DE2842848C2 - Werkstoff zum Überziehen von Gegenständen - Google Patents
Werkstoff zum Überziehen von GegenständenInfo
- Publication number
- DE2842848C2 DE2842848C2 DE2842848A DE2842848A DE2842848C2 DE 2842848 C2 DE2842848 C2 DE 2842848C2 DE 2842848 A DE2842848 A DE 2842848A DE 2842848 A DE2842848 A DE 2842848A DE 2842848 C2 DE2842848 C2 DE 2842848C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- nickel
- chromium carbide
- cobalt
- chromium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000880 inconels 792 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000816 inconels 718 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US84283877A | 1977-10-17 | 1977-10-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2842848A1 DE2842848A1 (de) | 1979-04-19 |
DE2842848C2 true DE2842848C2 (de) | 1987-02-26 |
Family
ID=25288367
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2842848A Expired DE2842848C2 (de) | 1977-10-17 | 1978-10-02 | Werkstoff zum Überziehen von Gegenständen |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5465718A (ru) |
AU (1) | AU519037B2 (ru) |
BE (1) | BE871294A (ru) |
BR (1) | BR7806560A (ru) |
DE (1) | DE2842848C2 (ru) |
FR (1) | FR2406000A1 (ru) |
GB (1) | GB2006274B (ru) |
IL (1) | IL55731A (ru) |
IT (1) | IT1099949B (ru) |
NL (1) | NL7809972A (ru) |
NO (1) | NO783486L (ru) |
SE (1) | SE7810608L (ru) |
ZA (1) | ZA785802B (ru) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19815473A1 (de) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-14 | Ghh Borsig Turbomaschinen Gmbh | Heißgasführendes Gassammelrohr einer Gasturbine |
DE19836392A1 (de) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-17 | Wolfgang Wiesener | Oberflächenbeschichtung, körnige Mischung zur Zufuhr zu einer Plasmabeschichtung und Oberflächenbeschichtungsverfahren |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE8000750L (sv) * | 1980-01-30 | 1981-07-31 | Bulten Kanthal Ab | Varmhallfast maskinkomponent och sett att framstella densamma |
CA1217433A (en) * | 1983-08-29 | 1987-02-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Combustion turbine blade with varying coating |
IL75304A (en) * | 1984-06-08 | 1989-03-31 | United Technologies Corp | Coated superalloy articles and method of strengthening same |
GB2214523B (en) * | 1985-09-17 | 1990-04-04 | Electric Power Res Inst | Chromium carbide compositions |
IL84067A (en) * | 1986-10-30 | 1992-03-29 | United Technologies Corp | Thermal barrier coating system |
DE3918380A1 (de) * | 1989-06-06 | 1990-12-20 | Starck Hermann C Fa | Hochtemperatur-verbund-werkstoff, verfahren zu seiner herstellung sowie dessen verwendung |
JP2669928B2 (ja) * | 1990-09-20 | 1997-10-29 | 日本原子力研究所 | 下地用プラズマ溶射膜 |
US5137422A (en) * | 1990-10-18 | 1992-08-11 | Union Carbide Coatings Service Technology Corporation | Process for producing chromium carbide-nickel base age hardenable alloy coatings and coated articles so produced |
CA2073652C (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1999-07-06 | John E. Jackson | Rotary seal member coated with a chromium carbide-age hardenable nickel base alloy |
EP0589072A1 (de) * | 1992-09-21 | 1994-03-30 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Turbolader für Schwerölbetrieb |
EP0713957A1 (en) * | 1994-11-25 | 1996-05-29 | FINMECCANICA S.p.A. AZIENDA ANSALDO | Method of repairing the coating of turbine blades |
GB2319783B (en) * | 1996-11-30 | 2001-08-29 | Chromalloy Uk Ltd | A thermal barrier coating for a superalloy article and a method of application thereof |
JPH11343564A (ja) * | 1998-05-28 | 1999-12-14 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 高温機器 |
JP2003147464A (ja) | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-21 | Tocalo Co Ltd | 高温強度部材 |
ITMI20030056A1 (it) * | 2003-01-17 | 2004-07-18 | Ansaldo Ricerche S R L Societa Pe R Lo Sviluppo | Rivestimento cocrc per superfici soggette ad usura. |
DE102005062225B3 (de) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-06-21 | Siemens Ag | Legierungsprodukt vom MCrAIX-Typ und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schicht aus diesem Legierungsprodukt |
JP5058645B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-27 | 2012-10-24 | トーカロ株式会社 | 溶射用粉末、溶射皮膜及びハースロール |
DE102013207457B4 (de) | 2013-04-24 | 2017-05-18 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Hochtemperaturschutzbeschichtung |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1079503A (fr) * | 1952-06-27 | 1954-11-30 | Fu R Unternehmungen Der Eisen | Objets résistant à l'usure et à la corrosion, et procédé pour leur fabrication |
US3542530A (en) * | 1968-05-23 | 1970-11-24 | United Aircraft Corp | Nickel or cobalt base with a coating containing iron chromium and aluminum |
US3754903A (en) * | 1970-09-15 | 1973-08-28 | United Aircraft Corp | High temperature oxidation resistant coating alloy |
US3676085A (en) * | 1971-02-18 | 1972-07-11 | United Aircraft Corp | Cobalt base coating for the superalloys |
US3837894A (en) * | 1972-05-22 | 1974-09-24 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for producing a corrosion resistant duplex coating |
US3928026A (en) * | 1974-05-13 | 1975-12-23 | United Technologies Corp | High temperature nicocraly coatings |
US4117179A (en) * | 1976-11-04 | 1978-09-26 | General Electric Company | Oxidation corrosion resistant superalloys and coatings |
-
1978
- 1978-10-02 DE DE2842848A patent/DE2842848C2/de not_active Expired
- 1978-10-03 BR BR7806560A patent/BR7806560A/pt unknown
- 1978-10-03 NL NL7809972A patent/NL7809972A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-10-04 GB GB7839272A patent/GB2006274B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-11 SE SE7810608A patent/SE7810608L/xx unknown
- 1978-10-13 IL IL55731A patent/IL55731A/xx unknown
- 1978-10-16 JP JP12723178A patent/JPS5465718A/ja active Granted
- 1978-10-16 AU AU40743/78A patent/AU519037B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-10-16 ZA ZA785802A patent/ZA785802B/xx unknown
- 1978-10-16 NO NO783486A patent/NO783486L/no unknown
- 1978-10-16 BE BE191146A patent/BE871294A/xx unknown
- 1978-10-16 FR FR7829406A patent/FR2406000A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-10-17 IT IT28827/78A patent/IT1099949B/it active
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19815473A1 (de) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-14 | Ghh Borsig Turbomaschinen Gmbh | Heißgasführendes Gassammelrohr einer Gasturbine |
US6226978B1 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 2001-05-08 | Ghh Borsig Turbomaschinen Gmbh | Hot gas-carrying gas collection pipe of gas turbine |
DE19836392A1 (de) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-17 | Wolfgang Wiesener | Oberflächenbeschichtung, körnige Mischung zur Zufuhr zu einer Plasmabeschichtung und Oberflächenbeschichtungsverfahren |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2842848A1 (de) | 1979-04-19 |
ZA785802B (en) | 1980-05-28 |
JPS574705B2 (ru) | 1982-01-27 |
NO783486L (no) | 1979-04-18 |
JPS5465718A (en) | 1979-05-26 |
SE7810608L (sv) | 1979-04-18 |
IL55731A0 (en) | 1978-12-17 |
GB2006274B (en) | 1982-03-03 |
IL55731A (en) | 1982-01-31 |
GB2006274A (en) | 1979-05-02 |
IT1099949B (it) | 1985-09-28 |
IT7828827A0 (it) | 1978-10-17 |
AU519037B2 (en) | 1981-11-05 |
BR7806560A (pt) | 1979-07-03 |
BE871294A (fr) | 1979-04-17 |
FR2406000A1 (fr) | 1979-05-11 |
AU4074378A (en) | 1980-04-24 |
NL7809972A (nl) | 1979-04-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE2842848C2 (de) | Werkstoff zum Überziehen von Gegenständen | |
DE2657288C2 (de) | Überzogener Superlegierungsgegenstand und seine Verwendung | |
DE69926858T2 (de) | Abreibbare Dichtungsschicht und deren Herstellungsweise | |
DE2801016C2 (de) | Gegenstand aus einem Superlegierungskörper mit einem durch Flammspritzen aufgebrachten Überzug aus einem Pulver sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung | |
CH653375A5 (de) | Beschichtungsmaterial. | |
DE2827667A1 (de) | Verfahren zum aufbringen einer oberflaechendoppelschicht durch fusionsschweissen | |
DE2817321C2 (de) | Korrosionsbeständige Nickellegierung | |
DE3010608A1 (de) | Ueberzugszusammensetzung fuer nickel, kobalt und eisen enthaltende superlegierung und superlegierungskomponente | |
DE3211583A1 (de) | Superlegierungs-ueberzugszusammensetzung mit hoch-temperatur-oxidationsbestaendigkeit | |
EP1060282B1 (de) | Verfahren zum herstellen einer korrosions- und oxidationsbeständigen schlickerschicht | |
CH651070A5 (de) | Als ueberzugsbeschichtung von stoffen auf nickelbasis verwendbare legierung. | |
DE2655929C2 (de) | Pulvermischung zur Herstellung von Überzügen auf einem Dichtungsteil und Dichtungsteil | |
DE3030961A1 (de) | Bauteile aus superlegierungen mit einem oxidations- und/oder sulfidationsbestaendigigen ueberzug sowie zusammensetzung eines solchen ueberzuges. | |
DE2829369B2 (de) | Verfahren zum Ausbilden von harten, verschleißfestenMetallkarbide enthaltenden Überzügen | |
DE3103129A1 (de) | Thermisch belastbares maschinenteil und verfahren zu dessen herstellung | |
CH667469A5 (de) | Verfahren zum aufbringen von schutzschichten. | |
EP0663964B1 (de) | Schutz gegen korrosive und erosive angriffe bei temperaturen bis etwa 500 grad celsius für ein aus chromstahl bestehendes substrat | |
DE4203869C2 (de) | Hochbelastbare, beschichtete Bauteile aus einem Werkstoff, der aus der intermetallischen Phase Titan-Aluminid besteht | |
DE3873798T2 (de) | Beschichtung und plattierung aus einer nickelbasislegierung mit guter bestaendigkeit gegen oxidation und hochtemperaturskorrosion fuer bauteile des hochtemperaturteils einer industrie- oder schiffsgasturbine und daraus hergestellte verbundwerkstoffe. | |
DE69705744T2 (de) | Artikel mit superlegierungsubstrat und einer anreicherungsschicht darauf, sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung | |
DE3036206A1 (de) | Verschleissfester, vor oxidation und korrosion schuetzender ueberzug, korrosions- und verschleissfeste ueberzugslegierung, mit einem solchen ueberzug versehener gegenstand und verfahren zum herstellen eines solchen ueberzugs | |
EP2275220A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Panzerung von Bauteilen aus einem TiAl-Basiswerkstoff, sowie entsprechende Bauteile | |
DE69109077T2 (de) | Aluminisieren von Gegenständen, geschützt durch ein thermisch gesperrtes Überzugssystem. | |
CH616960A5 (en) | Components resistant to high-temperature corrosion. | |
DE3229285A1 (de) | Belagzusammensetzung zur herstellung eines schutzbelags auf substraten aus einer superlegierung |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
8128 | New person/name/address of the agent |
Representative=s name: MENGES, R., DIPL.-ING., PAT.-ANW., 8000 MUENCHEN |
|
D2 | Grant after examination | ||
8380 | Miscellaneous part iii |
Free format text: DIE BEZEICHNUNG LAUTET RICHTIG: WERKSTOFF ZUM UEBERZIEHEN VON GEGENSTAENDEN |
|
8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |