WO1986000103A1

WO1986000103A1 - Building block

Info

Publication number: WO1986000103A1
Application number: PCT/EP1985/000255
Authority: WO
Inventors: Siegfried Geitlinger
Original assignee: Siegfried Geitlinger
Priority date: 1984-06-08
Filing date: 1985-05-28
Publication date: 1986-01-03
Also published as: WO1986000042A1; EP0185037A1; EP0182886A1; DE3421401A1

Abstract

Improved block (1) particularly for building houses, preferably intended to be used as a formwork block and made with a swellable material such as porous concrete. According to the present invention, the block is so fabricated that there is formed on its front side a symmetrical perpendicular groove (13), while a corresponding tongue (14) is provided on its opposite front side, the width of the groove (13) and of the tongue (14) corresponding to the width of the perpendicular break-through (2, 3), whereby particularly the groove (13) and the tongue (14) engage the front sides (16) by means of inclined surfaces (bevels 17, 18).

Description

B a u s t e i n

The invention relates to a building block made of an expandable material, such as gas-pored concrete, with a jacket surrounding at least one vertical opening made of at least two transverse and two longitudinal walls, tongue and groove configurations being provided on the outwardly directed end faces of the transverse walls.

Such a stone made of expandable material, such as gas concrete, has so far only been known from DE-PS 16 83 799. It is essential that such stones, especially if they are used as formwork stones, can be offset. This requires good grouting and also high dimensional accuracy. Apart from that, only concrete blocks, possibly with openings, have become known from gas concrete, but they cannot be used as formwork blocks. Formwork blocks with the specified design training have so far only become known from different types of material. E in such a well-known stone made of a different material, has a groove and a tongue on each end face, which have only a small depth and make dry movement difficult.

The invention is therefore based on the task of creating a stone that is easier and more convenient to move dry and thereby ensures good jointing with neighboring stones.

According to the invention, the above object is first achieved in that tongue-and-groove training is provided on the outwardly directed end faces of the transverse walls are that a symmetrical vertical groove is formed on one end face and a corresponding tongue is formed on the opposite end face and that the width of the tongue and groove and the width of the vertical opening essentially match. The configuration according to the invention ensures that the longitudinal side walls retain their full strength over their entire length, that is to say they are not weakened by groove formations and nevertheless good grouting is achieved in which there are grooves and tongues in the region of the transverse side walls and only as far as the breakthroughs in the stone itself extend. According to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the tongue and groove enter the end faces over inclined surfaces and that the vertical outer edges between the longitudinal sides and the longitudinal walls and end faces are formed as oblique bevels. This configuration prevents the edges of the stones from breaking off on the one hand at the transition from longitudinal to transverse walls but also at the transition from tongue and groove to the end faces of the stones, which is a common danger in the known stones, as a result of which the stones function properly made of light material, such as gas porous concrete and therefore have their own thermal insulation effect, is impaired. In order to also obtain good jointing in the vertical direction, it is further provided that the transverse walls have on their upper side a recess which extends essentially across the width of the recess and which on the underside forms a recess by grinding the underside of the longitudinal walls Spring in the area of the transverse walls corresponds. In this case, the tongue and groove designs also do not engage in the end faces of the longitudinal walls themselves, but are only provided in the area of the transverse webs or walls. At the same time, a large number of stones are cast in a common mold, the preferred embodiment being designed in such a way that the mold forms a flat pallet, a frame which surrounds and forms the outside of the individual stones and can be lifted off the pallet and separately from the frame has removable mold cores. This makes it easier for the stones to be removed from the mold compared to a one-piece form in which the frame and the cores would have to be lifted at the same time. In a further development it is provided that the mold cores are connected to one another in a grid-like manner via struts and that hold-down devices are provided for depressing the stones during demolding. In terms of the process, the demolding is then carried out in such a way that after these and a first solidification of the stones, the cores of the molds sitting inside the stones are raised, the stones being lifted by. Hold-down devices are pressed down, and then a common frame of the form surrounding the individual stones is lifted from a pallet on which the stones remain lying.

So that the stones can be mass-produced on conventional pallets, the spring on the underside of the stones is subsequently formed by wet-sanding the undersides of the longitudinal walls so that there is a web or a in the area of the transverse walls on the underside Tongue forms, which can engage in the groove already provided during casting and curing on the top of the webs or transverse walls. The wet grinding offers the advantage that there is no dust and pollution for the environment and it is basically cleaner than dry machining. Grinding is possible because the material used for the gas porous concrete compared to light stones with wood fibers, etc. is quick and easy to sand, while known coarse material has to be milled. The manufacture of the stone is therefore carried out according to the invention in such a way that when casting and hardening into the top of the stones, a groove is formed which is symmetrical to the longitudinal sides of the stones and that the longitudinal side walls of the stones are subsequently sanded in such a way on their underside that on the underside of the stones symmetrically to the longitudinal side walls remains a tongue corresponding to the groove, it being provided in particular that with the grinding of the underside of the side walls the side thereof is simultaneously sanded, so that the distance from the underside and top of the side walls to one predetermined measure is brought. To the required wet processing, a device is provided which is characterized in that a guide track is provided for the stones, which has two openings through which two grinding wheels protrude from below into the lower guide path of the stones, in particular above the Guideway at an adjustable distance two more grinding Disks are arranged that grip the top of the stones to be ground. In a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention form the possibility of grinding the top and bottom of the stones simultaneously, on the one hand producing such smoothness and flatness on the top of the stones, in particular their longitudinal walls, that the stones are stacked on top of one another sit firmly and evenly on top of each other, which facilitates dry movement, on the other hand, due to the simultaneous grinding of the top and bottom, a high dimensional stability of the stones in the order of 0.5 mm is achieved. This means that when the stones are moved dry, there are no problems due to excessive tolerances and inaccuracies of the stones themselves.

A preferred embodiment of the stones provides for use as formwork blocks. In this case, it is provided that, at least in the form of a formwork block, the transverse walls have an arcuate recessed groove, which is offset on both sides via shoulders to the surfaces of the longitudinal walls, this groove in addition to the offset groove that is connected to the tongue on the Bottom edge of the stone interacts, is formed and serves that after pouring the pouring of the filling concrete, this can not only produce vertical but also horizontal connections between the stones. While the stone can basically have an opening with only end walls, according to a further embodiment it is provided that two individual openings are formed by a central transverse wall. In a further embodiment it is provided that the transverse walls are designed in such a way that the openings taper in a longitudinal section from top to bottom.

In addition to the configuration as a formwork block, the block according to the invention can also be designed as a full block. The walls are made of a light material, such as gas porous concrete, while it is provided that the openings are filled with concrete cores made of heavy or conventional lightweight concrete. The core then forms the static framework and determines the strength of a wall made of stones according to the invention, while the walls made of gas-pored concrete are very warm insulating effect guaranteed. This can be further increased by the cavities being at least partially filled with thermal insulation such as polystyrene or the like, it being provided in particular that the cavities are provided with thermal insulation on one side of a longitudinal wall and / or that the remaining cavity is made of concrete how heavy or light concrete is filled.

The stone according to the invention can thus also be used with an additional internal insulation, for example polystyrene, as formwork stone, the breakthrough in the core area which is left open by the additional thermal insulation being filled in place by concrete on site. The stone with additional thermal insulation made of styrofoam can also be designed as a solid stone, in which case, as I said, the styrofoam insulation is preferably installed along a side wall, while the rest of the stone's place of manufacture is filled with concrete that hardens. This ensures that the heavy concrete in the shell of the gas porous concrete is still three-sided in connection with this, which would not be guaranteed, for example, with a fully rotating polystyrene insulation. Such a stone would not be stable in itself.

The bricks according to the invention, thanks to their precise tongue and groove design and the resulting interlocking in vertical and horizontal directions, permit the construction of storey-high walls in dry construction. When backfilling with the core concrete, a heavy-duty, monolithic wall panel with high wall rigidity and good sound insulation is then formed. When backfilling with concrete, the recesses in the crossbars and walls are securely underfilled and a heavy-duty core concrete "grid" is created. The arrangement of reinforcement steels to absorb bending moments is probable due to the special shape of the stones at every point! emlos Möρjich. Through the filling concrete al le butt and bed joints are securely closed, so that a tight wall panel results, without the need for special mortaring or gluing of the individual stones The smooth surface and high dimensional accuracy reduce the necessary plastering work to a minimum, so that filling on the inner wall surface may be sufficient. The creation of basement walls is also possible.

Further advantages and features of the invention emerge from the claims and from the following description in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in detail. It shows:

Figures 1-3 show a first embodiment of an inventive

Building block in supervision, a vertical longitudinal section and a vertical cross section;

Figures 4-6 another embodiment of the invention

Steins in representation corresponding to Figures 1-3;

FIGS. 7-9 show a further development of the stone according to the invention, likewise corresponding to FIGS. 1-3;

10a-lθd a preferred form for producing the stones according to FIGS. 1-9; and

Figure 11 shows a device for processing cast and hardened stones.

The building block according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 as formwork block 1. It has a jacket 4 surrounding two openings 2, 3, which in the exemplary embodiment shown consists of two longitudinal walls 6, 7, two outer transverse walls 8, 9 and a central transverse wall 10. The outer corner edges of the stone are chamfered, so they have chamfers 12. Furthermore, the outer transverse walls 8, 9 are at their from each other advanced outer end faces with groove 13 and tongue 14 formed. The width of the groove 13 and the tongue 14 essentially corresponds to the width of the openings 2, 3. The transition from the groove 13 and tongue 14 to the end faces 16 of the longitudinal walls 7, 6 also takes place via a chamfer 17 and 18 respectively.

The transverse walls 8, 9, 10 expand from the upper side 21 to the lower side 22 of the stone 1 by a slight inclination of their side surfaces 23, 24, 26 and 27 which are executed towards the openings 2, 3

In the upper area of the module 1, grooves 28 are formed in the area of the transverse walls 8, 9, 10, which in the illustrated embodiment are composed of two partial grooves 29, 31 in the following manner. The first partial groove 29 extends over the entire width of the transverse walls 8, 9, 10 and has a rectangular shape, while adjoining this first partial groove 29 in the transverse webs 8, 9, 10 in a further arcuate partial groove 31, which is smaller Has width than the partial groove 29, so that from the upper side of the partial groove 31 shoulders 32 to the longitudinal side walls 6, 7 are formed. The upper sides 33 and the lower sides 34 of the longitudinal walls 6, 7 are ground to size, so that they are completely flat, run parallel to one another and the spacing of surfaces 33, 34 lying one above the other is the same for all components 1. By grinding the undersides 34 of the longitudinal walls 6, 7 of the block 1, a web 36 is formed on the underside of the transverse walls 8, 9, 10, which corresponds exactly to the partial groove 29 and therefore engages in stones when they are placed one on the other and on the shoulders 32 rests, while the lower sides 34 rest on the upper sides 33 of an underlying stone. In this way, the building blocks according to the invention can be set dry in association, a horizontal row of stones being offset by half the length of the stones in relation to a horizontal row of stones arranged below. With these formwork blocks, the cavities or openings 2, 3 are usually poured out. The grooves 31 now serve to ensure that the concrete poured into the recesses 2, 3 not only flows downwards, but also also flows through the grooves 31 of the transverse walls 8, 9, 10, in particular the walls 8, 9 to the side and therefore a wall made of the stones according to the invention provides an additional fixed connection not only in the vertical but also in the horizontal direction. Characterized in that the formwork stones are made of light material, in particular expandable material, such as gas / aerated concrete, they ensure good thermal insulation even when the openings 2, 3 are filled with in-situ concrete.

A further embodiment of a stone according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 4 to 6. This module basically has the same contours, in particular outer contours, as the formwork block according to FIGS. 1 to 3, so that in this respect the same parts are designated with the same reference numerals and in the following the corresponding configurations will not be discussed further, but only additional or .other features are explained.

The block 35 according to FIG. 4 is a solid brick, which consists of an outer shell or an outer shell in the form of the longitudinal walls 6, 7 and the end transverse walls 8, 9 and a further transverse wall 10 made of light concrete, such as gas porous concrete . The cavities 2, 3 of the formwork block 1 (FIG. 1) are filled with the usual heavy concrete 36, 37 in the block 35. With this configuration, the stone 35 fulfills all static requirements, and furthermore, due to the retained outer contour, it also has the advantages of the formwork block of FIGS. 1-3. The top and bottom sides of stone 35 are also ground. At the front he has the tongue and groove training fertilize, so that it can be moved in a convenient manner.

A further embodiment of a stone 41 according to the invention, which also originates or is derived from the foundation stone 1 of FIGS. 1-3, is shown in FIGS. 7 to 9. Again, only the deviations are discussed below. First of all, this stone shows in the embodiment does not have a transverse web 10, but could also be provided with such a web.

In a cavity 42 of the jacket made of gas porous concrete, an insulating layer 43 is inserted on the inside of a longitudinal wall 6. The rest of the cavity 42 is poured with heavy concrete 44. Such a stone 41 gives, in addition to ensuring the static properties, an additional improvement in the thermal insulation by the thermal insulation element 43, which consists of suitable, known material.

The stones are first cast using methods and devices, and are cured at ambient temperatures, as described in DE-PS 16 83 799, an additional exact metering being carried out by wiping off excess material in the metering chambers of the known device is what happens in that above the metering chambers a displaceable distributor box is arranged, which has an opening on its underside and rests with its underside on the top of the metering chambers and so for filling the same first in a chamber tion over the dosing chambers and then back again for wiping over the dosing chambers.

The stones described above are cast in a mold as shown in FIGS. 10a to 10d. The shape consists of a lower e ben palette 44 on which a frame 45 sits, which forms the outer walls of the individual stones 1. The cavities or openings 2, 3 of the stones are formed by separate terms 46, the cores 46 being connected in a grid-like manner via transverse struts 47 which form the grooves 28. Hold-down devices 48 are also provided. After pouring the liquid, expandable concrete mass into the stones, it puffs up relatively quickly, thereby completely filling the forms and quickly achieving its first stability. If necessary, protruding beads of the longitudinal walls 6, 7 of the stones 1 are cut off. The hold-down devices 48 are then lowered onto the upper sides 33 of the stones and hold the stones down (FIG. 10b) while the cores 46 are lifted out of the stones 1 (FIG. 10c). If only shuttering blocks are to be produced, then after the cores 46, the outer shape or the frame 45 can also be lifted off the pallet 44, so that the blocks 1 can then freely weigh on the pallet 44 and be continued with the shape thereof, which can be used with another simple flat pallet 44 to form new stones. If the stones are to be filled as solid stones with concrete and / or insulating material, this can be done in that the outer frame initially remains on the pallet 44 after removal of the cores 47, insulating materials and / or concrete into the interior of the stones 1 is introduced and only then is the outer frame 45 lifted off. The gas porous concrete blocks cast in this way and then hardened at ambient temperature are processed further in a manner as can be seen from FIG. 11.

FIG. 11 shows a device for processing, namely for grinding the top and bottom sides of the longitudinal walls 6, 7 of the building blocks. The device 51 has a frame 52 in which a carrier web 53 is arranged, on which the stones are fed. The stones are laterally guided by two guide rails 54, 56 in such a way that they all run along the smooth path. In the guideway, two parallel openings 57, 58 are provided in a central region, through which grinding rollers 61, 62 protrude. The grinding rollers 61, 62 are held on a common axis 63 and carried by an adjusting and holding device 64 which can be adjusted in height. In a corresponding manner, grinding rollers 71, 72 are located exactly above the grinding rollers 61, 62, which are also held by a common axis 73 and are held or held by a holding and adjusting device 76 hanging down on an upper cross member 74 of the frame 52. are suspended from this. The grinding rollers 61, 62 and 71, 72 are driven by two drive motors 77, 78 arranged on the guide track 53 via axes 79, 81. The distance between the roller pairs 61, 62 and 71, 72 is adjustable and is set in the desired manner. The adjustment is made in particular in such a way that on the one hand the lower grinding rollers 61, 62 protrude through the guideway 53 to such an extent that the side walls 6, 7 at 34 (FIG. 3) are in fact grinded down to such an extent that the crossbars 8, 9, 10 ( likewise FIG. 3) the remaining web or the remaining spring 36 corresponds exactly to the recess part 29 on the top of the stone, taking into account also a smooth grinding of the upper sides 33 of the side walls 6, 7.

After casting and hardening of a stone, it is sent through the grinding device 51, whereby it is then processed in such a way that the upper and lower sides of its longitudinal walls 6, 7 are ground off as bearing surfaces in such a way that two corresponding stones are placed one above the other dry with minimal tolerance can and that by the spring 36 engages in the groove part 29 and thereby mutual blocking or locking takes place.

The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, in the drawing and in the claims can be essential both individually and in suitable combinations for realizing the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Building block made of an expandable material or the like, such as gas-pored concrete, with a jacket surrounding at least one vertical opening made of at least two transverse and two longitudinal walls, characterized in that tongue and groove formations are provided on the outwardly directed end faces of the transverse walls that a symmetrical vertical groove (13) is formed on one end face and a corresponding tongue (14) is formed on the opposite end face and that the width of the groove (13) and tongue (14) and the width of the vertical opening (2, 3) essentially match.

2. Stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove (13) and tongue (14) run over inclined surfaces (chamfers 17, 18) in the end faces (16).

3. Stone according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vertical outer edges between the longitudinal sides of the longitudinal walls (6, 7) and end faces (16) are designed as inclined chamfers (12).

4. Stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transverse walls (8, 9, 10) have on their top a substantially across the width of the recess (2, 3) extending recess (29) on the underside a spring (36) formed in the region of the transverse walls (8, 9, 10) by grinding the underside of the longitudinal walls (6, 7) corresponds.

5. Stone according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least in the configuration as a scarf stone, the transverse walls (8, 9, 10) have an arcuate recessed groove (31) on both sides of paragraphs (32) to the surfaces (33) of the longitudinal walls (6, 7) is offset.

6. Stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two individual openings (2, 3) are formed by a central transverse wall (10).

7. Stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transverse walls (8, 9, 10) are designed such that the openings (2, 3) taper in longitudinal section from top to bottom.

8. Stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the openings (2, 3) with concrete cores (36, 37) are filled.

9. Stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavities (2, 3) are at least partially filled with thermal insulation (43), such as polystyrene or the like.

10. Stone according to claim 9, characterized in that the cavities (2, 3) are provided on one side of a longitudinal wall (6) with the thermal insulation (43).

11. Stone according to claim 10, characterized in that the remaining cavity is filled with concrete.

12. A mold for producing a plurality of stones according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shape is a flat pallet (44), one of the outer sides of the individual stones

(1) surrounding and forming frames (45) that can be lifted off the pallet and mold cores (46) that can be lifted off separately from the frame (45).

13. A process for the production of building blocks made of expandable material, such as gas porous concrete, the building blocks first being poured into molds and hardening, characterized in that a groove which is symmetrical to the longitudinal sides of the stones is formed in the casting and curing in the top of the stones and that at least the longitudinal side walls of the stones are then ground on their underside in such a way that a tongue corresponding to the groove remains on the underside of the stones symmetrically to the longitudinal side walls.

14. Device for processing pre-cast and hardened stones made of expandable material, such as gas porous concrete, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 14, characterized in that a guide track (53) is provided for the stones, which has two openings (57, 58), protrude through the two grinding wheels (61, 62) from below into the lower guide path of the stones.