DE2404800C3 - Smoldering generator for the production of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons and other substances by heat treatment of automobile tires - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a smoldering generator for the production of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons and other substances from the heat treatment of automobile tires under extensive exclusion of air.

The beneficial recycling of old automobile tires has encountered difficulties so far. Tried to put the tires with the garbage or separately burn, but this creates harmful gases and vapors that pollute the air. Deposits in the ground lead to lasting effects on the subsoil, including fragmentation does not go much further here and is also difficult and expensive. Only a small percentage of that Accruing tires with an undamaged casing can be economically recycled through retreading. The peeled off rubber is used as a filler and for hard rubber production.

It is also known from IT-PS 3,28,776 to convert rubber waste to crude oil by dry distillation win, which is subjected to a fractional distillation, with light oil and heavy oil be won. The carbonaceous residue left behind during the dry distillation of the rubber becomes Purified with hydrochloric acid and bicarbonate and is a very pure biochar.

For the implementation of such processes complicated apparatuses are required and the Accruing raw products must be further processed in separate processes.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a smoldering generator of the type mentioned above, which is able to process the uncomminuted automobile tires so that the gaseous, liquid and solid substances can be removed in a continuous operation, and preferably to design the generator in this way that the heat required for the smoldering process is wholly or partly obtained by burning the resulting gas and / or carbon, ίο This object is achieved according to the invention in that the generator as a heatable, vertically adapted to the diameter of the stacked, non-comminuted tires standing and arranged in a thermally insulated room is formed smoldering tube, which at its upper end with an airtight, siphon-like insertion device with an oil bath further with one or more connections for distillation or rectification columns and at the lower end with an outlet or entna A device is provided for the solid residues that arise

For the purposes of the invention, automobile tires are to be understood as meaning all types of automobile or vehicle tires, pneumatic and solid rubber tires which consist predominantly of natural and / or synthetic rubber with textile inserts, metal inserts and similar reinforcements. Also, damaged or partly damaged tires can be processed n ^ ch the method of the invention.

χι For certain cases it is advisable to use tires of the same composition groups, such as B. with artificial silk carcass and polyester carcass, tires with steel insert, to blacken separately.

Due to the siphon-like shape of the insertion device Γ) The tires can be inserted into the oil bath from above so that the inner space is filled with oil fills. The tires can be moved upwards into the interior of the furnace on an inclined surface. The tires get inside the smoldering tube and move;: i move under gravity or by a conveyor with heating and softening in the actual smoldering zone, in which they puff up and under The formation and release of volatile substances become carbonized.

· .-, Depending on the selected smoldering temperature of 200 ⁰ C to over 100O'C, the composition of the formed substances vary. The solids migrate down the lower part of the pipe and are transported by a conveyor, e.g. B. a rotatable disc, ίο a conveyor belt or a screw conveyor, removed to the outside.

The carbonization tube can be heated from the outside by adding hot air or other gases to a Burner through a shaft that r> Surrounds pipe and which is shielded from the outside by a heat-insulating cladding. in the Inside the pipe there is preferably a slight overpressure so that the air can flow through the discharge arrangement the coal cannot penetrate from the outside. The hot coal discharged is preferably used afterwards Heat exchange to preheat the burner air.

The smoldering tube is a vertical tube. Figure: u! K 'in the lower part is preferably a Combustion chamber provided for the solid residues.

In the upper part of the welding pipe, an opening with a lock can also be provided in order to Introduce additives such as lime or other additives that influence the smoldering process and in

lead in the desired manner.

The heating of the tires for the purpose of smoldering can also be wholly or partly through Combustion of the resulting gas and / or carbon can be carried out. For this purpose, im the lower part of the Schwelrohr a section of the wall provided with openings that one the Form the pipe diameter corresponding ring grate.

In order to simultaneously superimpose the smoldering process by blowing in water vapor and / or CO2, water gas processes and / or reduction processes, a feed device for introducing steam and / or CO _{2 is} provided in the lower part of the smoldering tube.

In the drawings, two exemplary embodiments of the simmering generator are shown

F i g. 1 shows a system that works with indirect heating of the smoldering tube;

Fig.2 shows the lower part of the smoldering tube in Connection with devices that allow direct and indirect heating of the smoldering product while burning off enable partial substances.

The carbonization gas generator according to FIG. 1 contains a smoldering tube 1, e.g. B. made of steel, the inner diameter of which is dimensioned so that the tires of normal diameter can be stacked in it. At a distance from the Schwelrohr there is a casing 2, which is constructed to be heat-insulating. The distance between the jacket tube 2 and the tube 1 is dimensioned so that heated gases from a burner 3 can sweep upwards around the tube. The gases leave the space between the pipe 1 and the jacket 2 through a vent 4.

The tube 1 is closed at the top by a wall 5 which is connected to a feed device. A lock 29 is built into this wall, through which additives or catalysts for influencing or directing the smoldering process can be introduced. The feed contains a tubular container 6 which is connected to the tube 1 via a line 7 with a rectangular cross-section. The pipe 6 and the line 7 are filled with an oil 8, the level of which is indicated at 9. To feed the tires 13 is a gripper 10, in each of which a tire is hung and which _{moves the tire 13 down into the A} oil bath so that the inside of the tire is filled with oil and the air can escape by bending the tire bead. The tire 13 located at the bottom of the oil bath is then moved obliquely upward through the line by a pushing device 11, the oil flowing out of the interior of the tire 13 and the tire bead being opened so far by a rotating device 12 provided with a hook that no oil residues remain in the tire. The rotation of the device 12 can be synchronized with the advance movement of the pushing device 11 so that only the rear end of the tire is grasped by the hook of the rotating device. The tire 13 then lies down on a stack of tires that is formed inside the tube 1.

In the upper part of the pipe 1, lines 14 and 14a for the volatile substances formed are connected, which can be controlled by valves 140 and 14c. They can be cooled and may partially heated and _h lead to the condensing, rectification or distillation columns 15, 16,. The gaseous components are discharged through a line 17 for further processing.

During operation, the tires 13 are heated to such an extent that they soften in the smoldering zone 18 and are decomposed to form hydrocarbons. The remaining solid constituents 19 consist predominantly of porous carbon and fillers, which are removed from the pipe 1 with the aid of a removal device 20. This device consists, for. B. from a rotatable, slowly rotating plate 20 with a scraper on which the solid components are guided to the outside. In the area of the extraction device, safety ignition flames 19a burn and ignite and burn off residual gases emerging from excess pressure in the smoldering tube or insufficient outgassing at the discharge. The lower part of the smoldering system is shown broken off at the point 21 and can be replaced by an in FIG. 2, which is used for partially direct heating of the carbonized material.In this device, air or an oxygen-containing gas is fed to a combustion zone 26 through an annular nozzle tube 22, so that the carbon available in the lower part of the tube 1 burns partially as well as residual gases . In this case, some of the heat is conducted directly into the smoldering zone through radiation and thermal conduction , while the exhaust gases

> 5 heat the smoldering tube 1.

Part of the wall of the smoldering tube is provided with an opening 27 which, for. B. form an annular grate corresponding to the pipe diameter. The inner surface of the ring grate is formed by the pushing

jn Schwelgut is the burn-off surface, which is supplied with air through smoke deflectors 28 and possibly additionally heated with gas burners 30 so that the exhaust gas flows away from the ring grate into the space of the heating jacket 2 of the upper smoldering pipe. This is done by

i) Setting the overpressure in the smoldering tube 1 Penetration of air into the interior of the tube 1 is avoided. At higher smoldering tube pressure, Carbonization gas to support the burning of the coal can be passed through this to the outside.

It may be expedient to introduce water vapor through feed nozzles 23 at the carbon annealing zone in order to achieve decomposition of the vapor, as is known from gas generator technology, or to add CO ₂ obtained from the exhaust gas to the hot carbon

-, to reduce.

A fan .24 is provided for supplying the air, while the air is discharged downwards falling amounts of coal can be done by a belt conveyor 25.

ο In one embodiment, the commercially available Automobile tires were subjected to smoldering, gas mixtures were found in two samples the following composition:

Sample 1 Sample 2 O ₂ 0.07% 0.7% N, 1.1% 2.7% CO 12.0% 13.0% CO ₂ 30.0% 21.0% H ₂ 4.7% 5.1% methane 12.0% 14.0 ^υ /;> Athan 4.0% 4.3% Ethylene 7.7% 6.7% propane 2.90 / o 3.1% Isobutane and propylene 3.3% 3.7% n-butane 1.0% 1.0%

2404 continuation 800 Sample; 1.0% Butene- (l) Sample 1 1.7% Isobutane and isopantane 1.0% 0.9% trans-butene- (2) 1.4% 0.3% n-pentane 1.0% 0.5% cis-butene- (2) 0.4% 0.4% 2-methylbutene- (l) 0.7 "/ o 1.1% Butadiene 0.4% further not identifi rest 1.8% adorned components

The resulting pyrolysis oils contain a high proportion of abiler at the stage of their formation Hydrocarbon compounds that are found in the distillation

15 lation, change in exposure to light and analytical recording for more stable substances.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. Smoldering generator for the production of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons and other substances by heat treatment of automobile tires with extensive exclusion of air, characterized in that the generator is a heatable, vertically standing smoldering tube (1 ) is formed, which at its upper end with an airtight, siphon-like insertion device (6, 7) with an oil bath (8), also with one or more connections (14, 14a) for distillation or rectification columns (15, 16) and is provided at the lower end with an export or removal device (20, 25) for the solid residues that arise 2. Schwelgenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that a combustion chamber (26) for the solid residues is contained in the lower part of the Schwelroh res. 3. Smoldering generator according to claim 1, characterized in that a section of the wall is provided with openings (27) in the lower part of the welding pipe. which form an annular grate corresponding to the pipe diameter. 4. Smoldering generator according to claim 1, characterized in that a feed device (23) for introducing water vapor and / or CO _{2 is provided} at the carbon annealing zone in the lower part of the smoldering tube.