CN115247084B - High-quality synthesis gas preparation system based on biomass self-heating source pyrolysis gasification - Google Patents
High-quality synthesis gas preparation system based on biomass self-heating source pyrolysis gasification Download PDFInfo
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- CN115247084B CN115247084B CN202210801942.4A CN202210801942A CN115247084B CN 115247084 B CN115247084 B CN 115247084B CN 202210801942 A CN202210801942 A CN 202210801942A CN 115247084 B CN115247084 B CN 115247084B
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- pyrolysis gasification
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass self-heating source pyrolysis gasification-based high-quality synthesis gas preparation system, which comprises a combustion furnace and a gasification pipeline, wherein the main body part of the gasification pipeline is positioned in the combustion furnace, the front end of the gasification pipeline is provided with a biomass material inlet, the rear end of the gasification pipeline is provided with a synthesis gas outlet, the gasification pipeline can carry out pyrolysis gasification on biomass introduced from the biomass material inlet in a segmented pyrolysis gasification mode, the generated synthesis gas is led out from the synthesis gas outlet, the rear end of the gasification pipeline of the combustion furnace is provided with a carbon residue storage bin, and the combustion furnace is provided with a carbon residue feeder for leading carbon residue generated after pyrolysis gasification of the gasification pipeline into the combustion furnace to burn so as to provide a heat source for pyrolysis gasification of biomass in the gasification pipeline. According to the biomass pyrolysis gasification device, biomass pyrolysis gasification and combustion processes are mutually separated and coupled in a multistage type pyrolysis gasification mode, so that the quality of synthesis gas is greatly improved, and meanwhile, a heat source is provided for pyrolysis gasification by combusting biomass pyrolysis gasification residual solid carbon, so that the efficient utilization of biomass energy is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass treatment, in particular to a high-quality synthesis gas preparation system based on biomass pyrolysis gasification.
Background
Biomass forms carbon circulation in nature through photocatalysis, so the biomass is a clean energy source with zero carbon emission, no greenhouse effect is generated, biomass reserves are abundant, therefore, biomass resources are fully and effectively utilized, and the method has important significance for improving the energy utilization mode and solving the increasingly serious problems of environment and energy shortage.
At present, a common process for biomass gasification mainly adopts air as a gasifying agent, and processes such as biomass drying, pyrolysis gasification, partial oxidation combustion, synthesis gas reduction and the like are carried out through vertical furnaces such as a solidified bed, a fluidized bed and the like, so that the biomass is partially converted into combustible gas (synthesis gas) to be used for industrial application of the produced synthesis gas.
The traditional biomass gasification process firstly adopts partial oxidation to supply heat, and in the same process of combustion and pyrolysis gasification, incombustible gas and pyrolysis gas are introduced during the period to be mixed, so that the load of a subsequent treatment system is greatly increased, the quality of pyrolysis synthesis gas is reduced, in addition, due to the influence of factors such as insufficient reduction of the pyrolysis gas, short reaction time and the like, the tar content of a synthesis gas product is high, and the quality of synthesis gas is further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-quality synthesis gas preparation system based on biomass self-heating source pyrolysis gasification, which can separate biomass pyrolysis gasification from a combustion process, increase biomass pyrolysis gasification reaction time, strengthen a tar decomposition process and further improve the quality of synthesis gas.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a high-quality synthetic gas preparation system based on living beings self-heating source pyrolysis gasification, includes combustion furnace and gasification pipeline, gasification pipeline's main part is located the combustion furnace, and the front end is equipped with biomass material entry, and the rear end has the synthetic gas export that extends to outside the combustion furnace, and this gasification pipeline can with the living beings of segmentation pyrolysis gasification mode pyrolysis gasification from biomass material entry introduction to draw forth the synthetic gas that will produce by the synthetic gas export, the combustion furnace is equipped with the carbon residue storage bin at gasification pipeline rear end, and is furnished with the carbon residue feeder for leading into combustion furnace burning with the carbon residue that gasification pipeline pyrolysis gasification back produced, provides the heat source for the pyrolysis gasification of living beings in the gasification pipeline.
In the system, the biomass pyrolysis gasification process is carried out in the gasification pipeline, the oxidation combustion is carried out in the combustion furnace, the pyrolysis gasification and the oxidation combustion of the conventional biomass pyrolysis gasification process are completed in two independent systems separately and are mutually coupled, the residual solid carbon generated by the pyrolysis gasification is used as fuel, heat generated by the oxidation combustion provides a heat source for the pyrolysis gasification, and flue gas generated by the combustion and nitrogen in the combustion improver cannot enter into synthesis gas generated by the pyrolysis gasification, so that the quality of the power synthesis gas is improved to a greater extent.
Further, a spiral conveying device is arranged in the gasification pipeline, and the main body part of the gasification pipeline is arranged in the combustion furnace in a roundabout mode and is provided with at least one gasifying agent inlet. Therefore, biomass and synthesis gas move in the same direction in the gasification pipeline, tar generated by pyrolysis in the previous stage can be catalyzed and decomposed by solid carbon generated in the previous stage in the subsequent gasification process, the tar amount in the synthesis gas is reduced, the gasification pipeline is arranged in a roundabout way, the sectional pyrolysis gasification of the biomass is realized, and meanwhile, the space utilization rate of equipment is improved.
Furthermore, the main body part is arranged in a serpentine shape in the vertical direction of the combustion furnace and extends from bottom to top, so that the heat distribution in the combustion furnace meets the requirement of sectional pyrolysis gasification in the gasification pipeline, three gasifying agent inlets are arranged at the front end of the main body part, and the other two inlets are correspondingly arranged at two bending positions of the main body part.
Preferably, the outer wall of the gasification pipeline is provided with heat transfer ribs so as to enhance heat transfer between the combustion flue gas and the gasification pipeline.
Preferably, at least two gasification pipelines are arranged in parallel along the transverse direction in the combustion furnace so as to meet the requirements of different loads of the equipment.
Preferably, a waste heat exchanger and a steam superheater are arranged above the combustion furnace, and generated steam can be converted into mechanical energy or is used for carrying out local heat supply through expansion equipment, so that waste heat recovery and utilization of combustion tail gas are realized, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
Preferably, the combustion furnace adopts a common chain furnace, and is provided with a grate, a carbon residue storage bin is arranged above the tail part of the grate, and residual solid carbon can be uniformly arranged on the grate of the chain furnace by utilizing a feeding mechanism designed below the carbon residue storage bin, and meanwhile, the combustion furnace plays a role in sealing, so that combustion flue gas or air is prevented from entering the carbon residue storage bin, the quality of synthesis gas is improved, the safety of the carbon residue storage bin is ensured, and the layout is convenient.
Preferably, a partition air duct is arranged below the fire grate, the air supply quantity of the partition air duct is controlled, so that the complete combustion of residual solid carbon can be ensured, meanwhile, due to the inflammable characteristic of high-temperature solid carbon, the combustion air quantity can be effectively controlled, the flue gas quantity of the gasification furnace is reduced, the temperature in the gasification furnace is improved, and the quality of biomass pyrolysis gasification synthetic gas is further improved. An air preheater is arranged on an air inlet pipeline of the partition wind scoop, is positioned in a flue of the combustion furnace, and preheats air introduced into the chain furnace by utilizing waste heat, so that the combustion efficiency and the overall energy utilization rate are improved.
The synthetic gas outlet is provided with an induced draft fan and is connected with a cooling and purifying device so as to conveniently lead out the synthetic gas for purification and encapsulation.
The beneficial effects are that:
according to the biomass pyrolysis gasification device, biomass pyrolysis gasification and combustion processes are mutually separated and coupled in a multistage type pyrolysis gasification mode, so that the quality of synthesis gas is greatly improved, and meanwhile, a heat source is provided for pyrolysis gasification by combusting biomass pyrolysis gasification residual solid carbon, so that the efficient utilization of biomass energy is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary architecture of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the burner of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples and figures.
The biomass self-heating source pyrolysis gasification-based high-quality synthesis gas preparation system shown in fig. 1 comprises a combustion furnace 1 and a gasification pipeline 2, wherein pyrolysis gasification of biomass is completed in the gasification pipeline 2, carbon residues generated by pyrolysis gasification are introduced into the combustion furnace 1 to be combusted, and a heat source is provided for biomass pyrolysis gasification in the gasification pipeline 2.
Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the combustion furnace 1 is preferably a chain furnace, the main body portion 20 of the gasification pipe 2 is located in the furnace 10 of the combustion furnace 1, the front end of the main body portion is provided with a biomass material inlet 21 for introducing biomass material into the gasification pipe 2, the main body portion 20 extends in a serpentine shape from bottom to top in the furnace 10, the whole is in an S-shaped three-stage structure, a screw conveying device 23 is disposed in the main body portion 20, the biomass material introduced from the biomass material inlet 21 is conveyed from front to back by a driving motor 26 located at the front end of the gasification pipe 2, and a gasifying agent inlet 24 is disposed at each of the front end portion of the main body portion 20 introduced into the furnace 10 and two bending positions, so that the gasification pipe 2 can pyrolyze and gasify biomass material introduced from the biomass material inlet 21 in a sectional pyrolysis gasification manner.
The combustion furnace 1 is provided with a carbon residue storage bin 3 below the rear end of the gasification pipeline 2, residual solid carbon generated by pyrolysis and gasification of biomass materials in the gasification pipeline 2 falls into the carbon residue storage bin 3 under the pushing of the screw conveying device 23, a carbon residue feeder 4 is arranged at the bottom of the carbon residue storage bin 3 and is used for feeding the carbon residue to the fire grate 11 of the combustion furnace 1 below for combustion when the carbon residue in the carbon residue storage bin 3 reaches a set storage amount, continuous feeding is realized, the storage amount of the materials in the carbon residue storage bin 3 is controlled by reasonably designing the structure of the carbon residue feeder 4, or a proper sealing structure is arranged at the discharge position of the carbon residue storage bin 3, so that air entering the carbon residue storage bin 3 can be reduced, and the quality of synthesis gas and the safety of the carbon residue materials in the carbon residue storage bin 3 are ensured.
The gasification pipe 2 has its rear end extended to the outside of the combustion furnace 1 and forms a synthesis gas outlet 22, and the synthesis gas outlet 22 is provided with an induced draft fan and is connected with a cooling and purifying device, so that the synthesis gas generated by pyrolysis gasification is conveniently led out for purification and packaging for sale.
The residual solid carbon is stacked on the fire grate 11, a plurality of partition wind scoops 12 are distributed below the fire grate 11 along the length direction, the complete combustion of the residual solid carbon can be ensured by controlling the air supply quantity of the partition wind scoops 12, the combustion air quantity can be effectively controlled due to the inflammability of the high-temperature solid carbon, the flue gas quantity in the furnace is reduced, the temperature in the combustion furnace 1 is improved, and the quality of the synthesis gas obtained by pyrolysis and gasification of biomass is further improved.
The grate 11 is operated in a horizontal direction so that carbon residues are burned in an area right below the main body part 20 of the gasification pipe 2, heat generated by the combustion provides a heat source for pyrolysis and gasification of biomass in the gasification pipe 2, a slag collecting chamber 14 is arranged at the tail end position of the grate 11 in the operation direction and is used for collecting ash residues left after the combustion of the residual solid carbon, and an ash residue scraper 11a is arranged at a position close to the slag collecting chamber 14 so as to clean ash residues adhered to the grate 11.
In order to enhance the heat transfer between the combustion flue gases and the gasification pipe 2, heat transfer ribs 25 are also distributed on the outer wall of the gasification pipe 2.
It can be seen from fig. 1 that the waste heat exchanger 5 and the steam superheater 6 are arranged above the hearth 10 of the combustion furnace 1, the combustion tail gas passes through the waste heat exchanger 5 and the steam superheater 6, and the generated steam can be converted into mechanical energy through professional expansion equipment to generate electricity or perform regional heat supply, so that the waste heat recovery of the combustion tail gas is realized, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
The combustion tail gas enters a flue 13 behind the combustion furnace 1 after heat exchange by the waste heat exchanger 5 and the steam superheater 6, is discharged to the atmosphere environment through a chimney 18 after dust removal and desulfurization purification by a dust remover 16 and a desulfurizer 17 in sequence, and is provided with an ash collecting chamber 15 below the flue 13 for collecting residual dust in the tail gas.
An air preheater 7 is arranged in the flue 13, and the air preheater 7 is positioned on the air inlet pipeline 7 of the partition wind scoop 12, so that the air introduced into the partition wind scoop 12 is preheated by waste heat, and the combustion efficiency and the overall energy utilization rate are further improved.
The working principle of the high-quality synthesis gas preparation system is as follows:
before biomass is introduced into the gasification pipeline 2, the biomass is firstly crushed into 1cm 3 Particles of a right and left size to facilitate movement and pyrolysis gasification reactions within the gasification duct 2.
The granular biomass enters the main body part 20 from the biomass material inlet 21 at the lower end of the gasification pipeline 2, is conveyed upwards under the drive of the spiral conveying device 23, and simultaneously enters the gasification pipeline 2, gasifying agent oxygen is introduced into the gasifying agent inlet 24 at the first position, and the biomass particles and gasifying agent undergo a first-stage drying and pyrolysis reaction at the first section of the pipeline, so that the biomass is converted into solid carbon, and a large amount of substances such as pyrolysis gas, tar and the like are generated.
When the pyrolyzed solid carbon enters the second section of the pipeline, gasifying agent steam is introduced into a gasifying agent inlet 24 at the second position, and substances such as the solid carbon, the steam, a small amount of oxygen, tar and the like undergo a second stage water-coal reaction and a reduction reaction in the gasifying pipeline 2, so that the generated tar is further decomposed under the catalysis of the solid carbon, and the solid carbon and the steam are further reacted to generate more carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
When the second stage reaction product enters the third section of the gasification pipeline, a small amount of steam is introduced into the gasifying agent inlet 24 at the third position, so that solid carbon and steam are reacted with water coal again, and the tar content in the final synthesis gas is reduced through the catalysis and filtration effects of the solid carbon, thereby effectively reducing the load of the rear-end treatment equipment and further improving the quality of the synthesis gas.
After three-stage pyrolysis gasification, the generated synthesis gas is led out from a synthesis gas outlet 22 through a draught fan, then enters a cooling and purifying device for cooling and purifying, and is packaged and sold. The residual solid carbon falls into the residual carbon storage bin 3, and is distributed to the fire grate 11 of the combustion furnace 1 by the residual carbon feeder 4 for oxidation combustion, so as to provide a heat source for pyrolysis and gasification of biomass in the gasification pipeline 2.
It should be appreciated that the type and amount of gasifying agent introduced into each gasifying agent inlet 24 may be selected according to the type and characteristics of the biomass, and are not limited to those exemplified in the above embodiments.
Furthermore, the gasification pipe 2 may be provided in a plurality of side-by-side arrangement in the furnace 10 of the combustion furnace 1, depending on the design capacity and load size.
Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and that many similar changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. High-quality synthesis gas preparation system based on biomass self-heating source pyrolysis gasification, including burning furnace (1) and gasification pipeline (2), its characterized in that: the main body part (20) of the gasification pipeline (2) is positioned in the combustion furnace (1), the front end of the gasification pipeline is provided with a biomass material inlet (21), the rear end of the gasification pipeline is provided with a synthesis gas outlet (22) extending out of the combustion furnace (1), the gasification pipeline (2) can pyrolyze and gasify biomass introduced from the biomass material inlet (21) in a segmented pyrolysis gasification mode, the generated synthesis gas is led out from the synthesis gas outlet (22), the combustion furnace (1) is provided with a carbon residue storage bin (3) at the rear end of the gasification pipeline (2), and the carbon residue feeder (4) is configured to introduce carbon residue generated after pyrolysis gasification of the gasification pipeline (2) into the combustion furnace (1) for combustion, and a heat source is provided for pyrolysis gasification of biomass in the gasification pipeline (2);
a spiral conveying device (23) is arranged in the gasification pipeline (2), and a main body part (20) of the gasification pipeline (2) is arranged in the combustion furnace (1) in a roundabout mode and is provided with a gasifying agent inlet (24);
the biomass material inlet (21) is positioned at the lower end of the gasification pipeline (2), the main body part (20) is arranged in a serpentine shape in the vertical direction of the combustion furnace (1) and extends from bottom to top, so that biomass introduced by the biomass material inlet (21) can be conveyed upwards under the drive of the spiral conveying device (23), the gasification agent inlet (24) is arranged at three positions, one position is arranged at the front end of the main body part (20), and the other two positions are correspondingly arranged at two bending positions of the main body part (20).
2. The biomass autothermal pyrolysis gasification based high quality syngas production system of claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the gasification pipeline (2) is provided with heat transfer fins (25).
3. The biomass autothermal pyrolysis gasification based high quality syngas production system of claim 1, wherein: at least two gasification pipelines (2) are arranged in parallel along the transverse direction in the combustion furnace (1).
4. The biomass autothermal pyrolysis gasification based high quality syngas production system of claim 1, wherein: a waste heat exchanger (5) and a steam superheater (6) are arranged above the combustion furnace (1).
5. The biomass autothermal pyrolysis gasification based high quality syngas production system of claim 1, wherein: the combustion furnace (1) is a chain furnace and is provided with a fire grate (11), and the carbon residue storage bin (3) is positioned above the tail part of the fire grate (11).
6. The biomass autothermal pyrolysis gasification based high quality syngas production system of claim 5, wherein: the air inlet pipeline of the partition wind scoop (12) is provided with an air preheater (7), and the air preheater (7) is positioned in a flue (13) of the combustion furnace (1).
7. The biomass autothermal pyrolysis gasification based high quality syngas production system of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the synthesis gas outlet (22) is provided with an induced draft fan and is connected with a cooling and purifying device.
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|---|---|
| CN115247084A (en) | 2022-10-28 |
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