DE2360769A1 - BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS - Google Patents

Description

L-LS 2 DT 3.12.73 / Ke / Ik

Charles summer

78 - Coignieres par Ie Mesnil (France)

Building constructions

The invention relates to a method for creating a Building construction or a part thereof, also as industrial Products in a manufacturing facility or on one Semi-finished products manufactured on site and suitable for carrying out the process, as well as those manufactured according to the process Constructions.

The invention is based on the object constructions to produce wholly or partly with a light specific weight that insulate thermally and acoustically and are more homogeneous Represent block, are also weather, fire, impact and crack resistant, self-supporting or load-bearing and are low Cause manufacturing costs.

The object is achieved according to the invention in that on

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The/
to be glued ^

Place of installation or semi-finished elements such as panels, cassettes, wall elements in modular form, scaffolding elements, etc. are prepared by gluing together several panels of all possible shapes and dimensions made of insulating material and on at least one of the surfaces of the parts manufactured in this way a metallic reinforcement is glued in such a way that it at least partially protrudes or protrudes, then the semi-finished elements obtained in this way are put together in their final positions by connecting the metallic reinforcements of the abutting elements to one another to form a continuous surface reinforcement, then onto said reinforcements of at least one of the surfaces a hardening material - for example a mortar based on a hydraulic binder - is sprayed in the form of a dense grout that floods the reinforcements and thus creates a raonolitic covering with continuous reinforcement t will.
The / plates can also be flexible, ie mats.

after the invention
The method achieves a "wall or a construction which has all the advantages of a reinforced monolithic wall and which is also equipped with remarkable thermal and acoustic insulation properties, a product which is used as an intermediate material (semi-finished) which is very light and inexpensive in terms of weight , easy to edit to the desired shapes and dimensions, easy to use and easy to assemble.

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leaves, building structures or parts thereof with upscale Realize quality and low prices.

In particular, the method allows existing buildings in a particularly efficient and inexpensive way by simple Attaching an insulating Konoblockwa.nd ar. the outer facade to.isolate. This possibility is all the more interesting than one today about the disadvantages of internal isolation and the difficulties of a sensible external Isolation is clear.

In this application you can use the half-finished, -r. with a ' Attach one-sided metallic reinforcement clad elements to the outer wall of the building, then the outer ones Connect the reinforcements of the elements with each other and spray them with a dense outer grout, Zs can Eler also reinforced on both sides should be used, where the inward facing surface of the elements is for

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Attachment of the same to the building by means of a continuous or interrupted grout.

The invention also relates to the following arrangements:

a) Las insulating material is preferably expanded synthetic resin compound.

A material based on the Br.sis of Glass fiber, expanded glass spheres, asbestos, vermiculite or perlite, or expanded clay or a composite

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Material based on expanded synthetic resin and a expanded or unexpanded additive (glass fiber, expanded Glass balls, etc.,}.

The different. Flatten can be εονο-hl au, " äen same v: ie also from different Kat.crialien zuarrrrer.gsoetzt." phenol-containing sc "- av ~ r.asccn) are used," at least one of the plates forming the insulating material can be a layer of air, v / as provided by cross-connections or strips between two plates of solid insulating material can,

t ¹ ) The plates made of i.Tolierendem material have a thickness of about 10 to 25 nm.

c) One embosses on at least those flat surfaces that are mutually are facing, weapon! pattern of koirplensnfirer shape, soft interlock when gluing the mats.

d) On the end faces of the semi-finished element, in particular on the rr.with a reinforcement is a waffle pattern embossed.

e) The metallic reinforcements consist of latticework with Preferred rectangular surfaces and wire thicknesses of approximately 1 to 3 n-.rr :.

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f) For the mutual gluing of the plates as well as for the The metal reinforcements are fastened to synthetic resins adhesive mineral mortar used, creating a high-quality product is educated --hins loht borrowed more acoustic Isolation at certain wavelengths, mechanical strength

g) The outer metallic reinforcement is corrugated in such a way that that Vellentelis glued to the surface of the material and clearly The only parts of the valve that are glued are there.

h) Kan thereby achieves a better end coating of the reinforcement and an increase in the thickness in which the reinforcement works.

i) To increase the definitive mechanical properties, can several layers of metal reinforcement be used either in the manufacturing facility or on the construction site? on top of each other be stored.

j) To increase the buckling strength and buckling strength, the reinforcements on both sides of an element have been made with one another connected by retaining pins which, in order to reduce the '. ·; poor line preferably made of plastic.

k) The metallic Reinforcements locally by means of suitable fasteners Vers "Därkungsarmie-runge-n added, which are then flooded in the Encbewurf.

1} Scaffolding elements in the form of girders, beams or various.

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Cer.en profiles are prepared by gluing several plates of insulating material to one another to form a core with the desired profile, on the surface of which a round reinforcement is attached.

rr.) Certain GerU.steler.ente are made in the form of a hollow body and form a permanent formwork for concrete to be cast, possibly reinforced concrete.

n) Certain elements are designed in the form of hollow bodies for the implementation of sewer systems.

According to the invention, ₅ .1ε new industrial products are the

^ semi-finished construction element ^ ^ which are characterized by the fact that they consist of several plates - of all possible shapes and dimensions - of insulating material, which are glued together, and on at least one surface a metallic reinforcement fixed by glueing, which partially lifted surmounted ocer the material and darit rr.it the reinforcements an abutting You -.- ■? may vreräen connected nth order a continuous Arrriie- rr.z forming.

The above-mentioned semi-finished elements advantageously have all or only some of the above arrangements a) to n).

In particular, the invention encompasses - not necessarily flat - panels formed walls learn nte nr-ch obi.cer

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Description and scaffolding: r; duck, consisting of a The core is made of expanded plastic and is surrounded by an on- ' glued, partially raised or protruding reinforcement, whereby the core can be hollow and thus for the reception of additional reinforcement, concrete and sewer systems is.

It is well within the scope of the invention if in the Production site is thrown at one side and the continuous connection of the reinforcements of the free areas only on the construction site is being carried out. With certain "projects they nag the quality achieved in this way is sufficient. In other cases it can prove necessary.

Indeed, with the half-finished, inventive material the prefabrication of sub-units are provided in the manufacturing facility., z, 3. of vchnssllen which Have basins, floors and outside edges. Ss can see dam prove to be interesting, give the parts the desired rigidity by pelting the inner surfaces in the factory. The cells are then brought to the construction site, erected and connected the outer reinforcements, whereupon the outer grout takes place.

Likewise, non-load-bearing people in the manufacturing facility know Construction parts are prefabricated with grouting on both sides, these parts only need to be set up on the construction site.

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The invention also encompasses constructions made thereby are marked that "ie from a shell with one from glued together Kuristiiarzpi-tten existing soul formed are, with the soul on both sides with one, stiff, continuous and rronoli table dumbbell, in which a continuous reinforcement is also embedded.

Preferably at least certain scaffolding elements are the same Kind of like the said bowl.

The construction can be carried out in the most varied of forms, for example by assembling triangular prismatic elements or cast cylindrical or three-dimensional elements.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are simplified in the drawing shown.

Show it:

? ig. i A sectional view from which the process and the Product is visible.

Fig. 2 A perspective view of a building structure.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a semi-finished element.

Fig. 4 is a detailed view of an array connection of two Elements according to Fig. 3.

5 to 14 individual views in section, from which design variants from scaffolding ducks can be seen.

Fig. 15 A perspective view of a half-finished egg duck.

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Pig.l6 Sine perspective partial view of a variant of the reinforced curses of a semi-finished Product.

Fig. 17, lS, 19 perspective partial views of plates, the surface of which is provided with a complementary weapon pattern is.

Fig. 20 A perspective view with a partial breakout a crouching part with external insulation.

According to Fig.l, the inventive method consists in Prepare semi-finished elements by gluing the panels 1 together (at the place of consumption or preferably in a factory). The plates 1 consist of expanded plastic foam (polyurethane, polystyrene, phenolic foam or any other suitable insulating material), have suitable Shapes and dimensions based on and are preferred with one adhering to synthetic resins. Mortar stuck together. Afterward a metallic reinforcement 4 is attached to the or an outer surface of the glued product, vorsuys-7.-3ise with a special mortar 5. The fastening is done such that the reinforcement 4 partially protrudes from the material as in Fig. 1 or the same as in 7 ir. is posed.

After this operation, the assembled ones will be semi-finished Elements - which panels, boxes, vaulted parts, modular "v -. 'and elements or scaffolding elements" know ~ in their place

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development in the construction and the reinforcements of the neighboring elements become one continuous Reinforcement connected. This can be done, for example, with cold pencils or clasps or as shown in Figo and 4 by bending over the laterally protruding parts of the neighboring metallic reinforcements.

Then a mortar - on the basis of hydraulic binding agent - (or some other hardening mortar) is applied to the reinforcements Material), which creates a dense grouting β that covers the reinforcements and a non-political coating is produced with continuous reinforcement.

A construction example according to the invention is shown in FIG shown. In there are the half-finished elements on the one hand flat flats, which are placed side by side, end to end and at an angle to each other, and on the other hand shell elements in the form of cylinder sections with half-elli-psenförrr-igeni transverse

The plates and cylinder sections are side by side and on top of each other arranged, and their reinforcements are connected to one another over the entire length of the contact edges. There will then be all visible surfaces of the semi-finished elements covered by spraying with a dense mortar.

The construction is formed by a bowl-shaped, mono-

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litic whole with double walls and double continuous Reinforcement.

A very high strength of the construction is achieved, which is easy, simple and cheap to carry out and with despite the relatively thin wall thickness and light weight one high quality thermal insulation is achieved.

For example, the total thickness of a wall can geir.äss Fig.l be about 10 to 12 cm, of which 4 to 6 cm are the Schaunplatten -to fall. The weight of a square meter is in the order of magnitude that of a 4 to 6 cm thick concrete shell ', thus very low.

The foam sheets glued together preferably have a thickness of 10 to 25 mm.

The way in which the slement cores are manufactured is advantageous by gluing foam sheets and attaching light ones ir.etaliischen reinforcements: It grants the elements to the Handling, transport and erection required rigidity, even without the significant external grout.

However, it is important that the reinforcements are in front. Lift off the material or project over the same _{y in} order to implement a continuous reinforcement using suitable means when setting up the elements kit, or to reinforce the former locally by means of additional reinforcements, as well as to reinforce the end plaster.

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If the bonding Rait special mortars completed (adhered on synthetic resins), so with respect to certain wavelengths may be a better sound insulation will ersielt than irit a single plate would be correspondingly strong AEV case.

In addition, the impact resistance is increased and that of heavy The risk of cracks in the final grout resulting from blows is increased by Reduced crack resistance.

As a mortar adhering to synthetic resins, well-known mortars such as sugar-containing plasters (especially for interior constructions) can be used. or cement mortars such as that known under the brand name DRESCEL.

However, even if special mortars are preferred do not leave the scope of the invention if other binders are used to glue the synthetic resin panels; Likewise, the fastening of the reinforcements could also be purely mechanical.

The reinforcements can easily be, for example a metal lattice work, preferably with rectangular meshes and iron cross-sections of about 1 MNT o r more. It is advantageous to use a latticework for panel production, the wires of which form a loop 7 at the side as shown in FIG. These loops J are arranged in such a way that they protrude laterally beyond the core 8 of the plate, with the result that two plates butt against one another

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by simply inserting and turning over one of the loops 7 are connected as shown in Fig. 4 ..

The latticework used preferably has a closed structure Meshes on.

As shown in Fig.l6, a wavy or deformed Find lattice facing, which only touches the surface of the artificial foam in points or zones! «; rries pushed on is. This has the advantage that the sheathing is more effective .is and the grille its reinforcement effect on a larger one Mortar strength exerts, which increases the strength of the whole.

For the same purpose, the invention provides several superimposed Latticework in front. In this variant, which is not shown in the drawing, the grids are preferably connected to one another connected by retaining pins or the like. The superimposition the latticework can be done in the factory or on the construction site. One connects with it the advantages of the double sandwich tray with the remarkable Strength of thin, tightly reinforced concrete shells.

In this case, as shown in Fig the wall 30 semi-finished elements 31 according to the invention attached..These elements can, for example, by means of vcrtelklötzen 33 be attached and a reinforcement 32 only the outside surface. Reinforcements of secondary elements

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are connected to each other and according to the procedure described covered with the grout 3 ^.

As a variant, a grout can be applied to the chewer to be disguised, on which the half-finished and on both sides reinforced elements are attached in such a way that the Wall facing reinforcement penetrates into the fresh grout, and then the exposed areas are pelted after the outer reinforcements of the neighboring elements with each other were connected.

The continuous connection of the reinforcements is crucial Significance, as this avoids cracking in the grout and the same an internal network and a monoIitische Structure is secured.

In addition, the external insulation of structures compared to the internal insulation for reasons of thermal and of condensation protection is increasing in technical interest

Because the double-sided continuous reinforcement of the elements is separated is produced, there is no heat conduction at the connection points of the elements.

The method according to the invention for producing entire walls is used applied, as for example in the complete construction shown in Fig. 2, it is advantageous on both sides

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of the semi-finished product to provide reinforcement? moreover it can see certain elements prove necessary at least locally to be reinforced or to be supported by a network-like structure.

Various arrangements are provided for this purpose:

a) The connection between the reinforcements on both sides by holding pins or the like, which the lar.ellenartig Cross insulating material and preferably made of plastic to prevent heat conduction as much as possible. These Arrangement increases the buckling strength of the elements and prevents their surfaces from buckling.

b) When installing the elements, the addition of framework elements according to the inventive method, as shown in Figure 5 to Ik. In Figure 5, two abutting elements are shown with 11 and 12. Two similar strips 13 and 14 are attached to their junction. To create a continuous reinforcement, the reinforcements of the elements 11 and 12 and those of the elements 13 and 14 are connected, for example by means of strips of latticework. Then the whole thing is thrown at 15-16.

A filler rod with a rectangular cross section is thus obtained without having interrupted the continuity of the insulation.

In the case of Fig.6 is at the junction of the elements

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11 and 12 a kind of U-profile - according to the inventive method manufactured - attached. Iron bars 17 are arranged inside the U and its outer reinforcement is with those of elements 11 and 12 connected. After the pelting in 15 and 16, concrete is eaten into the inside of the U-profile, which with it is reinforced by the iron rods 17.

With that, a reinforced concrete grid became one uninterrupted Integrated construction with insulation.

'In the example of Figure 7, a support or a beam is created by sheathing a laminated foam core 19, which is surrounded by a metallic reinforcement 20. Additional Iron bars 21 are connected to the reinforcement 20 and protrude from the element for the purpose of external connection.

In this case it can be advantageous to produce the grout 22 in two operations; a first thin cast to increase the inherent strength of the semi-finished element 19-20 for the purpose of simplified handling and installation as well as the final project only after the iron rods 21 have been connected the other construction elements.

In the example of Figure 8, an element 24 with a U-shaped Cross-section executed. Such an element can serve as a cover for sewer systems 25. This is done by forming a hollow body by means of two U's facing each other.

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The U can also be used as a side-by-side arrangement Find ceiling element use.

Fig. 9 shows that the designs can be of different shapes: A channel-shaped element enables production of pillars and of cylindrical reinforcements with round or semicircular cross-section.

In Fig.10 a variant of the embodiment in Fig.5 is shown. This can be used for ceiling or roof construction. The 'reinforcements 25 are provided with a second latticework 26 and pre-reinforcement reinforcements 27 duplicated.

A grid element with a T-cross section according to Fig.Il can be used as Filling beams, serve as a connection to a partition wall or as a ceiling or roof support.

12, 13 and 14 show embodiments in which .jegliche Heat conduction at the corners of the structure is avoided by attaching corner pieces 28 made of expanded synthetic resin. Over these corners wire latticework and with the reinforcements the plates II and 12 are positively connected.

The corner pieces 28 can be square or rectangular in cross-section be with rounded or angular corners. Their dimensions may contribute to a building block-like use of the semi-finished panels 11 and 12.

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Because the semi-finished elements are made by gluing panels together, they can be of various shapes given - as with plywood - so above all developable Surface shapes with any surface line.

After these lines of thought, the embodiment according to Fig. 15 is of great importance. The shape is that of a cylindrical surface section with a semi-elliptical or analogous one (for example basket arch-shaped) cross-section. The size Elliptical axis can have a length of about 2 to 5 m, the small half-axis is about 0.8 to 1 m. The width of the section, according to the generatrix, is advantageous 0.6 m to allow easy connection of the reinforcements of the ceiling sections (see Fig. 2). The width can be larger, for example 1.2 m for those elements that are upright.

Such an element can be used as the basis for the manufacture of structures described in French patent specification 7024768 to serve.

From FIGS. 17 to 19 it can be seen that two plates la and 2a made of expanded synthetic resin forming the half-finished product according to the invention have a waffle pattern of complementary shape on the mutually facing surfaces 3a and ha. with your they (in Fig. 19) interlock.

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The waffle pattern shape can of course be various. In the present example in the area la, a grid is stamped from a square mesh, 3 ^a protruding vrobei excessive coupling with a square base, whereas in the surface 2a of a patch-like pattern 4a is imprinted with • an equal basis and a square mesh is excessive 6a with rounded shapes . The corresponding grid 5a is in Fig.17 in the recess.

A setting of triangular, rectangular, round or hexagonal elements has the same effect, namely the connection

y from side slides
avoiding plates la and 2a when gluing with in between

attached adhesive. . .

The embossing is produced by any suitable means, in particular by smoothing.

In Fig.19 is a half-finished, from the three plates la, 2a and Figure 7a shows manufactured product.

According to the invention, it is advantageous to also provide at least one of the end faces 8a and 9 & with a pattern, in particular that which is provided for receiving any reinforcements.

Except for the advantages of lateral stability during production and better adhesion of the panels is also

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which also improves the sound-absorbing capacity through the pattern embossing. Apparently this is due to the mechanical Characteristic changes in the material caused by the embossing process.

Except for the advantages of the process according to the invention and of the product manufactured with it should be mentioned the simplicity with which the semi-finished product is Sections of the desired dimensions can be cut.

In fact, it can simply be cut up with the grinding wheel or the saw, whatever the job on site can be mastered. This means that not only scaffolding elements can be carried out as described, but also each Oeffmingen., doors or windows cut out as required

v ^ with openings will. It is therefore unnecessary to provide special elements " which is considered very important. In addition, both facades and partition walls of completely different appearance and without modular cross-section reduction getting produced.

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Claims (26)

Claims f! ./ Procedure for creating a building structure or a part thereof, characterized in that semi-finished elements at the installation site or at the manufacturing site such as panels, cassettes, wall elements in modular form, Scaffolding elements and the like are prepared by placing several plates; (l) of all possible shapes and dimensions are glued from insulating material and at least one of the surfaces of the parts manufactured in this way a metallic Reinforcement (4) is glued in such a way that it protrudes or protrudes at least partially, then the semi-finished thus obtained Elements put together in their final positions by the metallic reinforcements (4) of the abutting Elements together to form a continuous surface reinforcement are connected, then on the said reinforcements (4) of at least one of the surfaces a hardening material - e.g. a mortar (5) based on a hydraulic binder - The spraying is in the form of a dense bevel (6) that floods the reinforcements (4) and is thus monolithic Enclosure is generated with continuous reinforcement. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that semi-finished elements are attached to the outer wall of a building and fastened, which are reinforced at least on their outer surface, then the metallic ones 409829/0656 BATH ORIGINAL · ' Reinforcements (4) of the abutting elements are connected to one another to form a continuous surface reinforcement, whereupon on the reinforcements (4) a dense, the reinforcements flooding grout (6) is sprayed and a monolithic envelope is produced with continuous reinforcement. 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that an insulating material made on the basis of expanded synthetic resin foam is used will. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual plates (l) made of insulating Material are about 10 to 25 mm thick. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the free element surfaces has a plurality of reinforcements (4) arranged one above the other and connected to one another. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to increase the buckling and buckling resistance the reinforcements (4) of two opposing element surfaces are connected to each other by means of retaining pins, which are preferably made for the purpose of reducing heat conduction Made of plastic. 409829/0656 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that on the metallic reinforcements (4) locally by means of suitable connecting means reinforcing reinforcements attached, which are then covered in the last grout (6). 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that one prepares scaffolding elements in the form of beams or different types of profiles by among each other several plates) of the insulating material are glued together to form a core with the desired profile the surface of which a metallic reinforcement (4) is attached. 9- The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that certain framework elements are in the form of a hollow body be carried out and a permanent formwork for too · Form pouring concrete, possibly reinforced concrete. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that certain elements in hollow body form for the implementation of sewer systems are carried out. 11. Semi-finished elements for building structures, characterized in that that they consist of several plates (1) of all possible shapes and dimensions made of insulating material, which are glued together and on at least one 409829/065 6 Surface have a metallic reinforcement (4) fastened by adhesive bonding, which is partially lifted off or the material towers above and can thus be connected to the reinforcements (4) of an abutting element, so that a continuous Forming reinforcement. 12. Element according to claim 11, characterized in that in .at least the surfaces to be glued together Flatten (1) a waffle pattern of complementary shape is embossed, which interlocks when the panels (l) are glued together. Γ5. Element according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the outer end surfaces of the semi-finished element, in particular those which carry metallic reinforcements (4) _; MittelΠδΐη wkitöelmuster are provided. 14. Element according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that that the plates (1) of insulating material are based on expanded synthetic resin foam, Ip. Element according to one of Claims 11 to 14, characterized in that that the plates (1) made of insulating material have a thickness of about 10 to 25 mm. l6. Element according to one of Claims 11 to I5, characterized in that that the different plates (1) made of insulating material are made of different materials. £ 09829/0656 17. .Elemente according to one of claims 11 to l6, characterized characterized in that the metallic reinforcements (4) made of latticework with wire thicknesses of about 1 to 3 mm and preferably right-angled meshes. 18. Elements according to one of claims 11 to 17 , characterized in that the outer metallic reinforcement (^) is corrugated in such a way that Vellent'eile glued to the material surface as well as clearly unglued wave parts exist. 19. Elements according to one of claims 11 to l8, characterized in that that for the gluing of the panels (l) to each other as well as for the attachment of the metallic reinforcements (4) a mineral that adheres to insulating materials Mortar (5) such as that used commercially under the make DRSSCEL. 20. Elements according to one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that that several layers of reinforcements (4) are arranged one above the other and connected to one another on at least one of the surfaces. 21. Semi-finished scaffolding elements - made of beams, posts or shaped different types of profiles - according to any one of claims 11 to 20, characterized in that they consist of a core of the desired profile, which is formed from plates (l) made of insulating material that are glued together, 409829/0656 and a metallic reinforcement (4) is attached to its surface in such a way that it is at least partially lifted off is or protrudes beyond the core. 22. Elements according to claim 21, characterized in that they have reinforcement reinforcements. 2Y. Semi-finished elements according to one of Claims 11 to 20, characterized in that they are in the form of flat, rectangular, prefabricated panels. 24. Semi-finished elements according to any one of claims 11 to 20, characterized in that they have the shape of a cylindrical Have surface section, the cross-section of which is semi-elliptical, is preferably in the shape of a basket arch. 25. Constructions and partial constructions, characterized in that that it is formed from a shell with a core (8) consisting of glued together synthetic resin plates (1) with, are, with the soul (8) on both sides of a rigid, continuous and monolithic coat is surrounded, in which a continuous reinforcement is also embedded. 26. Constructions and partial constructions according to claim 25, characterized in that the shell casing on both sides is formed from a mortar (5) on the basis of a hydraulic binder. 409829 / 065S