DE202022101589U1 - Vehicle with a front end module, with at least one rear end module and with at least one transport module - Google Patents

Abstract

Vehicle (10) with a front-end module (2), with at least one rear-end module (4) and with at least one transport module (5) that can be connected to and decoupled from the front-end module (2) and/or rear-end module (4) for picking up people and/or or cargo (14), wherein a control device (25) for controlling vehicle functions is provided in the front vehicle module (2) or in the rear vehicle module (4) and the transport module (5) has a lifting and lowering device (6) between a loading position ( 8) and a transport position (9) has a loading surface (13) that can be raised and lowered for the transport of people and/or cargo (14), the loading surface (13) in the loading position (8) reaching down to the road surface, in particular at ground level can be lowered to accommodate or unload the persons and/or the load (14).

Description

The invention relates to a vehicle with a front-end module, with at least one rear-end module and with at least one transport module, which can be connected to and decoupled from the front-end module and/or rear-end module, for accommodating people and/or cargo according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention also relates to a container for a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 24.

Inner-city mobility is at the beginning of a fundamental process of change and needs to be rethought. In addition to private individual transport, this also affects commercial transport. Increasing freight volumes require intermodal, sustainable routes and solutions.

For this reason, the market demands vehicles that are easy to operate and sustainable, which can be configured with just a few modules according to individual requirements and which significantly simplify the transport of people or cargo.

According to the state of the art DE 1 802 148 A1 is a low-loader vehicle for the road transport of plate-shaped loads, in particular concrete slabs, which can be supported directly or indirectly against the chassis frame in the loading space of the vehicle in a vertical or slightly inclined position.

From the EP 763 445 B1 discloses a transport vehicle with a chassis supported against the ground by a running gear and with a lifting device.

the DE 1 842 212 U relates to a vehicle with a height-adjustable loading area that can be lowered between the side rails of a U-shaped frame, the wheels being fastened to the side rails without a continuous axle.

From the DE 2 845 441 A1 a bus with a lowerable passenger compartment is known, the floor and the roof/wall part of which is supported by a vehicle frame resting on the axle(s).

the DE 3 337 764 A1 relates to a distribution vehicle with a body, a driver's cab and a vertically movable loading platform.

In the DE 10 2017 005 699 B3 describes a transport bike with a frame and at least three wheels, the transport bike having a loading area and the transport bike providing two spaced-apart side supports transverse to the direction of travel, which laterally delimit a loading space with an entry opening as loading area and between them the loading space with an entry opening train for the introduction of a transport box.

the DE 10 2018 208 665 A1 relates to a modular light motor vehicle.

From the DE 10 2019 103 863 A1 a vehicle construction is known, with at least one vehicle axle support structure, which forms a vehicle chassis module and has a vehicle axle. The vehicle axle support structure has at least two front connection nodes and at least two rear connection nodes.

the DE 10 2019 132 142 A1 relates to a vehicle with a vehicle door designed as a ramp, which comprises a multi-part kinematic system which is mounted on one side of the vehicle and the parts of which can be pivoted vertically or extended telescopically.

Furthermore, it is generally known that the loading height of vehicles during loading and unloading is overcome with the help of on-board lifting equipment such as a tail lift or loading crane. Also known are set-down systems mounted on the vehicle, in which the load is picked up via an auxiliary frame and set down behind the vehicle.

Furthermore, stationary loading ramps or height-adjustable dock levellers are known, or ramps which are pivotably attached to the vehicle and produce a mechanical connection between the road surface and the loading area.

Forklifts or hoists are also used to load and unload vehicles.

A disadvantage of these devices is the great technical complexity for loading and unloading and the associated large amount of time required for operation or the complicated handling and the large space required when using the devices. Furthermore, no barrier-free access is guaranteed, for example for the transport of people or for loading and unloading cargo in containers.

In addition, large loading ramps to be built in inner-city areas should be avoided for reasons of space and for ergonomic and economic reasons.

The object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and to create a maneuverable vehicle for inner-city areas, which has a loading platform that can be lowered to the road surface for barrier-free transport of people or goods, in order to enable quick, uncomplicated loading and transport without additional ramps. Furthermore, the vehicle should have a modular structure for individual requirements.

This object is achieved with a vehicle with a front-end module, with at least one rear-end module and with at least one transport module that can be coupled and coupled to the front-end module and/or rear-end module for picking up people and/or cargo according to claim 1. Advantageous refinements can be found in the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a vehicle with a front-end module, with at least one rear-end module and with at least one transport module that can be coupled and coupled to the front-end module and/or rear-end module for accommodating people and/or cargo.

In other words, the invention relates to a modular commercial vehicle - containing goods and passenger traffic - for inner-city use.

According to the invention, a control device for controlling vehicle functions is provided in the front end module or in the rear end module. For example, the vehicle can be controlled by an operator using the control device. However, autonomous driving in which there is no driver or operator in the vehicle while driving is also conceivable. Furthermore, the control device can query safety-related sensors, such as load securing elements or trailer detection. Functions of the transport modules can also be controlled.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the transport module has a loading area that can be raised and lowered by means of a lifting and lowering device between a loading position and a transport position for the transport of people and/or the load, wherein the loading area can be lowered to the road surface, in particular to ground level, in the loading position to pick up or unload people and/or cargo.

In this way, easy loading and unloading of people or cargo is possible. In particular, the loading area can be lowered to the ground without barriers in order to allow goods or people to be loaded without additional ramps and a loading crane, a hoist, a tail lift or dock levellers.

For example, this ensures that rollable containers can be loaded quickly and at ground level without additional aids.

The transport module is preferably designed for the transport of goods and can accommodate most common transport containers. The transport module is designed in such a way that a wide variety of common containers can be loaded, secured and transported. Examples include Euro pallets with general cargo, roll-up lattice trolleys from the food retail trade, thermal containers and lattice boxes.

The transport module can be designed for use with two containers, for example. In addition to preferably two containers - use is also possible with just one container - at least one equipped Euro pallet or other logistics container for picking up goods can also be transported.

The transport module automatically secures standard containers and transport containers with Euro pallet feet - without additional lashing equipment.

Thanks to the transport module, which can be lowered to floor level, all goods can be pushed onto the loading area or unloaded without barriers. Either with existing rollers on the containers or e.g. with an industrial truck (pallet truck, forklift).

If necessary, a load with non-standard dimensions can be professionally secured with additional elements provided for transport security (e.g. lashing rails/airline rails and clamping devices).

The transport module can preferably be loaded on both sides on the longitudinal sides.

The vehicle according to the invention thus provides an innovative, modular solution for the needs of modern, intermodal, urban commercial transport for freight and passenger transport. In other words, the vehicle concept closes the gap between transporter logistics ("sprinter class") and cargo bike logistics.

The philosophy behind the vehicle design follows the “Reduce to the Max” approach, ie absolute focus on the necessary application requirements with efficient, low-maintenance implementation with as few individual components as possible. In this way, a few standard modules are used - front end module, rear end module and transport module - a large variability of use.

According to a first advantageous embodiment of the invention, the loading area is arranged on a loading unit, which is arranged such that it can be raised and lowered relative to a stationary or rigid part of the transport module.

In other words, the loading unit with loading area is moved up and down, while the stationary part of the transport module is not moved. For example, a frame with a loading surface (loading unit) inserted into the transport module can be designed such that it can be raised or lowered relative to the transport module. In this case, the height of the entire transport module would not be adjusted and would therefore remain stationary with respect to the front-end and rear-end modules during the adjustment. The electrical and mechanical connections between the modules would then be less stressed.

However, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is also conceivable for the transport module to have so-called joining flanges for coupling to and decoupling from the front-end module and/or the rear-end module, with these joining flanges being stationary when the modules are installed when the loading unit with loading area is raised or lowered remain with respect to the front end module and/or the rear end module and only a central part of the transport module is lowered. These joining flanges can be the stationary parts of the transport module described above.

The joining flanges can be arranged on at least one lifting or hydraulic cylinder. The joining flanges arranged on the transport module for connecting the transport module to the front-end or rear-end module can be stationary with respect to the corresponding joining flanges on the front-end or rear-end module. The transport module can be raised or lowered by means of the lifting or hydraulic cylinders arranged, in particular welded, on the joining flanges of the transport module without the couplings between the modules also being moved. For structural stability, linear guides can be arranged between the stationary and lowerable components of the transport module.

In a further variant of the invention, the front end module and/or the rear end module each have at least one vehicle wheel. One of the two modules could also only have a single wheel, so that the vehicle would then only have three wheels. Of course, it is also conceivable that both the front end module and the rear end module have an axle with two wheels each.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a coupling device, in particular screw or plug connections, is provided for the mechanical and/or electrical connection of the transport module to the front end module and/or to the rear end module.

The modules can be installed or pre-assembled in the factory or workshop in order to meet the safety requirements in the area of vehicles. Due to the configuration according to the invention, simple and quick assembly and disassembly of the modules is possible. In particular, the connections can be realized by bolts or by the joining flanges, which can also have a seal, for example against moisture and dirt, so that the connections are well protected from environmental influences. The joining flanges can have bushings for the electrical and/or mechanical connections.

In a development of the invention, the lifting and lowering device can be driven electrically and/or hydraulically and/or pneumatically. An electric motor can be provided for this purpose, which can be arranged in the transport module. The transport and/or loading position can be queried using a sensor system in order to ensure traffic safety.

The lifting and lowering device can raise and lower the loading area essentially plane-parallel to the road surface. However, it is also conceivable that the lifting and lowering device for loading the transport module from both sides is arranged on both sides of the vehicle, so that only one side of the loading area can be lowered or raised while the other side is not moved.

To operate the lifting and lowering device, an operating unit or an actuating button can be arranged, in particular on both sides of the transport module, in order to operate the lifting and lowering device from the left or right side of the vehicle, as required.

It is conceivable that the transport module for loading area management has at least two separate loading areas, so-called receiving slots, which can also be equipped differently.

It is also conceivable for the transport module to be loaded with the transport containers on both sides on the longitudinal side, for example in order to be away from traffic or flush with a structural barrier.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the transport module has a side flap, preferably arranged on both longitudinal sides of the transport module, which can be adjusted, in particular pivoted, between a folded-out position serving as a loading ramp and a folded-in position for securing the load.

The side flap is designed to be able to access the structural height of the loading area required by the construction without barriers, for example using a pallet truck, wheelchair or the like, and to serve as a transport safety device in the folded up position.

As mentioned above, the container can be loaded from both sides. All container doors can be opened even if the container is secured on the transport module. This ensures direct access to all trays in the container, for example with a basic size of 60x40 cm or reusable plastic containers such as IFCO or NAPF boxes.

Locking without further load securing measures is provided for all container formats with a euro pallet foot (with the basic dimensions 120x80cm). The containers or other transport vessels with the basic dimensions of a Euro pallet are automatically secured for transport by the side flap.

It is particularly advantageous that the at least one side flap can be pivoted by means of a handle, in particular by means of a lever, between the folded in and folded out position, in particular by 90° to 140°, preferably by 120°.

In the event that the side flap is moved from the folded-out to the folded-in position, it can be provided that the handle locks in the end position in order to signal to the operator that the end position has been reached and to prevent unintentional actuation of the handle to prevent, for example when (slightly) counteracting against the handle. This refinement also underscores the concept of the vehicle according to the invention, according to which the underlying technology is designed as simply, effectively and safely as possible.

The side flap could also be moved against the load for further securing, i.e. form a stop for the loaded load, e.g. the container. In this case, the loading flap would not be vertical in the folded position, but would be folded (slightly) inwards in order to “press” against the load and secure it.

It is conceivable that one side flap initially serves as a loading ramp for loading, while the other side flap, which is on the other side of the vehicle, is in the folded position and forms a (rear) stop for the load. After the loading process, the side flap, which initially serves as a loading ramp, is also moved from the unfolded to the folded position.

According to an advantageous variant of the invention, the side flap is secured in the folded position by means of a lock, as a result of which unintentional opening while driving is prevented.

In particular, the side flap can be designed to be pivotable between the folded-out position and the folded-in position by means of a mechanism rotatably mounted in the manner of a connecting rod. The side flap is preferably secured in the folded-in position, in particular in a self-locking manner.

This (purely) mechanical locking is based on the fact that the mechanism, which is rotatably mounted like a connecting rod, can be shaped in such a way that in its locked position the tensile forces that occur on the mechanism are intercepted in a form-fitting manner, for example due to a cranked connecting rod. When the side flap is opened, this form fit is canceled by a simple turning movement and at the same time a defined stroke for the side flap's adjustment path is generated.

If you move the side flap into the locking position when closing it, the form-fitting action is automatically restored. Thanks to this mechanism, the transport module has a fail-safe locking mechanism that does not require any further hydraulically or electrically supported operations.

It is conceivable that the transport module has at least one load securing device, in particular lashing rails for securing rollable or loose cargo. As a result, standard containers and transport containers with Euro pallet feet are automatically secured - without additional lashing equipment.

Transport securing options are also conceivable, such as lashing rails (airline rails) for rollable or loose transport goods as well as for the most diverse geometries of the transport goods.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the transport module has deflectors, in particular protective elements for protecting the transport module.

On the one hand, these deflectors are designed to prevent the vehicle from getting caught on obstacles such as bollards, barriers or borders when driving forwards or reversing. This configuration is particularly helpful when the width of the front end module and/or the rear end module is less than the width of the transport module. On the other hand, the deflector can also have further bevels, which can serve as threading aids for introducing cargo into the transport module. The deflectors thus fulfill a dual function, as a safety element and as a guide during loading and unloading.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the transport module has a loading space management system, in particular adjustable guide rails for loading people and/or cargo. The cargo space management can have the adjustable rail system for receiving appropriate cargo. In this way, the load is loaded or unloaded in a guided manner. The load can be secured in the rails after loading. The load compartment management can also have a shelf system adapted to the body contours.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the width of the roof element of the transport module in the transverse direction of the vehicle is less than the width of the floor element of the transport module, in particular that side walls of the transport module are trapezoidal.

In other words, the body of the transport module tapers from bottom to top for easy loading and unloading. This is also advantageous in the event that the load sways during loading or unloading due to an uneven surface. In this way, there is enough "headroom" to prevent the load from bumping into the roof of the transport module.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, the front end module is designed as a frame-shaped open structure.

In this way, an open cabin is provided which is of particularly simple design. The overall vehicle weight can be kept comparatively low as a result.

The philosophy described above for the vehicle design with the "Reduce to the Max" approach is also consistently implemented with this embodiment, in which as few individual components as possible are used.

For this reason, too, it is conceivable that the front end module is designed without a door. An operator or driver can get in or out quickly in this way. However, it is also conceivable for doors to be attached if necessary, for example as protection against environmental influences.

In a further variant of the invention, the A-pillar of the front-end module is interrupted, with an upper and lower splash guard, preferably made of a transparent material, to protect against moisture, snow or dirt, and between the upper and lower splash guards there is a clear field of vision for an operator of the vehicle.

In particular, the upper splash guard can be arranged further forward than the lower splash guard, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. In other words, the lower splash guard is set back from the upper splash guard. In this way, the repellency of rain, snow or dirt is further improved.

The front-end module can therefore have horizontally overlapping splash guards with a vertical spacing, which allow the driver or operator a free field of vision to the front and at the same time offer adequate splash protection in the rain. For this reason, the operator's field of vision also has no “blind spot”.

Also, no further aids such as windshield wipers or windshield blowers are required, which further simplifies the vehicle.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the vehicle has at least one exterior mirror, preferably with a holder, which is designed as a handle for the operator of the vehicle to help get in and out.

The exterior mirror can be designed to fold in and out. It is also conceivable that a handle for getting in and out is arranged in a stationary manner on the A-pillar of the vehicle, i.e. either as an alternative to or in addition to the handle on the outside mirror. In this way, boarding and alighting can be further simplified. For an optimal field of vision, the exterior mirror can be designed or arranged so that it cantilevers relatively far.

An embodiment in which the rear-end module has a drive unit for the vehicle, in particular an electric motor, and/or the power supply for the vehicle is particularly advantageous.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that the front end module is designed as a cabin for an operator of the vehicle.

For example, a driver/operator placed in the middle of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle can get in or out on the left or right side of the vehicle, depending on the situation (safety, traffic, structural obstacles). In particular, an emergency seat can also be provided for a passenger.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, the transport module is designed as a cabin, in particular with seating options for accommodating people. In this way, barrier-free loading and unloading of people for passenger transport is guaranteed. This is advantageous in particular for tourist trips or the transport of people with reduced mobility. Due to the barrier-free design, people in wheelchairs can also be accommodated without additional aids.

To form at least one trailer, two rear carriage modules can be joined together with at least one transport module arranged between them.

In this case, the rear end module with drive unit could drive the vehicle. It is also conceivable that several rear car modules are coupled together, for example one behind the other. It is also conceivable that the transport module is accommodated between two rear-end modules and the front-end module is connected to one of the rear-end modules. Due to the diverse possibilities of combining the three modules - front end module, rear end module and transport module - numerous different vehicles can be produced in a simple manner.

In addition, it is conceivable that at least one rear vehicle module can be coupled to a further rear vehicle module and/or that at least one transport module can be coupled to a further transport module.

In other words, it is conceivable to provide so-called "roadtrams" or "trams without rails". As a result, goods logistics can be created without the need to lay rails.

There are therefore different options for the vehicle configuration, e.g. as a single vehicle, articulated lorry (e.g. with trailer) or train system (RoadTram, MilkTrain, etc.) with one or more trailers.

There are various options for the transport module, which are tailored to the needs of commercial transport, for example simple platform variants, various superstructures (e.g. tarpaulin, box), or modules specialized for individual applications. In addition to the transport modules for goods or freight, modules for passenger transport can also be used, also in different configurations, for example for barrier-free transport.

A further idea of the invention relates to a container for a vehicle as described above, the container having at least two rollers and a strap being arranged between at least one roller and the underside of the container, by means of which the container can be secured in a recess arranged on the loading area.

In the pushed-in position, the container can be secured for transport using this strap. The container can preferably have four wheels, at least two of which can be designed as steering wheels. The cutout can be L-shaped and thereby ensure, in particular, that the load is secured upwards and downwards in the vehicle.

The container can be designed for multimodal use, especially for combined transport. The container can be used across different modes of transport, for example public transport such as buses or trains, trucks, vans, cargo bike trailers, etc. Various security systems are provided for this.

The container can have at least two steerable castors and a maximum of two rigid castors or fixed castors; other combinations are also conceivable. At least two of these can be blocked using a dead man's brake as long as no operator actively actuates an unlocking element and is therefore able to move the container. Since the container can be moved ergonomically by the operator, the area of the dead man's brake can be designed in such a way that corresponding gripping and holding elements are automatically located in the access area.

The container can have so-called bumpers/buffer elements in the lower and upper area, which on the one hand facilitate the loading process through centering effects and on the other hand provide protection of the container components but also minimizes contact damage caused by the container.

The container can be provided with doors at the front and rear, i.e. on both sides, in its front-end direction of travel. This arrangement makes it possible for the container to be loaded free-standing or within the transport module (even if the standard container is secured on the transport module) from two sides, so that individual crates can be delivered quickly with the vehicle.

The container can have a corresponding rack system/rail system that can accommodate the common (transport) crates, usually plastic reusable containers (e.g. NAPF, IFCO, Europool) with a basic width of 40cm (usually with a basic size of 60x40cm). The rack system can also be configured for other basic dimensions.

The doors on both ends allow the individual crates to be pushed into or pulled out of a corresponding rack system/rail system. With a basic size of the crate of 60x40cm - a common format in food logistics - all crates can be accessed directly without having to move another crate beforehand.

The rack system can be designed in such a way that the crates cannot be moved out of their position due to accelerations caused by driving dynamics and, moreover, the transport goods in the crates cannot fall out.

The container itself protects the transported goods from environmental influences and pollution.

Thermally insulated equipment is also conceivable, which allows cooling or heating of the transported goods. This can be passive (e.g. with cold packs) or active (e.g. with a refrigeration machine, compressor). Photovoltaic equipment can be provided for these containers for the energy supply, in order to enable cooling or heating periods corresponding to the transported goods.

The container is designed in such a way that it can also be used as a mini hub or free-standing, mobile “packing station”. For this purpose, the container doors can be equipped with lockable doors and these allow the end user access, e.g. by means of a locking system (key, RFID or access code).

Other features, such as interior lighting, drain for container cleaning or ventilation are also conceivable.

Further goals, advantages, features and application possibilities of the present invention result from the following description of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing. All the features described and/or illustrated form the subject matter of the present invention, either alone or in any meaningful combination, even independently of their summary in the claims or their back-reference.

• 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Fahrzeugs mit Vorderwagenmodul, Hinterwagenmodul und Transportmodul ohne Ladegut,
• 2 das Fahrzeug gemäß 1 mit Ladegut in einer Transportstellung,
• 3 das Fahrzeug gemäß 1 mit Ladegut in einer Ladestellung und mit einer Seitenklappe in ausgeklappter Stellung,
• 4 das Fahrzeug gemäß 3 in einer weiteren Darstellung,
• 5 eine Seitenansicht des Fahrzeugs gemäß 2 mit der Seitenklappe in eingeklappter Stellung,
• 6 eine Seitenansicht des Fahrzeugs gemäß 3,
• 7 eine weitere perspektivische Darstellung des Fahrzeugs gemäß 3,
• 8 a) die Module des Fahrzeugs in Einzelansichten und b) die montierten Module,
• 9 eine Detailansicht eines Transportmoduls,
• 10 a) eine weitere Detailansicht eines Teils des Transportmoduls mit Seitenklappe in eingeklappter Stellung und b) mit Seitenklappe in ausgeklappter Stellung,
• 11 das Fahrzeug gemäß 2,
• 12 das Fahrzeug gemäß 3 mit verschiedenen Ladegütern,
• 13 einen Container in a) geschlossenem Zustand und b) mit geöffneten Türen und
• 14 ein Fahrzeug mit mehreren Anhängern in zwei Konfigurationen a) und b).

Some of them show schematically:

• 1 a perspective view of a vehicle with front end module, rear end module and transport module without cargo,
• 2 the vehicle according to 1 with cargo in a transport position,
• 3 the vehicle according to 1 with cargo in a loading position and with a side flap in the unfolded position,
• 4 the vehicle according to 3 in another representation,
• 5 a side view of the vehicle according to FIG 2 with the side flap in the folded position,
• 6 a side view of the vehicle according to FIG 3 ,
• 7 a further perspective view of the vehicle according to FIG 3 ,
• 8 a) the modules of the vehicle in individual views and b) the mounted modules,
• 9 a detailed view of a transport module,
• 10 a) a further detailed view of a part of the transport module with the side flap in the folded position and b) with the side flap in the folded out position,
• 11 the vehicle according to 2 ,
• 12 the vehicle according to 3 with different loads,
• 13 a container in a) closed condition and b) with doors open and
• 14 a vehicle with several trailers in two configurations a) and b).

Components that are the same or have the same effect are provided with reference symbols in the following figures of the drawing based on an embodiment in order to improve readability.

Out of 1 goes a vehicle 10 with a front end module 2, with a rear end module 4 and with a on and coupled to the front derwagenmodul 2 and / or rear carriage module 4 connectable transport module 5 for receiving people and / or cargo 14 out. the 1 shows the vehicle 10 without cargo 14. For example, from the 2 until 7 shows the transport module 5 with cargo 14.

8 a) shows the modules 2, 4 and 5 of the vehicle in individual views and b) the mounted, ie assembled modules 2, 4 and 5.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the rear end module 4 has a drive unit for the vehicle 10, for example an electric motor, and the power supply for the vehicle 10.

In the present case, the front end module 2 is designed as a cabin for an operator 16 of the vehicle 10 . However, it is also conceivable within the meaning of the invention for the vehicle 10 to be moved autonomously, i.e. without a driver.

A control device 25 is provided for controlling vehicle functions in the front end module 2 or in the rear end module 4 . For example, the vehicle 10 can be controlled with the control device 25, as in 1 is shown. However, autonomous driving is also conceivable, in which there is no driver or operator 16 in the vehicle 10 when driving. Furthermore, the control device 25 can query safety-related sensors, such as load securing elements or trailer detection. Functions of the transport modules 5 can also be controlled.

How from the 4 further shows that the transport module 5 has a loading surface 13 that can be raised and lowered between a loading position 8 and a transport position 9 by means of a preferably electrically and/or hydraulically and/or pneumatically driven lifting and lowering device 6 for the transport of persons and/or the Cargo 14 on. Detailed views go out 9 and 10 out.

It is conceivable that the transport module 5 for loading area management has at least two separate loading areas 27, so-called receiving slots, which can also be equipped differently (cf. 5 ).

In the loading position 8, the loading area 13 can be lowered down to the road surface, in particular to ground level, in order to accommodate or unload the people and/or the load 14.

In this way, easy loading and unloading of people or cargo 14 is possible. In particular, the loading area 13 can be lowered to the ground in a barrier-free manner in order to enable goods or people to be loaded without additional ramps and a loading crane, a hoist, a tail lift or dock levellers. For example, this ensures that rollable containers can be loaded quickly and at ground level without additional aids.

The transport module 5 can be designed for use with two containers 39, for example. In addition to preferably two containers 39 - use is also possible with only one container 39 - at least one equipped Euro pallet or other logistics container for receiving goods can also be transported, for example. The transport module 5 automatically secures standard containers and transport containers with Euro pallet feet - without additional lashing equipment.

the 2 and 5 and 11 show the vehicle 10 with cargo 14 in a transport position 9 in different views.

the 3 and 4 show the vehicle with cargo in a loading position and with a side flap in the unfolded position. 6 is a side view and 7 a further perspective view of the vehicle according to FIG 3 .

12 shows the vehicle 10 according to FIG 3 with different loads 14. For example, lattice boxes, a wheelchair, various containers, trolleys and pallets with loads can be seen.

Out of 9 shows that the loading area 13 is arranged on a loading unit 17 which can be raised and lowered relative to a stationary or rigid part 26 of the transport module 5 .

In other words, the loading unit 17 with the loading area 13 is moved up and down, while the stationary part 26 of the transport module 5 is not moved as well.

It is conceivable that the transport module 5 has so-called joining flanges 36 for coupling and decoupling to the front-end module 2 and/or to the rear-end module 4, with these joining flanges 36 being stationary with respect to of the front end module 2 and/or the rear end module 4 remain and only a central part of the transport module 5 is lowered (cf. 8a , 9 ). These joining flanges 36 can be the stationary parts 26 of the transport module 5 described above.

The joining flanges 36 arranged on the transport module 5 for connecting the transport module 5 to the front-end 2 or rear-end module 4 can be stationary with respect to the corresponding joining flanges on the front-end 2 or rear-end module 4, i.e. they cannot be moved when the loading area 13 of the transport module 5 is adjusted. The transport module can be raised or lowered by means of the lifting or hydraulic cylinders 3 arranged, in particular welded, on the joining flanges 36 of the transport module 5 without the couplings between the modules also being moved. Linear guides can be arranged between the stationary and lowerable components of the transport module 5 for structural stability.

In the present exemplary embodiment, both the front end module 2 and the rear end module 4 each have an axle with two vehicle wheels 1 .

How out 9 and 10a shows, for the mechanical and/or electrical connection of the transport module 5 to the front end module 2 and/or to the rear end module 4, a coupling device 24, in particular screw or plug connections, such as bolts 21 and electrical plug connectors 23, is provided. For example, the corresponding bolts 21 for a mechanical connection and parts of the electrical plug connection 23 for an electrical connection to the front-car module 2 or rear-car module 4 can be provided on the flanges 36 arranged on the transport module 5 . Corresponding counterparts arranged on the front-end 2 or rear-end module 4 then form the mechanical and electrical connection.

the 2 , 3 , 4 , 5-7 , 9 and 10 a) and b) show that the transport module 5 has a side flap 7, preferably arranged on both longitudinal sides of the transport module 5, which can be opened between a folded-out position 18 serving as a loading ramp (cf. 3 , 6 , 10 b) ) and a folded position 19 (cf. 2 , 5 , 10 a) ) to secure the load 14 is adjustable, in particular pivotable.

The transport module 5 can thus be loaded on both sides on the longitudinal sides.

The at least one side flap 7 is secured by means of a 2 , 3 , 9 , 10 a) and b) the handle shown, in particular by means of a lever 20 between the folded and unfolded position 18, 19, in particular by 90° to 140°, preferably by 120°.

the 2 and 5 show the vehicle 10 with cargo 14, which is arranged on the loading area 13 of the transport module 5 and secured by means of the side flap 7, which is in a folded position 19 to secure the cargo 14. The transport module 5 is raised into the transport position 9 and the vehicle 10 is in a ready-to-drive state.

The side flap 7 is in the folded position 19 by means of an in 10 a) and b) latch 11 shown secured. In the present case, the side flap 7 can be pivoted between the folded-out position 18 and the folded-in position 19 by means of a mechanism 37 rotatably mounted in the manner of a connecting rod.

According to 3 , 6 and 10 b) the transport module 5 is lowered into the loading position 8 and the side flap 7 is in the unfolded position 18 so that it serves as a loading ramp for receiving or unloading people or goods 14 .

especially the 2 , 3 and 10 a) and b) show the transport module 5 with deflectors designed here as protective elements 15 to protect the transport module 5. These deflectors 15 are designed on the one hand to prevent the vehicle 10 from getting caught on obstacles when driving forwards or backwards, for example bollards, barriers or limitations.

On the other hand, the deflectors 15 can have further bevels, which can serve as threading aids for introducing the load 14 into the transport module 5 .

10 a) shows further that the transport module 5 has at least one load securing device 12, in particular lashing rails for securing rollable or loose cargo 14. As a result, standard containers and transport containers with Euro pallet bases are automatically secured—without additional lashing means.

Out of 9 shows a detailed view of the transport module 5 and 10 a) shows a further detailed view of part of the transport module 5 with the side flap 7 in the folded-in position 19 and b) with the side flap 7 in the folded-out position 18.

9 also shows a loading space management on the transport module 5, which in the present case has adjustable guide rails 22 for loading people and/or cargo 14.

especially the 9 or the 10 a) and b) show the transport module 5, wherein the Width of the roof element 29 of the transport module 5 in the transverse direction of the vehicle 10 is less than the width of the floor element 28 of the transport module 5. In other words, the side walls 30 of the transport module 5 are trapezoidal. This is advantageous in the event that the load 14 fluctuates during loading or unloading due to uneven ground.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the front end module 2 is designed as a frame-shaped, open structure. The front of the front end module 2 has at least one splash guard 31, 32 against moisture, snow or dirt, such as the 5 and 6 clarify.

In the present case, the front end module 2 is designed without a door.

The 5 and 6 It can also be seen that the A-pillar of the front-end module 2 is interrupted, with an upper and lower splash guard 31, 32, preferably made of a transparent material, and a clear visual area 38 for an operator of the Vehicle 10. In the present case, the upper splash guard 31 is arranged further forward than the lower splash guard 32, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

especially the 5 shows that the vehicle 10 has at least one outside mirror 33 . The exterior mirror 33 can be designed to fold in and out. In the present case, the exterior mirror 33 is designed or arranged to project relatively far for an optimal field of vision.

It is also conceivable that a grab handle 34 for getting in and out of the car is arranged in a stationary manner on the A-pillar of the vehicle 10, such as, among other things 5 further shows. It is also conceivable for the outside mirror to have a holder, either as an alternative or in addition to the handle 34 , which is designed as a handle for the operator 16 of the vehicle 10 to aid in getting in and out.

the 14 a) and b) show embodiments of vehicles 10 in which, to form at least one trailer 35, two rear vehicle modules 4 can be joined together with at least one transport module 5 arranged between them.

In this case, the rear end module 4 with the drive unit could drive the vehicle 10 . It is also conceivable that several rear vehicle modules 4 are coupled together, for example one behind the other. It is also conceivable that the transport module 5 is accommodated between two rear vehicle modules 4 and the front vehicle module 2 is connected to one of the rear vehicle modules 4 .

According to 14 and 15 at least one rear vehicle module 4 can be coupled to another rear vehicle module 4 and/or at least one transport module 5 to another transport module 5.

It is also conceivable that the front end module 2 is arranged at the rear of the vehicle 10 and the rear end module 4 at the front, i.e. that the vehicle 10.

In other words, it is conceivable to provide so-called "roadtrams" or "trams without rails". As a result, goods logistics can be created without the need to lay rails.

There are various options for the transport module 5, which are geared to the needs of commercial transport. The transport modules 5 range from simple platform variants to various superstructures (e.g. tarpaulins, suitcases) to modules specialized for individual applications. In addition to the transport modules 5 for goods or freight, modules for transporting people can be used, also in different configurations, for example for barrier-free transport.

the 13 illustrates a container 39 in a) the closed state and b) with the doors open. In particular, goes out 13 a) and b) a container 39 with four rollers 40 in the present case. At least one of the rollers 40 can have a brake, in particular a dead man's brake.

The container 39 can have two fixed rollers 40 and two steerable rollers, as well as at least one dead man's brake, which prevents the container 39 from being set in motion unintentionally.

How from the 13 a) and b) further shows that tabs 42 are arranged in the area between the rollers 40 and the underside 41 of the container 39, by means of which the container 39 can be secured in a recess 43 arranged on the loading surface 13 or on the guide rail 22, as in particular 6 indicates.

the 13 a) and b) further show that the container 39 can also have a bumper 44 or edge protection as component protection and as a loading aid. In particular, this bumper 44 prevents damage, for example denting of the container 39. A rack system is also conceivable in order to be able to accommodate crates with the aid of rails and also to secure these crates during transport.

The container 39 can have at least one closable opening--not shown in the figures--in the container floor, in order to be able to ensure that the cleaning liquid drains off during a cleaning process, for example.

A typical loading process of a container 39 is described below.

The driver/operator 16, who is placed in the middle of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 10 in the present exemplary embodiment, can get in or out of the vehicle on the left or right side of the vehicle, depending on the requirements (safety, traffic, structural obstacles).

The operator 16 lowers the loading surface 13 of the loading unit 17 of the transport module 5 to ground level, ie into the loading position 8, on the selected side of the vehicle (mechanics are on both sides) (cf. 3 , 6 , 7 ).

On each longitudinal side of the transport module 5, the operator 16 can then fold out the corresponding side flap 7, connected via a corresponding mechanism 37, using intuitive hand lever technology 20, ie pivot it into the folded out position 18 (cf. 4 , 6 , 7 ).

By folding out the side flap 7 by up to 120°, the small ground clearance relative to the loading area 13 is minimized by the ramp-like configuration. The operator 16 can thus easily push a fully loaded container 39 onto the loading area 13 without any barriers (cf. 4 , 6 , 7 ).

In order to further simplify the loading process for the operator 16, guide rails 22 are arranged in the lower area of the transport module 5 and can be adjusted to different widths by means of an adjustment option. This ensures that the container 39 is secured at least in the direction of travel. Even in the secured state (on the transport module 5), all the doors of the container 39 can be opened and thus all the trays loaded in the container 39 can be reached directly (cf. 9 ).

In addition, the transport module 5 tapers upwards, which prevents a container 39 from colliding with the transport module 5 in the upper area during the loading process if the floor covering of the road surface is correspondingly uneven (cf. 9 ).

If, coming from the road surface, the front wheels 40 of the container 39 (or e.g. of the lift truck in the case of a Euro pallet) reach the side flap 7 (loading ramp) in the unfolded position 18 during loading and then the loading area 13, the container 39 aligns itself relative to the Transport module due to the driving onto the side flap 7 and can thus be easily inserted into the transport module 5.

The side flap 7 arranged on the opposite long side of the transport module 5 is preferably in the folded-in position 19 and then automatically as an end stop for this loading process.

If the container 39 is in position, the operator 16 uses the lever 20 to fold the side flap 7 back into the locking position, i.e. into the folded position 19.

This folded-in position 19 of the two side flaps 7 can be queried by the control system. In the present case, the vehicle 10 can only be set in motion if the side flaps 7 are accordingly in the folded position 19 and the load 14 is secured.

For proprietary transport containers, the degree of freedom in the vertical (and if necessary horizontal) direction is positively restricted by means of appropriately additionally positioned lashing rails/airline rails and clamping devices in such a way that the transport containers cannot move during the journey and, for example, cannot move over the side flaps 7 in the event of bumps in the ground.

Once all the necessary safety measures have been taken, the operator 16, having returned to the driver's cab or to the front end module 2, can start the vehicle 10 again.

Reference List

1

vehicle wheel

2

front end module

3

lifting or hydraulic cylinder

4

rear end module

5

transport module

6

lifting and lowering device

7

side flap

8th

Loading position - transport module

9

Transport position - transport module

10

vehicle

11

Latch for latch flap

12

load securing

13

truck bed

14

cargo

15

Deflectors - protective or shock elements

16

operator

17

loading unit

18

unfolded position - side flap

19

folded position - side flap

20

lever

21

bolt

22

Guide rail - transport module

23

electr. connector

24

coupling device

25

control device

26

stationary part - transport module

27

Loading areas - transport module

28

Floor element - transport module

29

Roof element - transport module

30

Side walls - transport module

31

upper splash guard

32

lower splash guard

33

exterior mirrors

34

bracket

35

follower

36

joint flanges

37

mechanism

38

free field of view

39

Container

40

casters

41

bottom container

42

tab

43

recess

44

Bumpers

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 1802148 A1 [0005]
• EP 763445 B1 [0006]
• DE 1842212 U [0007]
• DE 2845441 A1 [0008]
• DE 3337764 A1 [0009]
• DE 102017005699 B3 [0010]
• DE 102018208665 A1 [0011]
• DE 102019103863 A1 [0012]
• DE 102019132142 A1 [0013]

Claims (24)

Vehicle (10) with a front-end module (2), with at least one rear-end module (4) and with at least one transport module (5) that can be connected to and decoupled from the front-end module (2) and/or rear-end module (4) for picking up people and/or or cargo (14), wherein a control device (25) for controlling vehicle functions is provided in the front-end vehicle module (2) or in the rear-end vehicle module (4) and the transport module (5) has a lifting and lowering device (6) between a loading position ( 8) and a transport position (9) has a loading surface (13) that can be raised and lowered for the transport of people and/or cargo (14), the loading surface (13) in the loading position (8) reaching down to the road surface, in particular at ground level can be lowered to accommodate or unload the people and/or the load (14). Vehicle (10) after claim 1 , characterized in that the loading area (13) is arranged on a loading unit (17) which can be raised and lowered relative to a stationary or rigid part (26) of the transport module (5). Vehicle (10) after claim 2 , characterized in that the transport module (5) has at least one joining flange (36) for coupling and decoupling to the front end module (2) and/or to the rear end module (4), the joining flanges (36) in the assembled state of the modules ( 2, 4, 5) are stationary with respect to the front end module (2) and/or the rear end module (4). Vehicle (10) after claim 1 until 3 , characterized in that the front end module (2) and/or the rear end module (4) each have at least one vehicle wheel (1). Vehicle (10) according to one of Claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that a coupling device (24), in particular screw or plug connections, is provided for the mechanical and/or electrical connection of the transport module (5) to the front-end module (2) and/or to the rear-end module (4). Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lifting and lowering device (6) can be driven electrically and/or hydraulically and/or pneumatically. Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport module (5) has a side flap (7), preferably arranged on both longitudinal sides of the transport module (5), which can be opened between a folded-out position (18) serving as a loading ramp and a folded position (19) for securing the load (14) is adjustable, in particular pivotable. Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one side flap (7) can be moved by means of a handle, in particular by means of a lever (20) between the folded in and folded out position (18, 19), in particular by 90° to 140°, preferably 120°. Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side flap (7) is secured in the folded position (19) by means of a lock (11). Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side flap (7) can be pivoted between the unfolded position (18) and the folded position (19) by means of a mechanism (37) rotatably mounted in the manner of a connecting rod and is preferably in the folded position ( 19), in particular is secured in a self-locking manner. Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport module (5) has deflectors, in particular protective elements (15) for protecting the transport module (5). Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport module (5) has a loading space management system, in particular adjustable guide rails (22) for loading people and/or goods (14). Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of the roof element (29) of the transport module (5) in the transverse direction of the vehicle (10) is less than the width of the floor element (28) of the transport module (5), in particular that side walls (30) of the transport module (5) are trapezoidal. Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front end module (2) is designed as a cabin for an operator of the vehicle (10). Vehicle (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front end module (2) is designed as a frame-shaped open structure, in particular that the Front of the front end module (2) has at least one splash guard (31, 32) against moisture, snow or dirt. Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front end module (2) is designed without a door. Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the A-pillar of the front end module (2) is interrupted, with an upper (31) and lower (32) splash guard (31, 32) preferably made of a transparent material. and a free field of vision (38) for an operator (16) of the vehicle (10) arranged between the upper and lower splash guard (31, 32). Vehicle (10) after Claim 17 , characterized in that the upper splash guard (31) seen in the vehicle longitudinal direction is arranged further forward than the lower splash guard (32). Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vehicle (10) has at least one exterior mirror (33), preferably with a holder (34) which is used as a handle for the operator of the vehicle ( 10) is formed. Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear vehicle module (4) has a drive unit for the vehicle (10), in particular an electric motor, and/or the power supply for the vehicle (10). Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport module (5) is designed as a cabin, in particular with seating options for accommodating people. Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to form at least one trailer (35) two rear vehicle modules (4) can be joined together with at least one transport module (5) arranged between them. Vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one rear vehicle module (4) can be coupled to a further rear vehicle module (4) and/or that at least one transport module (5) can be coupled to a further transport module (5). Container (39) for a vehicle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container (39) has at least two rollers (40), with at least one roller (40) and the underside (41) of the container ( 39) a tab (42) is arranged, by means of which the container (39) can be secured in a recess (43) provided on the loading area (13).

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