DE2501802B2 - Verfahren zum Dispergieren von öl in Wasser - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Dispergieren von öl in WasserInfo
- Publication number
- DE2501802B2 DE2501802B2 DE2501802A DE2501802A DE2501802B2 DE 2501802 B2 DE2501802 B2 DE 2501802B2 DE 2501802 A DE2501802 A DE 2501802A DE 2501802 A DE2501802 A DE 2501802A DE 2501802 B2 DE2501802 B2 DE 2501802B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- alkyd resin
- water
- weight
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 hydrocarbon ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 9
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- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 8
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- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
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- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical class CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011275 tar sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- NKJOXAZJBOMXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-Oxybisoctane Chemical class CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC NKJOXAZJBOMXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DJNTZVRUYMHBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC DJNTZVRUYMHBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003924 oil dispersant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004533 oil dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCO BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAOABCKPVCUNKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methyl Nonanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCC(O)=O OAOABCKPVCUNKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOUUIFSIQMVYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(C)=O IOUUIFSIQMVYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
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- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/682—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water by addition of chemical compounds for dispersing an oily layer on water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/42—Ethers, e.g. polyglycol ethers of alcohols or phenols
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/918—Miscellaneous specific techniques
- Y10S210/922—Oil spill cleanup, e.g. bacterial
- Y10S210/925—Oil spill cleanup, e.g. bacterial using chemical agent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB219274*[A GB1459104A (en) | 1974-01-17 | 1974-01-17 | Method of oil disposal or recovery |
| GB1788374 | 1974-04-24 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2501802A1 DE2501802A1 (de) | 1975-07-24 |
| DE2501802B2 true DE2501802B2 (de) | 1979-01-25 |
| DE2501802C3 DE2501802C3 (US20050065096A1-20050324-C00069.png) | 1979-09-20 |
Family
ID=26237351
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2501802A Granted DE2501802B2 (de) | 1974-01-17 | 1975-01-17 | Verfahren zum Dispergieren von öl in Wasser |
Country Status (18)
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1567310A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1980-05-14 | Ici Ltd | Demulsification of water-in-oil emulsions |
| GB2017719B (en) * | 1978-03-23 | 1982-07-21 | Ici Ltd | Surfactant compositions comprising a blend of two types of alk(en)yl succinic polyester |
| EP0007731A3 (en) * | 1978-07-28 | 1980-02-20 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Process for the production of dispersions of hydrophobic particulate solids (e.g. pesticides) and the particulate dispersions thus obtained |
| DE2843685C2 (de) * | 1978-10-06 | 1987-04-09 | Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH (GBF), 3300 Braunschweig | Verfahren zur Beseitigung von Ölverschmutzungen unter Verwendung mikrobiell erzeugter Glycolipide |
| DE2928674A1 (de) * | 1979-07-16 | 1981-02-12 | Biotechnolog Forschung Gmbh | Anwendung eines verfahrens zum abtrennen von oelen oder erdoelkohlenwasserstoffen |
| DE2932687A1 (de) * | 1979-08-11 | 1981-02-26 | Bayer Ag | Emulgatorsystem und seine verwendung als entschaeumungs- und schaumverhuetungsmittel |
| FR2479251A1 (fr) * | 1980-03-28 | 1981-10-02 | Labofina Sa | Methode pour disperser les nappes d'huile a la surface de l'eau et compositions dispersantes utilisees a cet effet |
| US4560482A (en) * | 1983-12-08 | 1985-12-24 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Chemical dispersant for viscous oils |
| DE69230235T2 (de) * | 1991-04-08 | 2000-05-31 | Kao Corp., Tokio/Tokyo | Kosmetische Zusammensetzung |
| AT407989B (de) * | 1999-10-15 | 2001-07-25 | Solutia Austria Gmbh | Emulgatoren für alkydharzemulsionen mit hohem feststoffgehalt |
| ES2226573B1 (es) * | 2003-08-27 | 2006-06-01 | Tecnicas Quimicas Industriales, S.A. (Tequisa) | Formulacion para el tratamiento in situ de hidrocarburos, procedimiento para su preparacion y aplicaciones. |
| WO2005115603A2 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2005-12-08 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Corp-Urc-Sw348 | Oil spill dispersants and dispersion methods |
| US20120142819A1 (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-07 | Jamie Dziczkowski | Aqueous emulsion shear stable coating vehicle |
| US8415286B1 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2013-04-09 | Green On Industries Inc. | Solvent-free oil dispersant |
| US9145340B2 (en) | 2012-08-13 | 2015-09-29 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Method of reducing atmospheric ammonia in livestock and poultry containment facilities |
| US9961922B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2018-05-08 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Animal feed and/or water amendments for lowering ammonia concentrations in animal excrement |
| US11254620B2 (en) | 2013-08-05 | 2022-02-22 | Verdesian Life Sciences U.S., Llc | Micronutrient-enhanced polymeric seed coatings |
| TW201522390A (zh) | 2013-08-27 | 2015-06-16 | 特級肥料產品公司 | 聚陰離子聚合物 |
| WO2015035031A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-12 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Polymer-boric acid compositions |
| CA2945823C (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2022-04-26 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Polymer soil treatment compositions including humic acids |
| US10822487B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2020-11-03 | Verdesian Life Sciences Llc | Polymeric compositions |
| US11162053B2 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2021-11-02 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Nonylphenol ethoxylate-free oil dispersant formulation |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3310512A (en) * | 1965-08-04 | 1967-03-21 | Archer Daniels Midland Co | Water dispersible resins comprising polyalkylene glycol, dicarboxylic acid and polyhydric alcohol |
| FR1567930A (US20050065096A1-20050324-C00069.png) * | 1966-10-19 | 1969-05-23 | ||
| GB1205235A (en) * | 1967-05-03 | 1970-09-16 | Ici Ltd | Emulsification of oil on water |
| US3941694A (en) * | 1970-03-02 | 1976-03-02 | Shell Oil Company | Process for reducing the adherence of oil to siliceous material |
| US3810835A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1974-05-14 | Chevron Res | Process for treating oil slicks using chemical agents |
| US3699065A (en) * | 1971-03-04 | 1972-10-17 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Water-soluble alkyd resin compositions |
-
1974
- 1974-01-17 GB GB219274*[A patent/GB1459104A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-13 US US05/532,692 patent/US3996134A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-01-01 AR AR257316A patent/AR207345A1/es active
- 1975-01-02 IE IE2/75A patent/IE40459B1/xx unknown
- 1975-01-10 IL IL46419A patent/IL46419A/en unknown
- 1975-01-10 NO NO750064A patent/NO144447C/no unknown
- 1975-01-14 DK DK7275*BA patent/DK7275A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-01-15 BR BR268/75A patent/BR7500268A/pt unknown
- 1975-01-16 FR FR7501274A patent/FR2258348B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1975-01-16 IT IT19324/75A patent/IT1028406B/it active
- 1975-01-16 SE SE7500458A patent/SE409448B/xx unknown
- 1975-01-17 JP JP766075A patent/JPS531069B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1975-01-17 NL NLAANVRAGE7500562,A patent/NL175808C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-01-17 CA CA218,271A patent/CA1040048A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-01-17 RO RO7581143A patent/RO70261A/ro unknown
- 1975-01-17 DE DE2501802A patent/DE2501802B2/de active Granted
- 1975-01-17 ES ES433912A patent/ES433912A1/es not_active Expired
- 1975-01-18 EG EG25/75A patent/EG11924A/xx active
Also Published As
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) |