DE69213600T2 - Ultraschallwandler zur Erfassung zweier orthogonaler Querschnitte - Google Patents
Ultraschallwandler zur Erfassung zweier orthogonaler QuerschnitteInfo
- Publication number
- DE69213600T2 DE69213600T2 DE69213600T DE69213600T DE69213600T2 DE 69213600 T2 DE69213600 T2 DE 69213600T2 DE 69213600 T DE69213600 T DE 69213600T DE 69213600 T DE69213600 T DE 69213600T DE 69213600 T2 DE69213600 T2 DE 69213600T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- component elements
- electrodes
- probe according
- ultrasonic probe
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003238 esophagus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical class [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
- B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
- B06B1/0629—Square array
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/42—Piezoelectric device making
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP17011491 | 1991-07-10 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE69213600D1 DE69213600D1 (de) | 1996-10-17 |
| DE69213600T2 true DE69213600T2 (de) | 1997-02-27 |
Family
ID=15898902
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69213600T Expired - Lifetime DE69213600T2 (de) | 1991-07-10 | 1992-07-09 | Ultraschallwandler zur Erfassung zweier orthogonaler Querschnitte |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5327895A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0524749B1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69213600T2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (89)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3040554B2 (ja) * | 1991-10-08 | 2000-05-15 | ジーイー横河メディカルシステム株式会社 | 超音波探触子 |
| US5505205A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1996-04-09 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Interface element for medical ultrasound transducer |
| US5511296A (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 1996-04-30 | Hewlett Packard Company | Method for making integrated matching layer for ultrasonic transducers |
| WO1997017018A1 (en) * | 1995-11-09 | 1997-05-15 | Brigham & Women's Hospital | Aperiodic ultrasound phased array |
| EP0883860B1 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 2006-08-23 | Acuson Corporation | Multiple ultrasound image registration system, method and transducer |
| US5671746A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 1997-09-30 | Acuson Corporation | Elevation steerable ultrasound transducer array |
| US5808967A (en) * | 1996-10-07 | 1998-09-15 | Rowe-Deines Instruments Incorporated | Two-dimensional array transducer and beamformer |
| US5844349A (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1998-12-01 | Tetrad Corporation | Composite autoclavable ultrasonic transducers and methods of making |
| US6045508A (en) | 1997-02-27 | 2000-04-04 | Acuson Corporation | Ultrasonic probe, system and method for two-dimensional imaging or three-dimensional reconstruction |
| US5876345A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 1999-03-02 | Acuson Corporation | Ultrasonic catheter, system and method for two dimensional imaging or three-dimensional reconstruction |
| DE19737398C1 (de) * | 1997-08-27 | 1998-10-01 | Siemens Ag | Ultraschallwandler-Prüfkopf und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
| US6049159A (en) * | 1997-10-06 | 2000-04-11 | Albatros Technologies, Inc. | Wideband acoustic transducer |
| US6050943A (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2000-04-18 | Guided Therapy Systems, Inc. | Imaging, therapy, and temperature monitoring ultrasonic system |
| JP3926448B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-01 | 2007-06-06 | 株式会社日立メディコ | 超音波探触子及びこれを用いた超音波診断装置 |
| FR2790635B1 (fr) | 1999-03-05 | 2001-04-13 | France Etat | Dispositif triboelectrique |
| JP4223629B2 (ja) * | 1999-06-16 | 2009-02-12 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 超音波探触子用送受波素子及びその製造方法並びに該送受波素子を用いた超音波探触子 |
| US6867535B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2005-03-15 | Sensant Corporation | Method of and apparatus for wafer-scale packaging of surface microfabricated transducers |
| US7914453B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2011-03-29 | Ardent Sound, Inc. | Visual imaging system for ultrasonic probe |
| US6788620B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2004-09-07 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Acoustic matching member, ultrasound transducer, ultrasonic flowmeter and method for manufacturing the same |
| US6994674B2 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2006-02-07 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc. | Multi-dimensional transducer arrays and method of manufacture |
| US6891311B2 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2005-05-10 | Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc | Ultrasound transmit pulser with receive interconnection and method of use |
| AU2003263065A1 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-03-29 | Triad Sensors, Inc. | Interface electronics for piezoelectric devices |
| GB2397719B8 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2006-05-17 | Rolls Royce Plc | Ultrasonic transudcer structures |
| JP4376533B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-25 | 2009-12-02 | パナソニック株式会社 | 超音波探触子 |
| US7066887B2 (en) * | 2003-10-21 | 2006-06-27 | Vermon | Bi-plane ultrasonic probe |
| US7176600B2 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2007-02-13 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Poling system for piezoelectric diaphragm structures |
| US7828736B2 (en) * | 2004-01-27 | 2010-11-09 | Fujinon Corporation | Electronic scan type ultrasound diagnostic instrument |
| US7348712B2 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2008-03-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Ultrasonic probe and ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus |
| JP4503347B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-28 | 2010-07-14 | 日本電波工業株式会社 | 超音波探触子の製造方法 |
| US7393325B2 (en) | 2004-09-16 | 2008-07-01 | Guided Therapy Systems, L.L.C. | Method and system for ultrasound treatment with a multi-directional transducer |
| US9011336B2 (en) | 2004-09-16 | 2015-04-21 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Method and system for combined energy therapy profile |
| US7824348B2 (en) | 2004-09-16 | 2010-11-02 | Guided Therapy Systems, L.L.C. | System and method for variable depth ultrasound treatment |
| US10864385B2 (en) | 2004-09-24 | 2020-12-15 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Rejuvenating skin by heating tissue for cosmetic treatment of the face and body |
| US8535228B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2013-09-17 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Method and system for noninvasive face lifts and deep tissue tightening |
| US20120165848A1 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2012-06-28 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | System and method for treating cartilage |
| US8444562B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2013-05-21 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | System and method for treating muscle, tendon, ligament and cartilage tissue |
| US8690778B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2014-04-08 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Energy-based tissue tightening |
| US20060111744A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 | 2006-05-25 | Guided Therapy Systems, L.L.C. | Method and system for treatment of sweat glands |
| US11883688B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2024-01-30 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Energy based fat reduction |
| EP1879502A2 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2008-01-23 | Guided Therapy Systems, L.L.C. | Method and system for cosmetic enhancement |
| US8133180B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2012-03-13 | Guided Therapy Systems, L.L.C. | Method and system for treating cellulite |
| US9827449B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2017-11-28 | Guided Therapy Systems, L.L.C. | Systems for treating skin laxity |
| US9694212B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2017-07-04 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Method and system for ultrasound treatment of skin |
| JP5094402B2 (ja) | 2004-10-06 | 2012-12-12 | ガイデッド セラピー システムズ， エル．エル．シー． | 超音波組織処理ための方法およびシステム |
| US11235179B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2022-02-01 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Energy based skin gland treatment |
| US7758524B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 | 2010-07-20 | Guided Therapy Systems, L.L.C. | Method and system for ultra-high frequency ultrasound treatment |
| US11724133B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2023-08-15 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Ultrasound probe for treatment of skin |
| US11207548B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2021-12-28 | Guided Therapy Systems, L.L.C. | Ultrasound probe for treating skin laxity |
| JP4703382B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-14 | 2011-06-15 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 振動子アレイの構造、およびその作製方法、並びに超音波プローブ |
| EP2533130A1 (en) | 2005-04-25 | 2012-12-12 | Ardent Sound, Inc. | Method and system for enhancing computer peripheral saftey |
| JP4990272B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-28 | 2012-08-01 | パナソニック株式会社 | 超音波探触子 |
| WO2008019396A2 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-14 | Akrion Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method of measuring acoustical energy applied to a substrate |
| US9566454B2 (en) | 2006-09-18 | 2017-02-14 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Method and sysem for non-ablative acne treatment and prevention |
| JP5024989B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-23 | 2012-09-12 | 株式会社東芝 | ２次元アレイ超音波プローブ及び超音波診断システム |
| US7581296B2 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2009-09-01 | Ge Inspection Technologies, Lp | Acoustic stack for ultrasonic transducers and method for manufacturing same |
| US20150174388A1 (en) | 2007-05-07 | 2015-06-25 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Methods and Systems for Ultrasound Assisted Delivery of a Medicant to Tissue |
| EP2152351B1 (en) | 2007-05-07 | 2016-09-21 | Guided Therapy Systems, L.L.C. | Methods and systems for modulating medicants using acoustic energy |
| US12102473B2 (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2024-10-01 | Ulthera, Inc. | Systems for ultrasound treatment |
| KR102087909B1 (ko) | 2008-06-06 | 2020-03-12 | 얼테라, 인크 | 코스메틱 치료 시스템 |
| WO2010044312A1 (ja) * | 2008-10-17 | 2010-04-22 | コニカミノルタエムジー株式会社 | アレイ型超音波振動子 |
| CA2748362A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2010-07-01 | Michael H. Slayton | Methods and systems for fat reduction and/or cellulite treatment |
| US8715186B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2014-05-06 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Methods and systems for generating thermal bubbles for improved ultrasound imaging and therapy |
| WO2011103113A1 (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2011-08-25 | Cts Corporation | Composite ceramic structure and method of making the same |
| US8264129B2 (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2012-09-11 | General Electric Company | Device and system for measuring material thickness |
| US8680745B2 (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2014-03-25 | General Electric Company | Device for measuring material thickness |
| US9504446B2 (en) | 2010-08-02 | 2016-11-29 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Systems and methods for coupling an ultrasound source to tissue |
| JP5835882B2 (ja) | 2010-10-20 | 2015-12-24 | 株式会社東芝 | 超音波診断装置及び超音波プローブ |
| US8857438B2 (en) | 2010-11-08 | 2014-10-14 | Ulthera, Inc. | Devices and methods for acoustic shielding |
| KR102068728B1 (ko) | 2011-07-10 | 2020-01-21 | 가이디드 테라피 시스템스, 엘.엘.씨. | 초음파 치료를 위한 방법 및 시스템 |
| WO2013012641A1 (en) | 2011-07-11 | 2013-01-24 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Systems and methods for coupling an ultrasound source to tissue |
| US8857261B2 (en) | 2012-04-12 | 2014-10-14 | General Electric Company | Sensing device and method of attaching the same |
| US9263663B2 (en) | 2012-04-13 | 2016-02-16 | Ardent Sound, Inc. | Method of making thick film transducer arrays |
| US9510802B2 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2016-12-06 | Guided Therapy Systems, Llc | Reflective ultrasound technology for dermatological treatments |
| CN204017181U (zh) | 2013-03-08 | 2014-12-17 | 奥赛拉公司 | 美学成像与处理系统、多焦点处理系统和执行美容过程的系统 |
| WO2014146022A2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Guided Therapy Systems Llc | Ultrasound treatment device and methods of use |
| US20170028227A1 (en) | 2014-04-18 | 2017-02-02 | Ulthera, Inc. | Band transducer ultrasound therapy |
| US10265729B2 (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2019-04-23 | Olympus Scientific Solutions Americas Inc. | Phased array ultrasonic transducers with solderless stack bonding assembly |
| ES2939604T3 (es) | 2016-01-18 | 2023-04-25 | Ulthera Inc | Dispositivo de ultrasonidos compacto que tiene una matriz de ultrasonidos anular conectada eléctricamente de manera periférica a una placa de circuito impreso flexible |
| US10618078B2 (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2020-04-14 | Kolo Medical, Ltd. | Bias control for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers |
| DK3981466T3 (da) | 2016-08-16 | 2023-10-09 | Ulthera Inc | Systemer og fremgangsmåder til kosmetisk ultralydsbehandling af hud |
| US11061124B2 (en) | 2016-10-21 | 2021-07-13 | The Governors Of The University Of Alberta | System and method for ultrasound imaging |
| TWI883390B (zh) | 2018-01-26 | 2025-05-11 | 美商奧賽拉公司 | 用於多個維度中的同時多聚焦超音治療的系統和方法 |
| US11150344B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2021-10-19 | Roger Zemp | 3D imaging using a bias-sensitive crossed-electrode array |
| US11944849B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 | 2024-04-02 | Ulthera, Inc. | Systems and methods for combined cosmetic treatment of cellulite with ultrasound |
| WO2020196428A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | テルモ株式会社 | 超音波振動子 |
| US12377293B2 (en) | 2019-07-15 | 2025-08-05 | Ulthera, Inc. | Systems and methods for measuring elasticity with imaging of ultrasound multi-focus shearwaves in multiple dimensions |
| US11448621B2 (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2022-09-20 | Olympus NDT Canada Inc. | Ultrasound probe with row-column addressed array |
| US12343208B2 (en) | 2021-09-09 | 2025-07-01 | Roger Zemp | Ultrasound imaging using a bias-switchable row-column array transducer |
| US12396706B2 (en) | 2023-10-04 | 2025-08-26 | Clinisonix Inc. | Synthetic phase alternating row-column transducer array |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5768999A (en) * | 1980-10-17 | 1982-04-27 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Ultrasonic wave probe |
| JPS6086999A (ja) * | 1983-10-19 | 1985-05-16 | Hitachi Ltd | 超音波探触子の製造方法 |
| US4640291A (en) * | 1985-06-27 | 1987-02-03 | North American Philips Corporation | Bi-plane phased array for ultrasound medical imaging |
| US4671293A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1987-06-09 | North American Philips Corporation | Biplane phased array for ultrasonic medical imaging |
| US4939826A (en) * | 1988-03-04 | 1990-07-10 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Ultrasonic transducer arrays and methods for the fabrication thereof |
| JPH02217000A (ja) * | 1989-02-16 | 1990-08-29 | Hitachi Ltd | 超音波探触子 |
| JPH02234600A (ja) * | 1989-03-07 | 1990-09-17 | Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co Ltd | 圧電変換素子 |
| US5099459A (en) * | 1990-04-05 | 1992-03-24 | General Electric Company | Phased array ultrosonic transducer including different sized phezoelectric segments |
| EP0462311B1 (de) * | 1990-06-21 | 1995-04-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verbund-Ultraschallwandler und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines strukturierten Bauelementes aus piezoelektrischer Keramik |
-
1992
- 1992-06-19 US US07/901,107 patent/US5327895A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-09 DE DE69213600T patent/DE69213600T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-09 EP EP92306308A patent/EP0524749B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0524749B1 (en) | 1996-09-11 |
| DE69213600D1 (de) | 1996-10-17 |
| EP0524749A3 (enExample) | 1994-03-16 |
| EP0524749A2 (en) | 1993-01-27 |
| US5327895A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8320 | Willingness to grant licences declared (paragraph 23) | ||
| 8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA, TOKIO/TOKYO, JP |
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