DE3308716A1 - INSTALLATION KIT FOR A BOILER GOOD FOR THE TRANSPORT OF POWDER-SHAPED OR GRAVABLE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Module for producing a container, which is used to transport powdery or pourable freight and is in the form of a horizontal cylinder with a zigzag base plate (9) which is perforated like a sieve and inclined towards one, possibly a plurality of discharge openings or devices, the container without fixtures being one component of the module, the other component of which is an adapter kit, which matches the container, forms part of the container, yet is initially separate, and consists of two side walls (11, 12) and the base plate (9) with the discharge openings for powdery or pourable goods at its lower inflection edges and the discharge devices associated with the discharge openings, the side walls (11, 12) being of a size which allows them to be fitted in the lower container area such that they are inclined downwards and inwards, air escape openings being provided in the lower side areas in two cover plates of the two side walls (11, 12), between which cover plates there is an insert of a material with a high number of air ducts, the base plate being of a size which allows it to be fitted between the lower edges of the two side walls with an inflection edge extending at a right angle to the longitudinal direction of the container, and the number of discharge devices corresponding to the number of lower inflection edges of the base plate, which devices are of a size which allows them to pass by way of their outlets through corresponding openings in the container wall.

Description

Applicant: GRAAFF KG, Postfach 160, 3210 Elze 1

description of

Invention installation kit for a transport

of powdery or pourable

Well-serving cauldron

description

The changing conditions and needs of the transportation industry have made it desirable to have tankers and wagons originally designed for the transport of liquids, e.g. heating oil, were intended to be converted so that they could be used as tank wagons for the transport of dusty or pourable cargo can be. In the present context, the term solid is used for dusty or pourable cargo.

So far, liquids and solids have been transported with various special containers. It is more problematic the transport of liquids from the point of view of discharge. Lying, cylindrical tanks, which are on a corresponding Chassis are placed, are filled through openings on the top of the tank and through openings on the bottom of the tank emptied. The outlet openings only need to be released so that the liquid can flow out of the tank through the action of gravity alone. It just has to be on it care must be taken that the outlet opening or outlet openings

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lie at the lowest point or correspondingly low-lying points of the tank. If this condition is met, there is none complete emptying of the tank is possible with special aids.

The transport of powdery or free-flowing cargo, i.e. solid cargo, was originally used by upright cylindrical cargo Boiler, the lower end of which is funnel-shaped. Appropriate for the best possible utilization of the load-bearing capacity Vehicles several such boilers are arranged one behind the other as close as possible to one another on a chassis. In the course of development, it made sense to combine the boilers of a vehicle with one another, so that a horizontal one A cylindrical structure was created with funnel-shaped outlets on the underside - corresponding to the original number of boilers follow one another. Both versions are used today as rail and road tank vehicles.

While emptying a tank designed for the transport of liquids generally presents no particular problems, such problems arise when emptying boilers that are used to transport solid goods. This cargo bakes During the transport together, in the area of the outlets, bridges are formed which prevent the transported goods from sliding into the hinder or even prevent open outlets during the unloading process. This circumstance is in known transport

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boilers for solid goods are taken into account in several ways. Essential Measures are appropriate angles of inclination of the outlet funnel and the design of the walls of the outlet funnel as ventilation surfaces. At the ventilation surfaces occurs through the perforated Walls of the outlet funnels introduce air into the funnel so that the load in the funnel area is fluidized, i.e. a mixture arises from air and cargo particles, which makes it much easier for the cargo to escape. In addition, the caking of Loads on the hopper wall during the unloading process and thus prevents bridging. The funnel wall itself and the boiler wall in the funnel area are designed as a ventilation surface. The air used for ventilation is generally part of the transport air that is responsible for the onward transport of the load after it has left the boiler, for example serves in a bunker.

According to the different conditions of use and accordingly With different structures, the different tank and boiler types are also manufactured differently. With liquid tanks Usually several shots are put together to form a tube, on both ends of which lids are then placed. Solid material boiler are usually built up progressively from individual plates.

The different construction principles of liquid tanks and solid material boilers make it impossible to transport different loads with one and the same type of container, which is why G 98 P 144

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FOLLOW-UP

for the transport of solid goods as well as for the transport of liquids a corresponding number of tank and tank cars must be kept in stock. In both cases is to be provided for the Transport capacity should be based on the largest expected transport volume in each case. Surrender to one or the other If the goods to be transported have major and lasting changes downwards, a corresponding part of the transport capacity is shut down. Decommissioned transport capacity means tied up funds without benefit. Often the developments run on both of them areas in question here oppose each other.

Such a situation currently exists, for example. Because of the increased prices, the demand for mineral oil has decreased and numerous tankers are idle. The decline in used due to the rise in crude oil prices Tank truck capacity is offset by an increased need for solid tank wagons because of the generation of secondary energy is switched to primary energy sources other than mineral oil, the accumulation of dusty and free-flowing goods increases is, especially in connection with stricter regulations against environmental pollution. The shutdown of tank room capacity with the simultaneous construction of new boiler room capacity is not economical, there is a need to move the tank room into the boiler room To be able to convert, an economical possibility for this conversion is not until today, despite the existing need g -: <vines.

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This is where the invention comes in, in that it is based on the task / a way of creating a liquid tank in the form of a lying cylindrical container with economical Can be converted into a boiler serving to hold solid material at a reasonable cost, the one present after the conversion Boiler should not have any disadvantages in relation to the discharge compared to the containers, which from the outset as Solid material boilers are designed.

The work to solve the problem led to a kit with the features that result from the claims. The basic idea of the invention resulting from the patent claims is that by inserting basically taken three plates, two side plates and a bottom plate, a tank in the lower area is designed so that in connection with corresponding omissions, there are ratios as they are required for a solid material boiler and for normal ones Solid material boilers are also available. With a reasonable amount of effort, the same ratios are achieved if the inventive Kit-forming panels are designed according to the claims.

When working to solve the problem, as the invention This not only resulted in a kit that was particularly suitable for the conversion. The kit according to the invention Rather, it also enables a much more efficient new construction of solid fuel boilers than was previously possible.

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The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, this explanation is not intended to result in any restriction of the invention characterized by the patent claims. In the drawing show:

1 shows a tank converted according to the invention in a side view,

^ig * lB tank variants,
Fig * 2 shows a simplified cross-section through the upgraded

Tank according to Fig.l and
3 shows a variant in a representation corresponding to FIG.

The starting point of the invention is a conventional tank 1, whose cylindrical middle section la is composed of several sections and each of the two ends by a bottom 2 or 3 is closed (Fig.l). At the top in the middle of the tank is a closable inlet 4 through which the tank can be filled with liquid. The lower tank outlet is no longer there, it is in the area of the outlet to think of, however, already part of the retrofitted according to the invention Tanks is. The tank 1 is mounted on a chassis 6 which is intended for rail traffic. However, this is related insignificant with the invention. The tank can be mounted on a truck chassis, it can be stored in a stationary manner and it can be accommodated in a stackable transport frame

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be. If necessary, the inside of the tank can also already be divided into several sections by partition walls 7, 8, whereby then each section has its own upper inlet 4,4a, 4b and one own lower outlet 5,5a, 5b and each section for transport Another type of liquid can be used if the partitions 7, 8 the sections are liquid-tight from one another separate. The number of sections created in this way can in principle be arbitrary. In Fig.la, Ib is a Tank or boiler divided into two sections (partition 7a); in Fig.la the tank is built into a framework 6a.

If one now assumes that such a liquid tank is to be converted so that it becomes a boiler for the Transport and storage of powdery or free-flowing material is suitable, an inventive one expediently finds Installation kit use.

A horizontal floor 9 is welded into the lower area of the steel tank, the distance between the floor and the The lower surface line determines its possible width (Fig.1,2). The bottom 9 forms a zigzag band in the transverse direction of the tank running reversal lines, the upper reversal lines in the area of the partition walls 7, 8, the lower reversal lines in the area the outlets 5, 5a, 5b are located. The slope of the sections of the The zigzag floor against the horizontal depends on the goods to be transported. As in the primarily assumed execution G 98 P 144 offers three sections through the partition walls 7, 8

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the possibility of transport also different To provide solids and to make the inclination of the individual sections of the soil different from the horizontal, so that in the area of the partitions 7.8 correspondingly high steps 9a arise. Is it a boiler without the partition walls 7,8 or subdivide the correspondingly low partition walls 7,8 entire boiler room in different sections, but without completely sealing them off from each other, so that the transport different goods is not provided, the angle of inclination of the floor sections to the horizontal is about the entire length of the floor is kept constant, there are no vertical steps 9a. Does the boiler have no partitions or be this expanded during the conversion from tank to boiler, so the entire floor can be prefabricated as an assembly and as a complete prefabricated assembly can be installed.

The bottom is on vertical webs 10 on the tank or boiler wall supported. Two side walls 11, 12 are welded to the bottom 9 at the longitudinal edges and are set obliquely into the tank and are welded to the tank wall approximately in the transverse center plane tapering funnel. Since the side walls have a constant height and follow the contour of the zigzag floor, this also results for the upper one Edge of the side walls made up of individual panels have a zigzag contour (Fig.l).

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The inlets 4– are at least essentially unchanged. After the retrofit, the outlets 5 are collection pockets that are connected to a pneumatic emptying system transport the goods to a storage bunker, for example.

In order to be able to keep the inclination of the individual floor sections low, empty the boiler quickly and completely To be able to, in particular the bottom 9 is designed as a known ventilation surface. Two cover plates come with one A large number of holes, preferably coaxially arranged, are provided and a woven or fleece structure is provided between the cover plates inserted. The floor, which is designed as a ventilation surface, allows air in quantity and speed into the boiler are blown in that caking of the material on the ground is prevented, the material is lifted from the ground and at least in the area The material is fluidized in the soil, i.e. a mixture of air and material is created, which can be passed through the outlets without difficulty can get into the pneumatic conveyor system. The extent to which the boiler contents are fluidized depends on the amount blown in The amount of air depends, like the intended inflow speed, on the nature of the goods. Possibly is it is expedient to design not only the floor as a ventilation surface, but also the side plates 11, 12, at least in the lower ones Areas (Fig. 3).

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The cylinder segments between the side plates 11, 12 and the boiler wall are filled with insulating material 13, as far as they are are not part of the ventilation surfaces, i.e. serve to guide the air. This boiler insulation is in the lower boiler area therefore important, because otherwise there is a risk that condensation will condense on the side plates with the goods mixed and the holes of the ventilation surfaces clogs, but at least a much higher energy expenditure is necessary to prevent the ventilation panels from clogging by using more air. The insulation material should be chosen like this that it stiffens the side plates so that they remain absolutely flat despite their small thickness, which also reduces the discharge of material favored. With little use of material and weight, absolutely flat side plates are guaranteed.

On the other hand, the side panels can also consist of an elastic or flexible film or the like, which rests against the boiler wall for transport, so that the boiler contents are almost completely used for the transport of goods can be. In the cylinder spaces between the "side walls" and the boiler wall, i.e. behind the foil, is used for emptying air is blown into the boiler, which lifts the film from the boiler wall, facilitates the drainage of the material from the boiler and at the end assumes the contour that the side plates 11, 12 assume in the solution described above. The foil can be unperforated no, to enable a quick straightening up, or she can

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be provided with a perforation which is dimensioned so that the film is erected with a delay, but still the one described above The effect of ventilation surfaces is created. If necessary, the totality of side panels and base can also be a corresponding one be formed liner made of film material that straightens up under the action of blown air.

The flow cross-sections at the ventilation areas can have an average value for a large number of cargo types, different ventilation surfaces with different flow cross-sections can be kept in stock and when changing of the cargo can be replaced if necessary, or the flow cross-sections of permanently installed ventilation surfaces can be changed be. The individual flow cross-sections within a ventilation area can and ultimately can be different Areas of different individual flow cross-sections are created, for example holes of different cross-sections be provided or a different number of holes with the same cross-sections can be provided per unit area be, as the sections 9b, 9c of the bottom 9 in FIG. 1 explain. The air supply to the individual areas 9b and 9c can be regulated differently by valves 14, 15 in the air supply system 16 be.

The panels that form the ventilation surfaces can also homogeneous blocks with a large number of almost capillary air outlets

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be, for example made of porous sintered material, in particular Be ceramic.

While solving the problem of converting a liquid tank in a boiler for powdery or pourable material, whereby the kit according to the invention was developed, has show that not only is a particularly economical conversion of a liquid tank possible, but that the principle can also be used to advantage in the manufacture of new boilers. Individual shots will be with them Associated parts of the kit prefabricated to assemblies and then assembled to the boiler center part, at its ends then the floors 2.3 are set. The shots with the internals and the entire boiler can thus be manufactured particularly efficiently.

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Claims (1)

Claims 1 “Installation kit for a horizontal, cylindrical, transport of powdery or free-flowing cargo, characterized by two symmetrical to the lower one Generating line arranged, inclined symmetrically inwards to the lower generating line, connected to the inside of the cylinder Side plates (11,12), the lower edges of which are connected to one another by a zigzag-shaped base plate (9) are, the reversal lines of the base plate run transversely to the cylinder longitudinal axis and in the area of the lower Reversal lines are arranged in the bottom openings (5), to which discharge devices penetrating the cylinder wall connect. 2. Installation kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the base plate (9) is provided with air passage openings through which the exit through the discharge devices March 10, 1983 ::. ":.. -:: j after reaching I air is mixed into the cargo to facilitate its exit from the container to remove any solids from the cargo to get evenly permeated fluid. 3. Installation kit according to claim 2, characterized in that the side plates (11, 12) in the region of the base plate (9) are provided with appropriate air passage openings. 4. Installation kit according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the entirety of the air passage openings in sections (9b, 9c) is divided into different flow conditions. 5. Installation kit according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that that the air passage openings are provided in plates, which preferably consist of two cover plates coaxially arranged holes exist, between which an insert made of a material with an extreme variety is arranged by air ducts. 6. Installation kit according to claim 5, characterized in that the insert is a woven or non-woven fiber web. G 98 P 144 March 10, 1983 - 2 - _ 3 - I NACHCSEi ~ vEIOHT | 7. Installation kit according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that that the air passage openings in plates made of permporous sintered material, such as ceramic are arranged. 8 »Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that that container partition walls are placed on the base plate (9) in the area of the upper return lines, which create a plurality of separate or interconnected container sections. 9ο installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that the cylinder sections between the container wall and the side plates (11,12) support elements (13) for the Pick up side plates. 10. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that that the cylinder sections between the container wall and the side plates (11, 12) are thermally insulating Pick up material (13). 11. Installation kit according to claim 9 or claim 10, characterized in that that the cylinder sections between the container wall and the side plates (11,12) with a temperature insulating Rigid foam (13) are filled with foam. G 98 P 144 10 March 1983 - 4 12. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the side plates (11,12) from below controlled by the action of compressed air. 13. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the contour of the side plates and the Base plate is formed with a film-shaped container insert, on the one hand the one enclosed by the container insert Load, on the other hand, acts of compressed air, which is introduced into the area between the container wall and the film in a controlled manner will. 14. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 13, gekenneichnet by the subsequent installation of the kit parts in a lying cylindrical container to prevent this from the intended use of the transport of liquids to intended use of the transport of powder !! or retrofitting pourable cargo. 15. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by the installation of the kit parts during assembly of a lying cylindrical, the transport of powdery! or pourable cargo serving container. G 98 P 144 March 10, 1983 - 5 - 16. Method of assembling a container with an installation kit according to claim 15, characterized in that individual sections and the lid of the container are prefabricated and while the parts of the installation kit belonging to the corresponding container sections are installed and then the so formed assemblies are assembled to the container. G 98 P 144
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