JP5678224B1 - Lining concrete heating curing method and formwork with heating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lining concrete curing method and a lining concrete curing device capable of improving the initial strength of lining concrete and shortening the curing time of the lining concrete. SOLUTION: The lining concrete curing method of the present invention includes a step of forming a heated room by closing the inside of the skin plate with a cover, and supplying the heated room and the skin plate by supplying superheated steam into the heated room. It is a curing method including a step of heating, a step of placing lining concrete on the outside of the skin plate, and a step of curing the lining concrete with thermal energy by superheated steam. The lining concrete curing device of the present invention includes a heated room closed by a cover disposed inside the skin plate, a superheated steam generator for generating superheated steam, and a supply duct for supplying superheated steam into the heated room. Was provided. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for heating and curing a lining concrete to be placed when tunnel construction is performed, and a formwork with a heating device.

  Tunnels may be provided in the basement, seabed, and mountains for the purpose of laying traffic routes and lifelines, mining minerals, and storing materials. For tunnel construction, a centle (formwork) with a gantry (frame) inside the foam is used. 5A and 5B are schematic views of a general centle A. FIG. This centle A is used by being installed in a hole (referred to as “mineway” in this application) S excavated in a mountain, underground, seabed or the like. The arch-shaped form C usually includes a top form E1 located at the top, a side form E2 connected to the lower parts on both sides of the top form E1, and a lower end form E3 connected to the lower part of the side form E2. ing. Each of the top end form E1, the side form E2, and the bottom end form E3 spreads outward or inward in conjunction with the movement (extension / contraction) of the top end jack F1, the side jack F2 and the bottom end jack F3 provided on the gantry B. Or close it. Each of the top end form E1, the side form E2, and the lower end form E3 includes an arch-shaped skin plate G and a waist plate (web) projecting inward from the skin plate G, as shown in FIG. A plurality of top end forms E1, side forms E2, and bottom end forms E3 webs H, which are provided in the shaft direction of the mine shaft S, are connected to each other to form one form C. .

  When tunnel construction is performed using Centr A, primary lining concrete (referred to as “spray concrete” in this application) Y is sprayed on the inner surface of the excavated rock mass as shown in FIG. A waterproof sheet Z is stretched inside the concrete Y as shown in FIG. 6 (b), and a centle A is installed inside the concrete Y as shown in FIG. 6 (c), and the waterproof sheet Z and the foam C are placed as shown in FIG. 6 (d). A secondary lining concrete (referred to as “lining concrete” in the present application) is placed between and cured. After curing, the centle A is removed and removed as shown in FIG. This operation is repeated in the axial direction of the tunnel S to complete the tunnel.

The curing time from the placement of the lining concrete X to the demolding depends on the required compressive strength, but usually it takes about 14 to 20 hours to obtain a compressive strength of 50 kg / cm ^2. Yes. However, the compressive strength may not be obtained in the curing time at a site in a low temperature environment such as a cold district. For this reason, in a low-temperature environment, the foam is heated so that a predetermined compressive strength is obtained within a predetermined curing time, or the curing time is extended until a predetermined compressive strength is obtained.

  As a method for adjusting the centre temperature to an appropriate temperature, conventionally, the opening of the centle is closed with a sheet material, and the placed concrete is heated or cooled by the conditioned air staying in the closed centle (Patent Document 1). Or a method of keeping the lining concrete warm with air heated by the hydration reaction heat of cement in the space by arranging a heat insulation panel at a position away from the foam panel and forming a space between the two (Patent Document) 2) etc. are proposed.

JP 2012-92575 A JP 2011-94417 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lining concrete heating curing method and a formwork with a heating device that can obtain a predetermined compressive strength within a predetermined time, and in particular, can improve the initial curing strength of the lining concrete. There is to do.

[Concrete concrete heating curing method]
Lining concrete warming regimen of the present invention, the heating curing method of warming curing the lining concrete is Da設outside form during construction of the tunnel construction, the spacing inside the foam skin plate of A step of forming a heating chamber that is opened and disposed between the skin plate and the heat insulating material, and a plurality of superheated steam generators installed inside the foam; a step of the skin plate of this 該Fu Omu heated by Rukoto is diffused from a plurality of locations of the superheated steam to be supplied pressurized greenhouse of the steps of pouring the lining concrete outside the skin plate, the warmed skin plate in thermal energy of the superheated steam, by a method comprising the step of heating curing the lining concrete is pouring on the outside of the form That.

  In the lining concrete heating curing method, the heating in the heating chamber with superheated steam starts (preheats) before placing concrete, or after placing starts or is finished depending on the working environment. You may start later. A heating temperature of about 20 ° C is suitable.

[Form with heating device]
The formwork with a heating device of the present invention is a formwork with a heating device that heats and cures the lining concrete placed on the outside of the foam at the time of tunnel construction. Insulating materials are arranged at intervals, and a heating chamber formed by being closed between the skin plate and the insulating material, and a plurality of units for generating superheated steam used for heating the heating chamber and the skin plate . A superheated steam generator, and a plurality of supply ducts for supplying superheated steam generated in each superheated steam generator into the heating chamber, the plurality of superheated steam generators are disposed inside the foam, Each of the plurality of supply ducts has one end connected to each superheated steam generator, and the other end connected to a different part of the heating chamber, each superheated steam generator. The generated superheated steam can be supplied diffuse from different several places of heating chamber to the pressurized greenhouse, and the skin plate heated by the thermal energy of the supplied spread superheated steam, is Da設outside of the skin plate It is a device that can heat and cure the lining concrete. A branch pipe branched into two or more may be provided on the front end side of the supply duct so that the superheated steam supplied through the supply duct can be distributed and supplied in two or more directions in the heating chamber.

In the heating apparatus-equipped form, the heat insulating material may be provided with a reflective material on the inner surface.

  The mold with a heating device includes a temperature sensor that senses the temperature in the warming chamber and a management computer that manages the temperature in the warming chamber, and the temperature information sensed by the temperature sensor is used for the management. It may be managed by a computer so that the temperature of the greenhouse can be controlled.

  In the form with the heating device, when two or more heating chambers are provided, a duct between foams that connects the heating chambers between adjacent heating chambers is disposed among the heating chambers, and supplied to one heating chamber. Superheated steam may be supplied to another warming room through the duct between foams so that the warming room can be heated by the superheated steam.

In the warming device with mold, a through hole passing through the superheated steam to the web is provided to be protruded inwardly from skin plate, overheating steam generated by a plurality of superheated steam generating apparatus in heating chamber It may be possible to diffuse. The supply duct can be branched from one and connected to each greenhouse, or a large number of supply ducts can be connected to each greenhouse. The preheating time can be shortened by distributing and supplying superheated steam from two or more locations.

The lining concrete heating curing method of the present invention has the following effects.
(1) The warming room in which the inside of the skin plate is closed with a cover is heated with superheated steam having a heat quantity larger than that of heated air, so that the heating efficiency is high and the curing time until a predetermined compressive strength is obtained is shortened. be able to. For this reason, a predetermined compressive strength can be obtained within a predetermined time even at a low temperature site.
(2) Since superheated steam has the property of diffusing itself to make the concentration uniform, it is easy to heat the inside of the heating chamber and the skin plate uniformly (including almost uniform, the same in this application), and uneven curing is less likely to occur. .
(3) If the inside of the heating chamber and skin plate are heated (preheated) with superheated steam before placing the lining concrete, the strength of the lining concrete will be expressed quickly, and the strength will be increased with the same curing time. Can do.

The formwork with a heating device of the present invention has the following effects.
(1) Heating efficiency is good because superheated steam with a large amount of heat is used to warm the warming room.
(2) Since the inside of the heating chamber and the skin plate can be uniformly heated with superheated steam that has the property of diffusing itself to make the concentration uniform, uneven curing is less likely to occur.
(3) Since superheated steam has the property of preferentially condensing in the low temperature part, when the cover is made of a heat insulating material provided with a reflective material or at least an inner surface provided with a reflective material, for example, the surface of the heat insulating material If it is equipped with a reflective foil or reflective film made of a material that can reflect superheated steam (for example, aluminum, silver, etc.), superheated steam will easily diffuse to the low temperature part (foam skin plate side) The inside of the greenhouse and the skin plate are easily heated uniformly and rapidly, and the initial strength of curing is improved.
(4) When a temperature sensor is installed in the heating chamber and the temperature can be controlled by the management computer according to the temperature detected by the sensor, overheating, underheating, uneven heating, etc. Can be prevented.
(5) When the duct between foams which connects adjacent heating chambers is arrange | positioned, the whole foam can be uniformly heated with one superheated steam generator. When a through hole through which superheated steam can pass is provided in the web protruding from the skin plate, and / or when one or two or more supply ducts are connected to one or more locations of the heating chamber, the superheated steam is efficiently It can diffuse into the greenhouse and increase the initial strength.

An example of the formwork with a heating apparatus of this invention is shown, Comprising: (a) is a perspective view of a foam, (b) is a front view of the centle provided with the foam and gantry of (a). It shows the principal part of the formwork with a heating apparatus shown in FIG.1 (b), Comprising: (a) is an enlarged view of the duct part between forms arrange | positioned between heating chambers, (b) is a supply duct. The enlarged view of the branch pipe part provided in the front-end | tip. It shows an example in the case where a temperature sensor is provided on a foam, wherein (a) is a perspective view of the entire foam equipped with a temperature sensor, (b) is a side view of (a), and (c) is a temperature sensor. The enlarged view of the attached part. The schematic diagram which shows an example of the management system of the formwork with a heating apparatus of this invention. It shows an example of a conventional centle, in which (a) is a perspective view of the centle before entering the mine shaft, (b) is a front view of the centle in the mine shaft, and (c) is a partial detail view of the foam. It shows the general procedure of tunnel construction using a centle, (a) is an explanatory diagram of the process of spraying spray concrete on the inner surface of the tunnel, (b) is an explanation of the process of installing a waterproof sheet on the inner surface FIG. 4C is an explanatory view of a process for installing a centle in a tunnel, FIG. 4D is an explanatory view of a process for placing and curing lining concrete, and FIG. 5E is an explanatory view after the centle is removed.

(Embodiment of lining concrete heating curing method)
An example of the lining concrete warming curing method of the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as “heating curing method”) will be described with reference to the drawings. This heating curing method is a heating curing method for the lining concrete X (FIG. 6 (e)) placed between the inner surface of the excavated tunnel and the foam 10 of the centle 1 disposed inside the tunnel. Yes, it includes the following steps (1) to (4).
(1) The cover 3 (FIGS. 2A and 2B) is arranged and fixed on the inside of the skin plate 2 of the foam 10 (FIG. 1), and the inside of the foam 10 (inner surface and side surfaces; the same applies in this application) is closed. And the process of forming the heating chamber 4 which uses the skin plate 2 as an outer wall.
(2) A step of heating (preheating) the heating chamber 4 and the skin plate 2 by heating the inside of the heating chamber 4 with superheated steam.
(3) A step of placing the lining concrete X on the outside of the skin plate 2.
(4) A process of heating and curing the lining concrete X that has been laid with thermal energy from superheated steam.

  Although explanation is omitted here, prior to the formation of the heating chamber 4 (the step (1)), excavation of the tunnel installation site and blowing of the shotcrete Y as shown in FIGS. It is the same as before that the preliminary preparation such as the installation of the waterproof sheet Z is performed.

[Warming with superheated steam]
The superheated steam generated by the superheated steam generator 8 is supplied into the heated greenhouse 4 through the supply duct 7 connected to the heated greenhouse 4. Superheated water vapor is colorless and transparent water vapor (H20 gas / gas) obtained by heating saturated water vapor evaporated at 100 ° C to a higher temperature at normal pressure. The three energies are condensation heat transfer, convection heat transfer, and radiation heat transfer. Have Superheated steam has a very large amount of heat compared to warm air, and therefore has a characteristic that it has a large ability to give heat to objects. Normal heat transfer is heated by convection heat transfer (0.24 cal / g / ° C.), but superheated steam contains convection heat transfer (0.48 cal / g / ° C.). It is heated by condensation heat transfer that occurs during condensation (gas becomes liquid). When this condensation heat transfer condenses as large as 539 [cal / g], a large amount of heat is applied so that it can be heated rapidly, and has a characteristic of preferentially condensing particularly in a low temperature part.

  Due to the above characteristics of the superheated steam, the superheated steam supplied to the heating chamber 4 spreads toward the low temperature part, and there is an advantage that the whole heating chamber 4 is easily heated uniformly. The heating of the heating chamber 4 with superheated steam is not limited to the timing before placing the lining concrete X, but can be started at the timing after the beginning of placing the lining concrete X, but the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of the curing time Therefore, it is preferable to heat the heating chamber 4 and the skin play 2 before placing the lining concrete X. Depending on the climatic conditions and the like, heating can be performed at any two or more timings.

[Construction of lining concrete]
The lining concrete X is placed in a space between the waterproof sheet Z stretched inside the shotcrete Y sprayed on the mine shaft S and the skin plate 2 of the foam 10 arranged inside the shot. The lining concrete X can be placed by a conventional method.

[Curing lining concrete]
After placing the lining concrete X, the lining concrete X is cured with thermal energy by superheated steam. After curing, the form 10 is removed and the centle 1 is moved to the next curing location. In order to facilitate demolding, a release agent or the like is applied to the surface of the skin plate 2.

(Embodiment of mold with heating device)
An example of the mold with a heating device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As an example, the formwork with a heating device shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) is a formwork used for tunnel construction, and is disposed on the skin plate 2 of the foam 10 and inside the skin plate 2. The heating chamber 4 closed by the covered cover 3, the superheated steam generation device 8 for generating superheated steam, and the supply duct 7 for supplying the superheated steam generated by the superheated steam generation device 8 into the heating chamber 4 It has. One end 7 a of the supply duct 7 is connected to the superheated steam generator 8 and the other end 7 b is connected to the heating chamber 4, and the superheated steam generated by the superheating steam generation device 8 is supplied into the heating chamber 4 to supply the heating chamber 4 and The skin plate 2 can be heated.

[Centre]
A centle 1 shown in FIG. 1B has an arch-shaped foam 10 (FIG. 1A) arranged outside a portal gantry 9. Wheels 12 are provided on the legs 11 of the gantry 9 and are placed on rails 13 so that they can move from the face side of the mine shaft S to the front side or in the opposite direction. The arch-shaped foam 10 includes a top end form 10a, a side form 10b connected to the lower surfaces of both ends of the top end form 10a, and a lower end form 10c connected to the lower end of the side form 10b. Each of the top end form 10a, the side form 10b, and the lower end form 10c is connected to a jack 14 (the top end jack 14a, the side jack 14b, and the lower end jack 14c) provided on the gantry 9, and the movement of the jacks 14 is performed. It can be expanded (opened) or narrowed (closed) inside by (stretching).

  Each of the top form 10a, the side form 10b, and the bottom form 10c includes an arch-shaped skin plate 2 and a web 5 projecting inwardly from the skin plate 2, and the adjacent top form A single foam 10 is formed by connecting the webs 5 of the side foam 10a, the side foam 10b, and the bottom foam 10c. The web 5 is formed with a through hole 5a (FIGS. 2A and 2B) through which superheated steam can pass, and the superheated steam supplied to one heating chamber 4 passes through the through hole 5a of the web 5. It moves to the other heating chamber 4 so that the heating chamber 4 can be heated.

[Greenhouse]
The heating chamber 4 is formed by closing the inside of the skin plate 2 of the foam 10 with a cover 3 as shown in FIGS. When the web 5 protrudes from the skin plate 2 of the foam 10, the cover 3 is provided outside the web 5 and the web 5 is accommodated in the heating chamber 4. In this case, the web 5 is provided with a through hole 5 a so that superheated steam can flow between the heating chambers 4 partitioned by the web 5. As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the cover 3 is provided closer to the skin plate 2 than the position of FIG. 2 (a) to narrow the heating chamber 4 so that the inside of the heating chamber 4 is easily heated. You can also

[cover]
The cover 3 is preferably made of a heat insulating material provided with a reflective material (made of a material capable of reflecting the heat of superheated steam) or at least an inner surface provided with a reflective material. As an example, a heat-insulating heat insulating material in which urethane-modified isocyanurate foam (foamed core material) is disposed on both surfaces of a glass mat (core material) and aluminum foil is deposited or adhered on both surfaces of the foamed core material is used. Can do. The cover 3 is closed (sealed) for each of the top end form 10a, the side form 10b, and the lower end form 10c of the foam 10, and the heated room 4 partitioned for each of the top end form 10a, the side form 10b, and the lower end form 10c. Is provided. In some cases, one cover 3 can be arranged and fixed over all the foams 10a, 10b, and 10c. In this case, a hole (connection hole) 6 is formed in a part of the cover 3, and a supply duct 7 for supplying superheated steam into the heating chamber 4 is connected (including insertion, attachment, etc.). ) You can do it. The cover 3 is arranged and fixed without gap as much as possible except for the connection hole 6 for inserting the supply duct 7 to seal the heating chamber 4, and the superheated steam supplied into the heating chamber 4 is outside the heating chamber 4. It is preferable not to escape (do not flow out).

  As shown in FIG. 2 (a), an inter-foam duct 15 is provided between the top and bottom side greenhouses 4a and 4b, and between the side and bottom side greenhouses 4b and 4c. The superheated steam supplied to the heating chamber 4 (for example, the top heating chamber 4a) can be supplied to some of the heating chambers 4 (for example, the side heating chamber 4b and the bottom heating chamber 4c) or all the heating chambers 4. Can be. The inter-foam duct 15 is preferably a flexible duct that can change the length and shape. The inter-foam duct 15 is preferably made of a material capable of reflecting the heat of superheated steam.

[Superheated steam generator]
The superheated steam generator 8 can generate superheated steam, and for example, a superheated steam hot air heater (superheated steam heater) that operates with water and electricity can be used. The water used as fuel contains drabite which is rich in magnesium in tourmaline. This water vapor diffuses itself in order to make the concentration uniform, so that there is no natural temperature unevenness and the temperature difference between the upper and lower sides can be suppressed. The temperature of the heating device can be set, and the set temperature can be confirmed on the display unit of the heating device.

  The superheated steam generator 8 may be provided anywhere as long as the superheated steam can be supplied to the heating chamber 4, but in this embodiment, it is installed on the work table 16 (FIG. 1B) of the gantry 9. . Two superheated steam generators 8 are provided on each side in the width direction of the work table 16 (four in total). One or a plurality of superheated steam generators 8 may be provided. In the case where a plurality of superheated steam generators 8 are provided, the supply duct 7 can be connected to each superheated steam generator 8 and connected to each of the heated greenhouses 4. In addition, a distribution duct (not shown) is connected to the supply duct 7 connected to one superheated steam generator 8, and these are connected to each of the greenhouses 4 so that the superheated steam can easily diffuse into the heated greenhouse 4. It can also be.

[Supply duct]
Each superheated steam generator 8 is connected to one end side 7a of the supply duct 7, and the superheated steam generated by the superheated steam generator 8 is supplied to the heating chamber 4 to which the other end side 7b of the supply duct 7 is connected. I can do it. Connected to the tip of the supply duct 7 is a T-shaped branch pipe 20 (FIG. 2B) in which the tip direction of the supply duct 7 is closed, and the supplied superheated steam is efficiently introduced into the heating chamber 4. It is designed to diffuse well. As the branch pipe 20, a cross-shaped pipe whose front end direction of the supply duct 7 is blocked (one that can be branched in four directions) can also be used.

[Temperature sensor]
As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (c), the temperature increasing chamber 4 may be provided with a temperature sensor 17 that senses the temperature inside the temperature increasing chamber 4. The temperature sensor 17 can be provided in all the greenhouses 4 or only in some of the greenhouses 4. The number of installed temperature sensors 17 and the mounting positions can be changed as appropriate according to the size, length, etc. of the center 1.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the data measured and collected by the temperature sensor 17 can be stored in the data logger 18, and the stored data is taken into a management computer (personal computer) 19 to check the heating status and the temperature. Adjustments can be made. The personal computer 19 is connected to the superheated steam generator 8 so that the set temperature can be adjusted according to the situation.

(Usage example of formwork with heating device)
A use example of the heating apparatus-equipped formwork of the present invention will be described as an example where a tunnel is constructed in a mountain.
(1) Excavate a mountain to form a mine shaft S.
(2) Spray concrete Y is sprayed on the inner surface of the tunnel S so that spring water does not leak.
(3) After spraying the shotcrete Y, the waterproof sheet Z is pasted from the inside of the shotcrete Y.
(4) After the preparations (preliminary preparations) of (1) to (3) above, the formwork with a heating device is arranged in the mine shaft S.
(5) The superheated steam generated by the superheated steam generator 8 is supplied to the heating chamber 4 to heat the inside of the heating chamber 4 and the skin plate 2. The heating temperature can be set according to conditions such as the climate of the site. The heating of the heating chamber 4 and the skin plate 2 can also be performed before placing the lining concrete X.
(6) Placing the lining concrete X on the outside of the skin plate 2. Placing the lining concrete X can be performed by a method similar to the conventional method.
(7) Curing the placed lining concrete X, demolding the foam 10 when the strength of the lining concrete X has developed, and placing the formwork with a heating device in the next placement location (usually tunnel S) To the other side).

  The heating curing method and the formwork with a heating device of the present invention can be used not only for tunnel construction in mountains but also for tunnel construction underground or on the seabed. Moreover, it can be used not only for lining concrete but also for curing mortar as required.

1 Centre 2 Skin plate 3 Cover 4 Greenhouse 4a Ceiling Greenhouse 4b Side Greenhouse 4c Bottom Greenhouse 5 Web 5a (Web) through-hole 6 hole (connection hole)
7 Supply duct 7a One end of supply duct 7b Other end of supply duct 8 Superheated steam generator 9 Gantry 10 Foam 10a Top end foam 10b Side foam 10c Lower end foam 11 Leg 12 Wheel 13 Rail 14 Jack 14a Top end jack 14b Side Jack 14c Lower end jack 15 Duct between foams 16 Work table 17 Temperature sensor 18 Data logger 19 Management computer (PC)
A Center B B Gantry
C form E1 top edge form E2 side foam E3 bottom edge form F1 top edge jack F2 side jack F3 bottom edge jack G skin plate H waist plate (web)
S tunnel X lining concrete Y shotcrete Z tarpaulin

Claims (5)

In the heating and curing method of heating and curing the lining concrete to be placed outside the foam during the construction of tunnel construction,
Placing insulating material at an interval inside the skin plate of the foam to form a warming chamber blocked by them between the skin plate and the insulating material ;
From a plurality of superheated steam generator device installed inside the foam, the pressure to the skin plate of this 該Fu Omu by Rukoto is diffused into by supplying superheated steam from a plurality of locations of heating chamber heating chamber internal temperature And a process of
Placing lining concrete on the outside of the skin plate;
The warmed skin plate in thermal energy of the superheated steam, comprising the step of heating curing the lining concrete is pouring on the outside of the form,
A lining concrete heating curing method characterized by the above. In the formwork with a heating device that heats and cures the lining concrete placed on the outside of the foam at the time of tunnel construction,
By placing a heat insulating material spaced inwardly of said foam skin plate, and greenhouse pressurized formed is closed by them during the skin plate and the heat insulating material,
A plurality of superheated steam generators for generating superheated steam to be used for heating the heating chamber and the skin plate;
A plurality of supply ducts for supplying superheated steam generated by each superheated steam generator into the heating chamber,
The plurality of superheated steam generators are disposed inside the foam,
Each of the plurality of supply ducts has one end side connected to each superheated steam generator and the other end connected to a different part of the heating chamber. Can be diffused into the heating chamber from
By warming the skin plate by thermal energy of the supplied spread superheated steam, it is possible to warm curing the lining concrete is Da設outside of the skin plate,
A formwork with a heating device. In the formwork with a heating apparatus of Claim 2,
A branch pipe branched into two or more is provided on the front end side of the supply duct so that the superheated steam supplied in the supply duct can be distributed and supplied in two or more directions in the heating chamber.
A formwork with a heating device. In the mold with a heating device according to claim 2 or 3 ,
Reflective material is provided on the inner surface of the insulation material,
A formwork with a heating device. In the mold with a heating device according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
Through holes passing through the superheated steam to the web is provided to be protruded inwardly from the skin plate, it is possible to diffuse over hot steam generated by a plurality of superheated steam generating apparatus in heating chamber,
A formwork with a heating device.

Images