DE3907540A1 - Piezoelektrischer lautsprecher - Google Patents
Piezoelektrischer lautsprecherInfo
- Publication number
- DE3907540A1 DE3907540A1 DE3907540A DE3907540A DE3907540A1 DE 3907540 A1 DE3907540 A1 DE 3907540A1 DE 3907540 A DE3907540 A DE 3907540A DE 3907540 A DE3907540 A DE 3907540A DE 3907540 A1 DE3907540 A1 DE 3907540A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric
- plastic foam
- membrane
- speaker according
- driver
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001821 foam rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63143896A JP2580551B2 (ja) | 1988-06-10 | 1988-06-10 | 圧電スピーカ |
| JP63143897A JPH07105987B2 (ja) | 1988-06-10 | 1988-06-10 | 圧電スピーカ |
| JP22068888A JPH0267900A (ja) | 1988-09-02 | 1988-09-02 | 圧電スピーカ |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3907540A1 true DE3907540A1 (de) | 1989-12-21 |
| DE3907540C2 DE3907540C2 (enExample) | 1993-06-24 |
Family
ID=27318731
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3907540A Granted DE3907540A1 (de) | 1988-06-10 | 1989-03-08 | Piezoelektrischer lautsprecher |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4969197A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE3907540A1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB2219712B (enExample) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19757097A1 (de) * | 1997-12-20 | 1999-06-24 | Nokia Deutschland Gmbh | Schallwiedergabeanordnung |
| DE19757098A1 (de) * | 1997-12-20 | 1999-06-24 | Nokia Deutschland Gmbh | Aufhängung für Schallwiedergabeanordnungen nach dem Biegewellenprinzip |
| DE19821862A1 (de) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-18 | Nokia Deutschland Gmbh | Schallwiedergabeanordnung |
| DE19825866A1 (de) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-16 | Nokia Deutschland Gmbh | Plattenlautsprecher |
Families Citing this family (93)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE468656B (sv) * | 1990-10-19 | 1993-02-22 | Rydborn S A O | Anordning foer omvandling av mekanisk paaverkan till en elektrisk signal |
| US5229744A (en) * | 1990-11-27 | 1993-07-20 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric type pager |
| US5196755A (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1993-03-23 | Shields F Douglas | Piezoelectric panel speaker |
| GB9224292D0 (en) * | 1992-11-19 | 1993-02-17 | Flow Research Evaluation Diagn | Sonar transducers |
| US5636270A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1997-06-03 | Davey; Melville G. | Method of producing signals commonly used with telephones |
| US5641164A (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1997-06-24 | The M2000 Group Inc. | Talking trading cards |
| US5751827A (en) * | 1995-03-13 | 1998-05-12 | Primo Microphones, Inc. | Piezoelectric speaker |
| JP3763848B2 (ja) | 1995-09-02 | 2006-04-05 | ニュー トランスデューサーズ リミテッド | 音響装置 |
| US6285770B1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 2001-09-04 | New Transducers Limited | Noticeboards incorporating loudspeakers |
| US6304661B1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 2001-10-16 | New Transducers Limited | Loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements |
| DE69602102T2 (de) * | 1995-09-02 | 1999-09-16 | New Transducers Ltd., Huntingdon | Inertial schwingungswandler |
| US6327369B1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 2001-12-04 | New Transducers Limited | Loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements |
| US6266426B1 (en) | 1995-09-02 | 2001-07-24 | New Transducers Limited | Visual display means incorporating loudspeakers |
| US5901231A (en) | 1995-09-25 | 1999-05-04 | Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc. | Piezo speaker for improved passenger cabin audio systems |
| US5780958A (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1998-07-14 | Aura Systems, Inc. | Piezoelectric vibrating device |
| US5838805A (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 1998-11-17 | Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc. | Piezoelectric transducers |
| US6396197B1 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2002-05-28 | Speaker Acquisition Sub, A Cayman Island Corporation | Piezoelectric speaker |
| US6144746A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 2000-11-07 | New Transducers Limited | Loudspeakers comprising panel-form acoustic radiating elements |
| US5896000A (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 1999-04-20 | Vectron Laboratories, Inc. | Mounting for reducing vibration-induced side bands |
| JP2001507186A (ja) * | 1996-12-20 | 2001-05-29 | エヌシーティー グループ インコーポレーテッド | 電気音響変換器 |
| JP3360558B2 (ja) * | 1997-01-06 | 2002-12-24 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 圧電型電気音響変換器 |
| WO1998035529A2 (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 1998-08-13 | Sri International | Elastomeric dielectric polymer film sonic actuator |
| US7320457B2 (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 2008-01-22 | Sri International | Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow |
| US6812624B1 (en) * | 1999-07-20 | 2004-11-02 | Sri International | Electroactive polymers |
| US6137890A (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 2000-10-24 | Compaq Computer Corporation | Lumped parameter resonator of a piezoelectric speaker |
| JP2002505822A (ja) | 1997-06-19 | 2002-02-19 | エヌシーティー グループ インコーポレイテッド | ラウドスピーカ組立体 |
| US6278790B1 (en) | 1997-11-11 | 2001-08-21 | Nct Group, Inc. | Electroacoustic transducers comprising vibrating panels |
| US6453050B1 (en) | 1998-05-11 | 2002-09-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric speaker, method for producing the same, and speaker system including the same |
| US6181797B1 (en) | 1999-01-09 | 2001-01-30 | Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc. | Piezo speaker for improved passenger cabin audio systems |
| US7537197B2 (en) * | 1999-07-20 | 2009-05-26 | Sri International | Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow |
| US7608989B2 (en) * | 1999-07-20 | 2009-10-27 | Sri International | Compliant electroactive polymer transducers for sonic applications |
| GB9929731D0 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2000-02-09 | New Transducers Ltd | Acoustic device |
| WO2001052400A1 (en) * | 2000-01-07 | 2001-07-19 | Arthur D. Little Enterprises, Inc. | Mechanical-to-acoustical transformer and multi-media flat film speaker |
| US6911764B2 (en) | 2000-02-09 | 2005-06-28 | Sri International | Energy efficient electroactive polymers and electroactive polymer devices |
| WO2001063738A2 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-30 | Sri International | Electroactive polymer thermal electric generators |
| EP2290721B1 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2017-09-20 | SRI International | Environmentally powered electroactive polymer generators |
| BE1013592A3 (nl) * | 2000-07-11 | 2002-04-02 | Sonitron Nv | Transducent. |
| DE60208245T2 (de) | 2001-01-22 | 2006-07-13 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma | Lautsprechersystem |
| WO2003081762A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-10-02 | Sri International | Electroactive polymer devices for moving fluid |
| GB0221503D0 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2002-10-23 | 1 Ltd | Loudspeaker |
| GB0321292D0 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2003-10-15 | New Transducers Ltd | Transducer |
| US7475598B2 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2009-01-13 | New Transducers Limited | Electromechanical force transducer |
| DE102004028664A1 (de) * | 2004-06-12 | 2006-01-19 | Puren Gmbh | Schwingungskörper eines Lautsprechersystems |
| US20060013417A1 (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-01-19 | Intier Automotive Inc. | Acoustical panel assembly |
| JP4507252B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-27 | 2010-07-21 | シチズン電子株式会社 | パネル型スピーカ |
| GB2426650B (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2011-01-05 | Adder Tech Ltd | Audio and video signal transmission |
| CA2610483A1 (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-07 | Emo Labs, Inc. | Diaphragm membrane and supporting structure responsive to environmental conditions |
| DE102005033632B4 (de) * | 2005-07-19 | 2009-08-20 | Kurt Kojer | Lautsprecher |
| KR20100053536A (ko) | 2007-06-29 | 2010-05-20 | 아트피셜 머슬, 인코퍼레이션 | 감각적 피드백을 부여하는 전기활성 고분자 변환기 |
| US20100322455A1 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2010-12-23 | Emo Labs, Inc. | Wireless loudspeaker |
| US8126170B2 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2012-02-28 | Apple Inc. | Electromagnetic interference shields with piezos |
| US8265329B2 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2012-09-11 | Apple Inc. | Compact housing for portable electronic device with internal speaker |
| US8189851B2 (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2012-05-29 | Emo Labs, Inc. | Optically clear diaphragm for an acoustic transducer and method for making same |
| US20100246143A1 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | Richard Hung Minh Dinh | Electromagnetic Interference Shielding for Compact Electronic Devices |
| EP2239793A1 (de) | 2009-04-11 | 2010-10-13 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Elektrisch schaltbarer Polymerfilmaufbau und dessen Verwendung |
| CN102959988B (zh) | 2010-06-25 | 2016-01-20 | 京瓷株式会社 | 音响发生器 |
| US8885853B2 (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2014-11-11 | Yamaha Corporation | Electrostatic loudspeaker |
| CN103181195B (zh) * | 2010-11-01 | 2015-09-02 | 日本电气株式会社 | 振荡装置和电子设备 |
| KR20140008416A (ko) | 2011-03-01 | 2014-01-21 | 바이엘 인텔렉쳐 프로퍼티 게엠베하 | 변형가능한 중합체 장치 및 필름을 제조하기 위한 자동화 제조 방법 |
| KR20140019801A (ko) | 2011-03-22 | 2014-02-17 | 바이엘 인텔렉쳐 프로퍼티 게엠베하 | 전기활성 중합체 작동기 렌티큘라 시스템 |
| DE102012201884A1 (de) * | 2012-02-09 | 2013-08-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schallwandler |
| WO2013142552A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-26 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Roll-to-roll manufacturing processes for producing self-healing electroactive polymer devices |
| US9761790B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2017-09-12 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Stretch frame for stretching process |
| US9590193B2 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2017-03-07 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Polymer diode |
| WO2014143723A2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Emo Labs, Inc. | Acoustic transducers |
| WO2014157351A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 電気音響変換フィルム、電気音響変換器、フレキシブルディスプレイおよびプロジェクター用スクリーン |
| USD741835S1 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2015-10-27 | Emo Labs, Inc. | Speaker |
| USD733678S1 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-07 | Emo Labs, Inc. | Audio speaker |
| USD748072S1 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2016-01-26 | Emo Labs, Inc. | Sound bar audio speaker |
| US9565493B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2017-02-07 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Array microphone system and method of assembling the same |
| USD784299S1 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2017-04-18 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Array microphone assembly |
| US9554207B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2017-01-24 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Offset cartridge microphones |
| US10367948B2 (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2019-07-30 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Post-mixing acoustic echo cancellation systems and methods |
| CN112335261B (zh) | 2018-06-01 | 2023-07-18 | 舒尔获得控股公司 | 图案形成麦克风阵列 |
| US11297423B2 (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2022-04-05 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Endfire linear array microphone |
| WO2020061353A1 (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Adjustable lobe shape for array microphones |
| JP7572964B2 (ja) | 2019-03-21 | 2024-10-24 | シュアー アクイジッション ホールディングス インコーポレイテッド | 阻止機能を伴うビーム形成マイクロフォンローブの自動集束、領域内自動集束、および自動配置 |
| US11558693B2 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2023-01-17 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Auto focus, auto focus within regions, and auto placement of beamformed microphone lobes with inhibition and voice activity detection functionality |
| WO2020191354A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Housings and associated design features for ceiling array microphones |
| US11445294B2 (en) | 2019-05-23 | 2022-09-13 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Steerable speaker array, system, and method for the same |
| US11302347B2 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2022-04-12 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Low latency automixer integrated with voice and noise activity detection |
| JP7630495B2 (ja) | 2019-08-23 | 2025-02-17 | シュアー アクイジッション ホールディングス インコーポレイテッド | 指向性が改善された一次元アレイマイクロホン |
| USD943559S1 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2022-02-15 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Housing for ceiling array microphone |
| WO2021087377A1 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2021-05-06 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Proximity microphone |
| USD943558S1 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2022-02-15 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Housing for ceiling array microphone |
| US11552611B2 (en) | 2020-02-07 | 2023-01-10 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | System and method for automatic adjustment of reference gain |
| USD944776S1 (en) | 2020-05-05 | 2022-03-01 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Audio device |
| USD943552S1 (en) | 2020-05-05 | 2022-02-15 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Audio device |
| WO2021243368A2 (en) | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-02 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Transducer steering and configuration systems and methods using a local positioning system |
| JP2024505068A (ja) | 2021-01-28 | 2024-02-02 | シュアー アクイジッション ホールディングス インコーポレイテッド | ハイブリッドオーディオビーム形成システム |
| US12452584B2 (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2025-10-21 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Scalable conferencing systems and methods |
| CN118216161A (zh) | 2021-10-04 | 2024-06-18 | 舒尔获得控股公司 | 联网自动混合器系统及方法 |
| US12250526B2 (en) | 2022-01-07 | 2025-03-11 | Shure Acquisition Holdings, Inc. | Audio beamforming with nulling control system and methods |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS633700U (enExample) * | 1986-06-20 | 1988-01-11 | ||
| US4807294A (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1989-02-21 | Mitubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric and foam resin sheet speaker |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2912605A (en) * | 1955-12-05 | 1959-11-10 | Tibbetts Lab Inc | Electromechanical transducer |
| JPS5215972B2 (enExample) * | 1974-02-28 | 1977-05-06 | ||
| US4430529A (en) * | 1980-12-24 | 1984-02-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric loudspeaker |
| DE3135096A1 (de) * | 1981-02-20 | 1982-09-09 | Apparatebau Wilhelm Heibl Gmbh, 8671 Selbitz | Schallgeber mit piezowandler |
| DE3407980A1 (de) * | 1983-04-20 | 1984-10-25 | Tadashi Tokio/Tokyo Sawafuji | Kristallschallerzeuger |
| JPS61264894A (ja) * | 1985-05-17 | 1986-11-22 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | 平面型スピ−カ− |
| JP2580547B2 (ja) * | 1986-07-09 | 1997-02-12 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 圧電スピ−カ |
| DE3731132A1 (de) * | 1986-09-16 | 1988-03-24 | Samsung Electro Mech | Filmmembran-lautsprecher |
| JP2630948B2 (ja) * | 1987-06-24 | 1997-07-16 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 水中用圧電送受波シート |
| JPS6444699A (en) * | 1987-08-13 | 1989-02-17 | Nitsuko Ltd | Piezoelectric speaker |
| DE3734524A1 (de) * | 1987-10-13 | 1989-04-27 | Voith Gmbh J M | Lagerzapfen fuer einen hohlen walzenkoerper insbesondere fuer einen trockenzylinder einer papiermaschine |
-
1989
- 1989-02-21 US US07/312,999 patent/US4969197A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-01 GB GB8904637A patent/GB2219712B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-08 DE DE3907540A patent/DE3907540A1/de active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS633700U (enExample) * | 1986-06-20 | 1988-01-11 | ||
| US4807294A (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1989-02-21 | Mitubishi Petrochemical Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric and foam resin sheet speaker |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19757097A1 (de) * | 1997-12-20 | 1999-06-24 | Nokia Deutschland Gmbh | Schallwiedergabeanordnung |
| DE19757098A1 (de) * | 1997-12-20 | 1999-06-24 | Nokia Deutschland Gmbh | Aufhängung für Schallwiedergabeanordnungen nach dem Biegewellenprinzip |
| US6160898A (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 2000-12-12 | Nokia Technology Gmbh | Suspension mount for sound reproduction devices according to the flexural wave principle |
| US6275598B1 (en) | 1997-12-20 | 2001-08-14 | Harman Electronic Systems Gmbh | Sound reproduction device |
| DE19757098C2 (de) * | 1997-12-20 | 2003-01-09 | Harman Audio Electronic Sys | Aufhängung für Schallwiedergabeanordnungen nach dem Biegewellenprinzip |
| DE19757097B4 (de) * | 1997-12-20 | 2004-04-15 | Harman Audio Electronic Systems Gmbh | Schallwiedergabeanordnung |
| DE19821862A1 (de) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-18 | Nokia Deutschland Gmbh | Schallwiedergabeanordnung |
| US6622817B1 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 2003-09-23 | Harman Audio Electronic Systems Gmbh | Sound reproduction device working according to the bending wave principle |
| DE19825866A1 (de) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-16 | Nokia Deutschland Gmbh | Plattenlautsprecher |
| US6836552B1 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 2004-12-28 | Harman Audio Electronic Systems Gmbh | Panel loudspeakers |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8904637D0 (en) | 1989-04-12 |
| GB2219712A (en) | 1989-12-13 |
| US4969197A (en) | 1990-11-06 |
| GB2219712B (en) | 1992-02-05 |
| DE3907540C2 (enExample) | 1993-06-24 |
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