DE2522689C3 - Verfahren zum Verfestigen von Glasgegenständen durch Alkatiionen-Austausch im elektrischen Feld mit dem Ziel, eine Trübung der Glasoberfläche weitgehend zu vermeiden - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Verfestigen von Glasgegenständen durch Alkatiionen-Austausch im elektrischen Feld mit dem Ziel, eine Trübung der Glasoberfläche weitgehend zu vermeidenInfo
- Publication number
- DE2522689C3 DE2522689C3 DE19752522689 DE2522689A DE2522689C3 DE 2522689 C3 DE2522689 C3 DE 2522689C3 DE 19752522689 DE19752522689 DE 19752522689 DE 2522689 A DE2522689 A DE 2522689A DE 2522689 C3 DE2522689 C3 DE 2522689C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- alkali metal
- glass surface
- electric field
- aim
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium superoxide Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-][O-] XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037867 Rash macular Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NDYAVOWOABRNON-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si](F)(F)(F)F.[K] Chemical compound [Si](F)(F)(F)F.[K] NDYAVOWOABRNON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXBMETCYASLDDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zn].[U] Chemical compound [Zn].[U] GXBMETCYASLDDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002419 bulk glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Natural products O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenhydramine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium metaphosphate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(=O)=O OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940099402 potassium metaphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Al]=O KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019983 sodium metaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
- C03C21/003—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions under application of an electrical potential difference
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD17926274A DD111361A1 (enExample) | 1974-06-19 | 1974-06-19 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2522689A1 DE2522689A1 (de) | 1976-01-15 |
| DE2522689B2 DE2522689B2 (de) | 1977-10-27 |
| DE2522689C3 true DE2522689C3 (de) | 1978-07-06 |
Family
ID=5496208
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752522689 Expired DE2522689C3 (de) | 1974-06-19 | 1975-05-22 | Verfahren zum Verfestigen von Glasgegenständen durch Alkatiionen-Austausch im elektrischen Feld mit dem Ziel, eine Trübung der Glasoberfläche weitgehend zu vermeiden |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT354665B (enExample) |
| CS (1) | CS183125B1 (enExample) |
| DD (1) | DD111361A1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE2522689C3 (enExample) |
| SU (1) | SU567696A1 (enExample) |
-
1974
- 1974-06-19 DD DD17926274A patent/DD111361A1/xx unknown
-
1975
- 1975-05-22 AT AT388375A patent/AT354665B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-05-22 DE DE19752522689 patent/DE2522689C3/de not_active Expired
- 1975-06-18 SU SU7502145379A patent/SU567696A1/ru active
- 1975-06-18 CS CS429875A patent/CS183125B1/cs unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CS183125B1 (en) | 1978-05-31 |
| DD111361A1 (enExample) | 1975-02-12 |
| DE2522689A1 (de) | 1976-01-15 |
| ATA388375A (de) | 1979-06-15 |
| SU567696A1 (ru) | 1977-08-05 |
| AT354665B (de) | 1979-01-25 |
| DE2522689B2 (de) | 1977-10-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |