EP0118902A2 - Construction unit for a container - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Module for producing a container, which is used to transport powdery or pourable freight and is in the form of a horizontal cylinder with a zigzag base plate (9) which is perforated like a sieve and inclined towards one, possibly a plurality of discharge openings or devices, the container without fixtures being one component of the module, the other component of which is an adapter kit, which matches the container, forms part of the container, yet is initially separate, and consists of two side walls (11, 12) and the base plate (9) with the discharge openings for powdery or pourable goods at its lower inflection edges and the discharge devices associated with the discharge openings, the side walls (11, 12) being of a size which allows them to be fitted in the lower container area such that they are inclined downwards and inwards, air escape openings being provided in the lower side areas in two cover plates of the two side walls (11, 12), between which cover plates there is an insert of a material with a high number of air ducts, the base plate being of a size which allows it to be fitted between the lower edges of the two side walls with an inflection edge extending at a right angle to the longitudinal direction of the container, and the number of discharge devices corresponding to the number of lower inflection edges of the base plate, which devices are of a size which allows them to pass by way of their outlets through corresponding openings in the container wall.

Description

The changing conditions and needs of the transportation industry have made it appear desirable to have tankers and wagons originally designed for the transportation of liquids, e.g. Heating oil, were determined to convert so that they can be used as tank wagons for the transport of dust or free-flowing cargo. In the present context, the term solid is used for dust or free-flowing cargo.

Up to now, liquids and solids have been transported using various special containers. The transport of liquids is easier from the point of view of discharge. Horizontal, cylindrical tanks that are placed on a corresponding chassis are filled through openings on the top of the tank and emptied through openings on the bottom of the tank. The outlet openings only have to be released so that the liquid can flow out of the tank solely by the action of gravity. It is only necessary to ensure that the outlet opening or outlet openings lie at the lowest point or correspondingly low-lying points of the tank. If this condition is met, the tank can be completely emptied without special aids.

Originally, upright cylindrical vessels, the lower end of which is funnel-shaped, were used to transport powdery or free-flowing cargo, i.e. solid goods. In order to make the best possible use of the load-bearing capacity of corresponding vehicles, several such boilers are arranged one behind the other on a chassis. In the course of development, it was advisable to combine the boilers of a vehicle with one another, so that a lying cylindrical structure was formed, on the underside of which funnel-shaped outlets follow one another, corresponding to the original number of boilers. Both versions are used today as rail and road tank vehicles.

While emptying a tank intended for the transport of liquids does not generally present any particular problems, such problems arise when emptying boilers which are used to transport solid material. This transport good cakes during transport, bridges form in the area of the outlets, which prevent or even prevent the transport goods from slipping into the open outlets during the unloading process. This is taken into account in known transport boilers for solid goods in several ways. Significant measures are appropriate angles of inclination of the outlet funnels and the formation of the walls of the outlet funnels as ventilation surfaces. In the ventilation areas, air enters the funnel through the perforated walls of the outlet funnel, so that the cargo is fluidized in the funnel area, ie a mixture of air and cargo particles is formed, which considerably facilitates the good exit. In addition, the caking of cargo on the hopper wall during the unloading process and thus the formation of bridges is prevented. The funnel wall itself and the boiler wall in the funnel area can be designed as a ventilation surface. The air used for ventilation is generally part of the transport air, which is used to transport the cargo after leaving the boiler, for example into a bunker.

The different types of tanks and boilers are also manufactured differently in accordance with the different conditions of use and the different structure. In the case of liquid tanks, several shots are usually put together to form a tube, on the two ends of which covers are then placed. Solid-fuel boilers are mostly built up progressively from individual plates.

The different design principles of liquid tanks and solid goods boilers make it impossible to transport different loads with one and the same container type, which is why a corresponding number of tank and tank wagons must be kept in stock for both solid goods transport and liquid transport. In both cases, the largest transport volume to be expected is to be used as the basis for the transport capacity to be provided. If there are major and sustainable changes in one or another of the goods to be transported, a corresponding part of the transport capacity is shut down. Decommissioned transport capacity means tied up funds without benefit. Developments in the two areas in question often run counter to one another.

Such a situation currently exists, for example. Due to the increased prices, the demand for mineral oil has decreased and numerous tankers are idle. The decline in the tanker capacity used due to the increased crude oil prices is offset by an increased demand for solid-fuel tank wagons, because when secondary energy is produced, primary energy sources other than mineral oil are used, and the amount of dusty and free-flowing goods has increased, especially in connection with more stringent ones Regulations against environmental pollution. Shutting down tank room capacity while building new boiler room capacity is not economical, there is a need to be able to convert tank room into boiler room, an economical possibility for this conversion is still not available despite the existing need.

This is where the invention comes in, based on the object of creating a possibility of converting a liquid tank in the form of a lying cylindrical container into an economically justifiable boiler that can hold solid matter, the boiler present after the conversion with regard to the Discharge should not have any disadvantages compared to the containers, which are designed from the outset as a solid material boiler.

The work to solve the task resulted in a kit with the features that result from the claims. The basic idea of the invention resulting from the claims is that by inserting basically three plates, two side plates and a base plate, a tank in the lower region is designed in such a way that there are conditions in connection with corresponding outlets, such as those for one Solid-fuel boilers are required and are also available with conventional solid-goods boilers. The same conditions are achieved with reasonable effort if the plates forming the kit according to the invention are designed in accordance with the patent claims.

When working on the solution to the problem on which the invention is based, however, it was not only a kit which was particularly suitable for the conversion. The kit according to the invention also enables a much more efficient construction of solid fuel boilers than was previously possible.

• Fig. 1 einen erfindungsgemäß umgerüsteten Tank in der Seitenansicht,
• Fig.la, lb Tankvarianten,
• Fig. 2 einen vereinfachten Querschnitt durch den umgerüsteten Tank gemäß Fig.l,
• Fig. 3 eine Variante in einer Fig.2 entsprechenden Darstellung. und
• Fig.4 eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, wobei ausgegangen wird von der Lösung und Darstellung für die Fig.2.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, this explanation not being intended to restrict the invention characterized by the patent claims. The drawing shows:

• 1 is a side view of a tank converted according to the invention,
• Fig.la, lb tank variants,
• 2 shows a simplified cross section through the converted tank according to FIG. 1,
• Fig. 3 shows a variant in a representation corresponding to Fig.2. and
• 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention, starting from the solution and representation for the Fig.2.

The starting point of the invention is a conventional tank 1, the cylindrical middle section la of which is composed of several shots and which is closed at both ends by a bottom 2 or 3 (FIG. 1). In the middle of the tank there is a closable inlet 4 through which the tank can be filled with liquid. The lower tank outlet is no longer available, it is to be thought in the area of the outlet 5, which, however, is already part of the tank converted according to the invention. The tank 1 is mounted on a chassis 6 which is intended for rail traffic. However, this is immaterial in connection with the invention. The tank can be mounted on a truck chassis, it can be stationary and it can be housed in a stackable transport frame. If necessary, the interior of the tank can already be divided into several sections by partitions 7, 8, each section then having its own upper inlet 4,4a, 4b and its own lower outlet 5,5a, 5b and each section for transporting a different type of Liquid can be used if the partitions 7, 8 separate the sections from one another in a liquid-tight manner. Basically, the number of sections created in this way can be arbitrary. In Fig.la, lb, a tank or boiler is divided into two sections (partition 7a); in Fig.la the tank is built into a frame 6a.

If it is now assumed that such a liquid tank is to be converted so that it becomes a boiler which is suitable for the transport and storage of powdery or free-flowing material, an installation kit according to the invention is expediently used.

A horizontal base 9 is welded into the lower region of the steel tank, the distance of the base from the lower surface line determining its possible width (FIG. 1, 2). The bottom 9 forms a zigzag-shaped band with reversal lines running in the transverse direction of the tank, the upper reversal lines being in the region of the dividing walls 7, 8, the lower reversal lines being in the region of the outlets 5,5a, 5b. The inclination of the sections of the zigzag base against the horizontal depends on the goods to be expected. Since there are three sections through the partition walls 7, 8 in the primarily required embodiment, it makes sense to provide the possibility of transporting different solids and to make the inclination of the individual sections of the floor different from the horizontal, so that in the area of Partitions 7,8 correspondingly high levels 9a arise. If it is a boiler without the dividing walls 7, 8 or dividing correspondingly low dividing walls 7, 8 the entire boiler room into different sections, but without completely sealing them off from one another, so that the transport of different goods is not provided, the angle of inclination becomes the floor sections are kept constant against the horizontal over the entire floor length, vertical steps 9a do not arise. If the boiler has no partitions or if these are removed from the tank to the boiler during the conversion, the entire floor can be prefabricated as an assembly and installed as a complete prefabricated assembly.

The floor is supported on the tank or boiler wall via vertical webs 10. Two side walls 11, 12 are welded to the bottom 9 on the longitudinal edges, which are set obliquely in the tank and are welded to the tank wall approximately in the transverse median plane. A funnel that tapers towards the bottom is created in the tank cross-section. Since the side walls have a constant height and follow the contour of the zigzag bottom, there is also a zigzag contour for the upper edge of the side walls made up of individual plates (Fig.l).

The inlets 4 are at least essentially unchanged. After the retrofitting, the outlets 5 are collection pockets which are connected to a pneumatic emptying system and which transport the goods, for example, to a storage bunker.

In order to be able to keep the inclination of the individual floor sections low, but to be able to empty the boiler quickly and completely, the floor 9 in particular is designed as a ventilation surface which is known per se. Two cover plates are provided with a plurality of holes, preferably arranged coaxially, and a woven or non-woven structure is inserted between the cover plates. Through the bottom designed as a ventilation surface, air can be blown into the boiler in the quantity and at the speed that prevents caking of the goods on the floor, that the goods are lifted off the floor and that the goods are fluidized, at least in the area of the floor, i.e. a mixture of air and material is created that can easily get into the pneumatic conveyor system through the outlets. The extent to which the contents of the boiler are fluidized depends on the amount of air blown in, which, like the intended inflow velocity, depends on the nature of the goods. It may be appropriate not only to design the floor as a ventilation surface, but also the side plates 11, 12 at least in the lower regions (FIG. 3).

The cylinder segments between the side plates 11, 12 and the boiler wall are filled with insulating material 13 insofar as they are not part of the ventilation surfaces, that is, they serve to guide the air. This boiler insulation in the lower area of the boiler is important because otherwise there is a risk that condensation water will deposit on the side plates, mix with the material and clog the holes in the ventilation surfaces. but at least a much higher energy expenditure is necessary in order to prevent clogging of the ventilation plates by increased use of blown air. The insulating material should be selected so that it stiffens the side plates so that they remain flat despite the small thickness, which also promotes good discharge. Flat side plates are guaranteed with low material and weight.

On the other hand, the side plates can also consist of an elastic or resilient film or the like which lies against the boiler wall for transport, so that the contents of the boiler can be used almost completely for the transport of goods. For emptying the boiler, air is blown into the cylinder spaces between the "side walls" and the boiler wall, i.e. behind the foil, which lifts the foil from the boiler wall, promotes the flow of the material out of the boiler and finally takes on the contour that take the side plates 11, 12 in the solution described above. The film can be unperforated to enable rapid erection, or it can be provided with a perforation that is dimensioned such that the film is erected with a delay, but still produces the above-described effect of ventilation surfaces. If appropriate, the entirety of the side plates and base can also be a correspondingly shaped liner made of foil material, which lifts up under the effect of blown-in air.

The flow cross-sections at the ventilation surfaces can have an average value for a large number of loads, different ventilation surfaces with different flow cross-sections can be kept in stock and, if necessary, replaced when the load is changed, or the flow cross-sections of permanently installed ventilation surfaces can be changeable. The individual flow cross sections within an aeration area can also be different and finally areas of different individual flow cross sections can be created, for example holes of different cross sections can be provided or a different number of holes with the same cross sections can be provided per unit area, as is the case in sections 9b, 9c of the base 9 explain in Fig. 1. The air supply to the individual areas 9b and 9c can be regulated differently by valves 14, 15 in the air supply system 16.

The plates that form the ventilation surfaces can also be homogeneous blocks with a large number of almost capillary air passages, for example made of porous sintered material, in particular ceramic.

While solving the problem of converting a liquid tank into one Boiler for powder or free-flowing material, whereby the kit according to the invention was developed, has shown that not only a particularly economical retrofitting of a liquid tank is possible, but that the principle can also be used advantageously in the new production of boilers. Individual shots are prefabricated with the parts of the kit belonging to them into assemblies and then put together to form the middle part of the boiler, at the ends of which the bases 2, 3 are then attached. The shots with the internals and the complete boiler can be manufactured particularly efficiently.

In particular, when air is blown into the boiler for emptying in order to fluidize the load well and to promote emptying, an overpressure arises in the interior of the boiler, which is accounted for by appropriate measurement of the counterpressure in the cylinder segments between the side surfaces 11, 12 and the boiler wall must be worn. In the solutions described so far, this can be done by a correspondingly rigid design of the insulating material 13 or by a corresponding pneumatic pressure build-up in the solution, in which the side plates are formed from a flexible film.

Another solution for an appropriate pressure equalization is shown in FIG. 4, which starts from the solution according to FIG. 2, but can also apply to the area of the solution according to FIG. 3, in which the insulating material 13 is located. The non-perforated side plates 11, 12 in the area in which the insulating material 13 takes up in the solutions according to FIG. 2, 3 are made of a material and in a dimension that allows them to withstand the weight of the load, which as a rule is about 11 / 12 corresponds to the load from the cargo and the excess pressure to be built up inside the boiler for unloading. On the inside of the boiler wall, pipe rings 17, 18 are laid, which extend from the area of the upper apex line to the areas of the vertical webs 10. A reasonable number of them are distributed over the length of the boiler. At their upper ends they are connected to the interior of the boiler via openings 19, filter mats 20 assigned to the openings preventing cargo from getting into the pipe rings 17, 18. In the area of the side plates 11, 12, openings 21 are provided in the walls of the tube rings 17, 18, so that the interior of the boiler via the openings 19, the tube rings 17, 18 and the openings 21, with the cylinder segments between the side plates 11, 12 and the cylinder wall is connected, there is pressure and temperature compensation between the boiler interior and these cylinder segments, the same pressures and temperatures prevail on both sides of the plates 11, 12 and the plates 11, 12 can be made correspondingly thinner and temperature insulation is not required can.

The horizontal base 9 can also be riveted or screwed in instead of welded into the steel tank.

Claims (19)

1.Installation kit for a horizontal, cylindrical container for the transport of powdery or free-flowing cargo, characterized by two symmetrical inwards arranged to the lower surface line, symmetrically inwardly inclined to the lower surface line, connected to the inside of the cylinder, the lower side plates Edges are connected to one another by a zigzag-shaped base plate (9), the reversal lines of the base plate running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder and bottom openings (5) being arranged in the region of the lower reversal lines, to which discharge devices passing through the cylinder wall are connected. 2. Installation kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the base plate (9) is provided with air passage openings through which air is added to the cargo emerging through the discharge devices to facilitate the exit from the container, to a fluid permeated by solids of the cargo receive. 3. Installation kit according to claim 2, characterized in that the side plates (11, 12) in the region of the base plate (9) are provided with corresponding air passage openings. 4. Installation kit according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the entirety of the air passage openings in sections (9b, 9c) is divided into different flow conditions. 5. Installation kit according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the air passage openings are provided in plates which consist of two cover plates with preferably coaxially arranged holes, between which an insert made of a material with an extreme variety of Luftführungska- 'channels arranged is. 6. Installation kit according to claim 5, characterized in that the insert is a woven or non-woven fiber web. 7. Installation kit according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the air passage openings are arranged in plates made of permeable sintered material, for example ceramic. 8. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that on the base plate (9) in the region of the upper lines of reversal, container partition walls are placed, which create several mutually separate or interconnected container sections. 9. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cylinder sections between the container wall and the side plates (11, 12) receive support elements (13) for the side plates. 10. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cylinder sections between the container wall and the side plates (11, 12) accommodate a temperature-insulating material (13). 11. Installation kit according to claim 9 or claim 10, characterized in that the cylinder sections between the container wall and the side plates (11, 12) are foamed with a temperature-insulating rigid foam (13). 12. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cylinder sections between the container wall and the unperforated side plates (11, 12) or unperforated side plate sections form air chambers which are connected to the interior of the boiler in order to compensate for pressure and temperature between To effect boiler interior and cylinder sections. 13. Installation kit according to claim 12, characterized in that the connection between the cylinder sections and the interior of the boiler takes place through pipes (17, 18) guided along the inside of the boiler. 14. Installation kit according to claim 13, characterized in that in the openings (19) with which the tubes (17, 18) open into the interior of the boiler, filters (20) are inserted in order to prevent the load from entering the tubes. 15. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the side plates (11, 12) consist of elastically compliant material in a controlled manner under the action of compressed air. 16. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 11 and 15, characterized in that the contour of the side plates and the base plate is formed with a film-shaped container insert, on the one hand the cargo enclosed by the container insert, on the other hand, compressed air acts, which controls in the Area between the container wall and film is introduced. 17. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 16, marked by the subsequent installation of the kit parts in a horizontal cylindrical container in order to convert this from the intended use of the transport of liquids to the intended use of the transport of powdered or free-flowing cargo. - 18. Installation kit according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by the installation of the kit parts during the assembly of a lying cylindrical, the transport of powdery or free-flowing cargo container. 19. A method for assembling a container with an installation kit according to claim 18, characterized in that individual shots and the lid of the container are prefabricated and the parts of the installation kit belonging to the corresponding container sections are installed and then the assemblies thus formed are assembled to form the container.

Images