DE202011001535U1 - Drive for a building closure in the form of a sectional door - Google Patents

Abstract

Drive for a building closure in the form of a sectional door, which consists of, mounted in lateral guide rails by means of rollers, pivotally interconnected Sektionaltorsegmente and is moved between a closed position and an open position and vice versa by the drive, characterized in that for the method of Sektionaltorblattes as a drive an electromechanical linear drive (1) is used.

Description

The invention relates to a drive for a building completion in the form of a sectional door, this consists essentially of mounted in lateral guide rails by means of rollers with each other pivotally connected Sektionstorsegmente which are moved by a motor according to the preamble of claim. 1

A Sektionaltorblatt is for example from the DE 10 2005 009 265 A1 known. The individual sections of Sektionaltorblattes are pivotally interconnected, and guided in lateral, provided with a bow rails. When opening and closing the door, the individual sections lead to each other pivotal movements.

The automation of a ceiling sectional door, the individual members are mutually connected to each other movable and are guided in laterally arranged rails, shows the DE 20 2006 005 498 U1 , In this embodiment, a moving drive is present, the attachment is carried out by means of a mounting bracket on the upper ceiling member segment.

Of the DE 36 35 258 C1 For example, a magnetic force system for the smooth transport of loads can be associated with at least one magnet attached to the load, which has a ferromagnetic carrier body. It is essential that the magnets interact with at least one vertical pole wall and are arranged substantially parallel to this wall. The magnets are arranged in pairs in the longitudinal direction, which means that always two magnets are considered as a pair, which are shorted by a ferromagnetic plate on one side. The magnets are arranged in an iron U-rail. Directly connected to such magnets is the door to be supported and moved.

In the described floating principle of DE 36 35 258 C1 is in principle a downwardly open U-beam profile in which from below a system of several mutually arranged permanent magnets protrudes. The vertical distance between the magnetic composite and the carrier rail regulates itself without any electronic control. This means that with increasing loads and the magnetic attraction force increases to a certain value.

The advantage of permanently magnetic suspended doors is obvious, as they can be easily moved, which is also the case in the case of a power failure. As a result, a necessary emergency power supply can be omitted, for example, in automatic doors.

The WO 94/13055 A1 shows a linear drive in which a stator is arranged with a winding within a wall which cooperates with a wing of a door on the upper side magnets are arranged, which are used for the suspension and the driving movement of the wing.

A sliding door with a magnetic drive system for a door reveals the DE 10 2004 050 326 B4 , For this purpose, at least one magnet row formed in the drive direction with gaps between the individual magnets is present, which has an alternating polarity, likewise a coil arrangement is assigned. The coils are designed as individual coils and also have a certain distance from each other. Such a drive system with a magnet array and the associated individual coils has very large cogging torques that arise through the gaps between the magnets and the gaps of the coils. Furthermore, the efficiency of such constructed drive systems is low.

In the US 2008/0224557 An electric motor with a Halbach array is described. In this arrangement, the permanent magnets and cooperating coils are arranged to consist of individual segments that produce a preselected magnetic field in a particular direction. By this alignment of the magnets and the cooperating coils, a particular efficiency with respect to the above-described motor with respect to the magnetic flux is achieved.

Thus, the Halbach principle is a special arrangement of permanent magnets, in which the magnetic field almost picks up on one side and on the other side but reinforced acts. This is achieved by the fact that the individual permanent magnets have a different magnetization direction. Due to this different direction of magnetization, a magnetic flux enhancement occurs on one side and a flux attenuation on the other side.

The object of the invention is to provide a drive for sectional doors, which works in addition to a very small size maintenance-free, has a high efficiency and is inexpensive to produce in different sizes.

The object of the invention is achieved by the features of claim 1. The dependent claims provide a further embodiment of the inventive concept again.

Known sectional doors consist essentially of several, in the closed state adjoining Sektionaltorsegmente. These individual Sektionaltorsegmente are interconnected by hinges. By means of rollers or similar means the Sektionaltorsegmente be guided in lateral guide rails. To accommodate horizontally and vertically acting forces, the guide rails are firmly connected to laterally adjacent parts of the building.

As a drive for sectional doors, a linear drive is proposed with an elongated stationary stator, which preferably has a bifilar winding with a ferromagnetic yoke. The bifilar winding preferably consists of a multiple number of individual coils, called air coils, i. H. without grooved iron, are formed. The control of the individual segments of the overall winding is done by a controller / regulation, which may be part of the stator. Such a bifilar winding is preferably wound with a scalar field splitting so that always two wires of the winding run parallel, so as to achieve a scalar vector tilt, which is characterized in particular by the fact that in certain areas there is an increase or weakening of the electrical Feldes within the bifilar winding comes. This scalar field splitting of the individual bifilar windings means that in a clever arrangement of the windings, whose individual wires are preferably made of a strand, the magnetic flux of the windings turns it into a directional, stronger magnetic field for a rotor to be described later the stator interacts, comes. It is understood that such a stationary stator can extend over the entire length or over partial sections of the route to be traveled. In this case, the route can not only be a straight line but this can also be performed in the form of a curve, as is customary for sectional doors for the closed position. The stator is part of the guide rails or is preferably attached to them.

The elongate, interacting with the stationary stator, moving along a track along the guide rails, is made up of permanent magnet systems composed of a number of individual permanent magnets, grouped together in multiple pole poles of alternating polarity (north / south) with no gaps between them. A pole length consists of several magnetized and arranged according to a specific scheme permanent magnets. The permanent magnets are arranged so that they have a directed, amplified, magnetic flux within a pole length at a pole face directed towards the winding, and quasi suppression of an external magnetic flux occurs on the back side of the rotor. This contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the linear drive.

To achieve such an amplified magnetic directed flux, the pole length is sized to be a length of two equally long magnets plus a shorter magnet. Preferably, the length of the shorter magnet is dimensioned as half the length of the aforementioned equal length magnets.

In order to intensify the targeted direction of the magnetic flux even more, is directed to the pole face of the two magnets of equal length, another magnet, but only a small, preferably substantially the quarter height of the aforementioned magnets, pole height has. Thus, a preferred pole length preferably consists of four magnets, the magnetization directions of which have been selected such that there is an amplified directional magnetic flux on the flat magnet and thus on its pole face. Each pole length has a different alternating polarity, i. H. At each successive pole length, the North Pole and the South Pole alternate, the individual pole poles directly joining each other without gaps and intermediate poles of iron or the like.

On the opposite side (back to the pole face) of the individual magnets is a ferromagnetic shield, which must have only a small thickness, since in this area no large magnetic flux is present, because a magnetic flux attenuation by the selected magnetic directions of the poles of the individual Magnets is present.

In a preferred embodiment, the individual magnets of a pole length may consist of different magnetic materials, whereby the magnetic flux can be enhanced.

Such a runner consists, according to the size of the section to be moved Sektionaltorsegmente, of several directly juxtaposed pole faces. These pole faces are modular and can be ranked according to the pole face by a multiple. It is thus possible to produce and drive different width gates in modular construction in a simple manner.

The stator is designed very flat, and consists essentially of the previously described winding with the ferromagnetic yoke plate. In order to be able to move corresponding Sektionaltorsegmente from the closed position to the open position and vice versa, it is therefore necessary that the stator is present over the entire route, which must brush the top Sektionaltorsegment.

This can also mean that the stator is arranged in a curved area.

The stator can also be part of the last Sektionaltorsegmentes. In such an embodiment, however, the electrical leads must be designed flexible. However, it is also possible that the runner is attached to the Sektionaltorsegment. For this purpose, appropriate brackets are available.

In a further preferred embodiment, it is possible that the linear drive is equipped with corresponding sensors, in particular for position determination. In addition, in a further preferred embodiment, the control and regulating electronics can also be located within the linear drive at the same time. Preferably, the control and electronic control is then part of the stator. Such a configuration makes it possible for each subwinding to be associated with separate control and regulating electronics, with the individual subordinate control and regulating electronics being able to be managed by a superordinate logic. In such an overall administration appropriate programs for the use of the linear drive can be deposited. By a preferred arrangement for the power electronics, on the one hand, the power losses are kept very low, moreover, it is possible to achieve effective control of the individual sections of the winding. Such control electronics preferably operates with a high clock frequency according to the pulse width modulation principle.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the possible embodiments schematically illustrated in the drawings.

It shows:

1 A preferred embodiment of an embodiment of a Sektionaltorsegments in a cutout view;

2 a side view of a first preferred arrangement of a stator in cooperation with a rotor;

3 A first possible embodiment of a structure of a pole length with a directional magnetic flux, according to the embodiment of 2 ;

4 FIG. 2 shows a second preferred embodiment of a magnet arrangement for a rotor with a directional magnetic flux, FIG.

5 a second preferred embodiment of a magnetic arrangement for a rotor with a directional magnetic flux;

6 : A preferred winding scheme of a coil for a stator.

In the cutout view of the 1 becomes a section operator segment 18 played over an axis 19 by means of a roller 10 inside a guide rail 9 to be led. With the track 9 is about a fixture 4 a stator 2 a linear motor 1 have been given in a sectional view. The stator 2 consists essentially of a winding 7 , which may also be divided into individual windings, for example, to realize a multi-phase operation. The back of the winding 7 comes from a conclusion 8th , which consists of a ferromagnetic material limited.

One with the stator 2 functionally cooperating runners 3 is over an air gap 15 opposite the stator 2 in the 1 also stated. It consists of the runner 3 from individual permanent magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 , which will be referred to separately in the following figures. The rear end of the permanent magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 forms a shield 6 , The shield 6 is much thinner than the conclusion 8th the winding 7 , The runner 3 of the linear drive 1 is in this embodiment within a holder 5 arranged, preferably with the upper Sektionaltorsegment 18 connected is.

Contrary to this presentation of the 1 it is also possible for the runner 3 within the sectional oyster segment 18 is integrated. For this purpose, preferably in the lateral region within a pocket or the like of the runners 6 inserted and fastened with its overall length. The stator 2 is preferably below or above or in the guide rail 9 attached so that has a corresponding air gap 15 the runner 3 with the stator 2 can interact. When mounting the stator 2 outside the guide rail 9 this runs almost parallel to the guide rail.

Due to the stationary arrangement of the stator 2 it is possible in a simple way, the winding 7 to supply with appropriate electrical power, since no moving lines are needed. However, it is also possible that a specially designed guide rail 9 is present, in addition to the leadership of the rollers 10 also holding the stator 2 includes.

When considering the 2 it becomes clear that the stationary winding 7 , which is preferably designed as a bifilar winding with multiple sections, has been stretched long and flat wound, so that a scalar field splitting is achieved by corresponding parallelism of the individual winding wires. By dividing the total winding 7 in several sections or sections a multi-phase operation is possible. Furthermore, the individual sections or sections can be selectively controlled by a suitable control and regulating electronics. To get an effective yield of the winding 7 To achieve this is made of a multi-strand twisted strand. Although this increases the total resistance of the winding but also simultaneously reduces the unwanted eddy currents. The winding 7 of the stator 2 is driven by the control electronics with an increased frequency, which in the design of the control and regulating electronics means that cheaper transistors can be used. The winding 7 is preferably made of copper wires, but can be replaced by aluminum wires, if the weight of the stator should play a role.

The permanent magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 of the runner 3 have been grouped into so-called pole lengths P _L , which are still in the 3 will be received. However, it already shows from the 2 that the permanent magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 within a pole length P _{L have} a particular arrangement, wherein the arrows used there within the magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 of the 2 the magnetic flux and thus also the polarity (North Pole or South Pole) should reflect. By means of a targeted magnetic field adjustment, a directed field correction is thus carried out by means of specific magnetic magnetization directions. In such a field correction, the magnetic material is in addition to a certain magnetic direction orientation even more geometrically arranged beyond that, for example, to the air gap 15 towards a magnetic flux enhancement and to the shielding plate 6 directed magnetic flux attenuation is present.

From the 3 can the arrangement of the permanent magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 a first preferred embodiment. Such an arrangement of juxtaposed permanent magnets 11 . 12 and 14 is referred to as pole length P _L. This is shown by the permanent magnets 11 and 12 each have a length L ₁ and L ₂ . L ₁ is essentially equal to L _{2 in} terms of its dimensions. The permanent magnet 14 , next to the permanent magnet 12 in the embodiment of 3 is placed has a length L ₃ . The length L ₃ measures substantially half the length of L ₁ or L ₂ . Thus, the following statement results for the pole length P _L : P _L = L ₃ + L ₂ + L ₁ in which L ₁ = L ₂ and L ₃ = ½L ₂ is.

P _H sets the pole height. The pole height P _H is approximately ½P _L in the preferred embodiment. P _H = ½P _L

Again 3 it can also be seen is another permanent magnet 13 present, extending over the lengths L ₁ + L _{2 of} the permanent magnets 11 and 12 extends. This permanent magnet 13 has a height H ₁ which measures approximately ¼ of the pole height P _H. H ₁ = ¼P _H

The height of the permanent magnets 11 and 12 plus the height H ₁ gives the P _H. The magnet 14 extends over the entire pole height P _H.

Thus, it turns out that a pole length P _L with a directed magnetic flux at the pole face 16 from the permanent magnets 11 . 12 . 13 and 14 in a first preferred embodiment of the 3 can exist. In order to achieve the directional magnetic flux, have the permanent magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 a certain magnetization direction. This is indicated by the arrows within the 3 the individual permanent magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 been presented. For example, the arrowhead with the south pole and the arrow end with the north pole has been designated. By such vector displacement of the magnetization in the individual strands of the targeted magnetic flux and thus a correction to a normal magnetization of the pole face 16 reached outgoing magnetic flux. There is almost an addition or targeted amplification or alignment of the individual magnetic fluxes. For example, the permanent magnet 14 has been magnetized in the direction of the pole length P _L. This magnetic flux is added to the approximately 45 ° extending magnetization directions of the permanent magnets 11 and 12 , By using the permanent magnet 13 is next to the magnetic field alignment of the magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 at the same time an assembly aid in the assembly of the pole length P _L achieved.

The permanent magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 can be different permanent magnetic materials. The preferred material is the rare earth type with cobalt alloys, ceramic ferrite alloys and rare earth iron alloys besides neodymium-iron-boron alloys. So it turns out that the individual permanent magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 not all of the same magnetic material, so in addition to a cost reduction and a better targeted magnetic flux at the pole face 16 to effect.

In a second preferred embodiment of the 4 is another embodiment of an arrangement of permanent magnets 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 17 represented, in which the individual pole lengths P _L according to the 3 overlapping by another magnet 17 achieved, for example, on the magnets 11 and 12 but extends across the next pole length P _L. By such an arrangement of the permanent magnet 17 becomes a further orientation of the magnetic flux towards the pole face 16 causes.

The execution of such a linear drive 1 According to the embodiments shown, which have not been conclusively shown, in a continuous operation a substantially lower energy cost factor with higher efficiency. In addition, a major omission of maintenance for the operator of such linear drives is given. It is understood that an intelligent controller operating within the linear actuator 1 can be integrated, in addition to a continuous speed control and a current limit and thus has a force limit.

The 5 shows in a further preferred embodiment, a magnet arrangement which substantially the arrangement according to the 4 corresponds, only missing in this embodiment, the permanent magnet 14 , Instead of the permanent magnet 14 is a gap 49 available. Through this gap 49 arises at the pole surface 47 a weaker magnetic field. Such an arrangement can be used, for example, where a weaker magnetic field for operating a linear drive 1 is sufficient. In this preferred embodiment, however, it is necessary that the inference 43 is made considerably thicker.

The pole length P _L results analogously as in the previous preferred embodiment, with a pole length P _L extending from a center of the gap 49 until the next middle of the coming gap 49 extends. The length of the gap 49 and that of the permanent magnet 14 is magnetic material dependent and determined by a variable proportion of the pole length P _L itself.

From the 6 may be a preferred winding scheme, for example, for a six-phase design of a coil 24 be removed. This illustration of the winding scheme makes it clear that the individual windings have been produced in a meandering and bifilar manner, preferably using twisted strands. When considering, for example, a winding start 55 it becomes clear that in the upper and lower winding heads 56 . 57 there is a cancellation of the magnetic fields due to the arrangement of the individual strands. This also applies to the other illustrated winding beginnings 50 . 51 . 52 . 53 and 54 to, the total at the coil ends 58 . 59 . 60 . 61 . 62 . 63 end up. Furthermore, this representation of the 6 be taken that with the bifilar running windings of the coil 24 the supply via the winding start 50 to 55 and the end point of the coil end 58 to 63 lying at one point. Likewise, the bifilarity results from the fact that the individual strands are virtually led back and back and not circulate once as usual. Such a structure results in a magnetic field of alternating polarity. This add up in the working gap of the electric linear drive 1 the fields and in the winding heads 56 . 57 they lift up. The efficiency is thereby increased. The individual wires or strands of the windings 7 for the coil 24 of the stator 2 are preferably held together by a fiber-reinforced plastic.

As a preferred magnetic material isotropic materials are used which are sintered or plastic bonded and belong to the group of rare earths.

The execution of such a linear drive 1 According to the embodiments shown, which have not been conclusively shown, in a continuous operation a substantially lower energy cost factor with higher efficiency. In addition, a major omission of maintenance for the operator of such linear drives is given. Also, there are far fewer parts than conventional automatic sliding doors or linear actuators according to the prior art. In addition to the user-friendliness, the design of such a linear drive for the simple design of a sliding door in single-leaf design is also suitable. With a corresponding control, only a door leaf can be opened even with a double-leaf sliding door. It is understood that such an intelligent control, within the linear actuator 1 can be integrated, in addition to a continuous speed control and a current limit and thus has a force limit.

The modularity of the linear drive according to the invention results in particular by the present in a grid pitch P _L , which can be strung together in each case by a multiple. Furthermore, by the flat ironless Luftwicklung, which preferably consist of single windings or sections for different phases or the like and have no carriers or bobbins.

Such a pre-described linear drive is not only inexpensive to produce for all door leaf widths, but it also has only small geometric dimensions, which are below those that are known from linear actuators of the prior art.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

linear actuator

2

stator

3

runner

4

attachment

5

bracket

6

shielding

7

winding

8th

conclusion

9

guide rail

10

caster

11

magnet

12

magnet

13

magnet

14

magnet

15

air gap

16

pole

17

Manet

18

Sektionaltorsegment

19

axis

24

Kitchen sink

43

conclusion

44

magnet

45

magnet

46

magnet

47

pole

48

magnet

49

gap

50

winding start

51

winding start

52

winding start

53

winding start

54

winding start

55

winding start

56

winding

57

winding

58

winding end

59

winding end

60

winding end

61

winding end

62

winding end

63

winding end

P _L

pole length

P _H

pile height

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102005009265 A1 [0002]
• DE 202006005498 U1 [0003]
• DE 3635258 C1 [0004, 0005]
• WO 94/13055 A1 [0007]
• DE 102004050326 B4 [0008]
• US 2008/0224557 [0009]

Claims (22)

Drive for a building completion in the form of a sectional door, which consists of mounted in lateral guide rails by rollers, interconnected with each other pivotally connected Sektionaltorsegmente and is moved between a closed position and an open position and vice versa by the drive, characterized in that for the method of Sektionaltorblattes as a drive an electromechanical linear drive ( 1 ) is used. Drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the linear drive ( 1 ) essentially consists of an elongate, stationary stator ( 2 ) with a mobile runner ( 3 ) via an air gap ( 15 ) cooperates. Drive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stator ( 2 ) Component of at least one of the guide rails ( 9 ), or is arranged on at least one of the guide rails. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator ( 2 ) Component of each lateral guide rail ( 9 ), or on each of the lateral guide rails ( 9 ) is arranged. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor ( 3 ) Component of a sectional segment, preferably of the uppermost sectional segment ( 18 ). Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor ( 3 ) at a Sektionaltorsegment, preferably the upper Sektionaltorsegment ( 18 ) is arranged. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator ( 2 ) has at least one length which has a horizontal and at least one vertical section at the level of the last upper section roller segment ( 18 ) of the guide rail ( 9 ). Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stator ( 2 ) a winding ( 7 ), preferably a bifilar winding with a ferromagnetic conclusion ( 8th ), and the runner ( 3 ) made of permanent magnets ( 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ) with a dense, juxtaposed multiple pole length P _L , wherein the permanent magnets ( 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ) are arranged within the pole length P _L such that at one to the air gap ( 15 ) directed pole face ( 16 ) there is a directional magnetic flux with change of magnetic polarity. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole length P _L is a length L _{1 of} the magnet ( 11 ) plus a length L _{2 of} the magnet ( 12 ) plus a length L _{3 of} the magnet ( 14 ), wherein the length L _{1 of} the magnet ( 11 ) equal to the length L _{2 of} the magnet ( 12 ) and that the length L _{3 of} the magnet ( 14 ) substantially equal to half a length L ₁ or L ₂ and that the permanent magnet ( 13 ) substantially the total length of the permanent magnets ( 11 plus 12 ) and for magnetic field alignment at the pole face ( 16 ) is used. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole height P _H measures substantially half of the pole length P _L. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole height H _{1 of} the permanent magnet ( 13 ) measures substantially one quarter of the pole height P _H. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height H _{1 of} the permanent magnets ( 11 . 12 ) measures substantially three quarters of the pole height P _H. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnet ( 14 ) extends over the entire pole height P _H. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnets ( 11 . 12 . 14 ) at the pole face ( 16 . 47 ) opposite side a ferromagnetic shield ( 6 . 43 ) exhibit. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnets ( 11 . 12 . 13 . 14 ) consist of the same or different materials that are magnetized in different directions. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coil 24 with the windings ( 7 ) is bifilar and at the same time meandered in such a way that a scalar field splitting or scalar vector tilting of the magnetic flux of the windings ( 7 ) is achieved, the bifilarity is not carried out in the opposite direction but are switched in the same direction in series. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding ( 7 ) is wound from stranded wire and consists of single windings for several phases. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the pole face ( 16 ) can be extended or shortened several times. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor ( 3 ) by means of a holder ( 5 ) within the section ointment segment ( 18 ) embedded or attached to this. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a controller for the stator ( 2 ), which is preferably part of the stator ( 2 ). Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sectional door is designed as an industrial door or as a garage door. Sectional door, essentially consisting of individual interconnected Sektionaltorsegmenten which are moved over lateral guide rails, with a linear drive ( 1 ) of the preceding claims.

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