CN217173630U - Biomass gasification system applied to carbon and heat co-production - Google Patents

Biomass gasification system applied to carbon and heat co-production Download PDF

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CN217173630U
CN217173630U CN202220973225.5U CN202220973225U CN217173630U CN 217173630 U CN217173630 U CN 217173630U CN 202220973225 U CN202220973225 U CN 202220973225U CN 217173630 U CN217173630 U CN 217173630U
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biomass
gasification
outlet
gas
carbon
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荆玉晓
梁兹海
杨雯鑫
李文静
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Qingdao Zhikong Zero Carbon Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a biomass gasification field, concretely relates to be applied to living beings gasification system of charcoal, hot coproduction. The process flow of the biomass gasification system is biomass raw material → a storage bin → a belt conveyor → a sealed feeding system → a gasification furnace → a gas purifier → a gas booster fan → a low-nitrogen combustor → a steam boiler → a dust remover → a boiler induced draft fan → a chimney. The biomass gas generated by the system is directly sent to the combustion system for combustion in a high-temperature state, no wastewater or waste liquid is discharged, and no solid waste is discharged in the system, so that the system has better environmental protection property and better meets the requirements of green, sustainability and circular economy.

Description

Biomass gasification system applied to carbon and heat co-production
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a biomass gasification field, concretely relates to be applied to living beings gasification system of charcoal, hot coproduction.
Background
At present, steam energy is needed in the production process of enterprises such as printing and dyeing, chemical industry, food, pharmacy, rubber tires and the like, the consumption is very high, and how to reduce the cost and improve the competitive advantage of the enterprises is the focus of general attention of the high-energy-consumption enterprises at present. And China is the world with the largest energy consumption and the world with the largest carbon emission, according to statistics, the carbon emission is nearly 100 hundred million tons in 2020, and the carbon emission accounts for about 30 percent of the world. Therefore, China puts forward a carbon peak-reaching carbon neutralization target, further promotes the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society in China, and enables high-energy-consumption enterprises to develop towards low cost, low consumption, low emission, high level and high benefit.
At present, the economic structure of China is mainly in the manufacturing industry and is known as a world factory; the energy structure is mainly coal, so-called 'rich coal, lean oil and little gas', the energy-saving space of an enterprise is very large, and the pressure for reducing the carbon emission is also very large, so that the biomass energy has very good application prospect in China. The biomass gasification system for carbon and heat cogeneration just conforms to the market demand, and biomass energy has the characteristics of being green, clean and reproducible. By the technical means, the environmental protection requirements of no sulfur, low dust and low nitrogen oxide emission can be realized. The raw material source is wide, the waste materials in agricultural and forestry production can be fully utilized, and the aims of changing waste into valuables and comprehensively utilizing the waste materials are fulfilled; the energy shortage is relieved, the energy source is wide and the price is low as the fourth large energy source for replacing fossil energy, the energy-saving technical solution with low-cost steam and low-carbon emission is provided for enterprises, and the energy-saving steam generator has huge market potential and development space.
The fixed bed gasification furnace which is commonly used in the market at present mainly has an updraft type and a downdraft type, but the two types of the furnace have obvious defects. The updraft gasifier has the defects of high tar content and poor gas quality in the produced gas, equipment failure is easily caused by coagulation and blockage of tar, and a system cannot normally run; the downdraft gasifier has the problem that the produced gas contains more ash, and the accumulation of the ash prevents a system from stably operating for a long time, so that the downdraft gasifier needs to be shut down periodically for cleaning.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a be applied to charcoal, the hot biomass gasification system who produces of antithetical couplet, its aim at provide one kind can long-term steady operation and low cost, low consumption, low emission, high level, the charcoal of high benefit, hot antithetical couplet produce the biomass gasification system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is that:
the utility model provides a be applied to living beings gasification system of charcoal, heat coproduction, include:
a silo for storing biomass;
the starting end of the biomass conveying direction of the belt conveyor is arranged right below the outlet of the storage bin;
the sealed feeding system is arranged right below the tail end of the belt conveyor in the biomass conveying direction;
the gasification furnace is internally provided with a horn-shaped blanking skirt, and the gasification furnace is divided into an upper bin and a lower bin by the blanking skirt, which are respectively named as a storage chamber and a gasification chamber; the top of the storage chamber is connected with an outlet of the sealed feeding system; the side wall of the top of the gasification chamber is provided with an air outlet, and the height of the gasification chamber is 2.2 times of that of the storage chamber;
the air supply slag remover is arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber; a grate and a deslagging device are arranged in the air supply deslagging machine, an air inlet is arranged on the outer wall of the lower part of the air supply deslagging machine, and the air inlet is connected with a gasifier blower;
the cooling scraper slag remover is arranged at the bottom of the air supply slag remover and used for receiving the biomass carbon discharged from the gasification furnace;
the gas purifier is internally provided with filler, an inlet of the gas purifier is connected with the gas outlet, and an outlet of the gas purifier is connected with an inlet of the gas booster fan through a pipeline;
the inlet of the low-nitrogen combustor is connected with the outlet of the gas booster fan; an air inlet is arranged below the low-nitrogen combustor and connected with a gas blower;
the steam boiler is connected with the outlet of the low-nitrogen combustor; the top of the steam boiler is provided with a steam outlet which is connected with heat utilization equipment; the tail part of the steam boiler is provided with a flue gas outlet;
the dust remover is connected with the flue gas outlet; the outlet of the dust remover is connected with the inlet of a boiler induced draft fan through a flue;
and the chimney is connected with an outlet of the boiler induced draft fan through a flue.
Further, the feed bin lower half is provided with discharge valve, discharge valve will the feed bin divide into upper and lower two parts, names storage portion and ejection of compact portion respectively.
Further, the shape of storage portion is the cylinder type, the shape of ejection of compact portion is the loudspeaker type.
Further, the lateral wall of unloading skirt with the gasifier lateral wall is crossing, unloading skirt lateral wall with the contained angle between the gasifier lateral wall is 30 ~ 40.
Further, the included angle between the side wall of the blanking skirt and the side wall of the gasification furnace is 35 degrees.
Further, the gas outlet is arranged on the side wall of the gasification furnace of the annular space part enclosed by the side wall of the blanking skirt and the side wall of the gasification furnace.
The utility model discloses the beneficial effect who reaches does:
1. the DCS centralized control system is adopted in the system, guarantees are provided for a good working environment, labor force is saved, and labor intensity of workers is reduced.
2. The biomass is zero-carbon energy, the main components of the fuel gas gasified by the biomass are carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4) and the like, and because the contents of sulfur and nitrogen in the raw materials are very low, most of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen elements in the wood chips are reserved in the wood chip carbon, and the biomass fuel gas is directly sent into a combustion system to be combusted in a high-temperature state, no waste water and waste liquid are discharged, and no solid waste is discharged in the system, so the environment-friendly performance is better, and the requirements of green, sustainability and circular economy are better met.
3. The biomass gasification fuel has wide adaptability, can be a template, wood chips, forestry processing waste and the like, can be used by simply crushing raw materials, and has low cost for generating steam. Meanwhile, the carbon content of the gasified wood chip carbon is 75-80%, and the gasified wood chip carbon can be used for producing active carbon or machine-made carbon, so that the whole system brings good economic benefit to enterprises.
4. The system adopts the operation mode that one biomass gasification furnace corresponds to one steam boiler, the load is stably operated at 30-100 percent, and the system has the characteristic of flexible load adjustment.
5. The gasifier gas outlet lug connection gas purifier's setting has improved the cleanliness factor and the purity of gas, has guaranteed the safety and stability of follow-up equipment operation.
6. The utility model discloses a biomass gasification stove has synthesized the advantage of conventional updraft type gasifier and downdraft type gasifier, and this gasifier structure has divided into two parts from top to bottom with a tubaeform unloading skirt, and upper portion is the dry storage compartment of raw materials, and the lower part is raw materials pyrolysis, oxidation, reduction reaction's vaporizer. The side wall of the horn-shaped blanking skirt and the outer wall of the gasification furnace form an annular space, a gas outlet is formed in the space, and gas is gathered in the space and is discharged from the gas outlet. In addition, because the space has no material, the fly ash in the material can not be taken away by the fuel gas, so the design greatly reduces the fly ash in the output fuel gas, meanwhile, because the fuel gas does not pass through the storage chamber, the temperature is not lower than 300 ℃, the possibility of low-temperature release of tar components in the mixed fuel gas is reduced, thus the tar can enter the boiler furnace along with the fuel gas to be completely combusted, the equipment failure caused by tar agglomeration and blockage is solved, meanwhile, the heat of the tar is fully utilized, and the heat conversion efficiency of the whole system is improved. In addition, because the storage chamber is full of the raw materials, the resistance that the gas passed through is greater than the resistance of gas outlet, has avoided the gas to pass through the emergence of the outer hourglass condition of feed inlet.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention; in the figure, the arrows represent the material flow direction.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the gasification furnace.
In the figure, 1, a storage bin; 2. a belt conveyor; 3. a scraper slag remover; 4. a gasifier blower; 5. an air supply slag remover; 6. sealing the feeding system; 7. a gasification furnace; 701. a storage chamber; 702. blanking skirt; 703. an air outlet; 704. a gasification chamber; 8. a gas purifier; 9. a gas booster fan; 10. a gas blower; 11. a low-nitrogen burner; 12. a steam boiler; 13. a dust remover; 14. a boiler induced draft fan; 15. and (4) a chimney.
Detailed Description
To facilitate understanding of the present invention for those skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figures 1-2, the utility model provides a be applied to living beings gasification system of charcoal, hot coproduction, this system includes five subsystems, is respectively:
1) centralized control system
The whole biomass gasification system for carbon and heat cogeneration adopts a DCS centralized control mode, other operations except forklift feeding can be completed in a centralized control room, and each main production link is additionally provided with an industrial television.
2) Biomass gasification gas system
Biomass material → bunker 1 → belt conveyer 2 → sealed feeding system 6 → gasification furnace 7 → gas purifier 8 → gas booster fan 9 → low-nitrogen burner 11 → steam boiler 12 → dust remover 13 → boiler induced draft fan 14 → chimney 15
3) Biomass gasification deslagging system
Slag → air supply slag remover 5 → scraper slag remover 3
4) Air supply system of gasification furnace 7
Air → gasifier blower 4 → air supply slag remover 5
5) Air supply system of boiler
Air → gas blower 10 → low nitrogen burner 11.
Specifically, the biomass gasification system has the following structure:
a silo 1 for storing biomass; the lower half of the stock bin 1 is provided with a discharge valve, and the discharge valve divides the stock bin 1 into an upper part and a lower part which are named as a storage part and a discharge part respectively. The storing part is cylindrical and is used for storing biomass; the shape of ejection of compact portion is the horn type, ejection of compact portion is used for guiding living beings to fall on band conveyer 2 and control living beings volume of dropping.
The starting end of the biomass conveying direction of the belt conveyor 2 is arranged right below the outlet of the storage bin 1;
the sealed feeding system 6 is arranged right below the tail end of the belt conveyor 2 in the biomass conveying direction; a rotary valve is arranged in the sealed feeding system 6, and the rotary valve is opened when feeding. The sealed feeding system 6 is used for preventing dust from splashing around during biomass feeding on one hand and ensuring that fuel gas cannot leak in the gasification reaction process on the other hand.
The gasifier 7 is provided with a horn-shaped blanking skirt 702 in the gasifier 7, the blanking skirt 702 divides the gasifier 7 into an upper chamber and a lower chamber which are named as a storage chamber 701 and a gasification chamber 704 respectively, the storage chamber 701 is mainly used for drying raw materials, the gasification chamber 704 is mainly used for pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction reactions of the raw materials, and the top of the storage chamber 701 is connected with an outlet of the sealed feeding system 6. The side wall of the blanking skirt 702 is intersected with the side wall of the gasification furnace 7, and the included angle between the side wall of the blanking skirt 702 and the side wall of the gasification furnace 7 is 30-40 degrees (preferably 35 degrees). When the included angle is within the range, the mixed gas can be discharged from a gas outlet 703 as far as possible, rather than overflowing from the storage chamber 701 to the outside of the gasification furnace 7. The side wall of the top of the gasification chamber 704 is provided with an air outlet 703, and the air outlet 703 is arranged on the side wall of the gasification furnace 7 of the annular space part enclosed by the side wall of the blanking skirt 702 and the side wall of the gasification furnace 7.
Further, the height of the vaporization chamber 704 is 2.2 times the height of the accumulator chamber 701. At this height, the raw materials have sufficient time and space in the gasification chamber 704 to carry out pyrolysis, reduction and oxidation reactions, so as to ensure that the pyrolysis efficiency is stably over 75 percent and far exceeds the prior equipment; meanwhile, the tar can be fully atomized at high temperature, and equipment failure caused by tar agglomeration and blockage can be prevented. The high temperature atomized tar and the fuel gas form mixed fuel gas, and the mixed fuel gas is sent into the steam boiler 12 to be combusted, thereby ensuring the maximum utilization of the fuel and reducing pollution.
The air supply slag remover 5 is arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber 704; a fire grate and a deslagging device are arranged in the air supply deslagging machine 5, an air inlet is arranged on the outer wall of the lower part of the air supply deslagging machine 5, and the air inlet is connected with a gasification furnace blower 4;
the cooling scraper slag remover 3 is arranged at the bottom of the air supply slag remover 5 and is used for receiving biomass carbon discharged from the gasification furnace 7;
the gas purifier 8 is provided with filler inside, an inlet of the gas purifier 8 is connected with the gas outlet 703, and an outlet of the gas purifier 8 is connected with an inlet of the gas booster fan 9 through a pipeline;
the inlet of the low-nitrogen combustor 11 is connected with the outlet of the gas booster fan 9; an air inlet is arranged below the low-nitrogen combustor 11 and is connected with a gas blower 10;
a steam boiler 12, wherein the steam boiler 12 is connected with the outlet of the low-nitrogen burner 11; the top of the steam boiler 12 is provided with a steam outlet, and the steam outlet is connected with heat utilization equipment; the tail part of the steam boiler 12 is provided with a flue gas outlet which is connected with an inlet of a dust remover 13 through a flue; the outlet of the dust remover 13 is connected with a boiler induced draft fan 14 through a flue, and the other end of the boiler induced draft fan 14 is connected with a chimney 15 through a flue.
The biomass gasification furnace 7 adopts a cross flow working mode, the upper material storage chamber 701 adopts a gas-solid concurrent flow mode, and the lower gasification chamber 704 adopts a gas-solid countercurrent flow mode.
A biomass gasification process applied to carbon and heat cogeneration comprises the following steps:
1) broken biomass materials (such as straws and wood chips) are poured into a storage bin 1 by a forklift, fall onto a belt conveyor 2 through a discharge port at the lower part of the storage bin 1, enter a sealed feeding system 6 through the belt conveyor 2, and fall into a storage chamber 701 of a gasification furnace 7 by means of self gravity through controlling feeding by opening and closing a rotary valve at the middle part of the sealed feeding system 6;
2) the biomass crushed material entering the material storage chamber 701 is dried at 100-150 ℃ to discharge water, and then enters the gasification chamber 704;
3) the biomass crushed material entering the gasification chamber 704 firstly passes through a cracking zone at 450-500 ℃ to generate combustible gas and tar, and then passes through a reduction zone at 600-800 ℃ and an oxidation zone at 800-1000 ℃ to completely gasify the tar and form mixed gas with gas; the biomass charcoal generated by the biomass crushed material after combustion falls to the bottom of the gasification furnace 7, is discharged from the side surface of the bottom of the gasification furnace 7 through the rotation of the fire grate, falls into the scraper slag remover 3 and is discharged out of the furnace body; the scraper slag remover 3 is filled with water to play a role in sealing and cooling;
4) the mixed gas enters a gas purifier 8 through a gas outlet 703 in the middle of the gasification furnace 7, and the gas purifier 8 purifies the fly ash and the uncracked tar of the gas; after being purified, the mixed fuel gas is conveyed to a low-nitrogen combustor 11 through a pipeline by a fuel gas booster fan 9, enters a hearth of a steam boiler 12 to be completely combusted under the action of a fuel gas blower 10, and steam generated by the steam boiler 12 is conveyed to steam consumption equipment for use through a pipeline;
5) the hot flue gas generated after complete combustion firstly enters a dust remover 13 to remove fly ash, and then is introduced into a chimney 15 under the action of a boiler induced draft fan 14 to be discharged.
Further, in order to ensure that the tar is in a gaseous state and enters the steam boiler 12 together with the fuel gas to be combusted, the temperature of the mixed fuel gas formed by the fuel gas and the gaseous tar at the gas outlet 703 is not lower than 300 ℃.
Further, in order to ensure sufficient gasification of biomass, the amount of oxygen entering the gasifier 7 through the gasifier blower 4 is 20-30% of the total oxygen required for complete combustion of biomass.
Furthermore, the operation mode that one biomass gasification furnace 7 corresponds to one steam boiler 12 is adopted, the load is 30-100% stably operated, and the method has the characteristic of flexible load adjustment.
Wherein, the composition of gas mixture is: 30-35% of CO, 7-10% of H2, 5-8% of CO2, 2-5% of CH4, 0.2-0.8% of C2H4, 0.1-1% of O2, 40-50% of N2 and 5-10% of H2O.
The above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A biomass gasification system applied to carbon and heat cogeneration is characterized by comprising:
a silo (1) for storing biomass;
the starting end of the biomass conveying direction of the belt conveyor (2) is arranged right below the outlet of the storage bin (1);
the sealed feeding system (6) is arranged right below the tail end of the belt conveyor (2) in the biomass conveying direction;
the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace (7), wherein a horn-shaped blanking skirt (702) is arranged in the gasification furnace (7), and the gasification furnace (7) is divided into an upper bin and a lower bin by the blanking skirt (702), which are respectively named as a storage chamber (701) and a gasification chamber (704); the top of the storage chamber (701) is connected with an outlet of the sealed feeding system (6); the side wall of the top of the gasification chamber (704) is provided with an air outlet (703), and the height of the gasification chamber (704) is 2.2 times of the height of the storage chamber (701);
the air supply slag remover (5) is arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber (704); a fire grate and a deslagging device are arranged in the air supply deslagging machine (5), an air inlet is formed in the outer wall of the lower portion of the air supply deslagging machine (5), and the air inlet is connected with a gasification furnace air blower (4);
the cooling scraper slag remover (3) is arranged at the bottom of the air supply slag remover (5) and is used for receiving biomass carbon discharged from the gasification furnace (7);
the gas purifier (8) is internally provided with filler, an inlet of the gas purifier (8) is connected with the gas outlet (703), and an outlet of the gas purifier (8) is connected with an inlet of the gas booster fan (9) through a pipeline;
the inlet of the low-nitrogen combustor (11) is connected with the outlet of the gas booster fan (9); an air inlet is formed below the low-nitrogen combustor (11) and is connected with a gas blower (10);
a steam boiler (12), wherein the steam boiler (12) is connected with the outlet of the low-nitrogen combustor (11); the top of the steam boiler (12) is provided with a steam outlet which is connected with a heat utilization device; the tail part of the steam boiler (12) is provided with a flue gas outlet;
the dust remover (13), the said dust remover (13) is connected with said flue gas outlet; an outlet of the dust remover (13) is connected with an inlet of a boiler induced draft fan (14) through a flue;
the chimney (15), chimney (15) pass through the flue and the exit linkage of boiler draught fan (14).
2. The biomass gasification system applied to the combined production of carbon and heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lower half of the stock bin (1) is provided with a discharge valve, and the discharge valve divides the stock bin (1) into an upper part and a lower part which are named as a storage part and a discharge part respectively.
3. The biomass gasification system applied to the combined production of carbon and heat as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the shape of storage portion is the cylinder type, the shape of ejection of compact portion is the loudspeaker type.
4. The biomass gasification system applied to the combined production of carbon and heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lateral wall of unloading skirt (702) with gasifier (7) lateral wall is crossing, unloading skirt (702) lateral wall with the contained angle between gasifier (7) lateral wall is 30 ~ 40.
5. The biomass gasification system applied to the combined production of carbon and heat as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the included angle between the side wall of the blanking skirt (702) and the side wall of the gasification furnace (7) is 35 degrees.
6. The biomass gasification system applied to the combined production of carbon and heat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the air outlet (703) is arranged on the side wall of the gasification furnace (7) of the annular space part enclosed by the side wall of the blanking skirt (702) and the side wall of the gasification furnace (7).
CN202220973225.5U 2022-04-25 2022-04-25 Biomass gasification system applied to carbon and heat co-production Active CN217173630U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116478732A (en) * 2023-05-06 2023-07-25 中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心 Reaction device for solar-driven coal gasification

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116478732A (en) * 2023-05-06 2023-07-25 中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心 Reaction device for solar-driven coal gasification

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