DE2546361A1 - Light concrete building block - external, rear ventilated, weatherproof panel and internal structuring needing no finishing - Google Patents

Abstract

The light building block of foamed plastic or expanded concrete has a rear-ventilated weather protective facing on the outside and a structured inside surface. This saves subsequent external rendering, carried out on scaffolding, and also internal surface rendering work. Vertical ribs are formed on the external shell continuously or with breaks. A weather-protective facing is fixed to these, before masonry work on site is carried out. The other visible surface may be flat or provided with structuring, the surface being completely smooth and sealed, and no further finishing on site is required, apart from joint work.

Description

Lightweight concrete block with ventilated facade panel on the outside

and structures on the inside The invention relates to a building block, in particular a shuttering block made of lightweight concrete, foam concrete, plastic concrete -or aerated concrete with rear-ventilated weather protection facade on 1 side and structures on the inside.

This, in particular by appropriate choice of the potting material The best building physics values for the overall structure of an external wall as well as savings in working time reached on site. Subsequent plastering and the attachment of a Weather protection facade from the scaffolding and possibly plastering the inner surface can be omitted.

Building blocks with pourable chambers, so-called formwork blocks are known in various designs, dimensions and types of concrete. They mostly will pressed under vibration from normal concrete, lightweight concrete (expanded clay or pumice), 1-grain concrete or wood fiber concrete. By using a low W / C ratio, they remain stand the compression. Their surface is open-pored, plastering outside, or protective facades additionally attached and plastering on the inside is always required.

Such stones are known under various brand names.

The compressive strengths are 40-150kg / cm2 for concrete densities from 1-1.4kg / dm3. For heavier stones with bulk densities above 1.4, i.e. with poorer stones Thermal insulation values, insulation boards are also installed.

Another type of concrete block is the solid aerated concrete block. Better thermal insulation values are achieved here thanks to the low bulk densities. That Manufacturing process of aerated concrete blocks - block casting and cutting out of cuboid Sharing does not make a cavity formation possible. For reasons of handling, These solid stones not enforce an increase in size.

Attempts have also been made to use facade panels on aerated concrete blocks stick on. Small-format aerated concrete blocks thus have a large Pugen length, large-format ones must be moved by crane. Take walls made of small-sized stones, there a reinforcement is not installed, only low shear forces. The required Thin-bed plan bonding does not do the installation of reinforcement, for example in the joint more is possible.

Recently, a manufacturing process has also been developed which for the first time enables the formation of cavities in aerated concrete. This stone corresponds with it a formwork block and it is the installation of one that runs along the wall Armiening possible. The process has the disadvantage that the foamed volume must be cut off and reprocessed.

All these known building blocks for manual bricklaying are up today provided with a layer of plaster on the outside and inside. Often there is additional outside a weather protection layer incorporated or applied. In particular porous aerated concrete or Foam concrete blocks absolutely need this outer protective layer so that the physical Values cannot be changed by the influence of moisture. Whether an interior plaster is required depends on the purpose of the room, the type of heating and the Humidity control.

The costs for the weather protection are due to the scaffolding work labor-intensive.

Lightweight concrete blocks, aerated or foam concrete blocks, in particular as formwork blocks with a weather protection facade in a ventilated design and / or on the inside Surface that can be painted or taped are not known to this day.

A prerequisite for this is a mountain protection plate with a dsm module to connect the masonry or to be able to do without the plastering work inside is of course the exact production of the stone itself in steel molds, i.e. with tolerances which are less than 1mm.

The aim of the invention is to provide a lightweight one that can be processed by hand Wall stone ~ nu create, in particular a shuttering block that is finished on the outside and inside or which at most requires a joint cleaning on the inside.

The weather protection plate can be made of any material and in any Surface structure to be executed. Preferably, asbestos cement, aluminum and Plastic in different colors and possibly sanded, gravel, etc. used.

The protective plate is expediently glued on and it can be mechanically secured.

The adjacent protective plates can overlap at the joints or connected to one another via elastic seals. Preferably be the vertical joints are covered by the protective plate or by an additional one Sealed plastic strips.

The inside of the stone can be flat or textured be. Structures of this kind can be molded on or can arise through breakage or can be applied in a further operation, but always in the manufacturer's works i.e. before transport to the construction site.

The block is provided with vertically extending cavities that can be poured with any curable substances and allow through recesses Pour reinforcements running along the wall in the crosspieces.

The casting compound can be more stable than the stone itself or them can be made less stable.

The building blocks according to the invention can be manufactured by 3 methods. Made of foam concrete, for example, poured into steel molds and cured. On the other hand from parts composed, such as an inner and outer shield, preferably with webs be glued or according to the previous method of hollow block production with additional applied plaster or structure layer.

Cast stones may have slightly conical surfaces around the formwork to facilitate. The surfaces are still slightly porous.

In the case of stones, composed of elements, the surfaces are all plane-parallel. Fire safety is achieved by anchoring a bracket in the pouring volume.

In particular, lightweight concrete with self-pored aggregate is for the composite stone an interesting material.

The shells can be manufactured horizontally so that the The structure on the formwork surface is completely closed due to the larger proportion of mortar and corresponds to a layer of mortar. If the inner shell is manufactured in the same way, the same applies to the surface of any structure.

A variant of the composite design provides for the washers from different bulk densities and / or different thicknesses. With such Measures can increase the load-bearing capacity to any values and the vapor diffusivity can be changed from the inside to the outside. This also makes it possible to change the heat storage capacity adjust the inner shell to a specific climatic zone.

The building blocks according to the concept of the invention have dimensions of 25x25x100cm has a weight of about 25kg and is therefore still suitable for hand acidification suitable. If the wall thickness is reduced, a stone with a height of up to 50cm with the same weight. Processing then requires even less Time and the joint length is reduced even further.

Larger formats are possible. Floor-high parts can be used be manufactured in the same way; however, a crane transfer is then necessary.

In particular, the stone length is preferably set to im to to be able to adapt to the floor plans more easily.

A stone composed of parts can also have a higher outer shell preserved, for example for the area of the ceiling support.

Regardless of which manufacturing process is used, the Components according to the concept of the invention are prefabricated components -highest precision, their Bond is secured by potting and their later visible surface no additional Need editing.

The cores are preferably made of lightweight concrete or other cement-bound Substances poured out. The shell parts can be adapted to the requirements of the building physics will.

The following figures show examples of the concept of the invention namely: Fig. 1 3 formwork modules placed in association on the foundation, Fig. 2 the front view of a stone, Figure 3 the joint in horizontal section with smooth Inner surface, Fig. 4 shows a corner joint, Fig. 5 shows a window recess, Fig. 6 a vertical section through a wall, with ceiling support, Figure 7 shows a cast Stone, while Fig. 8 and 9 represent a stone composed of parts.

Fig.10-12 show a vertical section through 2 stones in the area of Joint, Fig. 13-15 a horizontal section.

Fig. 16 and 17 shows the inside of some stones with different ones Structures.

A building block consists essentially of the outer shell 2, the inner shell 3, the connecting webs 4, the molded continuous or interrupted ribs or cams 5 and the weather protection plate 6 connected to these ribs, FIG.

The webs 4 can be offset in height relative to the shells, so that they through the nose 7 the transverse fixation with the adjacent stone in height take over and leave a gap 8 through which the grouting concrete enters the core space of the horizontally adjacent stone and a load-bearing latticework the grouting concrete is created, or a stone composite.

The connection with the foundation 9 is made over the with in the grouting included reinforcing iron 10 reached. At 11 there is a longitudinal running in the stone Marked reinforcement.

The rib or cam height 5 is about 20-40mm. The strength of the shells can be freely selected depending on the required building physics values. The longitudinal, Reinforcement to be poured has space in the trapezoidal, triangular or rectangular one Passage opening 8. At the corner point, the stones can cross and / or the shell parts are made of different lengths, e.g. after 12 and 13. Similar can be moved with a window and door recess, 14,15,16.

The shell parts can also be designed differently in height, roughly as in Fig. 6, the ceiling pad. The outer shell 17 is higher here and they insulated from the ceiling plate 18.

The color of the facade panel can be changed in this area, so that the story structure is emphasized.

In the case of the cast stones, all vertical surfaces may have a low Ausformgeschåge 19, which is approximately in the range of a few e 10 thWm, calculated to the stone height of 25cm. Fig. 7 shows a cast stone in the form or Production position, rotated 180 with respect to the processing position. it 21 is the formwork wall marked.

In FIG. 8, the inner shell 2 is provided stronger than the outer shell 3. The webs 4 are built in by means of an adhesive layer 22.

Both stone outer surfaces are completely closed. In the bowls Reinforcing stirrups 23 are cast in, which also protect the composite against high temperatures to back up.

With this production method, the outer and inner surfaces are plane-parallel. Any desired structures can be used for the inner shell, depending on the one used in each case Form matrix can be achieved, such as Randfasen30, depressions consisting of flat Shapes 31, round shapes 32 or plane-parallel recessed surfaces 33 according to FIG. 16 and 17.

Are the stones used for foundations, underground basements or swimming pool, it is provided that the inner shell and outer shell are the same and make the formwork smooth and bitumen the outer surface.

The joint of the facade panel according to FIG. 10 sees inclined surfaces before. Heavy rain is diverted to the outside. Penetrated moisture dries the vertical air flow from behind the facade panel. For example, a Overlap according to Fig. 11 or, in the case of metal facades, by folding 15 Fig. 12. Other horizontal joint designs, such as those with seals, are possible.

The vertical joints can be designed so that the plate 6 the The joint area of the stones is covered and a sealing strip is placed in the joint between the panels 37 is inserted., Fig. 13.

imine version in which the facade panels 6 after the brickwork is spread by elastic grout, Fig. 14 shows.

A plastic gasket can be used with a suitably thick passage panel 39 be embedded in the grooves of the plates 6.

Depending on the material, other joint designs are possible.

Fig. 17 also shows how the plaster or structure layer on the Inside by applying a layer of mortar in the factory to a vibratory pressing process manufactured vertically in one piece, is achieved. In the same way are they to form ribs or cams supporting the weather protection plate.

A wall construction with the building blocks according to the invention can reduce wall costs Reduce by up to 30. ° -4 compared to previously, with better building physics values and a more favorable living environment, especially when the grouting concrete is a 1-grain concrete or another lightweight concrete with an intrinsic grain structure is used.

It can be roughly calculated that the cost ratio at today common building methods made of brick or concrete blocks with equivalent weather protection facade and mortar plaster on sides at 40% for the facade, 40% for the wall and 20% for the interior plaster lies. In 1975 1m2 wall costs around DM 200.00.

Under certain circumstances, by omitting the interior plaster, 15% and through Saving of plastering of the scaffolding with facade frontage also at least 15% of this Costs can be saved.

The listed material and thus also processing principles are due to the raw material deposits. There are geological zones around the world, in where sand is predominant.

Foam or aerated concrete is preferred here, whereas in other zones due to the presence of intrinsic aggregates such as pumice, Lava slag or raw materials that enable the pore space to be enriched, for example expanded clay, which is more likely to be composed of parts for the manufacture of the stone suitable.

Of course, the advantage of the invention is one with the Stone connected facade even with a cast or cut solid stone Achieved from aerated concrete or foam concrete, provided that it is dimensionally precise farmed stone.

Claims (11)

Protection claims 1. Building block, in particular shuttering block made of lightweight concrete with self-pored aggregate grains or aerated or foam concrete, with cement binding, with pourable cavities, with fixing edges or fixing surfaces in transverse and Longitudinal direction, as well as recesses for insertable reinforcing steels, characterized that on the outer shell (3) continuous or interrupted in the vertical direction Ribs (5) are formed on which a weather protection facade (6) before Construction site brickwork attached, the opposite visible surface (2) smooth or is optionally provided with a structure, the surface completely smooth and closed is and apart from the grouting and the grouting of the stone joints inside no other There is work to be done on the construction site. 2. Building block, in particular shuttering block, according to claim 1 characterized in that at least the inside of the stone is completely smooth and closed surface, in itself flat or structured in any way, wherein the pore-free surface through the choice of the manufacturing process in 1 work step or is achieved by applying in a second application, but always before the brickwork of the stone on the construction site. 3. block, in particular formwork block, according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the facade panel (6) is made of any material, is glued to vertical ribs or cams and possibly mechanically secured, wherein the adjacent panels overlap or are sealed against each other. 4. block, in particular formwork block, according to claims 1-3, characterized characterized in that the stone including ribs or cams is cast and thus be Structure between the inner face and the outer face is homogeneous and uniform is.' 5. Building block, in particular shuttering block, according to the claims 1-7, characterized in that the inner shell (2) and the outer shell (3) optionally different thickness and / or different structure so that it has different density, both shell parts being connected to one another by ribs (4) and consisting of both Shells steel bracket (23) protrude into the casting space (26). 6. block, in particular shuttering block according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the structure to the later inner or outer surfaces becomes more and more dense and the surfaces are free of visible pores. 7. Building block, in particular formwork block, according to the preceding Claims, characterized in that the front edges of the inner and outer shells (2/3) are offset from one another (12/13). 8. Block, in particular formwork block, according to the preceding Claims, characterized in that the outer shell is higher than the inner shell. 9. Block, in particular formwork block, according to the preceding Claims, characterized in that foam concrete or aerated concrete is used as the material are used, this stone as a solid stone or as a shuttering block with a Weather protection facade and on the inside with a pore-free mortar, suitable for painting or wallpapering, is provided before the wall is laid on the Building site. 10.Block, in particular shuttering block, according to the preceding Claims, characterized in that a stone to be built into the ground (foundation stone) the outside is already provided with bitumen before the brickwork. 11. Block, in particular formwork block, according to the preceding Claims, characterized in that the ribs or cams (S) for the attachment the facade panel (6) as well as the structures (31-34) on the inside into one mortar layer (D5) applied by a second work step on a normal hollow block or solid stone of any basic material, but in any case before the brickwork are molded on the construction site.