DE19800215A1 - Self-supporting frame incorporating closed system of tubes, - Google Patents

Abstract

A large or small hall, or a greenhouse, has a self-supporting frame which incorporates a closed system of tubes, each hydraulically linked to the adjacent tube and carrying water or aqueous solution. Alternatively, the hot water is transported through pipes, hoses, spiral hoses, hollow cushions or other hollow bodies.

Description

The invention describes any desired structure of hall structures and plant protection devices made of pipes, hoses, hose gates, hose spirals, cushions and pipe or Hose connectors that are designed to be filled with water or aqueous solutions or water-containing substances can be filled or flooded for the purpose of Prevention of frost, for energy saving, as fire protection or for Heating or cooling that the entirety of all pipes, hoses and connectors one Diversity, preferably communicating with each other and leakproof to the outside forms closed cavities.

In German patent application 197 45 639.1 of October 16, 1997, various Possibilities described, equilateral polygonal ring, surface and bar elements to be fastened to one another by means of quick-release couplings to create half-timbered surfaces and spaces to construct, which is particularly suitable for model making but also for building construction are.

The notified process variants, even in their simple variants, are not suitable for DIY small halls, e.g. B. for private greenhouses, and devices for frost protection of plants, since the constructions either only with unacceptably high economic Effort can be created or not because of too great complexity for the Do it yourself.

Conventional building systems, however, leave no freedom in the individual design the halls or even an extension. In addition, they are not permanently corrosion-resistant Kits known except with expensive stainless steel, with which such small halls in economical construction can be erected.

Furthermore, the conventional building systems have the disadvantage that they are not self-sufficient in terms of energy Kit-integrated night heating systems included.

The same applies to large halls. No large hall constructions are known to date whose load-bearing construction elements cause a significant energy saving effect seen from possible heat insulation measures.

The kits according to the invention for hall construction have this disadvantage Hollow bodies do not. These contain few basic elements and are suitable due to their Filling with a fluid or solid containing free or bound water Heat storage medium or water transport medium by means of their suitable Construction elements for heating and cooling but also for fire protection. You are suitable  to a particular extent as greenhouses and playhouses, devices for protection individual plants or groups of plants or beds before exposure to frost, as elements of Support structure for small halls as well as large halls of any use. This Features of the invention are defined in the claims of the invention.

In the following the invention of devices that can also be manufactured in-house comprehensively described simple and complex structures using examples.

Example 1: small halls, crop protection devices, playhouses as self-assembly kits

Each kit contains the components

• 1. Hollow bodies in one or more of the shapes of tubes, hoses, hose gates, Pillows and
• 2. Hollow body connector, which is preferably the hydraulic communication of the Hollow body allows.

Depending on the option, a kit can preferably additionally contain

• - thermoplastic film as weather protection,
• - insulating material containing thermoplastic foam or film,
• - additional water-containing hollow mats made of thermoplastic film,
• - tubular and / or pillow-shaped additional water carriers,
• - stoppers or capsules for closing pipes,
• - Sorbents which can be loaded and / or loaded with water or aqueous solutions,
• - Gases or liquids as a transport medium for water or substances in the water bound form included.

Construction of small halls

By means of tubes as hollow bodies and tube connectors, preferably one-way connectors and three to six-beam multi-way connectors, are preferred

• a) annealed hexagons and / or quadrilaterals and / or triangles for those Hall areas put together, one flat surface, one cylindrical surface, one corrugated surface or a conical surface;
• b) fused triangles, quadrilaterals or pentagons for those hall areas put together, which should receive a positive, i.e. spherically curved surface or which get a more or less blunt cone point to the cone surface should.  
• c) Hexagons or octagons annealed with polygons with number of corners less than or equal to 6 for those hall areas that are negative, i.e. saddle-shaped Should receive area.

Then the annealed polygons are joined to the free connector ends by means of additional pipes to the completely communicating small hall scaffolding connected. The connector ends that remain open on the underside are then Sealing plugs or capsules or sleeves closed. It is also possible, use correspondingly cut pipes with reusable connectors as end elements.

The connector material is preferably made of brass, bronze, stainless steel or Polyolefin, the pipe is preferably made of polyolefin.

Windows and doors are made as a corresponding polygon or polygon combination made from the pipes and connectors. You can by means of known facilities such. B. Clamping tabs, hinges or even simple binding devices can be fixed to each suitable polygon or polygon combination.

When building the small hall, there can be tension states between the surface parts develop with different curvatures because of the differently bent pipes because of their different distance between the respective pipe ends Cause polygon side lengths. Because of the flexibility of the thermoplastic these tensions can be distributed evenly over the entire construction, so that Surprisingly, no problems arise from this, as experience has shown.

After installing the small hall, the installation of the night heating effect is carried out by a open connector or detached pipe at the highest point the entire open pipe and Connector system filled with preferably frost-resistant aqueous solution. Preferably high-percentage calcium chloride solution is used because it is particularly high Has heat capacity. A small air cushion is preferably used in the system Leave expansion volume for the liquid. Now the hall contains in all constructive parts a freely communicating aqueous solution.

In order to anchor the completely erected pipe connector small hall scaffold to the floor, it on rods, preferably metal rods, in the appropriate places in the floor be beaten, preferably tied with thermoplastic cords or with Self-adhesive tape can be attached to it.

Then a film is placed over the completely assembled pipe connector scaffolding placed and then the film overhang preferably piled up with earth from the outside or buried. Then the door and window opening can be cut out of the film, the film, preferably by means of a clamping device or adhesive tape at the opening is tightly fixed. Doors and windows can be covered with film in the same way.  

It has been shown by comparison with conventional greenhouses that the Greenhouse scaffold stored aqueous solution extremely effective as frost protection works. This is especially the case in early spring when the sensitive Early cultures can still be affected by frost.

Instead of a simple film, a hollow mat filled or fillable with fillers can also be used are used, containing one or more of the fillers water-containing liquid, water-containing and water-loadable sorbents, water capsules, chemically bound water containing substances.

The heated water can of course also be pumped into a heat storage tank be promoted by being available for particularly frost-prone times and then by to be promoted there again in the greenhouse construction. But it is also possible if there is a risk of frost, thermostated or heated liquid through the construction elements to pump. To do this, it may be sufficient to continuously use the solution in an underground tank to pump through the pipe system. It is warmed up during the day and can be at night Give off heat in it.

As heat storage can also be on or in the ground between the beds in the greenhouse or outside of it serve pipes or hoses that run between the Plant crops can have an additional protective function.

Where there are already greenhouses, the invention can Construction elements are also used to erect a self-supporting scaffold, e.g. B. as a trellis for cucumber, pumpkin, tomatoes or melons, which is also in the above Can act as frost protection.

Spatially communicating tubular trusses can also be produced Exterior of the greenhouse film carries and the interior z. B. the cucumber plants as a climbing aid serves.

The liquid heat storage medium present in the pipe system can also be on or in the ground z. B. also lying or standing plants to be protected Liquid containers to be communicatively connected.

To give the halls improved stability, you can use the Thermoplastic pipe pieces matching metal rods, e.g. B. from structural steel or metal pipes can be inserted or as an additional support on the outside of the hoses or pipes be arranged. Especially on warm summer days, the thermoplastic pipes lose stability, because they become softer with increasing temperature. The rod insert or support can do that be prevented. Plastic pipes are used as corrosion protection for the metal insert preferably used with oxygen diffusion protection. But it can also corrosion-resistant metal alloys are used for the inserts. Instead of Rod inserts are also sufficient, simple supporting devices made of mild steel or wood apply to which the pipe structures according to the invention are attached.  

Instead of or in addition to the polygons, you can also use hose rings or rings folded hose spirals are used. This has particularly with the Use of "endless hose" has the advantage that only a few hose connectors become necessary. With rings, even more versatile constructions can be realized than with tubular polygons put together.

Plant protection devices for individual plants, groups of plants or beds for DIY

Cold frames, groups of plants or individual plants occasionally need to appear before Frosts are protected. The system according to the invention is also advantageous for this applicable.

Cold frames are protected simply by adding one-dimensional to pipe and / or Hose strands or two-dimensional to flat grids made of pipe and / or Hose strands or three-dimensionally to form spatially spread out grids Pipe and / or hose strands preferably communicating with each other Water or antifreeze solution filled pipes and / or hoses between the Rows of plants can be arranged. About the device so arranged Hollow mats preferably filled with water, sorbed or encapsulated water or Antifreeze solution tensioned. The anti-freeze solution heated during the day has a large one Heat capacity that can protect the plants from frost at night. The pipe systems do not necessarily need to be filled with saline or an alcohol solution as an anti-freeze be. As a rule, water is sufficient if care is taken to ensure that the pipes are so flexible are that they have the additional volume required by the freezing water through their Elasticity can give space. A suitable method for filling the preferably hydraulically communicating hollow body system with liquid is preferably such that the liquid runs into the system from the lowest point on the terrain is left until the fill mark is reached at the highest point.

Single plants or groups of plants such. B. grafted standard roses, rose arches, Palm trees are protected by the fact that pipe and or around the plants Hose constructions are arranged, which are preferably well insulating and / or are arranged translucent around the tube and or hose construction. But additionally hydraulically communicating cushions and mats can also be used on their own or toroidal hoses are used.

Tubular spirals that communicate with one another can also be used for individual plants or hose tori can be used, for example the plant in the one or several spirals or tori superimposed on one another is arranged.  

Construction of playhouses

The hall construction system according to the invention is also for the construction of children's playhouses for Kindergartens or home use. How the children deal with the Small hall components greatly promote the training of the spatial-constructive oriented thinking and understanding of interaction-active systems to which it is based this is undoubtedly.

Since in this case the cavities of the individual tubes are not necessarily linked to each other need to communicate, the hollow body connector can also in these cases from full Material.

Of course, you can also do without water filling to save energy.

Example 2: Large hall construction

The use of standard components is also advantageous in large hall construction. From static The reasons for this are thermoplastics and rubber-elastic materials as pipe and Hollow body connector materials as load-bearing parts are not preferred when the load-bearing parts The structure of the hall is designed as a liquid-filled and possibly communicating pipe system becomes. Steel or aluminum can also advantageously be used there, if appropriate fiber reinforced thermosets. In principle, the same standard components can also be used here are used as in small hall construction. Because of the rigid material, the pipe pieces however, straight or with the curvature planned in each case, whereby it is preferably strictly ensured that both the amount of curvature and the same The distance between the pipe ends must be observed as precisely as possible.

Instead of filling the entire load-bearing pipe system with liquid, this can can advantageously be used there, the liquid-filled hose or To pull in pipe system that has no static functions to perform.

Instead of liquid, aqueous liquid can also be loaded with aqueous liquid Liquid-loaded sorbents, capsules, sachets or ampoules with water-based solution in the hollow bodies are filled. The latter are particularly advantageous when the hollow structure is used as a load-bearing element and against the effects of fire protect is. Unlike water, sorbents, capsules, ampoules or sachets can Do not escape through any leakage that may occur, so at least until everyone individual water tank has lost its water supply, a safe and permanent one Offers protection against overheating of the load-bearing sorbent-filled hollow structure. Under Such substances are also water-loaded or water-loadable sorbents understood that contain the water chemically bound, such as. B. acids, hydroxides, Salt hydrates and organic compounds rich in hydroxyl groups such as sugar and glycerin, optionally together in a mixture with phosphorus-containing compounds.  

With water, aqueous solution or vaporizable liquids containing hydroxyl groups loaded sorbents are particularly suitable as a filling of the invention Constructions if the constructions are used as sorption heat pumps. Here z. B. the sorbents present on the roof in the hollow bodies during the day desorbed, the desorbed liquid being dissolved in a gaseous or liquid Carrier fluid is removed and then in a sorbent-filled heat storage below Heat emission can be absorbed.

In the event that the pipe system according to the invention takes over static functions of the hall, the construction is preferably carried out using the following exemplary components:

• 1. Pipe pieces with the same distance between the ends, in the following pipes called, whose length is preferably between ten times their Outside diameter and one hundred times their outside diameter and whose wall thickness is preferably between one tenth and one Two hundredths of their outer diameter lies and their bending depending on the selected Hall topography can have the same or different curvatures;
• 2. Reusable pipe connector and disposable pipe connector with sleeves or flanges, in called the following connector, with socket inner diameters or flange dimensions, which is a non-positive gluing, welding, screwing or another Allow non-positive connection of the pipes with the connectors. At Thermoset pipes are liquid-tight connections between pipe connections and Pipes by means of thermoset-bound filaments or fibers e.g. B. in the winding process also possible.
• 3. Thermoplastic film, liquid-filled mats or other conventional Hall roofing, z. B. liquid-filled mats as Solar energy collectors act and where the fluid systems of the Hall temperature control, heat storage and solar energy collectors can be communicated with one another and can be connected in a controllable manner.

The construction principle remains the same as in small hall construction. Auxiliary scaffolding until completion the supporting elements and construction cranes are necessary. This can be done with a pump hot water can be pumped into an insulated storage tank for days where it is for the cold time as heating water for heating, whereby the hall construction itself as Radiators can serve. Of course, it is also possible to design one Use cooling circuit.

Claims (13)

1. Free, encapsulated, physically or chemically bound water containing self-supporting or supported hall and / or hood-shaped hollow body device with a total water volume, based on the existing hollow volume, between zero and one hundred percent for active protection of plants against deep Temperatures as well as for hall and building temperature control or as fire-protected Supporting structure or as a playhouse, consisting of one another by means of hollow body connectors connected hollow body. 2. Hollow body device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one Proportion of all hollow bodies water or aqueous solution in free liquid, encapsulated liquid, contains sorptively or chemically bound form. 3. Hollow body device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that at least a proportion of all hollow bodies in the device communicates with one another hydraulically. 4. Hollow body device according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that a fluid in the device is circulated permanently or temporarily. 5. Hollow body device according to claim 1 to 4 as a supporting element of buildings. 6. Hollow body device according to claim 1 to 4 as a load-bearing and / or tempering Element in greenhouses. 7. Hollow body device according to claim 1 to 4 as a tempering element in beds. 8. Hollow body device according to claim 1 to 4 as a tempering element of Single plants or groups of plants. 9. Hollow body device according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the Device from a film with weather protection and / or heat insulation properties is covered. 10. Hollow body device according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the Components are fluid-filled hollow bodies in tubular form and the hollow body connectors are fluid-filled disposable and / or reusable hose connectors. 11. Hollow body device according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the Components are fluid-filled hollow bodies in pillow form and the hollow body connectors are fluid-filled disposable and / or reusable hose connectors. 12. Hollow body device according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the fluid-filled hollow bodies have the shape of hollow mats.   13. Hollow body device according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the fluid-filled hollow body made of plastic to rubber-elastic material.