel zur Steuerung der Blutung hatten, waren viele chirurgische Eingriffe wegen übermäßigen Blutverlustes schwierig durchführbar. Bei der endoskopischen oder laparoskopischen Chirurgie ist die Blutstillung sogar entscheidender, weil die Laparoskopie abgebrochen werden muß, wenn man die Blutung nicht unter Kontrolle bekommt und der Körper des Patienten aufgeschnitten werden muß, um in offener Chirurgie zu arbeiten, so daß die unvermeidliche Blutung gesteuert werden kann.
- Es sind daher verschiedene Verfahren mit unterschiedlichem Erfolg entwickelt worden, um Blutungen unter Kontrolle zu bringen, wie beispielsweise Nähen, Anbringen von Klemmen und Klammern an Blutgefäßen sowie auch monopolare oder bibolare Elektrokaustik und andere thermische Prozesse. Fortschritte bei der Verbindung von Geweben, bei der Gewebereparatur sowie beim Wundverschluß haben ebenfalls chirurgische Eingriffe ermöglicht, die zuvor nicht möglich oder zu gefährlich waren.
- Anfangs war das Nähen eines der Hauptverfahren, um die Blutstillung und die Verbindung von Gewebe zu erreichen. Bevor andere Blutstillungs- und Gewebeverbindungsverfahren eingeführt wurden, haben die Chirurgen einen Großteil der Zeit dem Zusammennähen des Gewebes des Patienten widmen müssen.
- Chirurgische Klemmen wurden als Mittel zum Verschließen offener Blutgefäße eingeführt, insbesondere beim Schneiden von Gewebe, das von vielen Gefäßen durchzogen wird. Bei bestimmten Eingriffen kann die Anbringung chirurgischer Klemmen sehr mühsam sein. Die Gefäße müssen identifiziert werden. Dann muß die Klemme an jedem identifizierten Gefäß zu beiden Seiten des Schnittes angebracht werden. Es kann auch Schwierigkeiten geben, einige Gefäße zu finden, insbesondere, wenn das Gefäß von Fettgewebe umgeben ist.
- Chirurgische Klammergeräte haben sich als wirksam erwiesen, um den Zeitaufwand beim Verbinden von Gewebeteilen miteinander zu vermindern. Es gibt verschiedene Arten chirurgischer Klammergeräte. Klammergeräte sind bisher zur Verbindung von Gewebe und zur Blutstillung in Verbindung mit Gewebeschnitten verwendet worden. Solche Einrichtungen umfassen beispielsweise Linear- und Rund-Schneidinstrumente sowie Klammerinstrumente. Typische Linear-Schneidinstrumente haben zwei parallele Reihen von Klammern mit einem Schlitz für die Schneideinrichtung, damit diese zwischen den Reihen der Klammern bewegt werden kann. Dieser Typ chirurgischer Klammergeräte sichert das Gewebe für einen besseren Schnitt, hält Schichten des Gewebes zusammen und bewirkt die Blutstillung durch Anbringung paralleler Reihen von Klammern an den Schichten des umgebenden Gewebes, wenn zwischen den parallelen Reihen mittels der Schneideinrichtung der Schnitt geführt wird. Diese Typen von Schnitt- und Klammervorrichtungen sind bei Eingriffen erfolgreich angewandt worden, bei denen fleischartige Gewebe beteiligt ist, beispielsweise Muskeln oder Därme, insbesondere bei der Resektion von Darmteilen. Rundschneid- und Klammervorrichtungen sind beispielsweise erfolgreich bei Anastomose-Eingriffen angewandt worden, bei denen ein Hohlraum wieder verschlossen wird. Jedoch hat ein Gewebe nicht immer die gleiche Dicke zum Klammern, so daß insbesondere bei dickerem Gewebe die Klammern die Blutgefäße nicht vollständig zusammenzudrücken vermögen. Auch kann es wegen der Empfindlichkeit einiger Gewebe unerwünscht sein, das Gewebe mittels Klammern vollständig zusammenzudrücken, um eine vollständige Blutstillung zu erreichen.
- Es ist daher erwünscht, durch chirurgisches Klammern zu einer verbesserten Blutstillung zu gelangen.
- Es ist daher eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine verbesserte Klammervorrichtung zu schaffen, welche bipolare Energie nutzt, um die Blutstillung zu unterstützen sowie um Gewebe zu verbinden bzw. zu verschweißen. Eine weitere Aufgabe ist es, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die in Bereichen oder längs relativ dicker Gewebe benutzt werden kann.
- Eine andere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Elektro- Kauterisationsvorrichtung mit langgestreckten oder Stabelektroden zu schaffen.
- Es ist auch eine Aufgabe, eine Schneid- und Klammervorrichtung mit einer Elektro-Kauterisations-Einrichtung zu schaffen, um Gewebe seitlich von einer Schnittlinie oder -bahn zu verschweißen oder zu kauterisieren.
- Diese und andere Aufgaben der Erfindung werden durch eine elekrochirurgische Klammereinrichtung erfüllt, wie sie in Anspruch 1 sowie in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben ist.
- Ein elektrochirurgisches Instrument einer ersten Ausführungsform preßt das Gewebe in einer Kompressionszone zwischen einer ersten Anlagefläche und einer zweiten Anlagefläche zusammen und führt der Kompressionszone elektrische Energie zu. Die erste Anlagefläche umfaßt: einen ersten Pol einer bipolaren Energiequelle, welcher am zusammengepreßten Gewebe in der Kompressionszone anliegt sowie einen auf der entgegengesetzten Anlagefläche gelegenen zweiten Pol.
- Bei einer Ausführungsform ist die Kompressionszone ein Bereich, der durch eine Kompressionserhebung auf einer der Anlageflächen definiert wird, welche das Gewebe gegen die andere Anlagefläche preßt. Es kann sich auch auf beiden Anlageflächen eine Kompressionserhebung befinden. Die Koagulationszone wird durch die Wärme bestimmt, die sich infolge des zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Pol durch das Gewebe fließenden Stromes im anliegenden Gewebe ausbreitet.
- Es wird angenommen, daß die Kompression des Gewebes dessen Impedanz normalisiert, indem Strukturunterschiede im Gewebe vermindert werden, welche Impedanzdifferenzen hervorrufen. Die Kompression stoppt auch im wesentlichen die Blutströmung und quetscht das Blut heraus, das ansonsten als eine Wärmesenke wirkt, insbesondere, wenn es durch Blutgefäße strömt. Daher optimiert die Kompression die Energiezufuhr zum Gewebe teilweise dadurch, daß die zugeführte Leistung die infolge der Blutströmung abgeführte Leistung übersteigt. Die Anordnung der Elektroden ist wichtig, um sicherzustellen, daß der zwischen zwei Elektroden fließende Strom durch die Kompressionszone verläuft.
- Vorzugsweise wird die Kompression durch den End-Manipulator gegenüber der Verursachung nicht akzeptabler Schäden des Gewebes infolge übermäßiger Kompression abgewogen. Der Spalt zwischen den Anlageflächen, welche die Kompressionszone begrenzen, kann in Abhängigkeit von der beabsichtigten Anwendung des Instrumentes oder von der Dicke des Gewebes, wo dasselbe angeleget werden soll, variiert werden.
- Bei einigen Eingriffen kann das Gewebe unter Druck nicht nur durch den End-Manipulator sondern auch durch die Klammern leicht verletzt werden. Beispielsweise kann Lungengewebe ein solche empfindliches Verhalten zeigen. Daher ist es bei solchen Gewebetypen angeraten, daß die Gewebekompression durch Erfassen des Gewebes mit dem End-Manipulator oder beim Klammern auf einem Minimum gehalten wird. Unter diesen Umständen kann das Klammern die Blutgefäße, bei denen Blutstillung gewünscht wird, nicht vollständig zusammendrücken. Die vorliegende Erfindung ist für die Anwendung unter solchen Bedingungen besonders geeignet. Die Vorrichtung nach der vorliegenden Erfindung ist auch für den Einsatz an dickerem Gewebe geeignet, beispielswei se an dickem Mesenterium-Gewebe, das typischerweise etwa 2 mm bis 5 mm dick ist. Bei dieser Art Gewebe beträgt der Spalt zwischen den Klemmbacken vorzugsweise etwa 1,5 mm bis 2 mm.
- Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfaßt die elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung einen ersten Pol, welcher seinerseits mindestens eine erste Elektrode umfaßt sowie einen zweiten Pol, der mindestens eine zweite Elektrode umfaßt, wobei sich die mindestens eine erste Elektrode und die mindestens eine zweite Elektrode überlappen, d. h., daß der gleiche Teil der elektrisch leitfähigen Oberflächen der Pole eine Ebene, die den Elektroden beider Pole gemeinsam ist, senkrecht durchdringt. Diese Ausfübrungsform ist besonders geeignet zur Steuerung der Koagulationszone und der Gewebe-Impedanzen, insbesondere in dickem oder wenig zusammengepreßtem Gewebe, welches höhere oder sehr ungleichmäßige Gewebe-Impedanzen hat. Die vorliegende Erfindung sieht auch eine Vorrichtung vor, welche eine Linie oder einen Pfad von Gewebe seitlich von einer Schnittlinie oder eines Schnittpfades zu koagulieren vermag, wobei auf einer oder beiden Seiten der Schnittlinie oder des Schnittpfades eine Klammereinrichtung vorgesehen ist. Bei einer Ausführungsform umfaßt der erste Pol eine langgestreckte Elektrode. Die langgestreckte Elektrode bildet entlang eines benachbarten Isolators eine Erhebung, um das kauterisierende Gewebe zusammenzudrücken.
- Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform wird die Koagulation vor jeglichem mechanischen Schnitt, d. h. vor der Betätigung von Schneideinrichtungen abgeschlossen. Es kann eine Anzeigevorrichtung verwendet werden, um dem Benutzer mitzuteilen, daß das Gewebe in einem gewünschten oder vorgegebenen Grade kauterisiert worden ist. Nachdem das Gewebe kauterisiert ist, kann die Schneideinrichtung betätigt werden, um zwischen den parallelen Stäben zu schneiden, während im Gewebe Reihen von Klammern angebracht werden. Natürlich kann das Schneiden zu jeder Zeit, vor, während oder nach der Kauterisierung oder dem Verschweißen erfolgen.
- Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform ist die Blutstillungseinrichtung ähnlich einer mechanischen Linearschnitt-Klammereinrichtung in eine Linearschnitteinrichtung eingebaut. Bei dieser Ausführungsform umfaßt die Blutstillungseinrichtung zwei parallele und verbundene, langgestreckte Elektrodenstäbe, welche einen Pol bilden, und zwischen den Stäben befindet sich eine Schneideinrichtung zur Bewegung zwischen den Stäben. Fakultativ können auf jeder Seite des Schlitzes und der Stäbe eine oder mehrere Reihen von Klammern vorgesehen werden, um eine zusätzliche Blutstillung zu erreichen. Bei Betätigung wird das Gewebe zwischen die beiden Backen geklemmt. Elektrische Energie, vorzugsweise Hochfreguenzenergie, wird an das zusammenge drückte Gewebe angelegt, um die Blutgefäße entlang der beiden parallelen Stäbe zu kauterisieren.
- In entsprechender Weise sieht eine andere Ausführungsform eine Gewebeschweiß- und Kauterisierungsvorrichtung ähnlich einer Intraluminar-Klammervorrichtung vor. Vorzugsweise sind die Pole als zwei konzentrische Ringe ausgebildet und liegen einander auf Magazin- und Amboß-Anlageflächen gegenüber.
- Eine andere Ausführungsform sieht Einrichtungen zur Feststellung anomaler Impedanzen oder anderer elektrischer Parameter, welche außerhalb eines vorgegebenen Bereiches liegen, vor. Beispielsweise können diese Einrichtungen verwendet werden, um anzuzeigen, wenn das Instrument an Gewebe angelegt wird, welches Impedanzen außerhalb des Bereiches für eine beabsichtigte gute Koagulation aufweist. Sie können auch zur Feststellung anderer abnormer Zustände des Instrumentes benutzt werden. Es ist auch möglich, einen abnormen Zustand beispielsweise durch Vergleiche normaler Bereiche ursprünglicher Gewebe-Impedanzen in einer Schnittstellen-Elektronik festzustellen. Dieser könnte in den ersten Millisekunden der Anwendung der HF- Energie abgetastet werden und würde noch nicht zur Anwendung einer therapeutisch signifikanten Energiedosis führen. Es kann eine Warneinrichtung verwendet werden, um den Benutzer zu warmen, wenn die Impedanz außerhalb des Bereiches liegt. Nach der Neupositionierung des Instrumentes könnten die gleichen Meßkriterien erneut angelegt werden, und wenn die Gewebe- Impedanz erneut außerhalb des Bereiches läge, würde der Benutzer wiederum gewarnt. Dieser Vorgang könnte fortgesetzt werden, bis ein normale Impedanzbereich festgestellt und eine gute Koagulation erwartet werden kann. Diese und andere Aufgaben der Erfindung werden aus der beigefügten detaillierten Beschreibung der Zeichnungen besser verständlich, wenn sie zusammen mit der detaillierten Beschreibung der Erfindung betrachtet werden.
- Fig. 1 ist eine Seitenansicht eines endoskopischen linearen Elektro- Kauterisations-Klammer- und -Schneidinstrumentes in einer Ausfübrungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung.
- Fig. 2 ist eine Schnittansicht des Instrumentes von Fig. 1.
- Fig. 3 ist eine teilweise Schnittansicht des distalen Endes des Instrumentes von Fig. 1 in einer offenen Stellung.
- Fig. 4 ist eine teilweise Schnittansicht des distalen Endes des Instrumentes von Fig. 1 in einer geschlossenen, nicht ausgelösten Stellung.
- Fig. 5 ist eine teilweise Schnittansicht des distalen Endes des Instrumentes von Fig. 1 in einer geschlossenen, ausgelösten Stellung.
- Fig. 6 ist eine Ansicht eines Stirnseiten-Schnittes des distalen Endes des Instrunentes von Fig. 4 entlang der Linie 6-6.
- Fig. 7 ist eine Ansicht nur des Amboß-Klemmbackens des Instrumentes von Fig. 1 von unten.
- Fig. 8 ist eine Ansicht nur des Magazins des Instrumentes von Fig. 1 von oben.
- Fig. 9 ist eine Seitenansicht eines Schnittes des Klemmbackens von Fig. 7 entlang der Linie 9-9.
- Fig. 10 ist ein Flußdiagramm eines Rückmeldesystems der vorliegenden Erfindung.
- Fig. 11 ist eine Ansicht des Ambosses einer anderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung von unten.
- Fig. 12 ist eine Draufsicht auf das Magazin einer Rund-Schneideinrichtung der vorliegenden Erfindung.
- Fig. 13 ist eine Ansicht des Ambosses einer Rund-Schneideinrichtung der vorliegenden Erfindung von unten.
- Es wird auf die Fig. 1 bis 9 Bezug genommen, wo eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung dargestellt ist. Es ist ein endoskopisches Elektro-Kauterisations-Linearschnitt- und -Klammerinstrument 10 dargestellt mit einem Grundkörper 16, der mit einem Schaft 30 verbunden ist, durch den hindurch sich ein Hohlraum erstreckt. Am distalen Ende 21 des Schaftes 30 befindet sich ein End-Manipulator 50. Der Schaft 30 besteht aus einem isolierenden Material und hat eine elektrisch leitende Hülse 38, die sich durch seinen Hohlraum erstreckt. Ein Kanal 39, der sich durch die Hülse 38 erstreckt, führt die koaxiale Bewegung einer Schubeinrichtung 44 innerhalb dieses Kanals 39 aus. Bei dieser speziellen Ausführungsform weist die Schubeinrichtung 44 einen am Grundkörper 16 angebrachten Auslöser 14 auf, der an einen flexiblen Auslösestab 40 gekoppelt ist. Dieser ist an einen Auslösestab 41 und letzterer wiederum an einen Block 43 gekoppelt. Der Block 43 wiederum ist an eine Schneideinrichtung 11 sowie an einen Klammer- Vorschubkeil 13 gekoppelt, welchen die Schubeinrichtung 44 über den Block 43 in den End-Manipulator 50 vorschiebt.
- Der End-Manipulator 50 umfaßt zwei Anlage-Klemmbackenelemente 32 und 34. Der End-Manipulator 50 ist über das Klemmbackenelement 34 am Kanal 39 befestigt. Das Klemmbackenelement 32 ist beweglich am Klemmbackenelement 34 befestigt. Der Grundkörper 16 hat einen Klemmauslöser 12 zum Schließen der Klemmbacken 32 und 34, welcher einen am proximalen Ende der Hülse 38 angekoppelten Schließkörper 45 vorschiebt. Der Schließkörper 38 schiebt die Hülse 38 koaxial durch den Schaft 30 vor. Die Hülse 38 gleitet über eine Nockenfläche 27 des Klemmbackens 32, um die Klemmbacken 32 und 33 um das zwischen ihnen befindliche Gewebe zu schließen. Wie nachfolgend mit weiteren Einzelheiten beschrieben werden wird, wirkt der Schließkörper 45 auch als Schalter zum Schließen des Stromkreises, der elektrische Energie zum End-Manipulator 50 leitet.
- Bezugnehmend auf die Fig. 3 bis 9 wird nun der End-Manipulator 50 des Instrumentes 10 dargestellt. Die Klemmbackenelemente 32 und 34 sind in Fig. 3 in ungeklemmter Stellung, in Fig. 4 in einer geklemmten, nicht ausgelösten Stellung und in Fig. 5 in einer geklemmten ausgelösten Stellung dargestellt. Das Klemmbackenelement 32 umfaßt einen Amboß 18, einen U- förmigen ersten Pol 52, der sich in bezug auf den Klemmbacken 32 in Längsrichtung erstreckt sowie einen U-förmigen Isolierkörper 55, der die Außenseite des ersten Poles 52 umgibt. Das Klemmbackenelement 32 hat eine Innenfläche 33, welche der Innenfläche 35 des Klemmbackens 34 zugewandt ist. Die Innenfläche 33 weist einen ersten Pol 52 auf, welcher zwei elektrisch leitende Elektrodenstäbe 53 und 54 aus rostfreiem Stahl umfaßt, die sich im wesentlichen entlang der Längsrichtung der Innenfläche 33 erstrecken. Die Stäbe 53 und 54 sind durch einen Messerkanal 42 getrennt, der sich längs durch die Mitte des ersten Poles erstreckt, um dadurch dessen U-Form zu bilden. Die Oberfläche der Stäbe ist in flachen Streifen ausgebildet, damit sich eine größere Kontaktfläche mit dem Gewebe ergibt. Zwei Reihen von Taschen 36 und 37 sind im Amboß 18 angeordnet, um die Klammerenden aufzunehmen. Sie erstrecken sich auf der Innenfläche 33 jeweils seitlich längs und außerhalb der Stäbe 53 und 54. Die Elektrodenstäbe 53 und 54 sowie der Isolierkörper 55 bilden eine Erhebung 56, die sich relativ zum Amboßteil 33a der Innenfläche 33 heraushebt (Fig. 6). Der Amboß 18 besteht aus einem elektrisch nichtleitenden Material. Ein zweiter Pol 51 ist den Elektrodenstäben 53 und 54 gegenüber auf dem Klemmbacken 34 angeordnet.
- Das Klemmbackenelement 34 umfaßt einen Magazintunnel 22 und ein Magazin 23. Das Magazin 23 weist einen Kanal 25 für den Keil 13, einen Messerkanal 26, der sich in der Mitte des Magazins 23 längs durch dieses hindurch erstreckt, eine Reihe von Schiebern 24, die sich in den Kanal hinein erstrecken sowie Klammern 100 auf, die in zwei Sätzen von Doppelreihen angeordnet sind. Wenn Gewebe zwischen den Klemmbacken 32 und 34 erfaßt wird, kann die Schubeinrichtung 44 durch den Auslöser 14 betätigt oder ausgelöst werden, um die Schneideinrichtung 11 und den Keil 13 durch das erfaßte Gewebe vorzuschieben und das Gewebe zu klammern und zu schneiden. Wenn der Auslösemechanismus 14 betätigt und der Keil 13 im Kanal 25 vorgeschoben wird, werden die Schieber 24 zu einer Bewegung zu den Klammern 100 hin veranlaßt, wodurch die Klammern 100 durch das Gewebe hindurch in die Amboßtaschen 36 und 37 geschoben werden.
- Ein Spalt-Stift 29 ist auf der Innenseite 33 zur Spitze des Ambosses 18 hin gerichtet angeordnet und paßt sich in einen Spalt 28 ein, welcher auf der Innenfläche 35 des Magazins 23 ausgebildet ist. Der Spalt 28 und der Spalt-Stift 29 dienen zum Ausrichten der Messerkanäle 42 und 26 untereinander sowie zum Ausrichten der Klammern 100 gegenüber den Taschen 36 und 37.
- Ein am distalen Ende des Grundkörpers 16 angeordneter Knopf 15 dreht den Knopf 30, die Hülse 38, den Kanal 39 sowie den End-Manipulator 50, welche alle direkt oder indirekt an den Knopf 15 gekoppelt sind, so daß der Knopf 15 zur Dreheinstellung der Klemmbacken 32 und 34 des End-Manipulators benutzt werden kann.
- Dem End-Manipulator 50 wird von einem Elektrochirurgie-Generator 60 über Leitungen 19 und 20, die sich in den Grundkörper 16 des Instrumentes hinein erstrecken, bipolare Energie zugeführt. Der Generator 60 wird vom Benutzer mittels eines Fußschalters 65 gesteuert.
- Die Leitung 19, welche dem ersten Pol Energie zuführt, ist über einen Draht oder eine andere elektrische Kontakteinrichtung 61 mit einem elektrischen Kontakt 62 verbunden, welcher am distalen Ende des Schließkörpers 45 angeordnet ist. Die Leitung 20, welche den Strom zum entgegengesetzten Pol zuführt, ist über einen Draht oder eine andere elektrische Kontakteinrichtung 66 mit einem Scheibenkontakt 67 verbunden, welcher am distalen Ende des Schließkörpers 45 angeordnet und vom Kontakt 62 elektrisch isoliert ist.
- Ein dem ersten Pol 52 zugeordneter Scheibenkontakt 63, welcher am distalen Ende des Grundkörpers 16 angeordnet ist, hat elektrischen Kontakt zu einem Draht oder einer anderen Kontakteinrichtung 64. Die Kontakteinrichtung 64 erstreckt sich durch den Kanal 39 zum End-Manipulator-Klemmbacken 32, wo sie mit dem ersten Pol 52 Kontakt hat. Der Scheibenkontakt 63 gestattet eine Drehung des Knopfes 15, wobei der Kontakt zwischen dem Scheibenkontakt 63 und der Kontakteinrichtung 64 aufrechterhalten bleibt. Die Kontakteinrichtung 64 ist von der Hülse 38 elektrisch isoliert.
- Wenn der Klemmauslöser 12 betätigt wird, bewegt sich der Schließkörper 45 in distaler Richtung, so daß der dem ersten Pol zugeordnete Kontakt 62 elektrische Verbindung mit dem Scheibenkontakt 63 erhält, und der dem zweiten Pol 51 zugeordnete Scheibenkontakt 67 erhält elektrischen Kontakt mit der elektrisch leitfähigen Hülse 38. Die Hülse 38 bewegt sich über die elektrisch nichtleitende Nockenfläche 27 und steht mit dem elektrisch leitenden Magazintunnel 22 im Kontakt. Der Magazintunnel 22 steht mit dem zweiten Pol 51 in elektrischer Verbindung, welcher die zum ersten Pol entgegengesetzte Polarität hat. Daher wird der elektrische Stromkreis nur geschlossen, wenn der Klemmauslöser 12 geschlossen wird.
- In Funktion wird der End-Manipulator 50 des Instrumentes auf der Gewebestelle angeordnet, wo das Gewebe geschnitten werden soll. Die Klemmbackenelementen 32 und 34 werden durch Drücken des Löseknopfes 70, welcher eine Knopf-Feder 71 löst und eine Bewegung des. Schließkörpers 45 in proximaler Richtung gestattet, geöffnet. Das Gewebe wird dann zwischen den inneren Anlageflächen 33 und 35 bzw. den Klemmbackenelementen 32 und 34 plaziert. Der Klemmauslöser 12 wird gedrückt, um die Hülse 38 zur Bewegung über die Nockenfläche 27 zu veranlassen und dadurch die Klemmbacken 32 und 34 und zugleich den elektrischen Stromkreis, wie oben beschrieben, zu schließen. Der Spalt-Abstandshalter-Stift 29 veranlaßt den Amboß 18 grob zu einer Parallelstellung zum Magazin 23. Die Elektrodenstäbe 53 und 54 sowie das Isoliermaterial 55, welche zusammen die Erhebung 56 bilden, drücken das Gewebe gegen die Innenfläche 35 des Klemmbackenelementes 34, wo sich die Gegenelektrode 51 befindet. In der Kompressionszone ergibt sich zwischen den Klemmbackenelementen ein Spalt von 1,5 mm bis 2 mm. Der Anwender legt dann unter Benutzung des Fußschalters 65 oder eines anderen Schalters HF-Energie vom Generator 60 an. Zwischen dem zweiten Pol 51 und den Stäben 53 und 54 des ersten Poles 52 fließt nun Strom durch das zusammengedrückte Gewebe. Die bipolare Energiequelle ist eine Hochfrequenzquelle niederer Impedanz von etwa 300 kHz bis 3 MHz. Der an das Gewebe gelieferte Strom liegt im Bereich zwischen 0,1 A und 1,5 A, die Spannung liegt zwischen 30 V und 200 V quadratischer Mittelwert.
- Es kann ein akustisches, sichtbares, tastbares oder anderes Rückmeldesystem verwendet werden, um anzuzeigen, wenn eine ausreichende Kauterisiening stattgefunden hat und an welchem Punkt die HF-Energie abgeschaltet werden kann. Ein Beispiel für ein solches Rückmeldesystem wird nachfolgend beschrieben. Nachdem die HF-Energie ausgeschaltet ist, wird die Schneideinrichtung 11 vorgeschoben und die Klammern 100 werden unter Nutzung des Auslösers 14 ausgelöst. Das Auslösen wird durch Drehen des Auslösers 14, der als Hebelarm um einen Schwenkpunkt 14a wirkt, beendet. Die Schubeinrichtung 44 schiebt die Schneideinrichtung 11 und den Keil 13 vor. Die Schneideinrichtung 11 schneidet das Gewebe zwischen den Stäben 53 und 54, wo es kauterisiert worden ist. Somit befindet sich die Schnittlinie seitlich von den durch die Stabelektroden geformten Koagulationslinien. Der Keil 13 schiebt die Schieber 24 gleichzeitig in die Klammern 100 und veranlaßt diese zur Auslösung durch das Gewebe hindurch in die Taschen 36 und 37 des Ambosses 18. Die Klammern 100 werden in zwei doppelten Längsreihen zu beiden Seiten der Schneideinrichtung 11 angebracht, wenn diese das Gewebe schneidet. Die Wirkungsweise von Linear-Klammervorrichtungen ist der Fachwelt bekannt und beispielsweise in den US-Patenten Nr. 4.608.981, 4.633.874, 5.332.142, 5.307.976 und 5.485.947 beschrieben.
- Bei einer Ausführungsform gestattet das Magazin eine Mehrfach- Klammerauslösung durch Ersetzen der Doppelreihe von Klammern durch eine Einzelreihe. Bei den derzeit üblichen laparoskopischen Klammer- und Schneidvorrichtungen wird ein auswechselbares Einzelauslöse-Magazin verwendet. Um eine bessere Blutstillung zu erzielen, wurde diese Art von Klammervorrichtung so konstruiert, daß in jeder parallelen Reihe eine Doppelreihe von Klammern möglich ist. Wegen der Größe und des zur Aufnahme der Doppelreihe von Klammern erforderlichen Platzes wird kein wiederauslösbares Magazin mit gestapelten Klammern bevorzugt. Bei der Mehrfachauslösungs- Ausführungsform wird eine einzelne Reihe von Klammern angewandt. Die Anwendung der einzelnen Reihe von Klammern gestattet das Stapeln der Klammern in dem zuvor von der zweiten Reihe von Klammern beanspruchten Platz, so daß eine Mehrfachauslösungs-Möglichkeit geschaffen wird. Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind keine Klammern erforderlich und der elektrische Strom sorgt für die notwendige Blutstillung.
- Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist ein Rückmeldesystem auf, um anzuzeigen, wenn ein gewünschter oder der vorgegebene Grad der Koagulation erfolgt ist. Dies ist besonders nützlich, wenn die Koagulationszone für den Benutzer nicht sichtbar ist. Bei einer speziellen Ausführungsform mißt das Rückmeldesystem die elektrischen Parameter des Systems, welche den Grad der Koagulation anzeigen.
- Das Rückmeldesystem kann auch Gewebeeigenschaften in der oder in der Nähe der Koagulationszone feststellen, welche den Grad der Koagulation anzeigen. Die elektrische Impedanz des Gewebes, an das die elektrische Energie angelegt wird, kann auch zur Anzeige der Koagulation genutzt werden. Beim Anlegen von Energie an das Gewebe wird die Impedanz zunächst abnehmen und dann beim Auftreten der Koagulation ansteigen. Ein Beispiel der Beziehungen zwischen der Gewebe-Impedanz über der Zeit und der Koagulation ist beschrieben in dem Aufsatz von Vaellfors, Bertil und Bergdahl, Bjoern, "Automatically controlled Bipolar Electrocoagulation", Neurosurg. Rev., S. 187-190 (1984). Auch beim Auftreten von Entwässerung nimmt die Impedanz zu. Eine Verkohlung des Gewebes oder ein Ankleben am Instrunent als ein Ergebnis der übermäßigen Anwendung von Hochspannung können vermieden werden, wenn ein Rückmeldesystem verwandt wird, das auf den Gewebe-Impedanz- Eigenschaften beruht. Andere Beispiele von Gewebeeigenschaften, welche die Koagulation anzeigen können, sind Temperatur und Lichtreflektion.
- Bezugnehmend auf Fig. 10 zeigt ein Flußdiagramm ein Rückmeldesystem, das in eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung eingebaut ist. Zuerst wird Energie an das Gewebe angelegt. Dann werden Strom und Spannung am Gewebe bestimmt. Der Impedanzwert wird berechnet und gespeichert. Auf der Grundlage einer Funktion der Impedanz, welche beispielsweise die Impedanz, die Änderung der Impedanz und/oder die Geschwindigkeit der Impedanzänderung sein kann, wird festgestellt, ob die gewünschte Koagulation stattgefunden hat. Wenn eine Koagulation im gewünschten Umfang stattgefunden hat, zeigt eine Anzeigevorrichtung an, daß die Energie abgeschaltet werden sollte. Eine solche Anzeige kann durch sichtbares Licht oder durch einen hörbaren Ton erfolgen. Die Rückmelde-Einrichtung kann auch den Generator steuern und bei einem bestimmten Impedanzwert den Generator ausschalten. Eine alternative Ausführungsform sieht einen ständig hörbaren Ton vor, wobei sich dieser in Abhängigkeit vom Impedanzwert ändert. Ein zusätzliches Merkmal sieht eine Fehleranzeige-Einrichtung vor, um einen Fehler oder eine Instrumenten-Fehlfunktion anzuzeigen, wenn die Impedanz unter einem normalen Minimalwert und/oder oberhalb eines Maximalbereiches liegt.
- Fig. 11 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform. Die Pole 151 und 152 sind entsprechend Fig. 6 angeordnet, aber bei jedem Pol ist eine Reihe elektrisch verbundener Elektroden entlang des Messerkanales aufgereiht, wobei sich zwischen den aufgereihten Elektroden Isoliermaterial befindet. Der Messerkanal 142 trennt die Pole 151 und 152 in zwei langgestreckte Reihen von Elektroden.
- Die Fig. 11 und 12 zeigen eine Rundschneid-Einrichtung nach der vorliegenden Erfindung mit Klammereinrichtung. Fig. 12 zeigt das Klammermagazin 200 mit einer Anlagefläche 233. Eine doppelte Reihe von Klammeröffnungen 201, durch welche die Klammern in das Gewebe geschoben werden, ist am Außenumfang der Fläche 232 angeordnet. Ein erster Pol 252 umgibt den Innenumfang der Fläche 233. Ein Rundschneidmesser 211 ist im Magazin 200 vom Innenumfang der Fläche 233 radial nach innen gelegen vertieft angeordnet.
- Fig. 13 zeigt einen Amboß 218 mit einem zweiten Pol 251, der dem ersten Pol 252 gegenüberliegt. Ein Isolator 255 auf dem Magazin 200 isoliert den ersten Pol 252 vom zweiten Pol 252. Der Amboß 218 weist Taschen 237 zur Aufnahme der Klammern sowie eine Kompressions-Erhebung 256 auf, um das Gewebe gegen den ersten Pol 252 und die Isolierkörper 255 des Magazins zu driicken. Die Rundschneid-Einrichtung wird in entsprechender Weise betätigt, wie die im US-Patent-Nr. 5.104.025 beschriebene Rundklammer-Einrichtung. Vor dem Klammern und Schneiden kann jedoch zwischen dem ersten Pol 252 und dem zweiten Pol 251 ein elektrischer Strom durch das Gewebe geleitet werden, um dasselbe zu verschweißen.
- Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform kann die Rundschneid-Einrichtung auch ohne Klammern verwendet werden. Der elektrische Strom wird durch die Pole zugeliefert, um das Gewebe zu verschweißen und zu koagulieren, dann kann das Messer vorgeschoben werden, um das Gewebe bei einem Eingriff, wie beispielsweise der Anastomose zu schneiden.
- Es sind verschiedene Varianten dieser Erfindung in Verbindung mit speziellen Ausführungsformen zum endoskopischen Schneiden und Klammern beschrieben worden. Natürlich kann die Erfindung bei zahlreichen Anwendungsfällen eingesetzt werden, wo Blutstillung erforderlich ist. Demzufolge ist es für den Fachmann selbstverständlich, daß zahlreiche Änderungen und Abwandlungen an der Erfindung vorgenommen werden können, ohne ihren Schutzumfang zu verlassen, wie er durch die folgenden Ansprüche einschließlich äquivalenter Ausführungsformen definiert ist.
Claims (32)
1. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) mit einem End-Manipulator (50), wobei
dieser End-Manipulator (50) umfaßt:
eine erste und eine zweite Anlagefläche (33, 35), die einander gegenüber liegen
und sich an dazwischen liegendes Gewebe anzulegen vermögen, wobei der Manipulator
(50) zum Empfang bipolarer Energie eingerichtet ist,
einen ersten und einen zweiten elektrisch isolierten Pol (52, 51) mit elektrisch
entgegengesetzten Elektroden zum Durchleiten der bipolaren Energie, dadurch
gekennzeichnet, daß der Manipulator (50) weiterhin umfaßt:
eine Klammereinrichtung zum Klammern des Gewebes, welches durch die
Anlageflächen (33, 35) erfaßt wird,
wobei der erste Pol (52) in einem elektrisch isolierten Teil (55) der ersten
Anlagefläche enthalten und der zweite Pol (51) auf mindestens einer der ersten und zweiten
Anlageflächen (33, 35) gelegen ist, so daß die bipolare Energie zwischen den Polen (52, 51)
durch das von den Anlageflächen (33, 35) erfaßte Gewebe geleitet werden kann.
2. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher ein Teil
mindestens einer der ersten und zweiten Anlagefläche (33, 35) eine Erhebung zur Bildung einer
Gewebe-Kompressionszone zwischen der ersten und zweiten Anlagefläche (33, 35)
aufweist.
3. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, bei welcher der erste und
zweite Pol (52, 51) derart angeordnet sind, daß in der Kompressionszone eine Koagulation
erfolgt, wenn zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Pol (52, 51) ein Strom fließt.
4. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 2, bei welcher ein Teil der
ersten Anlagefläche (33) eine Erhebung (56) aufweist, die eine Gewebe-
Kompressionszone zwischen den Anlageflächen (33, 35) bildet und bei welcher ein Teil
der zweiten Anlagefläche (35) eine Erhebung aufweist, die ebenfalls die Gewebe-
Kompressionszone bildet.
5. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 2, bei welcher die
Erhebung auf der zweiten Anlagefläche angeordnet ist, um das Gewebe gegen den ersten Pol
(52) zu pressen.
6. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher mindestens
einer der Pole (52, 51) eine Reihe elektrisch verbundener Elektroden auf mindestens einer
der ersten und zweiten Anlagefläche (33, 35) umfaßt.
7. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher der erste Pol
(52) mindestens eine erste langgestreckte Elektrode und der zweite Pol (51) mindestens
eine zweite langgestreckte Elektrode umfaßt, wobei mindestens eine der langgestreckten
ersten Elektroden parallel zu mindestens einer der zweiten langgestreckten Elektroden
angeordnet ist.
8. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher der erste Pol
(52) eine Reihe erster Elektroden und der zweite Pol (51) eine Reihe zweiter Elektroden
umfaßt und
bei welcher die ersten Elektroden und die zweiten Elektroden abwechselnd auf der
ersten und zweiten Anlagefläche (33, 35) angeordnet sind.
9. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher der erste Pol
(52) eine langgestreckte Elektrode umfaßt.
10. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, welche zum Schweißen
von Gewebe eingerichtet ist.
11. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, welche weiterhin eine
am End-Manipulator (50) angebrachte Schneideinrichtung (11) aufweist und diese
Schneideinrichtung (11) zum Teilen des vom End-Manipulator (50) erfaßten Gewebes
entlang einer Schnittlinie eingerichtet ist.
12. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 11, bei welcher der End-
Manipulator (50) zur Durchführung einer Blutstillung seitlich von der Schnittlinie
eingerichtet ist.
13. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 11, bei welcher die
Klammereinrichtung zur Anbringung von Klammern (100) seitlich von der Schnittlinie
eingerichtet ist.
14. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 11, bei welcher die
Schneideinrichtung (11) zur Bewegung in einer Schneidbahn eingerichtet ist, um die
Schnittlinie zu bilden.
15. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 11, bei welcher der erste
Pol (52) eine erste und eine zweite Elektrode umfaßt und die Schneideinrichtung (11) zur
Bewegung zwischen der ersten und zweiten Elektrode eingerichtet ist.
16. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 15, bei welcher die erste
und zweite Elektrode jeweils eine elektrisch verbundene, parallele, langgestreckte
Stabelektrode umfaßt und der End-Manipulator (50) weiterhin einen Schlitz (26) aufweist, der
zur Aufnahme der Schneideinrichtung (11) eingerichtet ist, wobei die Schneideinrichtung
(11) zwischen den Stabelektroden durch den Schlitz (26) bewegbar ist.
17. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 11, bei welcher die
Klammereinrichtung umfaßt:
ein Magazin (23) mit zwei parallelen Reihen von Klammern (100), welches einen
längs durchgehenden Schlitz (26) aufweist, damit sich die Schneideinrichtung (11)
zwischen den beiden Reihen von Klammern (100) bewegen kann, wobei das Magazin die
zweite Anlagefläche (35) bildet,
eine Schubeinrichtung (24) zum Anbringen der Klammer in dem Gewebe zwischen
den Anlageflächen und
einen Amboß (18) zur Aufnahme und Formung der Klammern (100), wobei der
Amboß (18) einen Teil der ersten Anlagefläche (33) bildet.
18. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 17, bei welcher die
Schubeinrichtung (24) Klammern im Gewebe anbringt, während die Schneideinrichtung (11)
zwischen den parallelen Reihen von Klammern (100) einen Schnitt ausführt.
19. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 17, bei welcher die
bipolare Energie angelegt wird, bevor die Schneideinrichtung vorgeschoben wird.
20. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 11, bei welcher die
Schnittlinie im wesentlichen Kreisform hat.
21. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 20, bei welcher der erste
Pol (52) im wesentlichen Kreisform hat und am Außenumfang der ersten Anlagefläche (33)
gelegen ist und
bei welcher die Schnittlinie in bezug auf den ersten Pol (52) radial nach innen
angeordnet ist.
22. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher die
Klammereinrichtung derart eingerichtet ist, daß sie einen Hohlraum wieder zu verschließen
vermag.
23. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 11, bei welcher die
Klammereinrichtung umfaßt:
ein Magazin (23) mit Klammern (100), die am Außenumfang des Magazins (23)
angeordnet sind;
eine Schneideinrichtung (11) zum Schneiden von Gewebe, wobei diese
Schneideinrichtung (11) in bezug auf die Klammern (100) radial nach innen angeordnet ist;
eine Schubeinrichtung (24) zum Anbringen der Klammern (100) im Gewebe
zwischen den Anlageflächen (33, 35) und
einen Amboß (18) zur Aufnahme und Formung der Klammern (100), wobei der
Amboß (18) einen Teil der ersten Anlagefläche (33) bildet.
24. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 23, bei welcher die
Schubeinrichtung (24) Klammern (100) im Gewebe anbringt, während die Schneideinrichtung
(11) das Gewebe schneidet.
25. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 23, bei welcher die
bipolare Energie angelegt wird, bevor das Gewebe mittels der Schneideinrichtung (11) geteilt
wird.
26. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, welche weiterhin eine
Einrichtung zur Feststellung von Toleranzüberschreitungen der elektrischen Parameter
umfaßt.
27. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, welche weiterhin eine
Rückkopplungseinrichtung zur Feststellung, daß das Gewebe in einem vorgegebenen
Umfange kauterisiert worden ist, umfaßt.
28. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 27, bei welcher die
Rückkopplungseinrichtung auf der Grundlage elektrischer Parameter des Gewebes feststellt,
daß dieses Gewebe in einem vorgegebenen Umfange kauterisiert worden ist.
29. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 27, bei welcher die
Rückkopplungseinrichtung auf der Grundlage mindestens einer Eigenschaft des Gewebes in
der Koagulationszone feststellt, daß dieses Gewebe in einem vorgegebenen Umfange
kauterisiert worden ist.
30. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 29, bei welcher die
Eigenschaft des Gewebes dessen Impedanz ist.
31. Elektrochirurgische Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 4, welche weiterhin eine
Anzeigeeinrichtung umfaßt, um einem Benutzer mitzuteilen, daß das Gewebe in einem
vorgegebenen Umfange kauterisiert worden ist.
32. Elektrochirurgisches Instrument (10) umfassend:
einen Griff,
eine an dem Griff angebrachte Betätigungseinrichtung,
einen am distalen Ende der Betätigungseinrichtung angebrachten End-
Manipulator (50),
eine Einrichtung zur Zuführung bipolarer elektrischer Energie von einer bipolaren
Energiequelle zum End-Manipulator (50), wobei dieser End-Manipulator (50) aufweist:
eine erste Anlagefläche (33),
eine zweite Anlagefläche (35),
einen ersten Pol (52), der auf einem elektrisch isolierten Teil (55) der ersten
Anlagefläche (33) gelegen ist,
einen zweiten Pol (51), der auf der zweiten Anlagefläche (35) gelegen ist und
eine Klammereinrichtung zum Klammern des von den Anlageflächen (33, 35)
erfaßten Gewebes,
bei welchem die Betätigungseinrichtung derart eingerichtet ist, daß sie den End-
Manipulator (50) veranlaßt, das Gewebe zwischen der ersten Anlagefläche (33) und der
zweiten Anlagefläche (35) zu erfassen,
bei welchem der erste Pol (52) und der zweite Pol (51) elektrisch entgegengesetzte
Elektroden sind, welche derart eingerichtet sind, daß sie elektrische Energie aus der
Einrichtung zur Zuführung bipolarer elektrischer Energie von einer bipolaren Energiequelle
durch das Gewebe im Bereich des ersten Poles (52) und des zweiten Poles (51) zu leiten
vermögen und
bei welchem die Klammereinrichtung zur Verbindung von Geweben miteinander
eingerichtet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US9615493A | 1993-07-22 | 1993-07-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69415613D1 DE69415613D1 (de) | 1999-02-11 |
DE69415613T2 true DE69415613T2 (de) | 1999-07-22 |
Family
ID=22255868
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69415613T Expired - Fee Related DE69415613T2 (de) | 1993-07-22 | 1994-07-21 | Elektrochirurgisches Klammergerät |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5735848A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0640315B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3399651B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE175090T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU679999B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2128136C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69415613T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2124848T3 (de) |
GR (1) | GR940100335A (de) |
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1994
- 1994-07-05 GR GR940100335A patent/GR940100335A/el not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-15 CA CA002128136A patent/CA2128136C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-07-20 AU AU68623/94A patent/AU679999B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-07-21 AT AT94305396T patent/ATE175090T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-21 ES ES94305396T patent/ES2124848T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-21 DE DE69415613T patent/DE69415613T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-07-21 EP EP94305396A patent/EP0640315B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-21 JP JP19017894A patent/JP3399651B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-04-20 US US08/425,705 patent/US5735848A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010035470A1 (de) | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-01 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung zum Durchführen einer Anastomose |
DE102010035470B4 (de) * | 2010-08-26 | 2015-08-13 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Vorrichtung zum Durchführen einer Seit-zu-Seit- Anastomose |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2124848T3 (es) | 1999-02-16 |
US5735848A (en) | 1998-04-07 |
ATE175090T1 (de) | 1999-01-15 |
AU679999B2 (en) | 1997-07-17 |
JPH07171159A (ja) | 1995-07-11 |
DE69415613D1 (de) | 1999-02-11 |
AU6862394A (en) | 1995-02-02 |
JP3399651B2 (ja) | 2003-04-21 |
EP0640315B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 |
CA2128136C (en) | 1999-10-26 |
EP0640315A1 (de) | 1995-03-01 |
CA2128136A1 (en) | 1995-01-23 |
GR940100335A (el) | 1996-05-22 |
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