DE3021775C3 - Stabiler und nicht kariogener klassischer zuckerfreier Kaugummi und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung - Google Patents
Stabiler und nicht kariogener klassischer zuckerfreier Kaugummi und Verfahren zu dessen HerstellungInfo
- Publication number
- DE3021775C3 DE3021775C3 DE3021775A DE3021775A DE3021775C3 DE 3021775 C3 DE3021775 C3 DE 3021775C3 DE 3021775 A DE3021775 A DE 3021775A DE 3021775 A DE3021775 A DE 3021775A DE 3021775 C3 DE3021775 C3 DE 3021775C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- chewing gum
- less
- hydrolyzate
- sorbitol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000015218 chewing gum Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 62
- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 title claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000001013 cariogenic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 41
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000845 maltitol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010449 maltitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940035436 maltitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims 7
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 36
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920002245 Dextrose equivalent Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001908 Hydrogenated starch hydrolysate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001938 Vegetable gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019568 aromas Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001855 mannitol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004909 Moisturizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010009736 Protein Hydrolysates Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylsulfamic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002303 glucose derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001333 moisturizer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021096 natural sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015260 sugar-free gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G4/10—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
- A23G4/20—Composite products, e.g. centre-filled, multi-layer, laminated
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7915479A FR2459002A1 (fr) | 1979-06-15 | 1979-06-15 | Chewing-gum perfectionne du type sans sucre |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3021775A1 DE3021775A1 (de) | 1980-12-18 |
| DE3021775C2 DE3021775C2 (en, 2012) | 1990-02-01 |
| DE3021775C3 true DE3021775C3 (de) | 1995-10-12 |
Family
ID=9226709
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3021775A Expired - Lifetime DE3021775C3 (de) | 1979-06-15 | 1980-06-10 | Stabiler und nicht kariogener klassischer zuckerfreier Kaugummi und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4382962A (en, 2012) |
| JP (1) | JPS5639748A (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA1166064A (en, 2012) |
| CH (1) | CH652892A5 (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE3021775C3 (en, 2012) |
| DK (1) | DK157425C (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR2459002A1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB2053651B (en, 2012) |
| IT (1) | IT1131819B (en, 2012) |
| NL (1) | NL191377C (en, 2012) |
| NO (1) | NO152399C (en, 2012) |
| SE (1) | SE449682B (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4271197A (en) * | 1979-06-21 | 1981-06-02 | Walter Hopkins | Chewing gum containing sugar substitute |
| US4514422A (en) * | 1981-12-22 | 1985-04-30 | Warner-Lambert Company | Non-staling gum composition and method of preparation |
| FR2525868A1 (fr) * | 1982-04-30 | 1983-11-04 | Roquette Freres | Bonbon " sucre cuit " sans sucre |
| EP0125313A1 (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1984-11-21 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Anhydrous chewing gum |
| JPS60253360A (ja) * | 1983-12-05 | 1985-12-14 | Nippo Tsushin Kogyo Kk | 通信システム |
| US4671967A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1987-06-09 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Carbohydrate syrups and methods of preparation |
| US4671961A (en) * | 1984-05-18 | 1987-06-09 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Chewing gum compositions and methods of preparation |
| FR2575038B1 (fr) * | 1984-12-21 | 1990-03-16 | Roquette Freres | Chewing-gum sans sucre mouchete et son procede de fabrication |
| US4582707A (en) * | 1984-12-26 | 1986-04-15 | Nabisco Brands, Inc. | Non-sticking chewing gum |
| US4726953A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1988-02-23 | Nabisco Brands, Inc. | Sweet flavorful soft flexible sugarless chewing gum |
| US4786491A (en) * | 1987-08-05 | 1988-11-22 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Sweet emulsion for chewing gum |
| US4963359A (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1990-10-16 | Plough, Inc. | Non-cariogenic confections |
| GB8927130D0 (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1990-01-31 | Cerestar Holding Bv | Chewing gum composition |
| FR2688792B1 (fr) * | 1992-03-19 | 1994-06-10 | Roquette Freres | Hydrolysat d'amidon hydrogene hypocariogene, procede de preparation et application de cet hydrolysat. |
| FR2705207B1 (fr) * | 1993-05-17 | 1995-07-28 | Roquette Freres | Procédé de dragéification dure sans sucre et produits ainsi obtenus. |
| EP0673208A4 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1997-03-05 | Wrigley W M Jun Co | CHEWING GUM CONTAINING MALTITOL. |
| US5651936A (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1997-07-29 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Syrups containing sorbitol, a plasticizing agent and an anticrystallization agent and their use in chewing gum and other products |
| US5538741A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-07-23 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Sugarless non-tack chewing gum |
| DE69532593T3 (de) * | 1995-07-05 | 2015-06-11 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Co. | Sirups zur verwendung in sorbitol-enthaltendem kaugummi, ein weichmacher und ein antikristallisationsmittel |
| CA2271889C (en) * | 1996-11-27 | 2004-01-27 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Method of controlling release of caffeine in chewing gum and gum produced thereby |
| US20080014302A1 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2008-01-17 | Cadbury Adams Usa Llc | Multi-region chewing gum composition including isomalt gum region |
| EP1983840B2 (en) * | 2006-02-15 | 2016-11-09 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Non-crystallizing syrups containing sorbitol and their use in chewing gum |
| BRPI0709892B1 (pt) * | 2006-04-05 | 2020-12-22 | Intercontinental Great Brands Llc | sistema de liberação oral e composição para remineralização de esmalte de dente de mamíferos |
| RU2437652C2 (ru) * | 2006-04-05 | 2011-12-27 | КЭДБЕРИ АДАМС ЮЭсЭй ЛЛС | Воздействие кальцийфосфатного комплекса на зубной кариес |
| JP2009532478A (ja) * | 2006-04-05 | 2009-09-10 | キャドバリー アダムス ユーエスエー エルエルシー | 酸含有菓子組成物中のリン酸カルシウム錯体 |
| RU2405371C2 (ru) * | 2006-06-29 | 2010-12-10 | КЭДБЕРИ АДАМС ЮЭсЭй ЛЛС | Цепной резательный станок для непрерывной формовки порций жевательной резинки с центральным наполнением |
| WO2008151010A1 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-12-11 | Cadbury Adams Usa Llc | Center-fill gum compositions incorporating triacetin |
| WO2009018162A1 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-02-05 | Cadbury Adams Usa Llc | Method and apparatus for processing multiple confectionery ropes |
| CN102387709B (zh) * | 2008-11-28 | 2014-07-02 | 洲际大品牌有限责任公司 | 多区域咀嚼型胶基糖糖食组合物、制品、方法以及设备 |
| CA2788892C (en) | 2010-03-01 | 2015-06-16 | Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company | Amorphous chewing gum bulk material |
| WO2012125397A2 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-09-20 | Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc | System and method of forming multilayer confectionery |
| EP3536161B1 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2025-08-27 | Perfetti Van Melle Benelux B.V. | Advanced gum forming and cooling |
| EP3131405A1 (en) | 2014-03-03 | 2017-02-22 | Intercontinental Great Brands LLC | Method for manufacturing a comestible |
| EP3277095B1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2022-05-04 | Roquette Frères | Chewing gum composition comprising crystalline allulose particles |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3352689A (en) * | 1966-02-14 | 1967-11-14 | Warner Lambert Pharmaceutical | Sugarless gum |
| BE715793A (en, 2012) * | 1968-05-28 | 1968-10-16 | ||
| US3655866A (en) * | 1970-01-26 | 1972-04-11 | Warner Lambert Co | Sugarless gum containing dicalcium phosphate dihydrate |
| US3806290A (en) * | 1972-07-12 | 1974-04-23 | Warner Lambert Co | Apparatus for center-filled chewing gum |
| FR2202867B1 (en, 2012) * | 1972-10-13 | 1978-02-10 | Roquette Freres | |
| DE2710579A1 (de) * | 1977-03-11 | 1978-09-14 | Kaul Kg | Verfahren zur herstellung einer rieselfaehigen kaugummimasse |
| CA1110907A (en) * | 1977-07-08 | 1981-10-20 | Frank Witzel | Long-lasting chewing gum having good processibility and method |
| US4156740A (en) * | 1978-02-02 | 1979-05-29 | Warner-Lambert Company | Sugarless center-filled chewing gum |
| US4346116A (en) * | 1978-12-11 | 1982-08-24 | Roquette Freres | Non-cariogenic hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, process for the preparation and applications of this hydrolysate |
| FR2444080A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-11 | 1980-07-11 | Roquette Freres | Hydrolysat d'amidon hydrogene non cariogene pour la confiserie et procede de preparation de cet hydrolysat |
| US4248895A (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1981-02-03 | Life Savers, Inc. | Dehydrated higher polyalcohols, comestibles and chewing gum containing same and method |
| US4250196A (en) * | 1979-10-09 | 1981-02-10 | Life Savers, Inc. | Center-filled chewing gums |
-
1979
- 1979-06-15 FR FR7915479A patent/FR2459002A1/fr active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-06-06 US US06/157,159 patent/US4382962A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-06-06 NO NO801696A patent/NO152399C/no unknown
- 1980-06-09 JP JP7760880A patent/JPS5639748A/ja active Granted
- 1980-06-09 CA CA000353573A patent/CA1166064A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-09 CH CH4434/80A patent/CH652892A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-06-10 DK DK249380A patent/DK157425C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-06-10 NL NL8003369A patent/NL191377C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-06-10 SE SE8004307A patent/SE449682B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-06-10 GB GB8018952A patent/GB2053651B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-06-10 IT IT22685/80A patent/IT1131819B/it active
- 1980-06-10 DE DE3021775A patent/DE3021775C3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS645856B2 (en, 2012) | 1989-02-01 |
| US4382962A (en) | 1983-05-10 |
| CH652892A5 (fr) | 1985-12-13 |
| DE3021775A1 (de) | 1980-12-18 |
| NL191377B (nl) | 1995-02-01 |
| CA1166064A (en) | 1984-04-24 |
| NO152399C (no) | 1985-09-25 |
| DE3021775C2 (en, 2012) | 1990-02-01 |
| IT8022685A0 (it) | 1980-06-10 |
| DK249380A (da) | 1980-12-16 |
| NL8003369A (nl) | 1980-12-17 |
| SE8004307L (sv) | 1980-12-16 |
| IT1131819B (it) | 1986-06-25 |
| GB2053651B (en) | 1983-09-21 |
| DK157425B (da) | 1990-01-08 |
| JPS5639748A (en) | 1981-04-15 |
| FR2459002B1 (en, 2012) | 1983-04-15 |
| SE449682B (sv) | 1987-05-18 |
| GB2053651A (en) | 1981-02-11 |
| FR2459002A1 (fr) | 1981-01-09 |
| NO152399B (no) | 1985-06-17 |
| NO801696L (no) | 1980-12-16 |
| NL191377C (nl) | 1995-07-03 |
| DK157425C (da) | 1990-06-05 |
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