DE202011001544U1 - Modular drive device - Google Patents

Abstract

Modular electric drive device for a non-slot, brushless drive device (1, 34, 36, 64, 65, 66, 67, 79, 80) composed of individual replaceable modules, consisting essentially of exchangeable modules, such as a winding (2), permanent magnet systems (3), magnet holders (9, 14, 35, 44, 45, 46), an inference module (39), a control unit (12), an incremental encoder (20), a position measuring device (21), an axle (13 , 43, 48), a drive module (31, 32, 37), a mounting module (25) or a gear module (33, 47, 60), wherein a substantially self-supporting winding (2) formed as a flat, annular disc and thus permanent magnet systems (3) cooperating on both sides, the permanent magnet systems (3) consisting of permanent magnets (81, 82, 83, 84, 87) having a multiple pole length P _L arranged directly next to one another composed of individual permanent magnets (81, 82, 83, 84, 87) with different There are preferred magnetization directions which are arranged within a pole length P _L such that a directed amplified, magnetic flux with alternating polarity is produced on each pole face (86), wherein

Description

The invention relates to a modular electrical composite of individual, interchangeable modules, grooved and brushless drive device, which consists essentially of a trained as a flat disc winding as a stator and cooperating permanent magnet systems.

Such a drive device has a constant torque over the entire speed range. Furthermore, the drive device can be used for a direct or indirect drive via its axis or over its round peripheral surface.

An electrical machine which has at least one permanent-magnet pole pair and at least one conductor track which can be flowed through by an electric current to generate an exciter field is known from US Pat DE 32 31 966 A1 refer to. The magnetic pole pair is designed in the form of a permanent magnet and designed disk-shaped. The electrical track located between the permanent magnets is designed as a flat coil and mounted at least one layer on a support body. In this case, each, attached to the support body, current-flowable conductor track is arranged at least with the region of its effective portion within the geometry of the rotating permanent magnet.

A grooved and brushless motor, in particular a drive motor, which is connected directly to the rotating drum of a video recorder, describes the DE 29 31 650 A1 ,

Of the DE 103 35 688 A1 is the design of air coils, which are completely penetrated within rotating electrical machines by the magnetic field to remove. This design leads to electrical machines with high material exploitation and high efficiency and high torque in motors. The invention is based on the ideal conditions explored by Faraday for direct energy conversion between the magnetic field and the conductor through which current flows. The ideal conditions in end coils for different operations of the coils depending on the application are implemented in each case to a maximum extent.

Electric coils or windings with one side of the coil bundle lying current input and current output and their manufacturing processes are in the DE 102 08 566 A1 explained in more detail. This is the use in electrical machines for a total coil or overall winding, which is composed of at least two coils or windings, which lie in the air gap direction one above the other, run in opposite directions or wound in opposite directions and are connected in series.

The object of the present invention is to provide a drive concept for a drive device that can be used for a wide variety of applications and is cost-reduced in the production while increasing performance and space reduction.

We solve the problem of the invention by the features of claim 1. The dependent claims provide a further embodiment of the inventive concept again.

In order to reduce costs, a modular electric drive concept is proposed according to the invention which produces different drive devices from individual replaceable modules. The drive devices are created so that they are grooved and brushless and thus commutator. Usable are such drive devices for single and multi-phase power supplies.

In order to realize a constant torque over the entire speed range, a winding is used, which is designed as a module as a flat annular disc according to a specific winding scheme. In this case, the flat winding between permanent magnet systems, which are summarized as modules in so-called pole lengths and preferably mounted in magnetic holders.

The invention also shows that such a drive device is suitable both for direct and indirect drive via an axle. In addition, it is also optionally possible that the axis is stationary and used to drive the round peripheral surface. Both embodiments can be equipped with a transmission, in particular with a planetary gear. Such a planetary gear can also be integrated with in the surrounding housing of the drive device.

In order to select such a diverse drive device quasi from a morphological box, the drive device can be composed essentially of the following modules: a winding, magnets that are held in magnetic holders, the magnets can also be provided with a yoke module of a ferromagnetic material , a control unit that is part of the drive device, which means that the control unit within the Drive device is located, an incremental encoder, a position measuring device, different axes, both drive modules and mounting modules and transmission modules.

The control unit is designed so that it can be equipped, for example, for different applications with different programs. Such programs include z. B. a start-up phase and a braking phase of the drive device depending on the version. The course of the starting phase and the braking phase can be designed differently as needed. Further, for example, the drive device in a program learn the course of a route of a connected device itself and then store these characteristics themselves. The learnable or changeable parameters also include a speed limit, a current limit or a force limit. These programs are then preferably stored in at least one non-volatile memory. Depending on the application and compilation of the drive device from the individual modules another software is programmed into the control unit.

The winding is to be regarded as a self-supporting, executed without carrier flat, annular disc winding. The disk winding is designed as a self-supporting air coil with at least two separate windings, and depending on the number of phases and multiple windings can be performed and thus a multi-phase operation is possible. The individual windings are bifilar and at the same time meandering wound in such a way that the bifilarity is not executed in opposite directions. Thus, the individual windings are bifilar wound and connected in series in the same direction, so that a disk winding is provided which has a double turn number about four times the inductance over conventional coils. By such a winding arrangement is achieved that add in the working gap, the magnetic fields and at the same time cancel this in the winding head. By canceling the electric fields in the windings losses are reduced, which are otherwise converted into heat. The conductor material for the individual windings preferably consists of one or a plurality of twisted strands. Such a winding scheme means with less space a higher performance of the drive device.

Such a winding is impregnated by means of a corresponding temperature-resistant resin, wherein the resin can also be reinforced with, for example, glass fibers. To increase the stability of the winding, this can still be provided with a fabric, at least outdoors. Such a fabric may for example consist of glass fibers or a glass fiber mat.

In a further step, in order to increase the efficiency of the drive device, the resin or the potting compound, which are used to hold the individual winding wires, can also be mixed with a graphite powder or granules or with a ferromagnetic material and thus enriched.

In a further inventive step it is proposed that the permanent magnet systems used preferably consist of a magnetic material of the rare earths. These magnetic materials stand for high efficiency and guarantee high efficiency for such a drive device with the winding described above and a small, small air gap between the winding and the permanent magnets. The magnet material used is isotropic materials with an approximately linear characteristic in the second quadrant. Furthermore, materials can also be used in which the coercive field strength is substantially greater than the ratio of remanence to the magnetic field constant. Such materials are sintered or plastic bonded ferrites or rare earth magnets.

The rotor interacting with the winding constituting the stationary stator consists essentially of the permanent magnet systems, which are composed of a multiple pole length of alternating polarity (north / south) without iron in between. A pole length consists of several magnetized and arranged according to a specific scheme permanent magnets. The permanent magnets are arranged so that they have a directional, amplified, magnetic flux within a pole length at a pole face directed towards the winding. This also contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the drive device.

To achieve such an amplified magnetic directed flux, the pole length is sized to be a length of two equally long magnets plus a shorter magnet. Preferably, the length of the shorter magnet is dimensioned as half the length of the aforementioned equal length magnets.

In order to intensify the targeted direction of the magnetic flux even more, is directed to the pole face of the two magnets of equal length, another magnet, but only a small, preferably substantially the quarter height of the aforementioned magnets, pole height has. Consequently there is a pole length of preferably four magnets whose magnetization directions have been chosen so that an enhanced directional magnetic flux is present on the flat magnet and thus on its pole face. The different preferred magnetization is a so-called Halbach system. Such a Halbachmagnetsystem generates a particularly homogeneous magnetic field. In the case of the permanent magnet arrangement according to the invention, virtually every single permanent magnet thus receives a specific preferred magnetization direction. This results in a deviation from the homogeneity of the magnetic field generated in the winding due to the size of the individual magnets. In order to keep a deviation in the magnetic field as low as possible, it is therefore necessary to make a fine segmentation. Although this increases the production cost, but it creates a more homogeneous magnetic field.

The permanent single magnets are preferably made of isotropic permanent magnet material. Because the entire magnet system consists of a multiplicity of permanent magnet magnet systems arranged close to one another, it is necessary for the preferred magnetization direction also to vary locally within the individual segments.

The magnet material used is anisotropic materials with an approximately linear characteristic in the second quadrant. Furthermore, materials can also be used in which the coercive field strength is substantially greater than the ratio of remanence to the magnetic field constant.

Each pole length has a different alternating polarity, i. H. At each successive pole length, the North Pole and the South Pole alternate, the individual pole poles directly joining each other without gaps and intermediate poles of iron or the like.

On the opposite side (back to the pole face) of the individual magnets may be a ferromagnetic shield, which must have only a small thickness, since in this area no large magnetic flux is present, because a magnetic flux attenuation by the selected magnetic directions of the poles of single magnets is present. However, there may also be a magnetic inference.

In order to achieve a high efficiency of the assembled from different modules drive device, it is also necessary to use a control and regulation unit as a module, which is precisely matched to the winding and the cooperating permanent magnet systems. This reconciliation is achieved through the stored software which is reprogrammable for certain applications. For this purpose, specific parameters are changed in the open-loop and closed-loop control unit, which bring about a change or adaptation of the running behavior of the drive device in connection with the stored programs.

The control unit may be integrated as a module within the drive device, or be present as a module outside. Furthermore, an incremental encoder and a position measuring device can also be integrated as modules within the drive device so as to form a compact drive device.

In a preferred embodiment of a drive device should be the axis or shaft, which simultaneously simplifies the supply of electrical connections to the integrated control and regulating module at a hollow shaft. On the axis or shaft magnet holder are rotatably supported by appropriate storage, being located between the magnetic holders with the magnets already described before winding as a stationary disc winding. In such an embodiment, when the control unit is connected to a voltage source, the magnet holders would rotate about the axis. This has the consequence that the, for example, against each other screwed magnet holder can be used in a round shape on its peripheral surface as a drive surface. It is basically possible to use this round peripheral surface directly or form so that it is provided for example with a toothing. Such a toothing is suitable for driving, for example, a toothed belt or cooperating with a corresponding gear.

However, it is also possible to provide the peripheral surface with a friction lining, for example in the form of a rubber coating to realize a drive with the outer lining.

In a further embodiment, the peripheral surface may also have one or more depressions in which either belts run or these peripheral surfaces are used directly to effect, for example on rails or the like, the locomotion of the drive device.

In addition to the above-described universal executability of the directly produced modules for the magnet holder, it is possible that the magnet holder have a smooth, round peripheral surface and complete by corresponding modules, which are designed differently depending on the drive. Again, a smooth module or a module with a friction lining or a Gearing or depression come to the application. Are attached such, subsequently patched modules via appropriate screw, so that these modules can be changed quickly or assembled universally depending on the desired design of the drive device.

In a further preferred embodiment, the fixed shaft can also be provided with a corresponding flange, which makes it possible to force-fit and form-fit this flange to a stationary part in order to present a corresponding drive design over the peripheral surface of the drive device.

In a further preferred embodiment, the peripheral surface already described above can also be provided with transmissions of various designs, in order thus to effect a change in the rotational speed and thus at the same time adaptation of the torque to required designs.

In a further preferred embodiment can also laterally, that is, on one of the end faces and also on both end faces of the magnetic holder in rotation, each receive a transmission. Such a transmission may preferably be a planetary gear. In such a planetary gear, the ring gear would rotate as well as the sun gear.

In an embodiment in which a different planetary gear would be pre-flanged on both faces of the double existing magnetic holder, it would be possible that with such a drive device on each side different types of drives, that can be realized with different speeds.

In a further preferred embodiment, it is possible that the annular disk winding is mounted as a module so that it is fixed at its outer periphery within housing shells. Also in this case stands the winding. On the axis rotating in this embodiment, the magnet holders are fixed in an outer case so as to rotate the shaft by the magnetic forces generated by the application of the electric voltage to the coil.

Even with the embodiment described above, it is possible to place corresponding sensors or incremental encoders or position measuring devices as modules within the housing of the drive device.

In a further preferred embodiment, it is possible to set up, for example, a planetary gear on the axis described above, in which the sun gear is driven and thus there is a movement of the ring gear. Also in this case, the outer circumference of the ring gear, as already prepared in some previously described preferred embodiments with appropriate documents or constructive measures so that, for example, a friction lining or a toothing or the like are mounted.

In a further preferred embodiment, the shaft can be connected at the exiting end of the drive device with a worm drive or executed directly. The worm cooperates with a worm wheel and thus generates high torque at low speed, for example, on a driver mounted on the worm wheel off-axis.

It is understood that in a further preferred embodiment, on the axis of the drive device, a toothing can be present, which can be connected directly to a transmission module.

The above-described, not exhaustively enumerated possible designs for a comprehensive drive construction show that the most diverse combination of modular individual different modules in connection with basic modules, namely the winding and the magnet holders, a variety of drive devices can arise. Thus, in particular with the same drive design, it is possible to realize a drive both directly and indirectly over the axis, as well as on the peripheral surface.

The invention is reproduced below in the drawings with reference to schematic representations for various embodiments and examples of a modular drive concept.

It shows:

1 : A section through a drive device in a first preferred embodiment;

2 : as 1 with an integrated incremental encoder and a position measuring device;

3 a section of the peripheral region of the embodiments according to 1 and 2 with a toothing;

4 : as 3 but with a friction lining;

5 : as 3 but with a depression;

6 : an additional module for a drive type, which is based on the versions of the 1 and 2 can be set adaptively, with a depression;

7 : as 6 but with a friction lining;

8th : as 6 , but with a gearing

9 a further preferred embodiment with a mounting flange;

10 : as 9 but with a gear mounted by a lateral stop;

11 : Magnetic holders provided with return modules;

12 : as 11 but with a version of a mounted gearbox or gear module;

13 a further preferred embodiment with a split shaft and an attached module as a planetary gear;

14 a further preferred embodiment in which the axle rotates;

15 : as 14 , but with a superior planetary gear module;

16 : as 14 but with a worm drive;

17 : as 14 but with a transmission module;

18 an embodiment of a winding module;

19 a further preferred embodiment of a winding module;

20 a further preferred embodiment of a drive device;

21 a further preferred embodiment of a drive device;

22 a first possible embodiment of a structure of a pole length with a directional magnetic flux;

23 a second preferred embodiment of a magnet arrangement with a directed magnetic flux;

24 A preferred winding scheme for a winding.

In the 1 is a schematic representation of a possible first preferred embodiment of a drive device 1 in which only the elements relevant to the present invention have been reproduced.

On an axis 13 as a hollow shaft 7 is executed, is about bearings 5 . 6 a rotating area, namely consisting of magnetic holders 9 and 35 refer to. The magnet holders 9 and 35 are at their outer area by screwing 27 connected with each other. The magnet holders 9 and 35 are designed to be within pockets 4 Place embedded rare earth type permanent magnet systems in such a way that they do not leave their position even at high circumferential speeds. Between the permanent magnets 3 is over each lateral air gap 36 a winding 2 placed. The winding 2 is fixed to the axle 13 connected and in this embodiment is located between the axis 13 and the winding module 2 a module of a control unit 12 , The control unit 12 is using electrical energy via electrical connections 8th supplied, which in this embodiment of the 1 through the hollow shaft 7 be connected.

As illustrated by the foregoing description, the use of interchangeable modules, such as the magnetic holders 9 . 35 with the camps 5 . 6 and the winding 2 and the control unit 12 a drive device 1 created that is of the highest efficiency. In this case, rotate in this embodiment of the drive device 1 the magnets 3 around the axis 13 , This means that as an effective drive component a peripheral surface 28 that are on the outer surface 10 the magnet holder 9 . 35 is present. About this peripheral surface 28 can be operated a drive mode of different types. So can the peripheral surface 28 Depending on the application, they can be used directly for the drive. However, it is also possible, for example, according to a preferred embodiment of 3 To make this peripheral surface simultaneously so that, for example, a toothing 63 on the peripheral surface 28 and thus on the two symmetrically used magnetic holders 9 . 35 is available. Such a toothing 63 can by lateral drive fuses 16 be used in the form of webs, for example, for the use of a toothed belt or the like. However, it is also possible that this gearing 63 engages directly in other teeth and thus the drive device 1 becomes part of another drive concept.

In a further preferred embodiment is in the 4 the area of the peripheral surface 28 the drive device 1 differently designed. Within the peripheral area 28 is a depression 18 present, which serves a tread 17 , which is preferably made of plastic or a rubbery mixture to hold. The tread 17 has a tread on the outer periphery 19 , which is used to, for example, in the form of a Reibradantriebes the drive device 1 to use.

In a further preferred embodiment is in the 5 a further embodiment of the peripheral surface 28 played. In this embodiment, the peripheral surface 28 through a depression in the form of a tread 11 shown. Within this tread 11 For example, V-belts or the like can be inserted, so as to realize a drive. However, it is also possible that the drive device 1 directly with a track over the tread 11 communicates.

While in the embodiments of the 3 . 4 and 5 the magnet holders 9 and 35 , which are made equal, as special modules with a variety of peripheral surfaces 28 are equipped, there is another possibility in a further preferred embodiment, the drive device 1 also more universal to use. This is the one 6 in a further preferred embodiment. In the 6 is a drive module 37 shown, which is designed as a ring module. This ring module of the drive module 37 is on the peripheral surface 28 the drive device 1 set, leaving a connection area 29 an inner diameter of the drive module 37 with the peripheral surface 28 coincides. The drive module is connected 37 via mounting holes 23 that with appropriate tapped holes 22 in the magnet holder 9 for example, in a side surface 69 are present, match. The drive module 37 is equipped so that it has a tread on its circumference 11 having in the form of a recess or a depression, in analogous form to the 5 , is introduced. It is understood that the application in the same way as in the 5 you can see.

The 7 shows in a further preferred embodiment, a drive module 31 , in its basic version the drive module 37 corresponds, but the outer circumference through the tread 17 with the tread 19 has been completed, so as from the drive device 1 according to the embodiment of 4 also to provide a drive device that allows a friction wheel drive.

In a further preferred embodiment is in the 8th a drive module 32 reproduced that comparable in its scope with the execution of 3 is there a gearing here 15 for a toothed belt or the like is present.

The embodiments of the 6 . 7 and 8th show that the drive device 1 so universally designed that they are quite compatible with the replacement of the drive modules 31 . 32 and 37 be used for a wide variety of applications. It should be noted that in the drive modules 31 . 32 and 37 in the lateral flange 24 , in which also the mounting holes 23 are located, a section 30 is present, which is not absolutely necessary and can be omitted depending on the application. Only with the presence of the cutout 30 it is possible to connect to the hollow shaft 7 the axis 13 get hold.

While in the previous preferred embodiments, the outer part of the drive device 1 Reference has now been made, we now turn to the inner part of the drive device 1 to, according to the 2 with an incremental encoder 20 and / or a position measuring device 21 is provided. By integrating the incremental encoder 20 and the position measuring device 21 It is possible that when using the drive device 1 within a device always the exact position can be detected. It should be noted that within the winding 2 For example, Hall generators can be placed to act as sensors. Moreover, it is possible according to the invention, within the drive device 1 to place other sensors.

The signals from the sensors as well as the position measuring device 21 and the incremental encoder 20 be directly in the integrated control unit 12 the drive device 1 processed. The control unit 12 is designed so that it is designed for a wide variety of supply voltages. In addition, the control unit includes 12 at least one microprocessor with associated non-volatile memory. Within the memory, for example, start-up curves of the drive device 1 or braking phases of the drive device 1 be programmed accordingly. Furthermore, the control unit includes 12 a current limit, which can be fixed or programmable. The programming of the output torque, which is constant over the entire speed range of the drive device, can be influenced by programming. This means that at a low speed, a low consumption of electrical energy is also recorded. By making the consumption linear to Speed is, has the control unit 12 the possibility of free access to the entire range of torque due to appropriate programming. It is understood that a speed stabilization of the control unit 12 , depending on the desired programming, is possible, which means constant speed or even constant forces.

By programming the control unit 12 is it possible to have such a drive device 1 into different performance classes without having to change the corresponding hardware modules. It also shows that due to the special function of the structure of the drive device 1 this in conjunction with the control unit 12 has a low power loss. This means at the same time that such a drive device 1 has a high efficiency.

Above the control unit 12 is the winding 2 , This winding 2 can be positive and positive with the control unit 12 be connected directly, so that control unit 12 and the winding 2 represent a separate module and thus a simple replacement is possible. The winding 2 is proposed in a first preferred embodiment as Luftwicklung. To stabilize the individual winding wires they are baked together with a corresponding potting compound to form a compact module.

In a further preferred embodiment, it is possible that the winding 2 according to 18 with a fabric or with a fabric web 61 in the form, preferably of a glass fiber composite is provided at least on its outer surfaces. This fabric web becomes 61 integrated into the potting compound. The from the winding 2 outgoing winding connections 71 can both become a center 72 or to the outer edge of the winding 2 be guided. This is useful, depending on the application, to the connections 71 directly with the control unit 12 connect to. The winding 2 , it will be like that 18 shows, designed as a flat disc having a ring shape. By gluing with a suitable potting compound is the winding 2 self-supporting and can thus between the magnets 3 and the remaining air gap 36 be used in between. In all embodiments of the various drive devices shown here, it should be noted that the winding 2 always stands and does not rotate.

Furthermore, it is possible that the drive devices 1 . 34 . 36 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 . 79 . 80 from a single-phase network and the control unit 12 itself produces the desired multiphase, so as to achieve greater efficiency of the drive device.

It is also possible that the control unit 12 directly supplied with direct current.

So can different modules of the control unit 12 but it is also possible that only one control unit is used for any type of drive devices. Such a control unit 12 can either be reprogrammed or is able to handle all supply voltage types.

In a further preferred embodiment according to 19 can the module of the winding 2 in individual segments 77 . 78 be divided, with the number of segments 77 . 78 varies depending on the application. It is understood that the control unit 12 is designed to realize a segment-like control. For example, when starting the drive device 1 . 34 . 36 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 . 79 . 80 all segments 77 . 78 the winding 2 simultaneously activated, so as to realize a quick start. For example, when reaching a certain constant speed at different segments 77 . 78 For example, the control can be canceled. In such an approach, an individual adaptation to special uses is given.

In a further preferred embodiment of the 20 can in a drive device 80 also the power supply of the control unit 12 be performed by an inductive power transmission. In such a design is via the connections 76 leading to a transmission winding 74 lead, an AC voltage on, on or in the control unit 12 existing feed winding 75 inductively transmitted and thus becomes the control unit 12 electrically powered.

The 9 shows a further preferred embodiment in which the axis 13 a mounting flange in the form of a fastening module 25 having, in the corresponding mounting holes 26 available. So it is possible, for example, the drive device 1 to screw on a flat surface.

In a further preferred embodiment according to the 10 may be in continuation of the mounting module 25 a holder 38 be present, at which a transmission module 33 connected, which is geared to the peripheral surface 28 is in active connection. In this embodiment would due to the rotational movements of the magnet holder 9 . 35 The gearbox will be driven accordingly and due to its construction would be able to output through output shafts 40 or 41 to perform a direction reversal of the rotational movement. It turns out that even with a rotational movement of the drive device 1 quite a gear 33 on the circumference of the drive device 1 can be connected.

The 11 shows a measure to the magnetic forces of the permanent magnets 3 to increase. For this are behind the permanent magnets 3 Inference modules 39 in the form of a ferromagnetic material within the magnetic modules 9 and 35 taken in. Depending on the application, these inference modules can 39 be used.

The 12 shows in a further preferred embodiment, the application of a drive device 65 that is characterized by the use of a gearbox 73 that from the peripheral surface 28 is driven, excels. In this drive device 65 It is possible to achieve a reduction or reduction of the speed that is on the output shaft 42 of the transmission 73 is delivered. It also shows that the output axis 42 can also be arranged at another location, which is due to the design of the transmission.

In a further preferred embodiment according to the 13 becomes a drive device 64 presented on the left side of the 13 the drive device already described before 1 includes with its basic modules. By flanging a gear module 47 on the right side on the side surface 69 , the rotational movement becomes the magnet holder 9 and 35 in a rotational movement of an axis 48 converts that not with the axis 13 is in active connection. Here is the gear module 47 designed as a planetary gear. A ring gear 51 drives over its interlocking 62 planet 49 on, their rotation about a toothing 57 on a sun wheel 50 transfer that on the axis 48 sitting. The axis 48 is over camp 70 stored.

While in the foregoing preferred embodiments always the peripheral surface 28 the drive devices 1 . 64 and 65 was the driving force, then in the following embodiment of the 14 a drive device 34 reproduced, in which an axis 43 performs the rotational movement. The axis 43 is over camp 5 . 6 within housing halves 45 and 46 stored. On the axis 43 are non-positive and positive magnetic holders 44 attached, the basic structure from those of the previously described magnet holder 9 . 35 correspond, namely, that in them permanent magnets 3 in the pockets 4 are attached. It is understood that also in this embodiment, behind the magnet, the inference module 39 can be present.

The winding 2 is not on the axis in this case 43 but on the housing halves 45 . 46 attached. Again, there is a control unit 12 available. The winding 2 is in the embodiment of 14 directly at the control unit 12 attached. When energizing the winding 2 through the control unit 12 will the shaft due to the magnets 3 set in rotation. It is understood that even in such an embodiment of the drive device 34 the use of the incremental encoder 20 and the position measuring device 21 can be used.

In a further preferred embodiment of the 15 is the drive device described above 34 by completing with a planetary gear module 14 to another drive device 66 expanded. Here is the planetary gear module 14 on the axis 43 with his sun wheel 50 attached. In transfer of gearing 57 on the planets 49 with their teeth 62 grab these in the ring gear 51 one. In this case, the centric rotational movement of the axis 43 on the outer peripheral surface 53 of the ring gear 51 transferred so that the peripheral surface 53 can be used for drive use.

The embodiment of a preferred further embodiment of the 16 shows the axis 43 , whose exiting end of a drive device 67 with a snail 54 connected, wherein the worm with a worm wheel 55 engaged. A transmission module 68 consisting of the snail 54 and the worm wheel 55 Can be used to drive a low speed with a high power. For this example, on the worm wheel 55 a driver 57 to be available.

In a further preferred embodiment of the 17 becomes the axis 43 at its exiting end with a transmission module 60 connected, its gear 58 with a gear 59 is in operative connection and on the gearing 62 opened a drive option of any kind.

In a further preferred embodiment of a drive device 79 to 21 can in this drive device 79 in the center of a transmission, preferably a planetary gear to be integrated. Here are the magnet holder 44 provided with a larger through hole so that the ring gear 51 on its outer diameter, the magnet holder positively and positively absorbs. The toothing of the ring gear 51 combs with planets 49 on the sun wheel 50 with the axis 43 the Force transmitted and thus the axis 43 identify as drive axle.

Based on the abundance of various non-exhaustive examples described before, it turns out that the use of partially identical modules with other differently designed modules provides a concept for an electric drive device whose usability is not limited. In particular, through the integration of the control unit 12 , which through appropriate programming to an intelligent control unit 12 is, can a variety of drive devices 1 . 34 . 36 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 be created. It also shows that the individually vorzufertigenden modules in their production costs only lead to low costs.

It should also be noted that due to the high efficiency of the drive devices exemplified 1 . 34 . 36 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 With the smallest design a maximum of advantages is taken out.

To increase the power output, the drive devices 1 . 34 . 36 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 also several windings 2 and several magnet holders 1 . 34 . 35 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 have, then side by side, for example, on an axis 13 in a common housing with a single control unit 12 operate. It is understood that such a drive device 1 . 34 . 36 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 can be operated on a single-phase or multi-phase network.

In all illustrated embodiments of the drive devices 1 . 34 . 36 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 . 79 . 80 is also a packaging in the form of an outer housing has been omitted in the interests of clarity.

The stationary winding 2 is preferably designed as a meandering bifilar winding with multiple sections, so that a scalar field splitting is achieved by corresponding parallelism of the individual winding wires. By dividing the total winding into several sections or sections is a multi-phase operation of the drive device 1 possible. Furthermore, the individual sections or sections can be selectively controlled by a suitable control and regulating electronics. To get an effective yield of the winding 2 To achieve this is made of a multi-strand twisted strand. Although this increases the total resistance of the winding but also simultaneously reduces the unwanted eddy currents. The winding 2 of the stator is driven by the control and regulating electronics with an increased frequency, which in the design of the control and regulating electronics means that cheaper transistors can be used. The winding 2 is preferably made of copper wires, but can be replaced by aluminum wires, if the weight of the stator should play a role.

From the 24 may be a preferred winding scheme, for example, for a six-phase embodiment of a winding 2 be removed. This illustration of the winding scheme makes it clear that the individual windings have been produced in a meandering and bifilar manner, preferably using twisted strands. When considering, for example, a winding start 55 it becomes clear that in the upper and lower winding heads 56 . 57 there is a cancellation of the magnetic fields due to the arrangement of the individual strands. This also applies to the other illustrated winding beginnings 50 . 51 . 52 . 53 and 54 to, the total at the coil ends 58 . 59 . 60 . 61 . 62 . 63 end up. Furthermore, this representation of the 24 be taken that with the bifilar running single windings of the winding 2 the supply via the winding start 50 to 55 and the end point of the coil end 58 to 63 lying at one point. Likewise, the bifilarity results from the fact that the individual strands are virtually led back and back and not circulate once as usual. Such a structure results in a magnetic field of alternating polarity. The fields add up in the working gap of the electric machine and in the winding heads they cancel each other out. The efficiency is thereby increased. The individual wires or strands of the windings 2 are preferably held together by a fiber-reinforced plastic.

The permanent magnets 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 have been grouped into so-called pole lengths P _L , to which in the 22 will be received. It turns out that the permanent magnets 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 within a pole length P _{L have} a certain exact arrangement, the arrows used therein within the magnets 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 of the 22 to reproduce the magnetic flux and thus also a certain polarity (North Pole or South Pole). By a targeted magnetic field adjustment a directed field correction is made by means of certain magnetic magnetization directions. The individual permanent magnets 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 . 87 are equipped with different preferred magnetization directions. Almost half the height of a permanent magnet 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 or 87 there is an imaginary field axis. Starting from this field axis, a different magnetization changing in its direction is made, which extends approximately at 90 ° to the field axis. The magnetization changes due to the selected permanent magnet arrangement 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 . 87 for example, one at each of the individual magnets fixed angle degree. In such a field correction, the magnetic material is in addition to a certain magnetic directional orientation even more so geometrically composed that, for example, to the air gap 36 towards a magnetic flux gain and, for example, directed towards the shielding sheet, there is a flux weakening.

From the 22 can the arrangement of the permanent magnets 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 a first preferred embodiment. Such an arrangement of juxtaposed permanent magnets 81 . 82 and 84 is referred to as pole length P _L. This is shown by the permanent magnets 81 and 82 each have a length L ₁ and L ₂ . L ₁ is essentially equal to L _{2 in} terms of its dimensions. The permanent magnet 84 , next to the permanent magnet 82 in the embodiment of 22 is placed has a length L ₃ . The length L ₃ measures substantially half the length of L ₁ or L ₂ . Thus, the following statement results for the pole length P _L : P _L = L ₃ + L ₂ + L ₁ where L ₁ = L ₂
and L ₃ = ½L ₂
is.

P _H sets the pole height. The pole height P _H is approximately ½P _L in the preferred embodiment. P _H = ½P _L

Again 22 it can also be seen is another permanent magnet 83 present, extending over the lengths L ₁ + L _{2 of} the permanent magnets 81 and 82 extends. This permanent magnet 83 has a height H ₁ which measures approximately ¼ of the pole height P _H. H ₁ = ¼P _H

The height of the permanent magnets 81 and 82 plus the height H ₁ gives the P _H. The magnet 84 extends over the entire pole height P _H.

Thus, it turns out that a pole length P _L with a directed magnetic flux at the pole face 86 from the permanent magnets 81 . 82 . 83 and 84 in a first preferred embodiment of the 22 can exist. In order to achieve the directional magnetic flux, have the permanent magnets 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 a certain magnetization direction. This is indicated by the arrows within the 22 the individual permanent magnets 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 been presented. For example, the arrowhead with the south pole and the arrow end with the north pole has been designated. By such vector displacement of the magnetization in the individual strands of the targeted magnetic flux and thus a correction to a normal magnetization of the pole face 86 reached outgoing magnetic flux. There is almost an addition or targeted amplification or alignment of the individual magnetic fluxes. For example, the permanent magnet 84 has been magnetized in the direction of the pole length P _L. This magnetic flux is added to the approximately 45 ° extending magnetization directions of the permanent magnets 81 and 82 , By using the permanent magnet 83 is next to the magnetic field alignment of the magnets 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 at the same time an assembly aid in the assembly of the pole length P _L achieved.

The permanent magnets 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 can consist of a wide variety of permanent magnetic materials. The preferred material is the rare earth type with cobalt alloys, ceramic ferrite alloys and rare earth iron alloys besides neodymium-iron-boron alloys. So it turns out that the individual permanent magnets 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 not all of the same magnetic material, so in addition to a cost reduction and a better targeted magnetic flux at the pole face 86 to effect.

In a second preferred embodiment of the 23 is another preferred embodiment of an arrangement of permanent magnets 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 . 87 represented, in which the individual pole lengths P _L according to the 22 overlapping by another magnet 87 can be achieved, for example, the magnets 81 and 82 but extends across the next pole length P _L. By such an arrangement of the permanent magnet 87 becomes a further orientation of the magnetic flux towards the pole face 86 causes. The permanent magnet 84 acts as a Sperrpol because its magnetization direction is transverse. The height of the Sperrpoles 84 is about the height of the permanent magnet 87 reduced.

The pole length P _L in this embodiment is made up of the length of the magnets 81 . 82 . 83 and each half of the length of the magnet 87 who is from a pole center 89 extends from and one at the ends of the pole length P _L half length of the magnet 84 together.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

driving device

2

winding

3

magnet

4

bag

5

camp

6

camp

7

hollow shaft

8th

electrical connections

9

magnetic holder

10

outer surface

11

tread

12

Control / regulation unit

13

axis

14

Planetary gear module

15

gearing

16

Drive means assurance

17

Treads

18

deepening

19

tread

20

incremental

21

Position measuring device

22

threaded hole

23

mounting hole

24

flange

25

Retention module

26

mounting hole

27

screw

28

peripheral surface

29

interface

30

neckline

31

drive module

32

drive module

33

transmission module

34

driving device

35

magnetic holder

36

air gap

37

drive module

38

holder

39

Inference module

40

output shaft

41

output shaft

42

output shaft

43

axis

44

magnetic holder

45

housing half

46

housing half

47

transmission module

48

axis

49

planet

50

sun

51

ring gear

52

web

53

peripheral surface

54

slug

55

worm

56

takeaway

57

gearing

58

gear

59

tooth

60

transmission module

61

fabric web

62

gearing

63

gearing

64

driving device

65

driving device

66

driving device

67

driving device

68

transmission module

69

side surface

70

camp

71

winding connections

72

center

73

transmission

74

transmission winding

75

dining winding

76

electrical connections

77

winding segment

78

winding segment

79

driving device

80

driving device

81

magnet

82

magnet

83

magnet

84

magnet

85

winding head

86

pole

87

magnet

88

winding start

89

winding start

90

winding start

91

winding start

92

winding start

93

winding start

94

winding end

95

winding end

96

winding end

97

winding end

98

winding end

99

winding end

100

winding head

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 3231966 A1 [0003]
• DE 2931650 A1 [0004]
• DE 10335688 A1 [0005]
• DE 10208566 A1 [0006]

Claims (24)

Modular electric drive device for a slotless, brushless drive device composed of individual replaceable modules ( 1 . 34 . 36 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 . 79 . 80 ), which consist essentially of exchangeable modules, such as a winding ( 2 ), Permanent magnet systems ( 3 ), Magnetic holder ( 9 . 14 . 35 . 44 . 45 . 46 ), a conclusion module ( 39 ), a control unit ( 12 ), an incremental encoder ( 20 ), a position measuring device ( 21 ), an axis ( 13 . 43 . 48 ), a drive module ( 31 . 32 . 37 ), a fastening module ( 25 ) or a transmission module ( 33 . 47 . 60 ), wherein a substantially as a flat, annular disc formed self-supporting winding ( 2 ) and thus cooperating on both sides permanent magnet systems ( 3 ), the permanent magnet systems ( 3 ) made of permanent magnets ( 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 . 87 ) with a directly juxtaposed multiple pole length P _L composed of individual permanent magnets ( 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 . 87 ) with different preferred magnetization directions which are arranged within a pole length P _L such that at each pole face ( 86 ) produces a directional amplified, magnetic flux with alternating polarity, wherein the drive device has a constant torque over the entire speed range, and that the drive device ( 1 . 34 . 36 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 . 79 . 80 ) for a direct or indirect drive via an axle ( 13 . 43 ) or over a round peripheral surface ( 28 ) is usable. Modular electric drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive device ( 1 ) on its rotating peripheral surface ( 28 ) a gearing ( 63 ) or a tread ( 17 ) or a recessed tread ( 11 ) or with different, replaceable drive modules ( 31 . 32 . 37 ) or a transmission module ( 33 . 65 ) Is provided. Modular electric drive device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drive modules ( 31 . 32 . 37 ) on the magnetic holder ( 9 or 35 ), whereby the magnet holders ( 9 . 35 ) by means of screw connections ( 27 ) are mounted in mirror image against each other so that between the magnets ( 3 ) and the winding ( 2 ) an air gap ( 36 ) on each side of the winding ( 2 ) is available. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnet holders ( 9 . 35 ) with ball bearings ( 5 . 6 ), which are on the axis ( 43 ) to sit. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive module ( 32 ) with a toothing ( 63 ) Is provided. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive module ( 31 ) with a tread ( 17 ), preferably a tread ( 19 ), which consists of a rubber coating, is equipped. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive module ( 37 ) a recessed tread ( 11 ) having. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnet holders ( 9 . 35 . 44 ) with inference modules ( 39 ) behind the magnets ( 3 . 4 ) are equipped. Modular electrical drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole length P _L consists of a length L _{1 of} the magnet ( 81 ) plus a length L _{2 of} the magnet ( 83 ) plus a length L _{3 of} the magnet ( 84 ), wherein the length L _{1 of} the magnet ( 81 ) substantially equal to the length L _{2 of} the magnet ( 83 ) and the length L _{3 of} the magnet ( 84 ) substantially equal to half a length L ₁ or L ₂ . Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole length P _L from the length of the magnets ( 81 . 82 . 83 ) and at the ends of each half a length of the magnets ( 84 ) and ( 87 ) consists. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pole height P _{H of} the permanent magnets ( 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 ) substantially half of the pole length P _L measures the permanent magnet ( 83 ) substantially the total length of the permanent magnets ( 81 ) and ( 82 ) corresponds. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height H _{1 of} the permanent magnet ( 83 ) substantially measures a quarter of the pole height P _H , and that the height of the permanent magnets ( 81 . 82 ) measures substantially three-quarters of the pole height P _H , and that the permanent magnet ( 84 ) extends over the entire pole height P _H or the height of the permanent magnet ( 87 ) is reduced. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Permanent magnets ( 81 . 82 . 83 . 84 . 87 . 88 ) at the pole face ( 86 ) opposite side have a ferromagnetic shield or a conclusion. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding ( 2 ) consists of individual, twisted strands wound in a bifilar and at the same time meandering manner such that a scalar field splitting or scalar vector tilting of the magnetic flux of the winding ( 2 ) is achieved, the bifilarity is not carried out in opposite directions and are connected in series in the same direction. Modular electrical drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical supply of the control unit ( 12 ) through the axis ( 13 ) via connections ( 8th ) or realized by the housing. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that in or on the control and regulation unit ( 12 ) or in or on the winding ( 2 ) a position measuring device ( 21 ), which is equipped with an incremental encoder ( 20 ) located in or on the magnetic holders ( 3 . 35 . 44 ) cooperates. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnet holder ( 9 ) or ( 35 ) an outer side surface ( 69 ) to which a transmission module ( 47 ) is flanged, which is preferably designed as a planetary gear module and whose axis ( 48 ) the output axis of the drive device ( 64 ). Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft ( 43 ) with a planetary gear module ( 14 ) whose ring gear ( 51 ) a peripheral surface ( 53 ) used for driving or the like. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive device ( 67 ) on his wave ( 43 ) a transmission module ( 68 ), which consists of a screw ( 54 ) and a worm wheel ( 55 ), preferably with a driver ( 56 ) exists. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding ( 2 ) with a potting compound and a fabric web ( 61 ), wherein the fabric web ( 61 ) consists of glass fibers or the like. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the potting compound is mixed with a graphite powder or granules or with a ferromagnetic material. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control and regulation unit ( 12 ) comprises at least one microprocessor and at least one non-volatile memory, which is preferably formed an EEprom, and that in the at least one memory different programs are stored. Modular electrical drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that, to increase the drive power, a plurality of windings ( 2 ) and magnet holders ( 9 . 35 . 34 ) coaxial to the axis ( 13 ) are arranged. Modular electric drive device according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive device ( 1 . 34 . 36 . 64 . 65 . 66 . 67 . 79 . 80 ) can be operated on a single-phase or multi-phase network.

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