DE3440704A1 - Formwork insulation brick - Google Patents

Abstract

A formwork insulation brick for structural engineering is described, the insulating insert (4) of which widens in the shape of a trapezium from one longitudinal web (1) to the centre of the brick, extends in a continuous manner over the entire height of the brick, and forms a longitudinal face of the concrete filling duct (9). As a result of this insulating insert and of transverse webs, which thicken in each case at an angle to the two longitudinal webs, the bricks combine optimum heat insulation with the highest possible load-bearing capacity of the walls composed thereof. If the insulating insert (4) is omitted, the insulating brick can also be used for interior walls with good soundproofing. <IMAGE>

Description

Formwork insulating block

The invention relates to a shuttering insulating block according to the preamble of claim 1.

There are hollow blocks with pockets known (DE-PS 1 946 869, DE-OS 2 508 151 or DE-OS 2 553 123), in which optionally comb-like insulation boards, e.g. in the form of hard foam pieces, can be used to improve thermal insulation. The interruption of the is unfavorable for the thermal insulation Insulation inlays through the construction-related stone cross-bars.

If the butt and horizontal joints should also be thermally insulated, so you have to let the insulation boards protrude by the joint thickness (usually 1.0 to 1.5 cm) in front of the stone material, so that they protrude into the mortar joints. Such hollow blocks are bad due to the protruding, sensitive insulation parts to package and transport, and the application of the mortar in the joints is made more difficult, which is usually a mortar sledge (Template) is to be used. The comb-like insulation parts must be made in molds (no cut goods) and are therefore complex and correspondingly expensive. There are also special stones (corner, 1/2 and 3/4 stones) other shapes required.

Shell stones are also known which are stacked in two to three rows in a dry state without joint mortar 5 and then filled with concrete. Mostly these shell stones are used for cellar walls (without thermal insulation). The shell stones made of lightweight concrete or wood chip concrete are milled to the stone height accuracy, e.g. with a machine according to DE-PS 14 27 712, and additionally provided with an insulating material for thermal insulation, so they can floor-to-ceiling (2.75 m) can be moved dry on the building, as described, for example, in DE-PS 14 09 139. Exist Such shell stones, for example, made of wood chip concrete or are thin-walled, then they themselves have no bearing

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ability, which rather only through the filler concrete of the poured Wall is reached. In such cases, the cross-section of the concrete core must be large so that it is sufficient Pressure resistance and buckling resistance is achieved. In addition, the shell stones for the desired milling treatment must be firmly clamped on the longitudinal walls and therefore not only at the two ends, but Cross bars were also required in the middle of the stone to absorb the clamping pressure. In addition, at thin and non-load-bearing stone walls through large filler concrete cross-sections and due to the three crossbars mentioned, considerable thermal bridges with disadvantages for thermal insulation develop.

The invention is based on the object of providing a formwork insulating block that is particularly suitable for floor-to-ceiling dry installation to create a high with a relatively small filler concrete cross-section and good thermal insulation Resilience and buckling resistance guaranteed. ·

This object is achieved by the cup stone characterized in claim 1.

With the insulating blocks described here, external walls can be built that are even with a small thickness of For example, only 25 cm high thermal insulation and meet all structural requirements.

The invention is explained in more detail using a preferred exemplary embodiment. In the drawing show:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of superimposed Formwork insulating blocks;

2 shows a plan view of the formwork insulating block, the butt joint being visible;

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· ■ "; ■ - Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the insulating stone along the Level I-I in Fig.2, the horizontal joints being visible are; - ■

4 shows a corner and end stone matching the normal stone according to FIG. 2;

Fig. 5 and 6 a 1/2 stone and a 3/4 stone matching respectively to the normal stone according to Fig. 2;

7 and 8 the first and the second layer in the central standard structure;

9 shows the longitudinal section of a wall along the plane II-II in Fig. 8, the concrete distribution (26) and the position of the insulating inserts (4) can be seen;

Fig. 10 shows the cross section of a wall along the plane III-III Figures 7 and 8;

FIGS. 11 and 12 show the first layer and the second layer in FIG a corner bandage;

Figures 13 and 14 show the first layer and the second layer in a pillar, respectively; and

15 and 16 show the first and second layers, respectively, of a standard bond with an inner wall abutting an outer wall.

According to the shape of the formwork insulating blocks shown (See. Fig. 1 and 2), the longitudinal webs 1 and 12 are made so thick that they the clamping pressure when without a central web Withstand milling, with their material such as lightweight concrete (pumice or expanded clay) themselves cause thermal insulation and may contain vertically continuous air slots 2. The air slots 2 reduce the stone raw density and direct the Heat flow to which the arrows 3 in Fig. 2 follows. As shown, the insulating block contains a vertically continuous one

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middle recess of the shape shown in the drawing, which serves as a concrete filling channel 9 on one side, while its remaining part is occupied by the insulating insert 4, which thus the concrete filling channel 9 on one side longitudinally the longitudinal direction of the stone is limited. The insulating insert 4 is vertically continuous, widens in the horizontal The plane (according to Fig. 2) is trapezoidal towards the middle of the stone and becomes laterally through the one facing it, i.e. in the longitudinal direction of the stone protruding paragraphs 5 'of the central recess delimiting the end transverse webs 5 of the insulating block held.

The trapezoidal shape of the insulating insert 4 corresponds to the inclined position, which is inclined against the transverse direction of the stone, of the position indicated by 6 Area of the transverse webs 5 which form the front ends of the insulating block and against which the insulating insert rests. By this oblique thickening of the transverse webs 5 in the direction of the one longitudinal web 1 and the corresponding reinforcement of their Integration will primarily result in an improved absorption of thermal energy Tensions reached by the considerable heat build-up on the building as a result of the insulating insert 4 on the longitudinal web 1 may occur. The transverse webs 5 thus protect the longitudinal webs from thermal movements. Furthermore, those for the longitudinal web thicker transverse webs 5 are better able to handle the clamping pressure of the milling machine indicated by the arrows 27 to include in the manufacture of the insulating bricks. At the same time, the unsupported part of the longitudinal web is shortened. On the other hand, the thermal insulation is not significantly impaired by the thickening, since the insulating insert 4 widens towards the middle of the stone.

These transverse webs 5 also make the water vapor diffusion particularly good promoted from the inside out. Furthermore, the webs that thicken at an angle to the inside of the wall lengthen 5 the heat flow paths along the arrows 3 (Fig. 2). Since the Crossbars 5 themselves made of heat-insulating lightweight concrete or the like.

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exist, the heat flow is not immediately in the less insulating filler concrete, as would be the case with thinner crossbars.

Also on the side facing the other longitudinal web 12, that is to say on the surfaces 10 delimiting the concrete filling channel 9 run (in normal stone) the transverse webs 5 initially at an angle, forming a similar thickening in the direction to the longitudinal web 12, so that here too thermal stresses are better absorbed than in the area of the filler concrete until now.

The concrete filling channel 9 tapers in the area of the surfaces 10 only up to an angular projection 13 around itself then expand outwards up to the longitudinal web 12 again. The shape of the projection 13 and that of the surface 10 opposite Slopes between the projection and the longitudinal web 12 are chosen so that "under load a firm anchorage the stone shell in the concrete poured into the channel 9 is guaranteed. This is important because the formwork insulating blocks dry (without joint mortar) storey high should be moved. The also ensures good adhesion of the longitudinal web 12 to the poured concrete at the middle of the stone from the web 12 inwardly projecting approach 14 with inwardly conically widening flanks. The extension 14 also widens conically from top to bottom in the vertical direction, as shown in FIG is.

In the area of the concrete filling channel 9 lead through the transverse webs 5 concrete cross channels 20 of the Fig. 3 recognizable shape on the stone floor outwards to the butt joints 15.

The insulation inserts 4 are simple cuts made of plates and can, for example, consist of rigid polystyrene foam or the like. are therefore less expensive than comb-like molded parts,

as they were usual up to now. Also is compared with known constructions labor-saving that only one plate per stone has to be inserted in the factory. Close by milling the entire surface of the support surfaces 8 the insulation inserts 4 flush with the upper and lower stone edges, and by their contact from stone to stone they form the important continuous thermal insulation.

The formwork insulation blocks described here are used in usually only used for exterior walls and receive a one-sided load due to the building ceiling, because the ceiling due to its deflection indicated by the dashed line 11 in Fig. 10 more on the Pressing inside of the wall. Because of this, the concrete filling channel is 9 arranged eccentrically closer to the inside of the wall. Due to the internal filling concrete core, the heat storage from the inside of the wall in the heavy part of the stones without being hindered by the insulating insert 4 guaranteed.

The bed joints of the stone on the surfaces 8 are known in Way milled with tongue and groove exactly fitting into each other, so that stone heights with an accuracy of + _ 0.5 mm result. The butt joints 15 also fit in known way with tongue and groove in each other, but are

not precisely machined, so that length tolerances in production from 3 to 6 mm can occur. It may also be necessary on the construction site to move the stones sideways, so that a certain length dimension is adhered to. For this purpose, the vertically continuous recess 16 is in the butt joints 15 is provided so that the filling concrete flowing in from above (see FIG. 9) seals the area in question. Since the Butt joint 15 is additionally sealed by external plaster 17 and internal plaster, is created at 19 during automatic backfilling the recess 16 inside the butt joint, which is known to provide even better thermal insulation

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acts as the stone material itself. This air trapped at 19 also prevents moisture penetration.

In order to be able to use the construction site (especially in the case of floor-to-ceiling dry assembly) To be able to work efficiently, you also need suitable supplementary blocks in the manner of a modular system. Experience has shown, however, that hardly more than 5% of the total mass a.ls special stones are required, so that the advantages of the normal stones according to Fig. 1 and 2 are partially dispensed with can. The standard design (95% of all walls) with normal bricks is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

In Fig. 4 a corner and end stone is shown. This stone is made without concrete cross channel 20 and on Wall corners and wall ends are used, as can be seen in FIGS. 11 to 14. The advantage of the straight, so except yourself in the area of the surfaces 6 non-tapering transverse webs 21 of these special stones is that here optionally on Construction to avoid unwanted thermal bridges on the left or right, inserting separate insulation inserts at 22 and This means, for example, that all corners and window and door reveals can be particularly thermally insulated. The advantages of the trapezoidal Insulating inserts 4, which are the same size as the normal stones, are retained. The end stones after Fig. 4 receive in a plan view during production stamp impressions, as shown at 23, so that when the next layer is laid transversely, the protruding springs of the Can accommodate areas 8 of the stone underside.

Fig. 5 shows a 1/2 brick that is needed on wall ends if a certain grid dimension has to be adhered to, for example 25 cm, see Fig. 11. The same applies for the 3/4 stone according to FIG. 6 with a grid dimension of, for example, 12.5 cm according to FIGS. 13 and 14. Here, too, the additional insulating inserts arranged transversely in the concrete channel 9

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be used.

Preferably, a flowing concrete according to DIN 1045 is to be used in the concrete filling channel 9, which is very flowable and at the same time has a high compressive strength. Due to the lack of a central web in the stone, as is usual with shell stones, and due to the central bond in the standard version, the floor-to-ceiling (2.75 m) poured concrete according to FIG. 9 can be very well inside the wall according to the Distribute arrows 26, namely vertically for the pressure load and at 45 ° for the Ρ wind bracing. It is important that the transverse webs 5 of the stones are integrated into the filler concrete from all sides and that the longitudinal webs 1 and 12 also have additional support. The recess 16 is also concreted over _; possibly via the filling channel of the stone lying offset in the longitudinal direction above the stone in question. The recess 16 can be connected to the transverse channel 20, which is used for better distribution of the filler concrete and provides a fixed bracing for the wind bracing at 45 °, which is particularly important in higher buildings.

A wall made of the formwork insulating blocks described here according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and the supplementary blocks according to FIGS. 3 to 6 achieves a k value of less than 0.50 W / m ² K and thus enables considerable energy savings. The thermal insulation remains equally good on all floors without varying. At the same time, such a wall is statically so highly resilient that up to eight-story high-rise buildings can be built with the stones described without additional measures for wind stiffening and thermal insulation.

Due to the explained modular system with the stones according to Fig. 1 and 2 or 3 to 6 walls can be dry mounted floor-to-floor and poured floor-by-floor with flowing concrete, for which hardly any skilled workers are required, but simple workers are usually able to build such walls in a working time of 1.8 to 2 hours / m ³

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can judge. The high thermal insulation, good heat storage, optimal. Vapor diffusion and maximum static load capacity with little effort at the same time guarantee a previously unattained economic efficiency.

With the insulating insert 4 inserted, the formwork insulating block is described intended for heat-insulating outer walls 29 (Fig. 15). But you can also leave out the insulating inserts (4) and then the otherwise unchanged formwork insulating block

Use IQ for interior walls 30. By around the room for the Dämmeinlage 4 enlarged concrete filling channel 9 'is the concrete portion correspondingly higher in the wall and thus the wall heavier. If the formwork insulating blocks are also used (with the same shapes and dimensions) with the addition of sand to the millable lightweight concrete, the soundproofing is achieved increased further in the direction of arrow 34 in FIG. It can with such a formwork -Isolierstein in a heavy design Sound insulation measurements of + 6dB can be achieved, while according to DIN 4109 normal sound insulation with 0 dB and

2Q the increased sound insulation + 3dB was specified.

As an important finding it was found in practice that a good soundproofing of the inner wall 30 as a partition wall can be lost if the flanking outer walls 2 9 are not also heavy enough, e.g. when using hollow blocks or other light stones a longitudinal sound line via secondary paths approximately along the arrow 35 in Fig.16 Reduce sound insulation. This problem is avoided, however, if the formwork insulating blocks provided with insulating inserts 4 the outer wall 29 to obstruct the secondary sound paths along the arrow 35 with its formed by the concrete in the filling channel 9 heavy part can be arranged on the inside of the wall.

For structural reasons, load-bearing inner walls are aligned with the outer walls at the same time to be raised and to be connected to one another in a non-positive manner. In the first layer of the soundproof

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Inside wall 30, the formwork insulating blocks without insulating insert 4 butt at 31 against the outside wall 29. In every second layer according to FIG. Then an anchor iron 33 is inserted, which connects the two components of the outer wall 29 and the inner wall 30 to one another. The filler concrete in the channels 9 and 9 ¹ , which is introduced floor-to-ceiling as flowing concrete, creates a non-positive connection and at the same time encases the anchor iron 33. The larger concrete filling channel 9 ¹ significantly increases the load-bearing capacity and the diagonal load-bearing capacity of the inner wall 30 (with regard to vertical loads and shear load-bearing capacity), which is important because, in contrast to outer walls, inner walls are always loaded on both sides and may have to absorb higher loads. The contact point 31 and the non-positive connection at 32 and through the anchor iron 33 can be made at any point, so that no grid dimension is required for this and the room sizes can be selected as desired.

Used for the outer walls (2 9) from the formwork insulating blocks with insulation inserts (4) and for the load-bearing interior walls (30) without insulation inserts the same wall thickness (e.g. 25 cm) is selected, are all required structural and structural properties with just one and the same stone material and consequently a particularly efficient construction is guaranteed.

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Claims (14)

DR.i DiETER vi BEZÖtD: -r DIPL. ING. PETER SCHUTZ "DIPL. ING.WOLFGANG HEUSLER PATENTANWÄLTE MARIA-THERES1A-STRASSE 22 POST BOX 86 02 60 D-8OOO MUENCHEN 86 Franz Hinse, 5400 Koblenz 1 Formwork insulating block Claims: APPROVED BY THE EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE EUROPEAN PATENT 08.01 470 60 06 TELEX 522 63S TELEGRAM SOMBEZ FAX CR Il + III (O89> 2716063 11675 / H / Elf 1. Formwork insulating block for building construction, one vertical through the stone through channel for filling concrete and one vertically on a longitudinal web of the stone arranged space for inserting a plate-shaped Contains thermal insulation insert which extends over the length of the stone between the transverse webs forming the stone ends, in particular with plane-parallel bearing surfaces with tongue and groove that are milled to the exact stone height, characterized, . that the space in which the insulating insert (4) can be used, widened in a trapezoidal shape in horizontal section from one longitudinal web (1) towards the middle of the stone and extends seamlessly over the entire height of the stone. 2. Schal-ungs ^ insulating stone in particular according to claim 2, characterized in that the insulating insert (4) is one longitudinal surface of the concrete filling channel (9) forms. COPY 'OSTSCHECK MÖNCHEN NO. 69I48-800 BANK ACCOUNT HYPOBANK. MÖNCHEN (BLZ 700 200 401 KTO. 60 60 257 378 SWIFT HYPO DE MM 3. Formwork insulating block in particular according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the two transverse webs (5) extend in a horizontal section from a central point to both longitudinal webs (1, 12) widen towards each. 4. Formwork insulating block according to claim 3, characterized in that the concrete filling channel (9) from an inner projection (13) of the transverse webs (5) from the longitudinal web (12) delimiting it expanded again. 5. Formwork insulating block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that of the concrete filling channel (9) delimiting the longitudinal web (12) a central extension (14) protrudes into the channel and widens vertically in the direction of the channel runs conically. 6. Formwork insulating block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating insert (4) of one of the adjacent longitudinal web (1) facing shoulder (5 ¹ ) on the inner surface (6) of the two transverse webs (5) is held. 7. Formwork insulating block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the concrete filling channel (9) eccentrically on the inside of the wall of only the transverse webs (5) and the longitudinal webs (1, 12) limited vertically continuous recess of the stone is arranged. 8. Formwork insulating block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the concrete filling channel (9) with the butt joints (15) of the stone through the transverse webs (5) at the bottom of the stone -ΈΡΌ copy m horizontally penetrating concrete ducts (20) is in communication. 3440704 9. Formwork insulating block according to one of claims 1 to 7 for use as a special stone, characterized that the end faces (transverse webs 21) formed without concrete transverse channels and completely closed are, and that in the longitudinal web (12) removed from the trapezoidal insulating insert (4) adjacent pocket-like recesses (28) are provided on both transverse webs (21), into which optionally transversely to the trapezoidal insulation insert (4) adjoining additional insulation panels (22) can be used. 10. Formwork insulating brick according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized by that in the butt joint (15) of the stone a vertical recess (16) is arranged, which when filling the Concrete can be filled automatically with the flowing concrete (arrows 26) and the butt joint is thus enclosed heat insulating standing air (19) seals. 11. Formwork insulating stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lightweight concrete material of the stone to improve sound insulation Sand is added. 12. Formwork insulating block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by such a shape and design that the integration of the inner walls (30) in the outer walls (2 9) can be made at any point, are statically non-positive and a free one Allow room design. 13. Use of the formwork insulating block in particular after one of the preceding claims without inserted insulating insert (4) with a correspondingly enlarged concrete filling channel (9 ') for an inner wall (30). 14. Use of the formwork insulating block according to one of the , the preceding claims adhere to the insulation insert (4) used for an outer wall (2 9), the through the filler concrete a11 f ^ p _{1 - the inside of the} wall is located.