DE19931231A1 - Structured module for the construction of a cellar/basement has prefabricated upper and lower blocks of reinforced concrete to be fitted together with a seal between them - Google Patents

Abstract

The structured block unit (10), for the construction of basements and cellars, has an upper block structure (2) of reinforced concrete with a cover section (20) and surrounding walls (21). It is positioned over a lower block structure (1), with a base section (11) and surrounding walls (12). Both blocks (1,2) have the same shape and dimensions in plan, so that the upper edges of the lower block (1) match the lower edges of the upper block (2), to be mated together. A seal is between the two blocks (1,2).

Description

Background of the Invention

The present invention relates to blocks made of reinforced concrete for Construction of a foundation or a substructure or a basement or base schosses, which (s) as a habitable space or a storage or storage space can be used, as well as on manufacturing processes to Transport and installation on site of blocks made of reinforced concrete.

In recent years there has been a growing tendency to or to build basements in ordinary houses to restrict Use building sites efficiently. A known method for a basement or Local basement construction involves the steps of building Forms or casings in which concrete is poured, an arrangement of reinforcing bars in the molds, pouring concrete into the Forming and a subsequent hardening of the concrete, this being a long  Time required. The known method of a basement or As described above, basement construction is very complicated and requires not only a considerable amount of work and costs, but also one long completion time. To date, such restrictions have Spread of basement or basement structures prevented.

For example, to avoid the above problem, disclose Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications No. 3-76933, 8-92973 and 8-92974 so-called unit type basement structures, which in one Factory can be mass-produced. According to the Disclosure of these publications become basement or basement floor blocks made of reinforced concrete with standardized dimensions for ease Made in one factory for transportation and handling. This Concrete blocks are transported to a building site and placed next to each other arranges and interconnects in an already excavated pit, to form a complete basement or basement unit. There this method meets the requirement for pouring or pouring concrete on site and avoids the associated work, it is possible to construct reduce costs and shorten the time to complete.

In the unit type basement structure, which in the Japanese, Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-76933, each Basement unit by connecting a plurality of vertical cuts NEN concrete blocks formed. A big problem with this structure is Schwie penetration of groundwater through vertical connections between to avoid neighboring concrete blocks.

An approach which is in the structure according to this patent publication used to solve this problem is as follows. Each of the box or box-like concrete blocks is formed with holes, which are along its four corners for passing wires or cables through it extends. After placing the concrete blocks side by side with intermediate sealing elements, cables or wires through the Holes from one extreme end of the basement unit to the other passed through and tensioned to securely hold the individual concrete blocks, which prevents water from entering through the connections between the neighboring concrete blocks is avoided.

Providing such holes for the insertion of the cables for the Joining the multitude of concrete blocks, however, becomes a new problem bring increased production costs with it. In addition, the  stretch the cables connecting the concrete blocks or over a long period of time corrode, this in a reduction in their holding force and possibly penetration of water through gaps between the individual Concrete blocks are formed, results.

In Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-92973 and 8-92974 is each basement unit in smaller concrete blocks than those described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-76933 are divided. During block connections under Use of metallic connectors, which in the individual Concrete blocks are embedded (especially in patent publication no. 8-92973), instead of the cables being achieved, these structures show the same thing Problem of groundwater intrusion like the basement unit of the Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-76933.

Furthermore, the basement unit structures of the Japanese, non- examined patent publications Nos. 8-92973 and 8-92974 adversely by Provision of a shortened construction period because the floor or the Foundation of the basement unit using a known one Construction site arrangement or application method of concrete is formed.

In addition, the above patent publications are single Lich on the construction of a single basement or basement room teaches without a concept for the production of basement rooms to reveal different forms, which may be due to combination of several basement units could be realized. The Japan niche, unexamined patent publication No. 4-44526, on the other hand, discloses a design process for the production of several basement or sub storey spaces by assembling pre-cast or pre-formed Concrete slabs on site. The method according to this patent publication however, requires fairly complicated on-site or on-site installation work Construction site, which makes it difficult the construction or construction period To shorten.

One approach to solving the problem above would be several basement rooms by arranging a variety of basement units witness, which are already connected side by side in an underground area are. However, this would bring with it a new problem that rainwater or groundwater into the interior of the basement or basement Connections between door openings in the adjacent basement bullet units can penetrate. The side by side  lap units could be against each other by providing sealing elements between adjacent basement units and connecting them with Ropes or using bolts and nuts or tie rods be saved to column between these in an attempt to pro this to solve problems, to avoid. Even if such measures are taken but is of connections between neighboring sub Missile units are expected to loosen and that gaps between this can occur after a longer period of time, this being the case can also cause water to penetrate. The above approach to that Construction of several basements using already interconnected basement units is therefore of a long-term Not satisfactory point of view.

To solve the above problem, the applicant of the present Er structure blocks according to the invention for building a basement or substructure or cellar structure as follows and method according to the invention developed for the manufacture and installation on site of the basement structure (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-96105). The invention structure block is designed such that a basement unit by stacking or arranging at least one upper structural block Reinforced concrete, which only has surrounding walls, on the top a lower structural block made of reinforced concrete, which has a floor section and surrounding walls and has the same shape as the lower one Has structural block in plan view, so that the upper end surface of the lower structure block and the lower end surface of the upper structure block are kept in contact with each other, and being a sealing member is placed between the upper and lower end surfaces. Such Structural blocks have the advantage of shortening the construction time for the basement, while the penetration of Rainwater and groundwater in the basement is avoided, and an advantage of preventing rainwater from entering and Groundwater in the basement through the connections between the door opener on the case that a variety of basement structure blocks are interconnected. This approach is effective in solving the corresponding problems mentioned above.

However, this basement structure includes the one with a floor formed, lower structure block and the upper structure block, which none Ceiling and has an open top surface when in the floor  is arranged. Accordingly, on-site work is necessary to do this Close opening.

Taking into account the above, be in the prior art problems is an object of the present invention, a subs lap or basement structure, which further a construction time for a Basement by reducing the number of work steps on the Construction site can shorten and the penetration of rainwater or Groundwater through connections between door openings in the event that a large number of basement structures connected side by side can be avoided, as well as methods of manufacture, for transport and for installation on site of the basement structure blocks put.

Accordingly, a first aspect of the invention is directed to a basement or basement structure, comprising: a lower structural block made of reinforced concrete with a bottom section and surrounding walls; and at least one upper structural block made of reinforced concrete with surrounding walls and a section of ceiling and the same shape as the lower structure Turblock in plan view, with the upper structural block on the top of the lower structural blocks is stacked or arranged, with a sealing ment between the upper end of the lower structural block and the lower End of the upper structural block is arranged, whereby a basement or basement unit is formed, the upper end of the lower Structural blocks is stepped or stepped over its wall thickness and that lower end of the upper structural block corresponding to its wall thickness is graduated or offset, creating the upper end of the lower structure blocks engages with the lower end of the upper structural block or cooperates.

Furthermore, a second aspect of the invention is a method for Production of a basement unit directed, comprising the steps of a Stacking or setting up from at least one upper structural block Reinforced concrete with surrounding walls and a section of ceiling on the upper side of a lower structural block made of reinforced concrete with a floor section and surrounding walls and the same shape as the upper structural block in Top view, with a sealing element between the upper end of the lower Structure blocks and the lower end of the upper structure block arranged becomes.  

According to the above basement structure and its manufacture Each basement unit is divided into separate blocks a lower structure block and at least one upper structure block Reinforced concrete, divided. The basement unit of this structure can be in one Factory manufactured even if it is a structure with large ab measurements, this results in a considerable reduction of Kon construction costs on site or at the construction site compared to known ones Basement construction techniques result in which the entire Basement or basement structure is produced on site.

Since further the sealing element between the upper end and the the lower end of the corresponding, separate structural blocks is arranged, seals a connection area between the structure blocks, with the top structure block on top of the bottom structure block is arranged or erected, whereby the penetration of groundwater in the basement or the basement is avoided.

In the case of a known basement structure, which runs along a ver tical level is divided into a variety of structural blocks by cables or the like. Secured or fixed to securely hold the sealing element. This however, results in increased construction costs and a disadvantage that a reliable sealing effect due to a reduced clamping force, which cannot be caused by stretching and / or corrosion of the cables can be obtained. In contrast, the sealing element is constant by the weight of the upper structural block according to the present invention manure pressed. This makes tensioning the cables or the like in contrast not necessary to the prior art, which leads to a reduction in the Construction costs contribute, and constantly and safely prevents the on penetrate from groundwater into the basement.

In addition, the basement structure already with the ceiling if it is installed in the ground, this avoids that Requirement for such work on site or on the construction site, such as the An order of beams at the top of the top structural block to support the to close the upper opening of the basement unit, reducing the cost of the work on site can be reduced.

Then there is the upper end of the lower structural block and the lower one End of the upper structure block with stepped or stepped areas are formed, which can be brought into engagement with one another or together the upper and lower structural blocks can be securely positioned  and the horizontal shifting of the same can effectively ver be prevented. In that the upper and lower stepped sections have a slight play in the horizontal direction, the graded Areas with an increased degree of freedom engaged with each other become. This allows dimensional errors of the upper and lower structure blocks and enables fine adjustment in a built-up or on top of each other ordered state. Therefore, the top and bottom structure blocks be made easier and there will be construction on site for the basement bullet easier.

The sealing element is preferably made of rubber. Because rubber has excellent flexibility and waterproofing properties Connection area between the upper and lower structure blocks securely be kept waterproof.

A waterproofing treatment is preferably in addition to one or both of the inner and outer wall surfaces of the basement applied.

In this basement structure, groundwater can enter the basement through the surrounding walls through the waterproofing action can be avoided.

Preferably, the upper and lower structural blocks are made of concrete with a compressive strength of at least 210 kgf / cm ² and the bottom portion of the lower structural block and the surrounding walls of the lower and upper structural blocks have a thickness of at least 150 mm.

In this basement structure, the basement itself has one sufficiently high strength or firmness if this by installing the Basement unit is installed in the floor, and the upper end of the sub floor unit can be used as a foundation for a building to be built at ground level Serve buildings.

The concrete is preferably mixed with a waterproofing additive.

By a basement structure made of such a concrete can the penetration of water through the surrounding walls can be prevented. Preferably, each of the lower and upper structural blocks is 2.5 to 3 m wide, 0.8 to 1.6 m high and 2.5 to 9 m long.

The structural blocks having the above dimensions are for a production, promotion, handling and transport suitable. In particular in particular, they can be used on public roads using a special whose motor vehicle are transported if the basement structure of  a factory is transported to a construction site, where the basement con is structured or built.

The lower structural block preferably comprises an upper cutout, which by cutting out an area of a flat part of the surrounding walls is formed by its upper end, and it includes the upper structure block a lower cutout corresponding to the upper Aus cut, with the lower and upper cutouts forming an opening when the upper structure block is arranged on the top of the lower structure block is net, wherein a first, surrounding recess or recess, which has its floor facing the outside of the surrounding walls, in the inner surface of the opening, and a second one to giving indentation or recess which its bottom to the outside of the surrounding walls facing the inner surface of the first, surrounding recess is formed.

With this basement structure, a door opening, which one Access between two basement units is provided by An Order of the one and the other basement units side by side achieved in such a way that the openings face each other. At this door opening is a narrow groove through the first, surrounding or enclosing Deepening of the corresponding basement units formed and it is a wide groove formed by the second, surrounding depressions thereof. Therefore, groundwater can enter the basement units through the openings of the corresponding basement units Applying or applying a potting compound, d. H. a process of an on bringing ready-mixed concrete or ready-mixed concrete (e.g. water pointing mortar) into the wide groove after fitting the sealing element into the narrow groove can be prevented.

Metal parts, which are in one piece with reinforcing bars, are preferred or reinforcement bars, which are in the upper and lower structural blocks are arranged on the lower end of the upper structural block and the provided the upper end of the lower structural block and it will be the Metal parts, which belong to the upper and lower structural blocks, with connected to each other when the top structural block is on top of the lower structure blocks is arranged or stacked.

In the above basement structure, the basement unit is in one single or one-piece unit by connecting the metal elements of the lower structure blocks formed with those of the upper structure block.  

Accordingly, this basement unit is enabled, a higher shear resistance and bending resistance to one in the horizontal direction have acting force, which is certainly an undesirable event prevents the upper and lower structural blocks from each other be separated. Therefore, the top structure block does not become horizontal Direction shifted from the lower structure block during an earthquake ben, with the result that the basement structure an excellent Erd quake safety or resistance.

Preferably in the method according to the second aspect of the invention the lower structural block by arranging reinforcing bars in a first shape, the recess or cavity of which is the same three-dimensional nale shape as the lower structural block, and introducing delivery Concrete or ready-mixed concrete is made in the first form and it becomes the upper one Structure block by arranging reinforcing bars in a second form, whose recess or cavity has the same three-dimensional shape as the has upper structural block, and placing ready-mixed concrete in the second Shape.

According to this method, the corresponding construction or structure door blocks are made by pouring ready-mixed concrete into the molds. In particular The lower structural block can be easily removed because of the shape Bottom facing upwards.

A third aspect of the invention is a method of transporting the lower and upper structural blocks of the basement unit according to claim 6 directed, comprising the steps: Rotate each structural block by 90 ° so that its longer side wall becomes parallel to a horizontal plane; Assembly each structural block in a protective frame or structure; and loading from common to each structural block mounted in a frame on one vehicle with a pallet, which is arranged such that a space between a loading surface of the same and the road surface 30 cm exceeds while fixed on the vehicle.

According to this transportation method, the height and width of the Load on a special transport vehicle within areas in Compliance with road traffic laws and regulations Turn the structural block 90 ° so that it lies on its side, which results in the individual structural blocks on public roads can be promoted. In addition, the structure block can be in front of a  Shock stress during transport by mounting in a frame or frame are protected.

The frame preferably comprises a support plate for Support each structural block and a frame, which is placed over each the support plate arranged structure block is fixed, and the frame can be firmly attached to the support plate while it is over the structure block is set.

With such a frame, the structural block can pass through the frame Arrange the frame over the structure block after arranging it the support plate and subsequent, firm connection of the support plate and of the frame. In this way, the structure block can easily be placed in the Frame can be mounted.

The transport method preferably further comprises the step of Unloading the structural block mounted in the frame or superstructure, the The end of step comprises: lifting the frame which is the structural block holds in an inclined position using a lifting or crane contraption; Lowering the frame onto a load-bearing device, which swivels on a horizontal shaft to pick up the floor end of the frame is supported; and placing the rack on its side by tilting or swiveling the load-bearing device around the hori zonal wave.

According to this method, a shock is applied to the structure frame containing block acts during unloading, by the load taking device are damped.

A fourth aspect of the invention is directed to a method of installing the Basement structure directed according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprises send the steps: excavate a vertical pit or recess in the Floor which can accommodate at least one lower structural block; Form a stone foundation by arranging crushed stones at the bottom of the pit or recess; Arranging the lower structure block, which is raised with its bottom side down, on the Stone foundation; and placing the top structural block on top of the lower structural block, the sealing element between the upper End of the lower structure block and the lower end of the upper structure Turblocks is arranged, whereby the sealing element connects seals between the upper and lower structural blocks.  

According to this installation procedure, the basement in the vertical pit by arranging the corresponding structural blocks above each other trained in the vertical pit. Because the crushed stones underneath the lower structural block are arranged when the basement is out is formed, the bottom of the lower structural block can be uniform or flat be supported by this stone foundation. Then there is the verb area between the upper and lower structural blocks through the the sealing element arranged between them is sealed, the on penetrate from groundwater into the basement through the connection be changed.

The installation process preferably further comprises the step of Attach a waterproof lining from the inside of the Basement unit in the connection area between the upper and lower structural blocks, where the sealing element is arranged.

According to this method, the connection area between the upper and lower structural blocks not only through the sealing element, but also sealed by the waterproof lining. That can penetration of groundwater into the basement through the connection be prevented even more safely.

The installation process can further include the step of inserting a predetermined number of friction piles in the bottom of the pit Placing the lower structural block therein.

According to this procedure, there is a strong foundation on the ground the vertical pit by driving the friction piles into them can be, the basement has an improved resistance to Earthquakes and the basement supported by the friction piles structure can serve as a stable foundation for a building to be built at ground level Serve buildings.

A fifth aspect of the invention is directed to a method of installing the Basement structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, which the steps include: excavating a vertical pit or recess in the Floor which can at least accommodate the foundation plate; Arrange a concrete foundation slab on the bottom of the vertical pit; Arrange of spacers, which are formed by elastic elements on the Foundation plate at predetermined intervals to support the lower one Structure blocks; Arranging mixed mortar, which by mixing or Kneading of cement and sand is formed on the foundation plate in the  same thickness to the extent that the spacers are covered, whereby a layer of mixed mortar is formed; Arrange the lower one Structural blocks on the layer of mixed mortar; and arranging the upper structure block on top of the lower structure block, the Sealing element between the upper end of the lower structural block and the lower end of the upper structure block is arranged, whereby the Sealing element a connection area between the upper and lower Seals structural blocks.

According to this method, the lower structural block can be replaced by a Variety of spacers on the foundation plate by arranging the lower structural blocks on the bottom of the vertical pit after training the layer of mixed mortar arranged on the foundation plate become. The variety of spacers, which are made of elastic elements are made elastic by the weight of the lower structure blocks compressed or deformed. In this state, the layer of mortar also compressed, which makes their thickness dependent on the unevenness the foundation plate and the bottom surface of the lower structural block changes. This results in the layer of mortar between the top of the floor area of the lower structural block and the upper surface of the foundation plate while holding dimensional errors of the foundation plate and the lower structure blocks compensated. By leaving in for a long time the layer of mixed or kneaded absorbs this state Mortar moisture in the soil, this being the implementation of a special chemical reaction. This solidifies the mortar layer, thereby causing a Foundation in line with the bottom surface of the lower structure to form turblocks.

By forming the foundation with mixed or kneaded mortar in this way, the work of forming the foundation becomes easier compared to a case in which precast concrete is poured in, and the weight of the basement structure through the floor or sub-floor over the foundation plate are recorded, which prevents the occurrence of a disadvantage or inconvenience that the basement structure tilts due to an unbalanced load. A sixth aspect of the invention is directed to a method of installing the basement structure according to claim 7, comprising the steps:
Arranging two lower structural blocks on the bottom of a vertical pit or recess next to one another so that the upper cutouts thereof are directed towards one another; Placing the upper structural blocks on top of the corresponding lower structural blocks so that the lower cutouts thereof face each other; Fitting the sealing element into a narrow groove, which is formed by a pair of first, surrounding recesses of a formed door opening; and filling water-repellent mortar into a wide groove formed by a pair of second surrounding recesses in the door opening.

According to this method, the door opening, which by arranging of the two basement units directly next to each other in the vertical Pit is formed twice by the sealing element, which in the narrow groove is fitted, which in the inner surface of the door opening is formed, and by the filled in the wide groove, water-repellent sealed the mortar. In this way, the entry of groundwater into the Basement units through the openings of the corresponding basement lap units can be prevented safely.

Preferably, the above installation methods further include the Step of attaching cross head beams to the upper ends of the surrounding walls.

According to this procedure, since a building is upside down beams can be built, the basement unit as a foundation for one serve building to be built at ground level.

Preferably, the installation methods further include one Placing the basement unit on the bottom of the vertical pit step an arrangement of a surrounding foundation, in which reinforcement bars or reinforcement bars at the top of the vertical pit are arranged so that the inner surface thereof in contact with the outer surface of the basement unit is held.

According to this method, a soil or earth pressure, which is the basement unit will act through the surrounding foundation, which surrounds the basement unit, balanced. Especially if one Pillar or pile foundation and / or a beam foundation around the sub floor unit is provided, the weight of one acts on this funda ment of the building on the basement unit as earth pressure. The surrounding foundation, however, blocks the earth pressure exerted around there by reducing its influence on the basement unit. Accordingly can be a disadvantage or inconvenience of a wasteful ge  of the building site by strengthening the walls of the basement unit, applying rams to the bottom of the pile foundation or Carrier foundations and further an arrangement of a floor section (floor plate) of the building foundation in a position at a distance from the base lap unit can be avoided.

Furthermore, depending on the situation, this can be done at ground level built buildings are supported by the surrounding foundation, which means that the foundations, including the basement unit, act as a mat foundation.

Preferably, the above method further comprises the steps of Embedding a predetermined number of anchor elements, which after outside by a predetermined distance in areas of the basement unit protrude according to the surrounding foundation, and an arrangement of the surrounding foundation with arranged anchor elements and loading reinforcement bars.

According to this procedure, the surrounding foundation and the Basement unit fixed by arranging the anchor elements and the Reinforcing bars connected. This will be the case even if a building on the surrounding foundation is built, the weight of the building which is on the surrounding foundation works, both through the floor surface of the Basement unit as well as through the floor surface of the surrounding Foundations supported. As a result, the building is more secure supports and it is made possible that this has a better resilience against earthquakes.

A seventh aspect of the invention is directed to a method for installing the basement structure according to claim 7, comprising the steps:
Digging a vertical pit in the ground, which can accommodate at least two lower structural blocks; Placing a concrete foundation slab on the bottom of the vertical pit; Arranging spacers, which are formed by elastic elements, on the foundation plate at predetermined intervals for supporting the lower structural block and then arranging mixed mortar, which is produced by kneading or mixing cement and sand, on the foundation plate to the same thickness in an extent that the spacers are covered, forming a layer of mixed mortar; Placing one of the lower structural blocks on the mixed mortar layer; Disposing one of the upper structural blocks on top of the lower structural block, the sealing member being disposed between the upper end of the lower structural block and the lower end of the upper structural block, thereby forming a first basement unit; Attaching a surrounding sealing member to the outer wall surface of the first basement unit around its opening; and subsequently arranging the other lower and upper structural blocks, the sealing member being positioned between the upper end of the lower structural block and the lower end of the upper structural block to form a second basement unit so that the opening of the second basement unit is flush with that of the first basement unit is arranged and the surrounding sealing element is held firmly between the first and second basement units.

According to this method, the surrounding sealing member in the opening Solutions of the first and second basement units elastic under pressure deformed, being firmly between the first and second basements units is held. Therefore, the occurrence of ground water or the like in the basement is safely prevented through the corresponding openings become.

These and other objectives, features, and advantages of the present Invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description exercise and become clearer from the attached drawings.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view, partially cut away, illustrating an embodiment of a basement or basement unit according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the basement unit of Fig. 1 in its assembled state;

FIGS. 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views illustrating the stepped ends of the lower and upper structural blocks, it too was immediately before the upper structure block is placed on the lower structural block, and showing a state after the upper structure block on the lower Structure block was arranged;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional views illustrating the production of a basement unit, in which Fig. 4A shows a state after the ready-mixed concrete into a mold for the lower structure block is already arranged steel reinforcement or amplification was poured, and wherein Fig. 4B shows a state after ready-mixed concrete has been poured into a mold for the upper structural block with steel reinforcement or reinforcement already arranged therein;

Figs. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing the lower set and the upper block structure to the side;

, as each structural block raised by a lifting arm to FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating an example of a För Dern of the individual structural units, wherein, FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B shows one of the structural blocks formed by a conveyor C is promoted;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a frame supporting a block;

, the Figs. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing preparatory work illustrate for loading each structural block, wherein, FIG. 8A as a loaded with a structural block rack base lifted by a hook of a crane, and Fig. 8B shows a state after the rack base was placed on a transport pallet by the crane;

Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating how a rack frame is mounted on a rack base;

FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating how the mounted in the frame structure block is loaded on a transport vehicle, FIG. 10A shows a state after the motor vehicle of the transport pallet lying on the ground has approached, and wherein Fig. 10B shows a state after the structural block mounted on the frame has been loaded on the loading surface of the motor vehicle together with the pallet;

Fig. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along lines AA of Fig. 10A;

Fig. 12 is a side view of a load bearing mounting frame which is placed on the floor when the structural block is unloaded from the vehicle;

FIGS. 13A to 13C are diagrams illustrating an operation of unloading of the structural block containing frame, FIG. 13A shows a state in which the frame of the structural block containing is lifted by a crane hook, in which Fig. 13B shows a state in which the frame raised by the crane hook is tilted, and Fig. 13C shows a state in which the frame raised by the crane hook has been placed on the load-bearing mounting frame;

Fig. 14 is an exploded perspective view showing a lower floor structure with two spaces according to a second embodiment of the invention, in which a second basement unit immediately adjacent a first basement unit is installed;

Fig. 15 is a perspective view showing the two-room basement structure in which the second basement unit is installed adjacent to the first basement unit;

Fig. 16 is a vertical sectional view taken along lines BB of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which a cross beam is placed on the top of the completed two-room basement structure of the second embodiment;

Fig. 18 is a perspective view illustrating a modification of the two-room basement structure according to the second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 19A and FIG. 19B are diagrams illustrating a method of an installation site for the modification of the second embodiment, FIG, FIG. 19A as a second, lower structural block of a second basement structure block adjacent to an already installed, the first basement Structure block is lowered, and Fig. 19B shows the lowered second lower structure block;

is FIGS. 20A and 20B are diagrams showing the method of installation on site or on the site of the modification of the second embodiment, wherein Fig. 20A shows how a second, upper structure block on the second lower structural block lowered , and where Fig. 20B shows how the second upper structure block is placed on the second lower structure block;

Fig. 21 is an exploded perspective view, partially cut away, showing a third embodiment of the basement structure block according to the invention;

Fig. 22 is a perspective view, partially cut away, according to the invention which shows the third embodiment of the basement structure block, an upper block structure is arranged on a lower structural block;

FIGS. 23A and 23B are cross-sectional views showing the stepped ends of the upper and lower structural blocks, Fig. 23A shows a state immediately before the upper structural block is placed on the lower structural block, and FIG. 23B shows a state after the upper structure block was placed on the lower structure block;

FIGS. 24A and 24B are cross-sectional views illustrating how a lower floor unit is made, in which FIG. 24A shows a state after finished concrete was poured into a mold for the lower structural block with integrally therein arranged reinforcement or reinforcements, and wherein Fig. 24B shows a state after ready-mixed concrete has been poured into a mold for the upper structural block with reinforcements or reinforcements already arranged therein;

Fig. 25 is a side view in section of a surrounding foundation for explaining a second embodiment of the method for on-site installation according to the invention;

Fig. 26 is a plan view of the surrounding foundation for the esterification Erläu the second embodiment of the construction site installation method according to the invention;

Fig. 27 is a south-side view of a house to which the sub-floor structure block according to the invention has been applied;

Fig. 28 is a floor plan of the ground floor of the house shown in Fig. 27;

Fig. 29 is a perspective, partial sectional view of the basement shown in Fig. 27;

Fig. 30 is a sectional side view showing a foundation structure and block arrangement work; and

Figure 31 is a top view of a pit in which the structural blocks have been placed.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention

Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway view of structural blocks for building a basement according to a first embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the structural blocks of Fig. 1 in their assembled state. As can be seen from these figures, a basement or basement unit 10 comprises, as essential or principal elements, a lower structural block 1 , which forms a lower half of the basement or basement unit 10 , and an upper structural block 2 , which forms its upper half. Shaped in a rectangular shape in plan view, the lower structural block 1 has a floor section or area (floor section) 11 , which is formed on the floor, and surrounding walls 12 , which extend from all sides of the base or floor section 11 extend above.

The bottom portion 11 also has a rectangular shape in the top view, as shown. The surrounding walls 12 of the lower structural block 1 include a pair of short side walls 13 formed vertically on the opposite short sides of the bottom portion 11 and a pair of long side walls 14 vertically formed on the opposite long sides of the bottom portion 11 . The top of each surrounding wall 12 is formed such that it has a stepped end 15 , which has an outer, lower end portion 15 a and an inner, higher end portion 15 b.

Constructed with the same rectangular shape and dimension as the lower structural block 1 in plan view, the upper structural block 2 has surrounding walls 21 , which comprise a pair of short side walls 22 corresponding to the short side walls 13 and a pair of long side walls 23 corresponding to the longitudinal side walls 14 . The bottom of each surrounding wall 21 is formed to have a stepped or stepped end 24 which cut an outer, lower or lower Endab 24 a, which corresponds to the lower end portion 15 a of each surrounding wall 12 , and an inner, has higher end portion 24 b, which corresponds to the higher end portion 15 b of each surrounding wall 12 .

At the top of the upper structural block 2 , a ceiling wall 20 is provided, which is supported on the surrounding walls 21 . A rectangular passage 20 a is formed in a special position of the ceiling wall 20 in order to enable someone to go into the basement unit 10 through the passage 20 a with the structure block 2 placed on the lower structure block 1 and to get out of it (see FIG. 2 ). The basement or basement unit 10 is formed when the upper structural block 2 is arranged or stacked on the lower structural block 1 in such a way that the bottom surfaces of the surrounding walls 21 of the upper structural block 2 exactly match the upper surfaces of the corresponding surrounding walls 12 of the lower structural block 1 are aligned and arranged in contact therewith.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are partially sectional views of the stepped ends 15, 24 of the upper and lower structural blocks 1, 2, wherein Fig. 3A shows a state before the upper structural block is arranged on the top of the lower structure of block 1 2, and wherein Fig . 3B shows a state after the upper structural block was angeord net on the lower structural block 1 2. As shown in FIG. 3A, the lower end portions 24 are a of the upper structural block 2 opposite to the lower end portions 15 a of the lower structural block 1 is positioned and it is the higher Endab sections 24 b of the upper structural block 2 opposite to the higher end portions 15 b of the lower structural block 1 positioned when the upper structure block 2 is raised into position over the lower structure block 1 in a manner shown in Fig. 3A. The widths of the individual lower end portions 15 a, 24 a and the higher end portions 15 b, 24 b are set such that the stepped ends 24 of the upper structural block 2 come into engagement with the corresponding stepped ends 15 of the lower structural block 1 , such as This is shown in FIG. 3B when the upper structural block 2 is lowered from the state according to FIG. 3A until its stepped ends 24 come into contact with the corresponding stepped ends 15 of the lower structural block 1 . This arrangement certainly prevents the upper structural block 2 from being displaced in horizontal directions once it is properly arranged or erected on the lower structural block 1 .

The upper and lower structural blocks 1 , 2 are made of reinforced concrete, which contains steel reinforcing bars F, which are arranged to form a cross pattern, and are embedded in the concrete. Before the upper structural block 2 is arranged or stacked on the lower structural block 1 , a sealing element 3 , which is formed from an elastic material, such as rubber, which has good flexibility and water repellency or water sealing properties, is graded on the or offset ends 15 of the surrounding walls 12 , as shown in Fig. 3A. When the upper structural block 2 is placed on the lower structural block 1 , the sealing member 3 is pressed firmly by the weight of the upper structural block 2 and held between the stepped ends 15 and 24 of the surrounding walls 12 , 21 as shown in Fig. 3B . When the basement unit 10 is assembled below the floor level in this way, the sealing element 3 prevents groundwater from penetrating between the connecting surfaces of the stepped ends 15 , 24 .

In this embodiment, the surrounding walls 12 , 21 of the individual structural blocks 1 , 2 and the bottom portion 11 of the lower structural block 1 have a minimum thickness of 150 mm, so that the top wall 20 of the upper structural block 2 , which would protrude above the floor level if the basement unit 10 is located in the position below floor level can serve as a foundation for a structure constructed above the floor.

Each of the reinforcement bars F, which is used in this embodiment, has a diameter of 13 mm. The reinforcing bars F include main reinforcing bars which are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of each structural element, and distribution bars which are arranged at right angles to the main reinforcing bars. The distribution bars and the main reinforcement bars are individually laid in parallel at certain intervals and assembled at right angles relative to each other by a known method in which the distances between the distribution bars and between the main reinforcement or reinforcement bars depending on specific applications of the basement unit 10 ( for example, whether the basement unit 10 is simply to be used as a basement room or is also to serve as a foundation on which a structure built above ground level should rest).

If the lower structural block 1 is arranged below the floor level, so that the floor section 11 is arranged 1.8 to 2.0 m below the floor level, the earth pressure acting on the surrounding walls 12 at a distance of 0.6 m from the floor is 1, 0 tf / m under normal conditions and 1.7 to 2.0 tf / m during an earthquake, on the condition that the internal angle of friction is 30 ° when the earth is normal soil with a normal, saturated water content and the lateral, seismic coefficient k is 0.3. The above-mentioned diameter (13 mm) of the reinforcement bars F was selected taking these conditions into account, whereby the basement unit 10 can withstand potential external stresses not only under normal conditions, but also during earthquakes.

The reinforcement bars F are also arranged in the protruding, higher end portions 15 b of the lower structural block 1 and the lower end portions 24 a of the upper structural block 2 , as this. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. With this arrangement, the mechanical strength of the higher end portions 15 b and the lower end portions 24 a is increased considerably, so that the inherent weakness of the connection area between the lower structural block 1 and the upper structural block 2 is effectively compensated.

The width (ie the horizontal dimension of the short side walls 13 , 22 ) and the length (ie the horizontal dimension of the long side walls 14 , 23 ) of the basement unit 10 are made in multiples of 0.9 m in the outer dimensions, in order to have ordinary Japanese dimensions agree. Furthermore, the height of the individual structural blocks 1 , 2 is set to 1.2 m or 1.3 m, so that the height of the basement unit 10 becomes 2.4 or 2.6 m. In this embodiment, the basement unit 10 can be set to any standardized sizes, which may include 4.5, 6, 8, and 10 mat (tatami) sizes, which are suitable, for example, for factory manufacture. Table 1 below shows dimensional specifications that can be applied to the basement unit 10 according to this embodiment.

Table 1

The dimensional specifications of the embodiment shown above should only be considered as typical examples of the invention. These dimensions were chosen in order to provide some typical configurations, since these are well suited for ordinary Japanese houses and a factory production and because the individual structural blocks 1 , 2 , which are constructed according to the above dimensions, over public streets in Compliance with road traffic laws and regulations can be transported if the structure blocks 1 , 2 are placed on their side.

With reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a method for the manufacture of the individual structural blocks 1 , 2 is described. FIGS. 4A and 4B are sectional views illustrating how the basement unit 10 is produced, in which Fig. 4A shows a state after finished concrete or trans-mixed concrete was poured into a mold for the lower structural block with pre-arranged steel reinforcements, and wherein Fig . 4B shows a state after finished concrete was poured into a mold for the upper structural block 2 with pre-arranged steel reinforcements.

41 in FIG. 4A denotes a first mold which is used to produce the lower structural block 1 . The first shape 41 has a recess or recess 41 a, which has the same, but inverse, three-dimensional shape as the lower structure block 1 . After arranging the reinforcing or reinforcing bars F in the recess or the cavity 41 a, ready-mixed concrete is poured into the recess 41 a, while the mold 41 is vibrated using a form vibrator, not shown. The first mold 41 is then left to allow the concrete to settle. After the concrete has hardened and has acquired sufficient strength, the newly produced, lower structural block 1 is removed from the recess 41 a of the first mold 41 . During the process of hardening the concrete, the concrete may be heated by supplying steam to the first mold 41 to accelerate the hardening of the concrete.

With 42 in Fig. 4B, a second form is designated, which is used for a manufacture of the upper structural block 2 . The second shape 42 has a cavity or a recess 42 a, which has the same, non-inverted, three-dimensional shape as the upper structure block 2 . After arranging the reinforcing bars F in the recess 42 a, ready-mixed concrete is poured into the recess 42 a and allowed to set until the upper structure block 2 is completed in essentially the same way as the manufacture of the lower structural block 1 .

The lower and upper structural blocks 1 , 2 thus manufactured are rotated 90 ° to be swept to their side, as shown in Figs. 5A and 5B, respectively. This will greatly facilitate the handling and conveyance in the factory and the transportation of the structural blocks 1 , 2 using an L-shaped lifting arm H. A Blockwendema machine, not shown, is used when the structural blocks 1 , 2 are placed on their side. A pair of rotating arms of the block turning machine, which are pressed firmly against the short side walls 13 , 22 , raise each structural block 1 , 2 . Then the rotating arms turn each structure block 1 , 2 by 90 ° and place it on its side.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams tion an example of a conveyor or carriage of the structure blocks 1, 2 illustrate, FIG. 6A shows how each pattern block 1 is lifted by the lifting arm H 2, and Fig. 6B is a of the structural blocks 1 , 2 shows which is promoted by a conveyor C ge. Each structural block removed from the mold 41, 42 1, 2 is determined by the above-mentioned block turning machine at the point on its side, where it is removed from the forms 41, 42nd Then, a horizontal part of the lifting arm H, which is fixed to a crane or a similar conveying device traveling above, is inserted into the structural block 1 , 2 and raised and moved to the conveyor C.

The structure block 1 , 2 transported into a position above the conveyor C is then arranged on a frame base (support plate) 61 , which has already been arranged on the conveyor C, by being lowered by the lifting arm H. The conveyor C carries the structure block 1 , 2 to a loading station, where the structure block 1 , 2 is loaded onto a transport vehicle 7 together with the frame base 61 .

Next, the transport of the structural blocks 1 , 2 by the trans port vehicle 7 will be described. The structural blocks 1 , 2 are arranged in a frame 6 for protection against loading onto the transport vehicle 7 in order to prevent them from being rotated and destroyed during transport. The frame 6 is described below. Fig. 7 is a perspec asset-side view of the frame 6. As shown in Fig. 7, the Ge stell 6 consists of a frame base 61 and a frame 62 , which is removably fixed to the frame base 61 bar. The rack frame 62 is placed over the structural block 1, 2, which is already arranged on the base frame 61 and fixed to the frame base 61 and secured to the structural block 1, 2 to protect during transport.

The stand base 61 has a flat bottom plate portion 61 a, a pair of side plate portions 61b with a low profile, which extend upward from both longitudinal sides of the bottom plate portion 61a, and flanges 61c on which portions extending outwardly from the top of the side plates 61 b extend. The frame 62 includes a framework or truss 62 a, which is constructed by connecting square steel bars in a box-like shape, and a pair of flanges 62 b, which outwards from both long sides of the bottom of the frame 62 a accordingly the flanges 61st c extend the frame base 61 .

The rack frame 62 is arranged on the rack base 61 , the flanges 62 b of the former being flush with the flanges 61 c of the latter. The frame base 61 and the frame 62 are connected to each other by securing the flanges 62 b, 61 c with bolts B. The framework 62 a is fitted with upwardly projecting lifting rings or eyelets 62 c, which are arranged near the four corners at the top of the framework. If the frame frame is removed from the frame base, the frame frame 62 is lifted through these lifting eyes 62 c rope loops, for example using a crane.

As will be raised the Ge alternate base 61 that is loaded with a structural block 1, 2 by a crane hook S FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing preparatory work for loading each structural block 1, 2, wherein, FIG. 8A, and wherein Fig. 8B shows a state after the base frame 61 is net angeord on a transport pallet 5 by the crane. Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating how the frame 62 is arranged on the top or above the frame base 61 or mounted. FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating how the mounted on the frame 6 structural block 1, is loaded onto the transport vehicle 7 2, wherein Fig. 10A shows a state after the motor vehicle 7 drawn to the lying on the ground transport pallet was, and FIG. 10B shows a state after the mounted in the frame structural turblock 1, 2 gela together with the pallet 5 on board the motor vehicle to 7 was. Fig. 11 is a partial sectional view taken along a line AA of Fig. 10A for displaying of features of the vehicle. 7

A method for loading each structural block 1 , 2 onto the transport vehicle 7 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 6B and 8 to 11. When the structural block 1 , 2 mounted on the frame base 61 is brought to the loading station by the conveyor C shown in FIG. 6B, four cables or wires W (only two cables or wires W are shown in FIG. 8A) and 8B) shown at the four corners of the flanges 61 c of the frame base 61 fixed. These four wires W are bundled together at their upper ends and gripped by the hook S of the crane, not shown, and the frame base 61 , which is loaded with the structural block 1 , 2 , is raised.

The frame base 61 raised by the wires W is then placed on the pallet 5 lying on the floor such that no part of the frame base 61 extends laterally outside the pallet 5 , as shown in FIG .

The above-mentioned transport pallet 5 is an intermediate support device which is arranged between the frame 6 and the transport vehicle 7 ( FIGS. 10A and 10B) when the frame 6 is loaded onto the vehicle 7 . The pallet 5 includes a pair of support rails 51 which extend along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 7 (or a direction normal to the plane of FIGS. 8A and 8B) when loaded on board, and upper and lower deck boards or -bars 52 , which individually overlap the support rails 51 . A U-shaped groove 53 is formed in the outer side surface of each support rail 51 along its longitudinal axis. The grooves 53 in the support rails 51 are used when the pallet 5 , which carries the structure block 1 , 2 mounted in the frame, is loaded onto the vehicle 7 .

When the frame base 61 loaded with the structural block 1 , 2 has been arranged on the pallet 5 , as shown in FIG. 8B, the wires W are detached from the frame base 61 . The frame 62 , which is suspended by the crane hook S and the wires W, is then placed on the frame base 61 so that the frame 62 surrounds the structural block 1 , 2 , and then the upper and lower flanges 62 b, 61 c , which have been brought into contact with each other and aligned with each other as shown in broken lines, are connected to each other by bolts B as shown in FIG. 9. At this time, the structure block 1 , 2 is completely arranged or set in the frame. The cables W are removed from the frame 62 to complete the preparatory work for loading the structural block 1 , 2 onto the vehicle 7 .

The structural block 1 , 2 which is mounted in the frame and which is mounted on the pallet 5 is then loaded onto the motor vehicle 7 , as is shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B. Vehicle 7 is a very low bed semi-trailer truck having separate right and left axles and separate right and left load carrying beds 71 as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B. This vehicle 7 has the ability to raise and lower the loaded pallet 5 so that the distance between the bottom of the pallet 5 and the road surface can be varied between 4 cm and 30 cm.

As shown in Fig. 11, each of the load-bearing beams 71 includes a bottom plate 72 which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 7 , a pair of side plates 73 which extend vertically upward from both sides of the bottom plates 72 extend relative to their width direction (or direction normal to the plane of FIG. 11), an upper plate 74 which extends between the upper ends of the pair of side plates 73 , a lifting mechanism 75 which is arranged in a machine room 70 , which is enclosed by the bottom plate 72 , the tenplatten 73 and the upper plate 74 . Furthermore, a pair of the pallet-supporting plates 72 a protrude horizontally from the inner ends of the base plates 72 from the two right and left load-bearing loading areas or beams 71 . The distance between the right and left ken, pallet-supporting plates 72 a is made a little larger than the distance between the bottoms of the U-shaped grooves, so that the pallet-supporting plates 72 a in the right and left, U-shaped Grooves 53 can immerse.

The lifting mechanism 75 , which is installed in the machine room 70 of each load-bearing cover surface 71 , comprises a plurality of cams 76 , which have a triangular shape in side view and are arranged in a row along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle 7 , a plurality of Cylinder actuators 77 associated with the individual cams 76 for driving the same and tires 78 equipped with tires connected to the cams 76 . Each of the triangular cams 76 is arranged so that its base (bottom side) is substantially parallel to the road surface and is pivotally mounted on a support shaft 76 a which is located between the side plates 73 in a left corner portion of each cam 76 in Fig. 11th extends. The wheels 78 are rotatably mounted on axles 76 b, which are individually connected to right corner sections of the cams 76 .

Each of the cylinder actuators 77 comprises an air cylinder 77 a, which is fixed parallel to the longitudinal axis, and a piston rod 77 b, which projects from the air cylinder 77 a to the cam 76 . The extreme end of each piston rod 77 b is held in contact with an inclined edge of the corresponding cam 76 above its support shaft 76 a, so that a rotational movement of the cam 76 around the support shaft 76 a in the counterclockwise direction is avoided or prevented.

The piston rods 77 b move from the corresponding Luftzylin countries 77 a when the cylinder actuators 77 are actuated. As a result, the individual cams 76 pivot in a clockwise direction around their corresponding support shafts 76 a, which causes the individual load-bearing loading areas 71 to be raised. When the cylinder actuators 77 are actuated in the opposite direction, the piston rods 77 b are retracted into the corresponding air cylinders 77 a and the load-bearing cover surfaces 71 are caused to lower. The right and left load-bearing deck surfaces 71 of the vehicle 7 can be raised and lowered by operating the cylinder actuators 77 in their forward and backward directions as described above, and the pallet 5 , which is the structural block mounted on the frame 1 , 2 carries, can be loaded onto and unloaded from the vehicle with this deck or loading area lifting and lowering process.

A detailed method of loading the rack-mounted structural block 1 , 2 located on the pallet 5 is discussed below with reference to FIGS. 10A and 10B. First, the height of the corresponding load-bearing loading areas 71 is adjusted by actuating the cylinder actuating devices 77 such that both the right and left, pallet-supporting plates 72 a are aligned at the same height with the U-shaped grooves 53 of the pallet 5 . The vehicle 7 is then moved to the rear so that the pallet 5 is arranged directly between the right and left, load-bearing deck or loading surfaces 71 . When the vehicle 7 is stopped in its correct position, the right and left, pallet-supporting plates 72 a are suitably arranged in the corresponding U-shaped grooves 53 of the pallet 5 , as shown in Fig. 10A.

Subsequently, the cylinder actuators 77 are taken into operation to extension of the piston rods 77 to effect b. As a consequence, the individual cams 76 rotate clockwise (as shown in Fig. 11) around the corresponding support shafts 76 a. This causes the right and left load-bearing deck or loading areas 71 to be raised, and the pallet 5 , which is supported by the pallet-supporting plates 72 a, is raised from the floor into a position suitable for delivery. The structure block 1 , 2 , which is protected by the frame 6 , is transported by the vehicle 7 to a construction site in this state.

Cables or ropes W are stretched between the lifting rings 62 c on the top of the frame 6 and ring elements 74 a, which protrude from the cover plates 74 of the cover surfaces 71 , to prevent the frame 6 from tipping to the side during transport. A winch or tensioning device W1 is mounted on each cable W in order to enable the degree of tensioning of the cable W to be set. In this way, the cables W can be securely tensioned or stretched to suitable states.

A method for unloading the structural block 1 , 2 which has reached the construction site is described below. Fig. 12 is a Seitenan view of a load-bearing mounting frame or lever (bogie) 8 , which (r) is mounted on the ground when the structural block 1 , 2 is unloaded from the vehicle 7 . As shown in Fig. 12, the load-bearing mounting frame 8 comprises a frame base 81 which is formed by a generally rectangular frame, a horizontal shaft 82 which extends between opposite frame members of the frame base 81 , a load-bearing part 83 , which is pivotally attached to the horizontal shaft 82 , and a pallet element (load-protecting element) 84 which is arranged between the frame elements outside the pivoting range of the load-bearing part 83 .

The frame base 81 is provided with a plurality of thorns or spikes 81 a on its bottom. If the load-bearing mounting frame 8 is arranged on the floor, the mandrels 81 a dig themselves securely into the ground in order to ensure stable positioning of the load-bearing mounting frame 8 .

The load-bearing part 83 is constructed in a side view in an L-shaped form, including a first element 83 a and a second element 83 b, which are connected at right angles to one another in a one-piece structure. If the structural block 1 , 2 mounted on the frame is unloaded using a crane, a bottom edge of the frame 6 is aligned with a cut between the first and second elements 83 a, 83 b of the load-bearing part 83 and the load-bearing part 83 pivots about that horizontal shaft 82 when the frame 6 is rotated clockwise (as shown in Fig. 12). This pivoting process of the load-bearing part 83 prevents or dampens shock loads on the structural block 1 , 2 during the unloading process.

The mounting base 81 is formed with a stop element 81 b on the left side of the first element 83 a in FIG. 12. The stop 81 b is arranged such that the first element 83 a encloses a special angle α relative to the horizontal direction when the first element 83 a comes into contact with the stop 81 b. In this way, the load-bearing part 83 is not permitted to pivot in the counterclockwise direction (as illustrated in FIG. 12) beyond this angle.

In the present embodiment, the dimensions and the position of the stop 81 b are set such that the angle between the first element 83 a and the horizontal plane becomes approximately 30 ° when the load-bearing part 83 has reached the limit of its pivoting movement in the counterclockwise direction. The load-bearing part 83 is also pivotable about the horizontal shaft 82 up to about 90 ° in the clockwise direction from the position where the first element 83 a is in contact with the stop 81 b.

The pallet member 84 is biased upward by an elastic member such as a coil spring so that it normally protrudes beyond the mounting base 81 to a certain extent. When the frame 6 is placed on the pallet element 84 , it retracts into the mounting base 81 against a compressive force exerted by the elastic element. If the frame 6 containing the structural block 1 , 2 , which is arranged on the load-bearing part 83 , is pivoted about the horizontal shaft 82 until the frame 6 comes into contact with the pallet element 84 , the damping retracts into the mounting base 81 Pallet element 84 impact loads, which can optionally be exerted on the structural block 1 , 2 when the frame 6 is placed on its side.

A square wood 85 is arranged on the right side of the load-bearing mounting frame 8 , as shown in Fig. 12. This square wood or square wooden beam 85 , which is arranged on the floor, has the same height as the mounting base 81 above the floor level, so that the frame 6 laid on the side using the load-bearing mounting frame 8 in a correct, horizon tal position is arranged.

FIGS. 13A to 13C are diagrams showing charging of illustrate the process of unloading the structural block 1, 2 containing frame 6, FIG. 13A shows a state in which the knitted 84800 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285918468900040 0002019931231 00004 84681ell 6 which the structural includes turblock 1 , 2 , by a hook S of a crane, not shown, FIG. 13B shows a state in which the frame 6 raised by the crane hook S is tilted, and FIG. 13C shows a state , in which the frame 6 raised by the crane hook S is arranged on the load-bearing mounting frame 8 .

When the vehicle 7 carrying the structural block 1 , 2 mounted in the frame has arrived at the construction site, the transport pallet 5 is first placed on the floor, the steps shown in FIG. 10 being carried out in the reverse order ( FIG. 10B to FIG . 10A). Two cables W, which are each connected to two lifting rings or eyelets 62 c at each opposite end of the frame 6 , are hung on the crane hook S and the frame 6 is raised, as shown in FIG. 13A.

The frame 6 is then moved clockwise by operating a winch W1 attached to each cable W as shown in Fig. 13B to a position where the bottom bottom edge of the frame 6 over the load-bearing part 83 of the load-bearing mounting frame 8 is arranged and lowered onto the load-bearing part 83 , so that the bottom bottom edge of the frame 6 slides down to the cut between the first and second elements 83 a, 83 b of the load-bearing part 83 , as shown in Fig. 13C is.

The hook S is slowly lowered by operating the crane and as a result the frame 6 , which contains the structural block 1 , 2 and which is supported by the load-bearing part 83 , is further tilted about the horizontal shaft 82 and finally lies on the load-bearing frame 8 and the square wood 85 in a horizontal position as shown by alternate dashed lines in Fig. 13C. The frame 6 is removed from the structure block 1 , 2 in this horizontal position using special tools and devices which are not shown. The structure block 1 , 2 is then arranged in an already excavated pit to form a basement or basement.

A detailed method of constructing the basement or basement on the construction site will now be described. A vertical pit or recess, which can at least accommodate the lower structural block 1 , should have been excavated at the construction site before installing the basement unit 10 . A stone foundation is formed by placing crushed stone on the bottom of the pit. The lower structural block 1 is then positioned with its bottom facing down on the stone foundation. The above-mentioned sealing member 3 is placed on the surrounding WAEN the structure 12 of the lower block 1 and it is the upper block structure erected on the lower structural unit 1 2 to the underweight body skirt unit to complete in the pit 10th

A lining along the sealing element 3 , which is arranged between the lower structural block 1 and the upper structural block 2 , can be carried out from the inside of the basement unit 10 in order to provide improved water sealing and thereby penetration in a more reliable manner To prevent water.

Furthermore, a special number of friction piles or friction stamps can be driven into position in the bottom of the pit before arranging the lower structure block 1 . This will allow an upper part of the basement unit 10 to be used as a foundation which can surely support a structure to be built above ground level.

Fig. 14 is a perspective exploded view showing a two-room basement structure illustrated according to a second embodiment of the invention, in which a second basement unit 10 b adjacent to a first basement unit 10 is installed a. Fig. 15 is a perspective view illustrating the two-room basement structure in which the second basement unit 10 b has been installed adjacent to the first basement unit 10 a. FIG. 16 is a vertical sectional view along BB of FIG. 15. As a determination in the explanation hereinafter in this description, the direction parallel to the X-axis shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 becomes the transverse direction and the direction parallel to the Y. - Direction referred to as the longitudinal direction. As shown in these figures, the adjacent, first basement unit 10 a and the second basement unit 10 b are fixed on a common foundation plate 100 , which has a certain thickness and a rectangular shape in plan view.

The first basement unit 10 a includes a first, lower structural turblock 1 a and a first upper structural block 2 a, which is erected on the first lower structural block 1 a. Similarly, the second basement unit 10 b comprises a second, lower structural block 1 b and a second, upper structural block 2 b, which is erected on the top of the second, lower structural block 1 b. The two-room basement structure is constructed by installing the basement unit 10 a and the second basement unit 10 b side by side on the foundation plate 100 .

Although the first, upper structural block 2 a and the second, upper structural block 2b has substantially the same construction as the upper structural block 2 of the first embodiment have, 2 comprise the first, upper structural block a and the second, upper structural block 2 b each have a rectangular , lower cutout 201 in the bottom ends of their mutually facing walls, which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction. Similarly, the first, lower structural block 1a and the second, lower structural block 1b each have an upper cutout 202 in the upper ends of their mutually facing walls at a position corresponding to that lower cutout 201 . If the first and second, upper structural block 2 a, 2 b are erected or stacked on the first and second, lower structural block 1 a, 1 b or if the first basement unit 10 a and the second basement unit 10 b have been completed, a rectangular becomes Door opening (opening section) 200 formed by the lower cutout 201 and the upper cutout 202 in the mutually facing walls.

The foundation plate 100 is in the form of a flat plate consisting of concrete and with a certain thickness and the dimensions of the same in the plan view are set slightly larger than a sum of the first and second basement units 10 a and 10 b. On the surface of the foundation plate 100 , a plurality of spacers 101 , which are formed from a pressure-resistant rubber as elastic elements, are uniformly distributed and mixed or kneaded mortar 102 (dotted in FIG. 14) is applied or layered to form a layer form, which has a thickness that only the tops of the spacers 101 are slightly covered. The first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b are successively lowered onto the foundation plate 100 in such a state, resulting in that they are supported on the foundation plate 100 via the spacers 101 and the kneaded mortar 102 .

Each spacer 101 has its size of its support area, weight and shape set in such a way that it has sufficient strength or strength to support the basement units 10 a, 10 b.

By arranging a plurality of spacers 101 in a predetermined density distribution, the basement units 10 a, 10 b are installed on the foundation plate 100 while a predetermined distance is ensured.

The mixed mortar 102 is obtained by kneading or mixing cement and sand without adding water. By arranging such a mixed mortar 102 between the basement units 10 a, 10 b and the foundation plate 100 , the layer of mixed or kneaded mortar 102 adjusts its thickness to the unevenness of the outer surface of the foundation plate 100 and the bottom surfaces of the basement units 10 a, 10 b , immediately after the basement units 10 a, 10 b were installed on the spacers 101 . Over time, mortar 102 absorbs moisture from the soil and solidifies as a chemical reaction with that moisture proceeds. As a result, the weight of the basement units 10 a, 10 b is evenly distributed on the foundation plate 100 over the solidified mortar 102 , so that the basement units 10 a, 10 b rest more stable on the foundation plate 100 .

In each of the door openings 200 of the corresponding Untergeschoßein units 10 a, 10 b (that is, both the lower and the upper cutouts 201, 202 of the lower floor units 10 a, 10 b) is formed a first surrounding or peripheral recess 203, which along which all extends four sides of the door opening 200 and which is open to the outside of the surrounding walls. Furthermore, a second, surrounding recess 204 , which similarly extends along all four sides of the door opening 200 and is open to the outside of the surrounding walls, is formed in the inner surface of the first recess 203 . Accordingly, the inner surface of the door opening 200 is formed to have a step-like shape.

By arranging the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b directly next to one another, the first surrounding depressions 203 are arranged next to one another at the door openings 200 of the basement units 10 a, 10 b in order to form a wide groove 205 in this way . On the bottom of the wide groove 205 , a narrow groove or groove 206 is formed by the second, surrounding or circumferential depressions 204 , which are arranged directly next to one another.

A sealing member 31 made of an elastic material such as rubber is fitted in the narrow groove 206 as shown in FIG. 16. This sealing element 31 preferably has a property of expanding when water is absorbed and thereby improves a sealing effect.

After the sealing member 31 is fitted into the narrow groove 206 , a so-called filling, that is, a process of pouring water-repellent mortar 32 made of freshly prepared concrete is carried out in the wide groove 205 , as shown in FIG. 16 . As a consequence, entry of, for example, groundwater into the basement through the door opening 200 can be safely avoided.

According to the structural blocks of the second embodiment, the basement units 10 a, 10 b are formed in one piece with the foundation plate 100 using the solidified mortar 102 . This prevents the basement units 10 a, 10 b from being displaced in the transverse direction relative to the foundation plate 100 , even if a horizontal force, which results from lateral and transverse shaking during an earthquake, acts on the basement units 10 a, 10 b.

Although the door openings 200 are formed on the connection surface between the corresponding basement units 10 a, 10 b, it is normally difficult to satisfactorily the surrounding walls of the first basement unit 10 a and those of the second basement unit 10 b due to dimensional errors of the basement units. 10a, 10b and of errors which occur during installation or erection. Accordingly, an undesirable effect in which groundwater enters the basement through spaces or gaps formed between the surrounding walls can occur. However, the second groove 205 is formed in the inner surface of the door opening 200 , the narrow groove 206 is further formed on the bottom of the wide groove 205 , and the water-repellent mortar 32 is filled in the wide groove 205 , with the sealing member 32 in the narrow groove 206 is fitted. In this way, entry of groundwater, for example, can be reliably prevented by the double, water-repellent treatments by the sealing element 31 and the water-repellent mortar 32 .

Fig. 17 is a perspective view showing the two-room basement structure of the second embodiment, which is completed by fitting cross head beams on the top of each basement unit. As shown in Fig. 17, the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b are equipped with a connecting head crossbar 301 , four transverse head crossbars 302 and two longitudinal head crossbars 303 on the top. The connec tion head crossbar 301 is festge at the upper ends of the mutually directed walls of the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b, whereby these are bridged. The transverse head cross beams or beams 302 are fixed to the upper ends of the walls of the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b, which run parallel to the transverse direction, while the longitudinal head cross beams 303 at the upper ends of the outer walls are fixed, which run parallel to the longitudinal direction.

All of these head crossbars 301 , 302 , 303 have a predetermined number of bolt or screw holes, through which anchor bolts 400 are passed, the heads of which are embedded in the walls of the basement units 10 a, 10 b and their threaded parts protrude above. The head crossbeams 301 , 302 , 303 are secured in their position by attaching nuts to the individual anchor bolts 400 . This construction allows a structure at ground level to be built on top of the crosshead beams 301 , 302 , 303 . Although the head crossbars 301 , 302 , 303 used in this embodiment are made of wood, they may be made of precast concrete or a synthetic resin material.

As can be seen from the above discussion, it is possible to provide a structure at ground level, such as a house, directly on the head cross beam 301, 302, 303 using the first and second underweight body fired units 10 a, 10 b as a foundation build when the head crossbars 301 to 303 are fitted to the individual basement units 10 a, 10 b, which are fixed on the foundation plate 100 . In particular, the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b are connected to one another by the connecting head crossbeam 301 , which bridges the mutually facing walls at the top, and by the foundation plate 100 , which securely holds their floor sections. In this way, the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b are connected to one another with increased strength and reliability of the construction.

Since the corresponding basement units 10 a, 10 b are formed with the ceilings, it is possible to arrange the crossbeams or beams in any position on the upper surfaces of the ceilings, provided that they are strong enough to separate partitions have a relatively small cross-section. In this way, the cross members can be arranged with an improved or increased degree of freedom.

Fig. 18 is a perspective view of the invention showing a modification of the structure of blocks of the second embodiment. Although this modification has substantially the same construction as the second embodiment, the structure on the inner surface of the door opening 200 differs. In particular, in this modification only the first, surrounding recess 203 is formed in the inner surfaces of the door openings 200 of the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b, without forming the second, surrounding recesses 204, in contrast to the second embodiment. In this way, the stepped structure in the inner surface of the door opening 200 is simpler.

Instead, a sealing member 33 , which is made of an elastic material such as waterproof rubber, is set on the outer wall surface around the door opening 200 of the first sub-floor unit 10 a to enclose the door opening 200 . This sealing element 33 is squeezed between the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b, thereby preventing the penetration of groundwater and the like into the corresponding basement.

A better water sealing effect is achieved when the sealing element 33 and the sealing element 31 interact, which is formed in the wide groove 205 , which is formed by the first circumferential recesses 203 , when the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b are arranged side by side.

Figs. 19A, 19B, 20A and 20B are diagrams showing a procedural ren an installation at the construction site for the modification of the second exporting show approximate shape. FIG. 19A shows a second lower structural block of a second basement structure block which is adjacent an already installed, the first basement structure block is arranged, Fig. 19B shows the lowered, second lower structural block, Fig. 20A shows a second, upper structural block, which is lowered onto the second, lower structure block, and FIG. 20B shows the second, upper structure block arranged on the second, lower structure block.

When arranging the two basement units 10 a, 10 b in a predetermined, already excavated, vertical pit, the mixed mortar 102 is first distributed, with the spacers 101 being distributed on the foundation plate 100 , as shown in FIG. 19A, and it the first basement unit 10 a is lowered onto the layer of mixed mortar 102 . The spacers 101 are elastically compressed and the mixed mortar 102 is sufficiently compressed by the weight of the lowered, first basement unit 10 a. After it has been ensured that the first basement unit 10 a will no longer sink further, the second, lower structural block 1 b is lowered onto the layer of mixed mortar 102 adjacent to the first basement unit 10 a using a crane or a similar working machine.

It is ideal to place the second, lower structural block 1 b, after which the mixed mortar 102 has absorbed sufficient moisture under the first basement unit 10 a and has solidified. However, the second, lower structural block 1 b can be placed after it has been ensured that the mixed mortar 102 has been sufficiently compressed but has not yet solidified.

During the lowering, the second, lower structural block 1 b is tilted relative to the first basement unit 10 a. In particular, the first basement unit 10 a is tilted so that the upper cutout 203 of the second, lower structural block 1 b of the door opening 200 of the first basement unit 10 a is opposite, with a bottom end P of the wall surface of the second, lower structural block 1 b, which leads to the door opening 200 is arranged, is arranged below the sealing element 33 , which was previously fixed or glued around the door opening, and a bottom end Q of the opposite wall surface is arranged on the layer of mixed mortar 102 (see FIG. 19A).

The second lower structural block 1 b is pivoted counterclockwise about the bottom end of Q by lowering the second lower structural block 1 b. As a result, the entire wall surface of the second lower structural block approaches 1 b, which is directed to the first basement unit 10 a, the first unit 10 a basement on. When the bottom surface of the second lower structural block 1 b in contact with the upper surface of the layer of mixed mortar 102 is placed, pushes the thereto facing wall surface of the second lower structural block 1 b, the sealing member 33, as shown in FIG. 19B . As a result, the lower half of the sealing element 33 is elastically deformed under pressure in order to be pressed or squeezed between the first and second, lower structural blocks 1 a, 1 b.

Subsequently, the second, upper structure block 2 b is lowered onto the second, lower structure block 1 b, as shown in FIG. 20A. At this time, second upper structural block 2 is b hung inclined so that a bottom end R of the right side wall of the second structure block 2 upper b in contact with the upper end of the right side wall of the second lower structural block 1 b passes. Then the second, upper structural block 2 b is pivoted counterclockwise around the bottom end R, resulting in that the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b are arranged next to each other, the second, upper structural block 2 b on the top of the second, lower structural block 1 b is erected, and the upper half of the sealing element 33 is elastically deformed under pressure in order to be pressed or squeezed between the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b.

If the above construction is left for a predetermined period of time with the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b arranged side by side, the mixed mortar 102 absorbs available moisture and solidifies as it passes through the weight of the second basement unit 10 b is compressed, whereby a decrease in the second basement unit 10 b is effected. This allows the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b to have the same height level as shown in Fig. 20B. After the first and second basement units 10 a, 10 b have reached the same height level, the sealing element 31 is fitted into the wider groove 205 , which is formed in the inner surfaces of the door openings 200 . Since the door openings 200 are double sealed by the sealing members 31 and 33 , a reliable water sealing effect of preventing the ingress of ground water or the like into the basement can be obtained.

FIGS. 21 and 22 are partially cutaway perspective views illustrating a third embodiment of the basement structure blocks according to the invention, in which Fig. 21 shows a state in which the lower and upper structure blocks are disengaged from each other, and Fig. 22 shows a state in which the upper structure block is placed on the lower structure block. Similar to the above, the basement structure is formed by a basement unit 10 , which has a rectangular, box-like shape. The basement unit 10 has such a basic construction, which comprises a lower structural block 1 , which forms a lower half of the basement unit 10 , and an upper structure block 2 , which forms an upper half thereof. The lower structural block 1 has a rectangular shape in plan view and comprises a rectangular floor section 11 on the floor and surrounding walls 12 which extend upwards from the floor section 11 from all sides.

The surrounding walls 12 include a pair of short side walls 13 , which are formed vertically on opposite, short sides of the bottom section 11 , and a pair of long side walls 14 , which are vertically formed on opposite long sides of the bottom section 11 . The top of each surrounding wall 12 is formed out to form a stepped, upper end 15 which has an outer, lower end portion 15 a and an inner, higher end portion 15 b.

The upper structural block 2 has surrounding walls 21 which also include a pair of short side walls 22 which correspond to the short side walls 13 and a pair of long side walls 23 which correspond to the long side walls 14 . The bottom of each surrounding wall 21 is formed to form a stepped lower end 24 , which has an outer, lower end portion 24 a, which corresponds to the lower end portion 15 a of each surrounding wall 12 , and an inner, higher end portion 24 b, which corresponds to the higher end section 15 b of each surrounding wall 12 .

At the top of the upper structural block 2 , a ceiling wall or a ceiling element 20 is fitted, which (s) is supported by the surrounding walls 12 . In a special position of the ceiling wall 20 , a rectangular passage opening 20 a is formed to provide access between the upper floor and the basement unit 10 through the passage opening 20 a when the upper structural block 2 is stacked on the top of the lower structural block 1 (see Fig. 22). It should be kept festge that the passage opening 20 a is designed for the basement unit 10 to have access to and from the upper floor, and that otherwise no passage opening 20 a can be provided. In special positions of the surrounding wall 12 of the lower structural block 1 , upper cutouts 201 are formed which extend downward to the stepped, lower ends 15 and have predetermined widths. On the other hand, lower cutouts 202 , which extend upward from the stepped lower ends 24 , are formed in the surrounding walls 12 of the upper structural block 2 in order to correspond to the upper cuts 201 . When the upper structural block 2 is arranged on the lower structural block 1 , door openings 200 are formed by the upper and lower cutouts 201 , 202 , as shown in FIG. 22. In this embodiment, a total of two door openings 200 are formed: one in the short side walls 13 , 22 and the other in the long side walls 14 , 23 . The number of door openings 200 per basement unit 10 is not limited to two, but can be one or three or more. The dimensions of the same can also be set or selected accordingly.

The stepped, upper ends 15 of the first structural block 1, and the stepped lower ends 24 of the second structural block 2 engage with each other by arranging the upper structure of the block 2 on the lower structural block 1 so that the bottom ends of the surrounding walls 21 of the upper structural block 2 in To be held in contact with the corresponding upper ends of the surrounding walls 12 of the lower structural block 1 . As a result, the lower and upper structural blocks 1 , 2 are connected to each other to form the lower floor unit 10 .

FIG. 23A and 23B are cross-sectional views showing the abge classified or remote, upper and lower ends 15, 24 of the upper and lower structural blocks 1, 2, show in which Fig. 23A shows a state UNMIT telbar before the upper structure block 2 is placed on the lower structure block, and FIG. 23B shows a state after the upper structure block 2 is placed on the lower structure block 1 . As can be seen from Fig. 23A, the higher end portions 24 b of the surrounding walls 21 are positioned opposite the higher end portions 15 b of the surrounding walls 12 and there are the lower end portions 24 a of the surrounding walls 21 opposite the lower end portions 15 a the surrounding walls 12 positioned when the upper structural block 2 is raised in position above the lower structural block 1 such that the individual, stepped, lower ends 24 of the upper structural block 2 are aligned with the corresponding, stepped, upper ends 15 of the lower structural block 1 or are aligned with them. The widths of the individual lower end sections 15 a, 24 a and the high end sections 15 b, 24 b are set or selected such that the stepped, lower ends 24 of the upper structural block 2 engage with the corresponding stepped ends 15 of the lower structural block 1 , as shown in FIG. 23B, when the upper structural block 2 is lowered from the state shown in FIG. 23A until its stepped lower ends 24 come into contact with the corresponding stepped upper ends 15 of the lower structural block 1 . This arrangement ensures that the upper structural block 2 , once properly erected on the lower structural block 1 , does not move in horizontal directions.

A steel angle plate L1 is adapted to an outer corner of each lower end portion 15 a of the stepped upper end 15 so as to protect this corner over its entire length, and a steel angle plate L2 is similarly in an inner corner of each upper end portion 15 b fitted for the same purpose. This prevents the corners or edges of the stepped, upper ends 15 from being knocked off or destroyed. Similarly, steel angle plates L3, L4 at the outer corners of the lower end portions 24 a of the stepped lower ends 24 and at the inner corners of the upper end portions 24 b are fitted accordingly. The angle plates L1, L2, L3, L4 are embedded in the structure blocks 1 , 2 and are secured by welding to reinforcing bars F which extend in the vertical direction and which are described later. This ensures the connection between the respective structure blocks 1 , 2 .

The corresponding angle plates L1, L2, L3, L4 are in sections which are set back from the outer surfaces of the surrounding walls 12, 21 inwardly, provided so that stepped portions 10 c, which have a small dimension, between the outer surfaces of the surrounding walls 12 , 21 and the angle plates L1, L2, L3, L4 are formed.

The upper and lower structural blocks 1 , 2 are made of reinforced concrete, which contains steel reinforcing bars F, which are arranged to form a cross pattern, and which are embedded in the concrete. Before the upper structural block 2 is erected on the top of the lower structure of blocks 1, a sealing member 3 which is formed of an elastic material such as rubber with good flexibility and Wasserabdichteigenschaft, arranged on the stepped ends 15 of the surrounding walls 12, as shown in Fig. 23A. When the upper structural block 2 is placed on the lower structural block 1 , the sealing member 3 is pressed firmly by the weight of the upper structural block 2 and held between the stepped ends 15 and 24 of the surrounding walls 12 , 21 as shown in Fig. 23B . If the sub-floor unit 10 is assembled below ground level, the sealing element 3 prevents the penetration of ground water between the connecting surfaces of the stepped ends 15 , 24 . In this embodiment, synthetic rubber is used for the sealing element 3 .

After an engagement or interaction of the stepped, lower ends 24 of the upper structural block 2 with the stepped, upper ends of the lower structural block 1 by the sealing element 3 , opposite sections of the angle plates L1 and L3 are welded together and the angle plates L2 and L4 welded together. This ensures the connection between the lower and upper structure blocks 1 , 2 . After the angle plates are welded together (L1 with L3 and L2 with L4), mortar filling compound M is applied between the upper and lower, stepped sections 10 c, which gives the surrounding walls 12 , 21 a better appearance and improves a waterproofing effect.

In this embodiment, the surrounding walls 12 , 21 of the corresponding structural blocks 1 , 2 , the top wall 20 of the upper structural block 2 and the bottom portion 11 each have a thickness of at least 120 mm. Accordingly, with the sub-floor unit 10 installed below the floor, the ceiling 20 of the upper structural block 2 , which is directed towards the floor, can serve as a foundation on which a structure built above the floor can rest.

Each of the reinforcing bars F used in this embodiment has a diameter of 13 mm. The reinforcing bars F include main reinforcing bars which are arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of each structural element and distribution bars which are arranged at right angles to the main reinforcing bars. The distribution bars and the main reinforcement bars are individually laid in parallel at predetermined intervals and connected at right angles to one another by a conventional method, the distances between the distribution bars and between the main reinforcement bars being determined depending on certain applications of the basement unit 10 (e.g. whether the basement unit 10 is simply used as a basement or cellar room or whether it is intended that this should also serve as a foundation on which a structure built above ground level should rest).

A method of manufacturing the structural blocks according to the third embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 24A and 24B. FIG. 24A and 24B are sectional views showing a method of production of the lower floor unit 10, wherein FIG. 24A shows a state after finished concrete was poured into a mold for the lower structural block with pre-arranged steel reinforcements, and Fig. 24B a state shows after ready-mixed concrete was poured into a mold for the upper structural block with steel reinforcements already arranged in it.

A first mold 42 , as shown in FIG. 24A, is used to manufacture the lower structural block 1 . The first shape 42 has a recess or a cavity 41 a, which has the same, but inverted, three-dimensional shape as the lower structure block 1 . The reinforcement bars F are first arranged in the recess 41 a. The angle plates L1, L2 are welded to the bottom ends of the reinforcing bars F in Fig. 24A. Subsequently, ready-mixed concrete is poured into the recess 41 a, while the first mold 41 is vibrated using a vibrator or vibrator, which is not shown. The first mold 41 is then left to allow setting of the concrete. After the concrete has hardened and has gained sufficient strength, the newly produced, lower structural block 1 is removed from the recess 41 a of the first mold 41 . During the concrete hardening process, the concrete may be heated by supplying steam to the first mold 41 to accelerate the hardening of the concrete.

A second mold 42 , as shown in FIG. 24B, is used to produce the upper structural block 2 . This second shape 42 has an opening or cavity 42 a, which has the same, non-inverted, three-dimensional shape as the upper structure block 2 . After arranging the reinforcing bars F in the cavity 42 a, ready-mixed concrete is introduced into the cavity 42 a to form the upper structural block 2 . At the bottom ends of the reinforcing bars F, the angle plates L3, L4 are welded on similarly as above. Then the poured concrete is allowed to set until the upper structural block 2 is completed in substantially the same manner as the production of the lower structural block 1 .

Fig. 25 is a side view in section illustrating a surrounding foundation 91 which according illustrating a second embodiment of the installation at the construction site of the invention, and Fig. 26 is a plan view thereof. Although the basement unit 10 , which has no door opening in its wall, is used essentially in this embodiment, the method for installation on the construction site can be applied not only to such basement units, but also to those which are designed with door openings according to the invention .

To apply the construction site installation method according to this embodiment, a plurality of groups of anchor rods (anchor elements) 9 , each group consisting of three anchor rods, are formed on the upper portions of the surrounding walls 21 of each upper structural block 2 at regular intervals along a vertical direction embedded that they stretch along the circumferential direction of the surrounding walls 21 he. The anchor rods 9 are provided in such a way that their free or in front of their ends project horizontally from the surrounding walls 21 of the upper structural block 2 by a predetermined distance.

Such anchor rods 9 are embedded in the upper structural block 2 by arranging the anchor rods 9 in the shape used to produce the upper structural block 2 and then pouring ready-mixed concrete into the mold. In this embodiment, iron rods or bars, the base ends of which are bent, are used for the anchor rods 9 . Alternatively, the upper structural block 2 can be provided with the anchor rods 9 by embedding elongated, cylindrical nuts therein, the openings of which are directed outwards, and spirally engaging or screwing in the anchor rods 9 therein with threaded sections formed on the outside in these nuts.

After the basement unit 10 provided with such anchor rods 9 is arranged in an already excavated, vertical pit on the construction site, a certain number of reinforcement bars F are arranged so as to cross the free or projecting ends of the corresponding anchor rods 9 . The surrounding foundation 91 is formed on the top of the upper structural block 2 , as shown in FIGS. 25 and 26, by pouring ready-mixed concrete into the pit on the construction site to dig in or surround the reinforcing bars F according to a known method .

Since the surrounding foundation 91 surrounds the basement unit 10 in accordance with the construction site installation method according to the second embodiment, an earth pressure acting on the basement unit 10 can be mitigated or evened out by the surrounding foundation 91 . In particular, in the particular case in which a pile foundation or a support foundation is present around the basement unit 10 , the weight of a building built on these foundations acts as earth pressure on the basement unit 10 . However, the surrounding foundation 91 blocks the earth pressure exercised, thereby reducing its influence on the basement unit 10 . Accordingly, the disadvantage of an unnecessary waste of space by reinforced walls of the basement unit, attaching rams to the bottom of the pile foundation and support foundation and further arranging a floor portion (floor area) of the manufactured floor foundation in a position away from the basement unit 10 can be avoided.

Furthermore, depending on the situation, the ground level building can be supported by the surrounding foundation 91 , resulting in the foundations, including the basement unit 10 , being better able to withstand than a mat foundation.

The surrounding foundation 91 and the basement unit 10 are formed in a one-piece unit by embedding a certain number of anchor rods 9 , which project outwards by a predetermined distance in areas corresponding to the surrounding foundation 91 from the lower storey unit 10 and by surrounding the surrounding foundation 91 the anchor bars 9 and the arranged reinforcement bars F is installed or formed. Accordingly, even when a building is built on the surrounding foundation 91 , the weight of the building acting on the surrounding foundation 91 is supported by the floor surface of the basement unit 10 as well as the floor surface of the surrounding foundation 91 , thereby providing more reliable support of the building and an improvement in earthquake resistance can be achieved.

The invention is not limited to the preceding embodiments, but also includes the following embodiments.
1. In the foregoing embodiments, the upper ends of the lower structural block 1 and the bottom ends of the upper structural block 2 are formed with interlocking, stepped ends 15 , 24 when the upper and lower structural blocks 1 , 2 are connected are. However, the invention is not limited to such a construction in which stepped ends 15 , 24 are formed in both ends. Longitudinally extending grooves can be formed either at the upper ends of the lower structural block 1 and the bottom ends of the upper structural block 2 , while elongated projections which can be fitted into these grooves or grooves can be formed in the other of the components. The cross section of the grooves and protrusions may have a suitable shape, such as an arc or a triangle. Alternatively, these ends can be flat without being formed with the stepped ends 15 , 24 or grooves and protrusions.
2. Although a plate-shaped rubber product is used as the sealing member 3 in the previous embodiments, the sealing member 3 according to the invention is not limited to this. For example, the sealing member 3 may be formed of synthetic resin which has excellent flexibility and water resistance, or may be formed by applying a rubber or a synthetic resin having a high viscosity as an emulsion containing a main component. Another example is the application of an epoxy adhesive to contact surfaces and the use of a resulting adhesive layer as the sealing element 3 .
3. A waterproofing treatment can be applied to the inside or outside surface or both of the individual walls of the basement unit 10 ( 10 a, 10 b). This will prevent groundwater from entering through the surrounding walls 12 , 21 in a more reliable manner.
4. Although the basement unit 10 ( 10 a, 10 b) of the above embodiments has a two-layer configuration comprising the lower structural block 1 ( 1 a, 1 b) and the upper structural block 2 ( 2 a, 2 b), one configuration may be used which uses three or more stacked blocks according to the invention.
5. Although the dimensions of the foundation slab 100 are selected to accommodate a pair of basement units 10 a, 10 b in the second embodiment, foundation slabs 100 can be constructed in different sizes, including that for a single basement unit and three or more basement units according to the invention become.
6. Although a pressure-resistant rubber for the spacers 101 , which are formed from elastic elements, is provided between the lower structure block 1 ( 1 a, 1 b) and the foundation plate 100 in the preceding embodiments, the material for the spacers 101 not limited to such a rubber according to the invention. Any elastic element can be used provided that it has a certain pressure resistance. For example, synthetic resin or steel pieces can be used. The use of plastic waste as a synthetic resin helps to reduce material costs and is more pleasant for environmental reasons. Steel pieces in the form of a spring or U-shape or a helical spring can preferably be used.
7. In the modification of the second embodiment, the second, lower and upper structural block 1 b and 2 b are inclined relative to the first lower floor unit 10 a raised and lowered, as shown in FIGS . 19 and 20, so that the surrounding sealing element 33 between the two lower floor units 10 a and 10 b is pressed when the second lower floor unit 10 b is finally installed immediately adjacent to the first lower floor unit 10 a. Instead, the second, lower and upper structural blocks 1 b, 2 b adjacent to the first basement unit 10 a can be lowered while being oriented horizontally, and the surrounding sealing element 33 can be between the basement units 10 a and 10 b by moving the second basement unit 10 b pressed towards the first basement unit 10 a by clamping or the like.

Practical example

A practical example of a house which realizes the basement structure of this invention will now be described. In this practical example, crushed rock is placed at the bottom of a vertical pit instead of the foundation plate 100 . Fig. 27 is an elevation of the house as seen from the south side, Fig. 28 is a floor plan of the first floor of the house shown in Fig. 27 and Fig. 29 is a perspective view, partly in section, of a basement U, which is shown in Fig. 27. As shown in these figures, the basement U was constructed by a six mat size basement unit 10 according to the invention (see Table 1) which is located under a south facing eight mat living space L of the house. Glass sliding doors, each with a width of about 1.8 m, and a staircase or staircase U1, which allows access to the basement U, were mounted on the south side of the living room L to facilitate daylight illumination of the basement U.

In this example, the basement unit 10 was made using high strength quick binder Portland cement (JISR 5710). The cement was mixed with acidifying agents including an air intake and water reducing agent and expanded silica gel and lightweight aggregate materials containing fine particles and coarse particles (MA 317) in addition to water to provide improved waterproofing and lightweight properties of the finished concrete To make available. Two types of reinforcing bars F with a diameter of 9 mm and 13 mm were arranged in each structural block 1 , 2 ( Fig. 1). The sealing element 3 ( FIGS. 3A and 3B), which was formed from paste-like rubber and an asphalt emulsion, was arranged between the lower structural block 1 and the upper structural block 2 . Table 2 below shows the detailed properties of the concrete.

Table 2

It is possible to have a compressive strength of 210 kgf / cm ² or more with the concrete to be used for producing the individual structural blocks 1 , 2 and a diffusion coefficient (an index representing the water-proof property) of 10 × 104 cm ² / s or less using the above materials according to the scheme shown in Table 2. In manufacturing the structural blocks 1 , 2 of this practical example in a factory, precast concrete prepared by mixing the above materials was poured into the first and second molds 41 and 42 , and after three hours had passed after the concrete was poured, steam was blown into the individual molds 41 , 42 to heat the concrete to 65 ° C at a rate of 20 ° C per hour. The concrete was held at this temperature for a period of 4 hours to allow setting. After the concrete was cooled to normal temperature in the usual way, the structural blocks 1 , 2 were removed from the molds 41 , 42 . The structural blocks 1 , 2 thus produced were used in this practical example. Table 3 below gives specifications of structure blocks 1 , 2 .

Table 3

The following discussion describes how the individual structural blocks 1 , 2 were installed below floor level in this practical example, with reference to FIGS. 30 and 31. Fig. 30 is a sectional side view illustrating a foundation structure and block erection work, and Fig. 31 is a plan view of a pit U2 in which the structure blocks 1 , 2 have been arranged. The box-shaped pit U2 corresponding to the living space L (see Fig. 28) was first excavated using a conventional trench cutting technique or another suitable method on the south side (right side in Fig. 30) of a foundation wall X, which is in the east-west direction was on the north side of the living space L, as shown in FIG. 30. The pit U2 prepared in this example was 1.9 m deep, 4.5 m long in the east-west direction and 3.5 m long in the north-south direction.

Four concrete friction piles U4 with a square cross section of 30 × 30 cm and a length of 6 m were driven into the bottom of the pit U2, their upper sections protruding up to 10 cm above the bottom of the pit U2, as shown in Fig. 31 is shown. Subsequently, crushed stone U3, with individual parts having an average diameter of about 40 mm, was arranged on the bottom of the pit U2 and compacted to a thickness of about 10 cm to form a foundation bed. Since each friction pile U4 of this practical example had a load bearing capacity of 7.2 tf, the four concrete friction piles U4 provided the total load bearing capacity of 28.8 tf. Since this load bearing capacity was more than twice the weight (11.7 tf) of the basement unit 10 of this example, the foundation structure produced in this way had the possibility of safely avoiding differential settlement of the house.

After completion of the foundation work described above, the lower structure block 1 was lifted by a crane and placed in its place on the bottom of the pit U2. The above-mentioned paste-like emulsion was applied to the stepped ends 15 of the lower structural block 1 with a thickness of 30 mm to form the sealing member 3 .

After the sealing member 3 dried, the upper structural block 2 was lifted by the crane and placed on the lower structural block 1 to form the lower floor unit 10 in the pit U2, as shown by broken lines in FIG. 30.

The upper structural block 2 protruded about 60 cm above the upper edges of the pit U2 when the basement unit 10 was formed in the pit U2. Gaps between the basement unit 10 and the pit U2 were then filled with crushed stone U3, so that the basement unit 10 was buried below ground level with the exception of its protruding section. Subsequently, the upper opening of the Untergeschoßein unit 10 was covered with a ceiling plate and it was installed the stairs or stairs U1, which should serve as an access to and from the living room L. The interior of the basement unit 10 was then completed to complete the basement U, as shown in FIG. 29. The upper portion of the basement unit 10 , which protruded above the floor level, was used as a foundation for the living space L.

In this practical example of period 2 the ceiling panel 1 _^1/2 days was the construction site Kon constructive tion work of assembling the structure blocks 1, in the pit U2 until completion of the installation, where this was 1/10 to 1/20 of the time, which was necessary for the completion of a similar basement by conventional construction site concrete laying techniques. This shows that the basement structure according to the invention can provide a significant reduction in the time and cost required for the basement construction.

As described above, according to the invention structure and its method of manufacture the basement structure lower structural block made of reinforced concrete, which the floor section and around giving walls, and at least one upper structural block Reinforced concrete, which surrounding walls and the ceiling section and the same Shape as the lower structural block in plan view, the upper  Structure block arranged on the top of the lower structure block or is stacked, the sealing element between the upper end of the lower structural block and the bottom end of the upper structural block is arranged, whereby a basement unit is formed. That can by dividing each basement unit into a lower structural block and at least one upper structural block made of reinforced concrete the basement unit This structure can be manufactured in a factory, even if it is a large one Size, with a considerable reduction in the Construction costs on the construction site in comparison to known sub-structures lap construction techniques result in which the entire base lap structure is constructed on the construction site.

In addition, since the sealing element between the upper end and the lower end of the corresponding separate structural blocks this seals the connection area between the structure blocks, if the top structure block is on top of the bottom structure block is arranged, which prevents the penetration of groundwater into the basement is avoided.

In the case of a conventional basement structure, which runs along a vertical plane is divided, a variety of structural blocks are made by Cable or the like. Attached to hold the sealing element. This always results but in increased construction costs and a disadvantage that a verver casual sealing effect not achieved due to reduced tension which may be caused by lengthening and / or corrosion of the wires or Cable is effected. In contrast, the sealing element is constantly through the weight of the upper structural block according to the present invention pressed. This makes bracing by cables or the like unnecessary in the Contrary to the known prior art, this leads to a reduction which contributes to construction costs and constantly ensures the penetration of Avoids groundwater in the basement.

In addition, since the basement structure already with the ceiling cut is avoided if this is installed underground this is the need for such work on site, such as relocating Beams at the top of the top structural block to the top opening of the Close basement unit, reducing the cost of construction site work is reduced.

Furthermore, since the upper end of the lower structural block and the lower end of the upper structural block with the stepped or stepped  Sections are formed which can be brought into engagement with one another or the upper and lower structural blocks can positively interact be niert and a horizontal displacement of the same can be effective be prevented. By allowing the upper and lower, graded sections a little play along the horizontal direction have, the stepped areas with each other with an elevated Degree of freedom can be engaged. This allows dimensional errors of the upper and lower structural blocks and allows fine adjustment in the erect state. Therefore, the top and bottom structure blocks easier to manufacture and the construction of the basement is getting easier.

If the sealing element is made of rubber, the connector can area of the upper and lower structural blocks safely waterproof because rubber has excellent flexibility and is waterproof shaft.

If the waterproofing treatment is on either or both inner and outer wall surfaces of the basement unit applied , groundwater can enter the basement through the surrounding walls can be prevented safely.

When the lower and upper structural blocks are made of concrete having a compressive strength of at least 210 kgf / cm ² and the bottom portion of the lower structural block and the surrounding walls of the lower and upper structural blocks are at least 150 mm thick, the lower floor has itself has a considerably large strength when it is formed by installing the lower floor unit below floor level, and the upper end of the lower floor unit can serve as a foundation for a building to be built at floor level.

If the concrete is mixed with a waterproofing mixture, can the penetration of water through the surrounding walls is safely prevented become.

If each of the lower and upper structural blocks is 2.5 to 3.5 m wide, The structural blocks for one are 0.8 to 1.6 m high and 2.5 to 9.0 m long Production, promotion, handling and transport suitable. In particular They can be used on public roads using a special Vehicle can be transported if the basement structure of a Factory is transported to a construction site where the basement is constructed or is erected.  

The lower structure block includes the upper cutout, which through Cut out an area of a flat part of the surrounding walls from the upper end is formed, and the upper structural block comprises the lower cutout corresponding to the upper cutout, the lower and upper cutouts form an opening when the upper structural block is erected on top of the lower structure block, the first, surrounding or encircling depression their bottom to the outer side of the surrounding walls, which is in the inner side of the opening are formed, and the second, circumferential depressions in the bottom to the outer side of the surrounding walls is directed and in the inner upper surface of the first circumferential recess is formed. With this sub storey structure is the door opening, which gives access between two Provides basement units by arranging the one and the other basement unit immediately next to each other, so that the openings face each other. There is a narrow one in this door opening Groove through the first circumferential recesses of the corresponding Basement units formed and it's the wide groove through the second, circumferential depressions of the same. Hence the entry of groundwater into the basement units through the openings of the ent speaking basement units by attaching backfill, d. H. a process of pouring ready-mixed concrete (e.g. water pointing mortar) into the wide groove after fitting the sealing member into the narrow groove can be avoided.

Metal parts, which are connected in one piece with reinforcing bars, which are arranged in the upper and lower structure blocks are on the bottom of the top structural block and at the top of the provided lower structure blocks, and those to the upper and lower structure Metal parts belonging to the door blocks are connected to each other when the upper structure block erected on top of the lower structure block is. In this basement structure, the basement unit becomes one unit by connecting the metal elements of the lower structural block formed with those of the upper structural block. Accordingly, the Basement unit allows greater shear resistance and bending resistance to a force acting in the horizontal direction point, which certainly avoids an undesirable event in which the upper and lower structure blocks are separated. Therefore the upper structure block is not in a horizontal direction compared to the  lower structural block shifted during an earthquake, which results in that the basement unit has excellent earthquake resistance.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention The lower structural block is created by arranging reinforcing bars in the first shape, the recess or cavity of which is the same three-dimensional Form as the lower structural block and by pouring ready-mixed concrete formed into the first shape, and it becomes the upper structural block by arrangement reinforcement bars in a second form, their recess or Cavity has the same three-dimensional shape as the upper structural block, and pouring ready-mixed concrete into the second mold. According to this Process the corresponding structural blocks by casting Ready-made concrete made in the molds. In particular, the lower one Structure block can be easily removed as the shape is facing upwards Floor is used.

The steps are in the transport method according to the invention turning each structural block 90 ° so that its longer side wall becomes parallel to a horizontal plane; an assembly of each structural block in the protective frame; and loading each structure mounted in a rack blocks on a motor vehicle together with the pallet, which such is arranged that a space between a support surface thereof and the road surface does not exceed 30 cm while on the road Vehicle is mounted, provided. According to the transportation procedure can adjust the height and width of the load on a special transport vehicle within areas in accordance with road traffic laws and -Determinations by rotating or swiveling the structural block through 90 °, so that it lies on its side, which results in the individual Structural blocks can be transported on public roads. Furthermore can the structural block from a shock or impact stress during during transport are protected by mounting in the frame.

In a preferred embodiment of the trans according to the invention port process, the frame includes the support plate for supporting each Structure blocks and the frame which over each structure block which is on the support plate is arranged, is mounted, and the frame can be firmly attached to the Support plate can be connected while it is mounted over the structural block is. Accordingly, the structural block can be mounted in the frame by mounting the Frame over the structure block after placing it on the Support plate and subsequent, firm connection of the support plate and the  Frames are held or recorded. The structure block can do this can be easily mounted or fixed in the frame.

In another preferred embodiment of the transport method further the step of unloading or unloading the on the frame assembled structural blocks provided, the step of Unloading or unloading includes: lifting the structure block rack in an inclined position using the lifting device tung; Lowering the frame onto the load-bearing device, which swiveling on a horizontal shaft for receiving the bottom end of the Frame is supported; and placing the rack on its side by tilting it or pivoting the load-bearing device around the horizontal Wave. Accordingly, a blow to the structural block may occur frame during initial charging will be affected by the load receiving device are damped. This is advantageous for unloading of the structural block without damaging it.

The installation method according to the invention comprises the steps: off dig the vertical pit in the ground, which is at least the lower structure turblock can accommodate; Form the stone foundation by depositing crushed rock on the bottom of the pit; Arrange the bottom structure turblocks, which is raised with its bottom side down, on the Stone foundation; and placing the top structural block on top of the lower structural block, the sealing element between the upper End of the lower structural block and the lower end of the upper Structural blocks is arranged, whereby the sealing element connects seals between the upper and lower structural blocks. Such the basement can easily be moved through in the vertical pit then placing the corresponding structural blocks in the vertical pit be formed. Because the crushed stone under the lower structural block is arranged when the basement is formed, the bottom of the lower structural blocks uniformly or precisely through this stone foundation are supported, thereby safely tilting or tilting the Basement is avoided. Furthermore, the connection area between the upper and lower structure blocks by the in between orderly sealing element is sealed, the penetration of groundwater into the basement can be prevented by the connection.

In a preferred embodiment of the installation process further the step of attaching a waterproof panel to the  Inside of the basement unit in the connection area between the Upper and lower structural blocks are provided where the sealing element attaches is ordered. Accordingly, the connection area between the top and lower structural blocks not only through the sealing element, but also sealed by the waterproof lining. So can the intrusion from groundwater to the basement through the connection even more secure be avoided.

In another preferred embodiment of the installation ver driving becomes the step of driving in a special number of Friction piles in the bottom of the pit before placing the lower one Structure blocks provided in this. Since a strong foundation on Bottom of the vertical pit by driving the friction piles into it can be formed, the basement has an improved resistance ability to withstand earthquakes and which is reflected by the friction piles Supported basement structure can serve as a stable foundation for one Serve the building to be built at ground level.

According to another installation method according to the invention this summarizes the steps: digging a vertical pit or recess in the Floor which can at least accommodate the foundation plate; Arrange the Concrete foundation slab on the bottom of the vertical pit; Arrange Spacers, which are formed by elastic elements on the Foundation plate at predetermined intervals to support the lower one Structure blocks; Arranging mixed or kneaded mortar, which is formed by mixing or kneading cement and sand on the funda ment plate in the same thickness to an extent that the spacers covered forming a layer of mixed mortar; Arrange the lower structural block on the layer of mixed mortar; and Arrange the top structure block on top of the bottom one Structural blocks, the sealing element between the upper end of the lower structure block and the lower end of the upper structure block is arranged, whereby the sealing element connects the connection area seals between the upper and lower structural blocks. Accordingly the lower structural block by a variety of spacers on the Foundation plate by placing the lower structural block on the floor the vertical pit to be supported after the layer of mixed Mortar was formed on the foundation plate. The mortar layer is between the bottom surface of the lower structural block and the upper one  Surface of the foundation plate is held while making dimensional errors Foundation plate and the lower structure block compensated. By leaving for a long time in this state the layer of mixed absorbs Mortar moisture from the earth, doing this a certain drain chemical reaction. This solidifies the mortar layer, thereby causing a Foundation in line with the bottom surface of the bottom To form structural blocks.

By forming the foundation from mixed mortar on this Way, the foundation manufacturing work is easier compared to one Case in which the precast concrete is poured and it can support the weight of the Basement structure through the floor over the foundation plate Men, this is a tilt or tilt of the basement structure avoided due to an unbalanced load.

A still further method according to the invention comprises the steps:
Arranging two lower structural blocks on the bottom of a vertical recess next to one another so that the upper cutouts thereof are directed towards one another; Placing the upper structural blocks on top of the corresponding lower structural blocks so that the lower cutouts thereof face each other; Fitting the sealing element into the narrow groove, which is formed by a pair of first, surrounding recesses of the formed door opening; and pouring water-repellent mortar into the wide groove, which is formed by a pair of second, surrounding recesses of the door opening. Accordingly, the door opening, which is formed by arranging the two Untergeschoßein units directly next to each other in the vertical pit, is double through the sealing element, which is fitted into the narrow groove formed in the inner surface of the door opening, and the filled in the wide groove , water-repellent mortar sealed. In this way, the penetration of groundwater into the basement units can be safely avoided by opening the corresponding basement units.

In a preferred embodiment of the Installa according to the invention tion process is also the step of attaching cross-head beams or carriers are provided at the upper ends of the surrounding walls. There a building can be built on the crossbar head, the sub floor unit effective as a foundation for a ground level too building to serve.  

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention Installation procedure is further after arranging the basement unit at the bottom of the vertical pit the step of arranging the um providing the foundation in which reinforcement bars are arranged at the upper end of the vertical pit such that the inner surface thereof in contact with the outer surface of the sub floor unit is held. Accordingly, earth pressure, which on the Basement unit will act through the surrounding foundation, wel ches the basement unit surrounds, mitigated or balanced. In particular especially if a pile foundation and / or a support foundation around the Basement unit exists, the weight of one acts on these foundations built building on the basement unit as earth pressure. That around Giving foundation, however, blocks the applied earth pressure to thereby reduce its influence on the basement unit. Accordingly, one Disadvantage of wasteful use of the building site by Reinforcing the walls of the basement unit, bringing in Ramming into the bottom of the pile foundation and support foundation and further arranging a floor section (floor area) of the building Avoid foundations in a position away from the basement unit become.

Depending on the situation, this can also happen on the floor level buildings supported by the surrounding foundation which results in the Funda containing the basement unit can serve better than a mat foundation.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention Installation procedure will also be the steps of embedding one special number of anchor elements which extend outwards by one predetermined distance in areas of the basement unit accordingly protrude from the surrounding foundation, and an arrangement of the surround the foundations provided, the anchor elements and the loading reinforcement bars are arranged. Accordingly, the surrounding funda ment and the basement unit firmly by arranging the anchor elements and of the reinforcing bars connected. This is even when a building is open the surrounding foundation is built, the weight of this building, which acts on the surrounding foundation through the floor surface of the Basement unit as well as through the floor surface of the surrounding Foundations supported. As a result, the building is better removed  supports and it will make it more resilient to earthquakes enables.

According to the other, further, installation procedure according to the invention the lower and upper structural blocks of the first and second Basement units sequentially placed in such a way that they by giving sealing element, which around the opening of the first basement clinging, pressing. In this way, the surrounding sealing element on the opening the first and second basement units under pressure stress deformed elastically by being between the first and second Basement units is squeezed. Therefore, the intrusion of Groundwater or the like in the basement through the corresponding public can be prevented safely.

Because this invention comes in different forms without leaving the Spirit of essential characteristics of the same can be realized the present embodiment is only illustrative and not restrictive, since the scope of the invention is determined by the appended claims rather than is defined by the previous description and all changes, which are within the limits and limitations of the claims, or Equivalents of such limits or limitations are intended to Claims to be included.

Claims (22)

1. Basement or basement structure comprising:
a lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) made of reinforced concrete with a bottom section ( 11 ) and surrounding walls ( 12 ); and
at least one upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) made of reinforced concrete with surrounding walls ( 21 ) and a ceiling section ( 20 ) and the same shape as the lower structural block in plan view, the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) on the top of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) is stacked or arranged, with a sealing element ( 3 ) between the upper end ( 15 , 15 a, 15 b) of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) and the lower end ( 24 , 24 a, 24 b) of the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) is arranged, whereby a basement or basement unit ( 10 , 10 a, 10 b) is formed,
wherein the upper end ( 15 , 15 a, 15 b) of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) has a stepped area and the lower end ( 24 , 24 a, 24 b) of the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a , 2 b) has a corresponding stepped area, whereby the upper end of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) engages or cooperates with the lower end of the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b). 2. Basement or basement structure according to claim 1, wherein the sealing element ( 3 ) is made of rubber. 3. basement or basement structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a waterproofing treatment is applied to either or both of the inner and outer wall surfaces of the basement unit ( 10 , 10 a, 10 b). 4. Basement or basement structure according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the upper and lower structural blocks ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b) made of concrete with a compressive strength of at least 210 kgf / cm ² are formed and the bottom portion ( 13 ) of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) and the surrounding walls ( 12 , 21 ) of the lower and upper structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b ) have a thickness of at least 150 mm. 5. Basement or basement structure according to claim 4, wherein the concrete is mixed with a waterproofing additive. 6. Basement or basement structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of the lower and upper structural blocks ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b) 2.7 to 3.6 m wide, 1 , 2 to 1.3 m high and 2.7 to 4.5 m long. 7. basement or basement structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) comprises an upper cutout ( 202 ) which by cutting out a portion of a flat part of the surrounding walls ( 12 ) is formed by its upper end, and wherein the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) has a lower cutout ( 201 ) corresponding to the upper cutout ( 202 ), the lower and upper cutouts ( 201 , 202 ) having an opening ( 200 ) when the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) is erected or stacked on the upper side of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b), with a first, surrounding or enclosing recess ( 203 ), the bottom of which faces the outside of the surrounding walls ( 12 , 21 ), is formed in the inner surface of the opening, and a second, surrounding or enclosing recess ( 205 ) which extends its bottom to the outside of the surrounding walls ( 12 ) directed, is formed in the inner surface of the first, surrounding recess ( 203 ). 8. basement or basement structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein metal parts (L1, L2, L3, L4), which are in one piece with reinforcement or reinforcing bars (F), which in the upper and lower structural blocks ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b) are arranged, connected, at the bottom end of the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) and at the upper end of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) are provided, and in which the metal parts which belong to the upper and lower structural blocks ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b) are connected to one another when the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) is placed on the top of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b). 9. A method for producing a basement or basement unit, comprising the steps of stacking or setting up at least one upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) made of reinforced concrete with surrounding walls ( 21 ) and a ceiling section ( 22 ) the top of a lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) made of reinforced concrete with a bottom section ( 11 ), surrounding walls ( 12 ) and the same shape as the upper structural block in plan view, with a sealing element ( 13 ) between the upper end ( 15 ) of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) and the lower end ( 24 ) of the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) is arranged. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) is produced by arranging reinforcement bars (F) in a first form ( 141 ), the recess or cavity ( 41 a ) has the same three-dimensional shape as the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b), and ready-mixed concrete is poured into the first mold, and wherein the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) by arranging reinforcement rods (F) in a second mold ( 42 ), the recess or cavity ( 42 a) of which has the same three-dimensional shape as the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b), and pouring prefabricated concrete into the second mold is produced. 11. A method for transporting the lower and upper structural blocks of the basement or basement unit according to claim 6, comprising the steps:
Rotate each structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b) by 90 ° so that its longer side wall becomes parallel to a horizontal plane;
Assemble each structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b) in a protective frame or structure ( 6 ); and
Loading of each structural block mounted in a frame onto a vehicle ( 7 ) together with a pallet ( 5 ) which is arranged in such a way that a space between its loading surface and the road surface does not exceed 30 cm while it is on the vehicle ( 7 ) is set. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the frame ( 6 ) a support plate ( 61 ) for supporting each structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b) and a frame ( 62 ) which is arranged or fixed over each structure block arranged on the support plate and wherein the frame ( 62 ) can be firmly connected to the support plate ( 61 ) while it is fixed over the structure block. 13. The method of claim 11 or 12, further comprising the steps of unloading the structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b) mounted in the frame ( 6 ), the step of unloading comprising:
Lifting the frame ( 6 ), which holds the structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b), in an inclined position using a lifting or crane device;
Lowering the frame ( 6 ) onto a load bearing device ( 8 ) which is pivotally supported on a horizontal shaft ( 82 ) for receiving the bottom end of the frame ( 86 ); and
Place the frame ( 6 ) on its side by tilting or pivoting the load-bearing device ( 8 ) around the horizontal shaft. 14. A method for installing the basement or basement structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps:
Digging a vertical pit or recess in the ground, which can accommodate at least the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b);
Forming a stone foundation by depositing crushed stones on the bottom of the pit or recess;
Arranging the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b), which is raised with its bottom side down, on the stone foundation; and
Arranging the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) on the upper side of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b), the sealing element ( 3 ) between the upper end ( 15 ) of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a , 1 b) and the lower end ( 24 ) of the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) is arranged, whereby the sealing element ( 3 ) from the connection area between the upper and lower structural blocks ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b) seals. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the step of attaching a waterproofing lining to the inside of the basement unit ( 10 , 10 a, 10 b) at the connection area between the upper and lower structural blocks ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b) where the sealing element ( 3 ) is arranged. 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, further comprising the step of introducing a predetermined number of friction piles into the bottom of the pit or recess before arranging the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) therein. 17. A method for installing the basement or basement structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps:
Digging a vertical pit or recess in the ground, which can at least accommodate the foundation plate ( 100 );
Placing a concrete foundation plate ( 100 ) on the bottom of the vertical pit;
Arranging spacers ( 101 ), which are formed by elastic elements, on the foundation plate ( 100 ) at predetermined intervals for supporting the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b);
Placing mixed mortar ( 102 ), which is formed by mixing or kneading cement and sand, on the foundation plate to the same thickness to the extent that the spacers ( 101 ) are covered, whereby a layer of mixed mortar ( 102 ) is formed;
Placing the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b) on the layer ( 102 ) of mixed mortar; and
Arranging the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) on the upper side of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b), the sealing element ( 3 ) between the upper end ( 15 ) of the lower structural block ( 1 , 1 a , 1 b) and the lower end ( 24 ) of the upper structural block ( 2 , 2 a, 2 b) is arranged, whereby the sealing element ( 3 ) from a connecting area between the upper and lower structural blocks ( 1 , 1 a, 1 b, 2 , 2 a, 2 b) seals. 18. The method for installing the basement or basement structure according to claim 7, comprising the steps:
Arranging two lower structural blocks ( 1 a, 1 b) on the bottom of a vertical pit or recess next to one another so that the upper cutouts ( 202 ) thereof are directed towards one another;
Arranging the upper structural blocks ( 2 a, 2 b) on the top of the corresponding lower structural blocks ( 1 a, 1 b), so that the lower cutouts ( 201 ) of the same are directed towards each other;
Fitting the sealing element ( 3 ) into a narrow groove, which is formed by a pair of first, surrounding recesses in a door opening ( 200 ); and
Pouring water-repellent or blocking mortar into a wide groove, which is formed by a pair of second, surrounding recesses in the door opening ( 200 ). 19. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, further comprising the step of attaching cross head beams ( 301 , 302 , 303 ) to the upper ends of the surrounding walls. 20. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 19, further comprising, after arranging the basement unit ( 10 , 10 a, 10 b) at the bottom of the vertical pit or recess, a step of arranging a surrounding or enclosing foundation ( 91 ), in which reinforcing bars (F) are arranged at the upper end of the vertical pit so that the inner surface thereof is held in contact with the outer surface of the basement unit ( 10 ). 21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the steps of embedding a predetermined number of anchor elements ( 9 ) which protrude by a predetermined distance in areas of the basement unit ( 10 , 10 a, 10 b) corresponding to the surrounding foundation ( 91 ) , and an arrangement of the surrounding foundation ( 91 ) with the anchor elements ( 9 ) and reinforcing bars (F) arranged therein. 22. The method for installing the basement or basement structure according to claim 7, comprising the steps:
Digging a vertical pit in the ground, which can hold at least two lower structural blocks ( 1 a, 1 b);
Placing a concrete foundation plate ( 100 ) on the bottom of the vertical pit;
Arranging spacers ( 101 ), which are formed by elastic elements, on the foundation plate ( 100 ) at predetermined intervals for supporting the lower structural block ( 1 a, 1 b) and then arranging mixed mortar ( 102 ), which by kneading or Mixing cement and sand is made on the foundation plate ( 100 ) to the same thickness to the extent that the spacers ( 101 ) are covered, thereby forming a layer ( 102 ) of mixed mortar,
Arranging a lower structural blocks (1 a) on the layer (102) of mixed mortar;
Arranging one of the upper structural blocks ( 2 a) on the top of the lower structural block ( 1 a), the sealing element ( 3 ) between the upper end ( 15 ) of the lower structural block ( 1 a) and the lower end ( 24 ) of the upper Structural blocks ( 2 a) is arranged, whereby a first lower storey unit ( 10 a) is formed;
Attaching or sticking a surrounding sealing element on the outer wall surface of the first basement unit ( 10 a) around the opening thereof; and
successively arranging the other of the lower and upper structural blocks ( 1 a, 1 b), the sealing element ( 3 ) between the upper end ( 15 ) of the lower structural block ( 1 b) and the lower end ( 24 ) of the upper structural block ( 2 b ) is arranged to form a second Untergeschoßein unit ( 10 b), so that the opening of the second basement unit ( 10 b) is aligned with that of the first basement unit ( 10 a) and the surrounding sealing element ( 3 ) firmly between the first and second basement units ( 10 a, 10 b) is held.