DE19749089A1 - Monolithic hollow framework for use in building construction - Google Patents

Abstract

A monolithic hollow framework comprises inner chambers which are empty, partly filled, or filled. The chambers are surrounded by filaments which form trouser shaped hollow sections, and each one is connected to three or more adjacent sections using tubular projections, except at the edges of the frame work, where only single or double connections are made.

Description

The invention describes monolithic hollow trusses made of multiple interconnected Filaments and their production with special consideration of the production by Templates and trusses. The monolithic hollow trusses consist of multiple interconnected filaments formed into trousers elements. The The process is suitable for the production of particularly light and particularly tall buildings extreme stability and particularly suitable for earthquake-prone regions.

The monolithic hollow trusses claimed by the invention from multiple together connected filaments are first described in German patent application 197 45 639.1 dated October 16, 1997, ie the main application to which this addendum relates.

Conventional trusses consist of individual bars, which at their ends in different Way mechanically connected to other bars. Such connections are e.g. B. Screws, nails, tabs, rivets, tenons. Connections are also particularly stable Welds or glue points. However, they are usually weaker or possibly also more stable, but usually not as stable as the bars themselves From a technical and economic point of view, these are often the connecting points Trusses. Reinforced concrete trusses are an exception here if the Junctions are armored accordingly, but have a number of other disadvantages, e.g. B. high weight and susceptibility to corrosion.

Another weak point of conventional trusses is their high weight. this applies for both steel skeleton constructions and reinforced concrete skeletons. But also simple ones Trusses made of wood still have a considerable weight.

In contrast to artificial trusses, natural truss constructions are included considerable stability over low weight. Examples include bones, diatoms, Seal skeletons, corals, sponges, bamboo, trees listed. They still have about the advantage that their trusses have no weak points in the connections of the bars contain. The main reason for this is that it is monolithic Trusses, i.e. trusses without seams or mechanical connection points, in short, Half-timbered structures.

So the task is to find an economical process with which easy and stable trusses can be produced, in which the truss rods together identical to nature, thus completely homogeneous without mechanical coupling elements, sweat and Adhesive joints are non-positively connected, so that they are not together welded, glued, screwed, riveted, mortised, lashed or in any other way are connected inhomogeneously.  

The method according to the invention includes monolithic hollow trusses made of homogeneous merging pants, where the positive connection between the trousers elements free of any kind of seams, glue points or other mechanical Connections and trusses for their manufacture according to claim 1 and 16 Process for their preparation according to claims 2 to 15 and 17 and their use according to claims 18 and 19.

The monolithic hollow trusses correspond in terms of their stability and lightness natural monolithic hollow trusses. The reason why they are identical to nature is that they are not Seams, glue points or mechanical connecting elements between the two contain non-positively connected trousers elements of the monolithic hollow framework. Below is the monolithic hollow truss and the process for its manufacture described.

In the monolithic hollow truss produced according to the invention, the individual exist Rods of the hollow framework made of tubular cavities, which are used in the connection between the so-called trousers elements arise. The pant elements can also be used as Connecting elements of the tubular cavities can be viewed with each other. The monolithic hollow truss according to the invention is the preferred construction for Large buildings, with multiple interconnected filaments in a cavity structure form, the finished hollow framework skeleton of the large building preferably a complete communicating closed passable cavity structure encloses.

The trouser elements of the monolithic hollow framework preferably have symmetry regular equilateral polygons or polyhedra, at least consider the imaginary Straight lines between the tubular trouser lugs of a trouser element. At least that open area in the monolithic hollow truss, which from neighboring with each other connected pants elements is formed, preferably has the symmetry in the plan view of a regular equilateral polygon, you take into account the imaginary Straight lines between the tubular approaches of the pants elements at the transition to the Pipe elements formed surface.

The trouser elements that are preferably used in an inventive monolithic hollow framework bodies are preferably characterized in that all tubular opening approaches of the trouser elements, hereinafter also referred to as "trouser legs", same opening cross-sectional areas and also the same shape of the opening cross-sections exhibit.

The simplest pants element is the three-legged pants. According to the invention, however, manufacture the hollow trusses using four or more legs. So is it is easily possible to build hollow trusses of any shape and curvature from one To make a combination of 5-, 6- and 7-legged pants. This succeeds without further ado also using only three-legged pants.

The number of pants legs (pants top = pants leg) determines the coordination of the pants. Pants of a monolithic hollow truss surface are preferably coordinated, z. B. trigonal (3 pants legs), heptagonal (7 pants legs), pants of a spatial hollow framework can be spatially coordinated, e.g. B. with pants, the symmetry of Trouser leg positions tetrahedral (4 trouser legs), cubic (4 trouser legs),  trigonal-pyramidal (4 pant legs), trigonal-bipyramidal (5 pant legs), square-pyramidal (5 legs), octahedral (6 legs), hexagonal-pyramidal (7 Legs), dodecahedral (12 legs).

The preferred variant of the monolithic hollow framework for In contrast to all previously known half-timbered structures, large buildings offer the Advantage of the possible complete inspection of the load-bearing building construction elements by the Inside of it. This variant also offers additional use of the space within the supporting elements, e.g. B. as utilities, climate and Heating facilities, inclusion of all other supply and infrastructure systems, e.g. B. Wiring, emergency stairways, escape options.

To produce this monolithic hollow truss, the preferred Process variant first an auxiliary framework as an inner template and scaffold from the in the Main elements and / or polygonal elements or from the rings also mentioned there or elements that can be assembled into rings. The individual components of the auxiliary framework contain stencils as shapers for the Production of the hollow framework according to the invention. These stencils can too can be retrofitted to the auxiliary framework. With this method the erect the most precise monolithic hollow trusses of the highest precision.

However, according to another process variant, it is also possible, although not preferred, only stencils, which do not have to be connected to each other, as form designers for the Production of the monolithic hollow framework to use. This Process variant is appropriate if prefabricated annular filament elements are used. In the explanation of the figures, this will be discussed again in detail received. With this method, less exact monolithic hollow trusses can be created less precision.

Both process variants for the production of the monolithic hollow trusses, i.e. the template-guided production and the production with the help of template-carrying Support trusses are explained in the examples with reference to figures.

According to a less preferred method variant, it is also possible to use the to manufacture monolithic hollow trusses from filaments completely without templates. This is also feasible when prefabricated annular filaments are fixed to each other which then act as shapers for the further filament covering. With this Only monolithic hollow trusses of imprecise dimensions can be obtained from the process variant become. Therefore it is not preferred.

The process variant according to the invention for producing the monolithic hollow trusses with inner framework explained as a template support.

Then one or more types of the filament-like elements mentioned below, e.g. B. structural steel wires, structural steel rods, metal strips, wire ropes, with hardenable plastics soaked rovings, soaked textile tapes, soaked nonwoven webs, soaked knitted fabrics and impregnated papers as spirals, rings, wickerwork, circular knitted fabrics through the templates shaped the seamlessly merging tube and trouser elements of the hollow framework and placed or inserted on the stencils in the selected filament element arrangement or attached to it or stretched over it.  

The individual filament elements are both firmly anchored to each other, e.g. B. by. Wrapping with wire, braiding, welding, flanging, gluing, clamping and can also be firmly anchored to the templates. Instead of Wrestling can also happen here. B. wires assembled from sections, continuous structural steel, Continuous steel tube, endless wire rope, continuous carbon fiber strand or stainless continuous structural steel be used. These continuous materials can then be interconnected in shape "Eights" on the templates and / or interwoven, woven, linked or otherwise fixed. These "endless" materials can be made from rods such. B. by Welding, screwing or sewing together Glued together as an endless material. Or they can be made from wire, tape or Pipe coils can be unwound on site and in the desired endless shape be merged. Several thin rod or tube filaments can pass through Multiple layers perform the same static function as a few thicker individual profiles.

For the optimal arrangement of several individual continuous filaments to pants, it is advantageous if the templates for receiving the appropriate number of filaments devices, e.g. B. in the shape of recesses or bores or other shapes, that fix the respective ring variety in the desired position. Preferably all Filaments are preferably with each other at as many points of contact or Intersection points are non-positively connected or intertwined. A preferred one The shape of the templates is the ellipse or the circle or a tubular or cage-shaped Section with an elliptical or circular cross-section. The templates are preferred firmly connected to the elements of the inner support or scaffolding framework.

The monolithic hollow framework produced by the method according to the invention results prefers circular-like to regular-equilateral-polygon-like shapes for the im Hollow framework remaining openings that are made after the complete Pants elements of the hollow framework result.

The monolithic hollow framework is preferably made of hollow tubular and trouser elements from the outside and inside z. B. coated by coating with fiber-reinforced binders; e.g. B. by spiral wrapping the pipes and trousers with textiles soaked in synthetic resin Tapes or resin-impregnated non-woven bandages and / or spraying with binders containing fiber sections. But it can also be used with hardening foam or in other Way coated or filled. A coating also serves to protect against corrosion; however, their preferred purpose is the frictional connection of the filaments to one another.

For the inner coating of the hollow framework, it is of course advantageous to use the inner scaffolding and / or Expand auxiliary construction. It can be useful to use the templates or To leave parts of it. However, the templates are preferably wholly or partially away. The complete dismantling of the inner template carrier framework is the preferred Variant of the method according to the invention.

In Figs. 1 to 15 the method according to the invention is by way of Examples.

A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing the monolithic hollow trusses are made of corrosion-resistant filament elements  or corrosion-protected material. Material combinations such as Continuous structural steel rod in endless thermoplastic pipe, thermoplastic coated steel strip, or Materials such as stainless steel band, galvanized continuous structural steel rod or continuous structural steel rod Stainless steel is preferred if the coating is leakproof or leakproof Foreclosure of the hollow interior of the pants and pipe elements should be dispensed with.

Preferably, to any length by coupling, gluing or Welding, thimbling or lapping with wire or other methods of The filament elements, which are repeatedly extended, are wound around each other and closed a chain or surface of twisted eighths intertwined. The twist like that Generated "endless" filaments is preferably done in such a way that they are as opposite as possible Wickerwork can be wound in such a way that, for. B. in half in a tubular element left-handed and half-right-handed ring filaments are present. The result of this wattle then consists of rods, strips and / or tubes connected to form long strands preferably as a tubular and trouser-shaped monolithic hollow framework structure, the Cavity communicates with each other. Other methods, e.g. B. the weaving, knitting or linking of the filaments is selected additionally or alternatively become.

Preferably, with relatively small cross sections of the trouser legs, these are also on the inside preferably completely or partially foamed.

For structural reasons, the shape of the tubular element cross section is preferably so chosen that the longest for non-circular or square tubular element cross sections Axis is arranged orthogonally to the hollow framework surface and not parallel to it. Therefore z. B. in the case of elliptical tubular element cross sections, the connecting line of Focal points preferably orthogonal to the monolithic hollow framework surface.

The monolithic hollow trusses according to the invention are extremely light structures in Compared to conventional construction they are much lighter than conventional ones Building constructions. This results in a much lower one, especially in high-rise construction Surface pressure on the ground. Apart from the essential lower material costs for the load-bearing structure must therefore be much less Effort for securing neighboring existing structures and for the foundation operate.

The design according to the invention with an internal scaffold basically allows the construction of the monolithic hollow truss completely without installing external scaffolding. The In principle, the structure could be erected entirely without a crane. To the Material transport through the communicable, passable cavity structure is to be optimized it makes sense, especially in high-rise buildings, the usually spatially executed half-timbering included, the building material lifting devices in centrally created consistently vertical connected monolithic hollow truss-tube-pants elements to create.

Removal of auxiliary structures for stencils from the monolithic Hollow trusses can also be advantageous through openings in the monolithic hollow truss externally can preferably be closed laterally or reversibly Openings in the trigonal, tetragonal, hexagonal, heptagonal or even higher multigonally coordinated pants elements of the monolithic hollow truss surface or  the tetrahedral, octahedral, four- and multi-sided pyramidal or bipyramidal spatially coordinated trousers elements of the monolithic hollow framework space happen.

Instead of the flange couplings for the template support framework truss, as shown in the example of FIG. 11 as a template support framework component, between the Y-shaped piece and the Y-shaped piece connector, which are preferably designed as pipes, screw couplings can be better in many cases with left and right hand threads, internal or external threads. They take up less space when dismantling and are therefore more suitable for hollow frameworks with a smaller cavity cross-section. If the Y-shaped pieces are fitted with left-hand threads, the Y-shaped piece connectors are fitted with right-hand threads and vice versa. In this case, a fitting with a left-hand and a right-hand thread serves as a coupling between a Y-shaped piece and a Y-shaped piece connector.

Instead of flat Y-shaped pieces, which are used to manufacture flat three-legged trousers of the monolithic hollow trusses can of course be shaped accordingly Support truss components are used to manufacture the other pants shapes mentioned.

This coupling variant with fittings and right and left-hand threads is ideally suited also for independent trusses, i.e. those trusses that are not free as Scaffolding components inside hollow frameworks serve as they are in the main application under truss class 1 and truss class 2 from simple rings.

Particularly preferred material for the template-support-framework framework for construction The monolithic hollow trusses according to the invention are made of lightweight flange tubes fiber-reinforced thermoset with stiffened interior also made of fiber-reinforced thermoset. Dainit can easily be erected using monolithic hollow construction structures Opening diameters in the hollow truss of approx. 50 m and building heights of over 500 m. Such heights could be used with conventional trusses comparable polygonal framework construction can not yet be realized. Despite the enormous The trusses according to the invention are characterized by structural heights due to their low weight high stability. Measures to protect neighboring structures from soil deformation Soil pressure means that they are far less complex or are eliminated entirely.

As a use of the large external surfaces between the hollow framework elements preferably in the form of equilateral polygons or circular rings, and without In the case of large buildings, there is also an area of up to 2500 square meters per polygon or circular ring photovoltaic energy generation is also an option.

Both for the use of the cavity in the monolithic hollow framework, as a temporary or permanent access or just to remove the template and or Template support scaffolding components, it is advantageous to make openings in suitable locations in the To leave the hollow framework. The opening periphery is advantageously reinforced with Filaments covered to compensate for the static weakening in the opening area.

The construction method according to the invention is particularly suitable for earthquake-prone areas monolithic hollow trusses suitable, since the hollow trusses according to the invention Withstand vibrations without breaking.  

Examples that are described with reference to the figures Manufacture of the monolithic hollow framework only with simple templates

Prefabricated filament elements can be used as rings or polygons to build the monolithic hollow framework. In addition or exclusively, non-annular filament elements can also be used. However, ring-like shapes such as ring-like single and multiple spiral spirals, single curved rods or tubes placed several times in the form of a ring, rods in the form of a ring spiral and filament elements composed of individual sections, with connectors, are also subsumed as a ring or ring shape. But also those rings that differ greatly from the circular shape, such as z. B. shown in FIG. 14. The filament elements folded into rings or polygons are coupled to one another with the known fastening means, including permanent fixation such as e.g. B. welded and adhesive connections, not permanent such. B. clips, clamps, double or multiple pipe sections, thimbles, clamps, tensioning tape, wrapping with wire, pipe clips, orthogonal and parallel couplings, Velcro tapes, adhesive tapes, tension cords, cable ties, perforated metal strips, toothed belts, toothed rings. Ring connectors of the adhesive type due to the choice of material at the ring connection point, pinion or Velcro surface are also suitable for the filament element coupling.

Fig. 1 shows in perspective a detail of such a monolithic hollow truss example, during the construction of laid into rings multiple filamentary. The filament elements, which are shown as thin lines, are preferably fixed to one another on template rings arranged orthogonally to the planned monolithic hollow framework surface, shown here as thick lines. In this example, on five template rings, which are arranged as an equilateral pentagon to form the central five-legged trousers part and around which a five-legged trouser element was then formed from ring-shaped filaments. The ring-shaped filaments of the monolithic hollow framework are shaped into the tubular projections of the trouser element by a further five template rings, also arranged orthogonally to the monolithic hollow framework surface, of which only one is shown. Of the filament elements laid into rings, only the rings above are shown for a better overview. The points where the truss-parallel filament elements are connected to the orthogonally arranged template rings are highlighted as black dots. This gives the filament elements the desired distance from each other and the monolithic hollow truss structure the desired and constant hollow truss topography. The orthogonally arranged template rings are shown in perspective. In contrast, only the filament elements parallel to the surface lying initially to the viewer are shown. The section AB from FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2. It shows the elliptical cross section of a tubular extension of the pants element, the large axis of the ellipse being arranged orthogonally to the monolithic hollow truss surface. The cut surface-parallel template rings are drawn as black dots on the ellipse. The braiding of the rings made of structural steel wires with thermoset-impregnated and then hardened glass fiber textile bandage is not shown, nor is the final covering of the inner and outer surface with sprayed and then hardened glass fiber chopped thermoset.

Fig. 3 shows an example of the combined use of ring-shaped filament elements and as a twisted ring-shaped filament elements in a monolithic hollow framework. FIG. 4 shows the section AB through the hollow framework made of multiple ring-shaped filament elements from FIG. 3. The orthogonally arranged template disks for fixing the twisted and simple ring-shaped filament elements stretched over them in an approximately parallel arrangement are not shown.

Fig. 5 shows schematically an example of a way of the winding of the multiple simple annular filament elements for covering and reinforcement with plastgetränktem textile bandage material. Overlaps of the bandages are highlighted with hatching. The template rings arranged orthogonally to the monolithic hollow truss surface for fixing the rotated and simple rings in a parallel arrangement are not shown here.

Fig. 6 shows an example of the manufacture of the hollow framework using exclusively twisted ring-shaped filament elements without the illustration of the y-shaped tubular sections used in this case as templates.

FIG. 7 shows the course of three individual ring-shaped filament elements in the form of structural steel wires from FIG. 6 which have been picked out by way of example, likewise without the illustration of the templates used. From this it is clear that the maintenance of the necessary structural steel wire density or annular filament element density in the monolithic hollow framework by parallel fixation of the structural steel wires to each other, for. B. by flitting together with wire or pressed thimbles, can be easily realized to realize the necessary branches of the filaments.

Manufacture of the monolithic hollow framework with templates and support framework as Stencil holder

Ring-like shapes such as ring-like single and multiple spiral spirals, single curved rods or tubes placed several times in the form of a ring, spiral bars and ring-shaped filament elements composed of individual sections are also subsumed here as a ring or ring. But also those rings that differ greatly from the circular shape, such as z. B. shown in FIG. 14. The filament elements folded into rings or polygons are coupled to one another with the known fastening means, including permanent fixation such as e.g. B. welded and adhesive connections, not permanent such. B. clips, clamps, double or multiple pipe sections, thimbles, clamps, tensioning tape, pipe clips, orthogonal and parallel couplings, Velcro tapes, adhesive tapes, tension cords, cable ties, perforated metal strips, toothed belts, toothed rings. Ring connectors of the adhesive type due to the choice of material at the ring connection point, pinion or Velcro surface are also suitable for the filament element coupling.

Fig. 8 shows an example of a stencil support truss of elements with the symmetry regular equilateral polygons, in this case, with the symmetry of equilateral triangles and connectors with masks and already on the stencil fixed ring spirally laid filamentary in the unfinished construction phase of the monolithic hollow truss. The figure shows the polygon elements (dotted) and polygon connectors (corrugated) of the truss. These components of the truss are primarily built. Then templates (hatched) are attached in the recesses of the polygons and connectors for the attachment of the filament elements. After that, mild steel wires (blackened) are preferably attached to the supports. The outer skin of the monolithic hollow framework is almost complete after the structural steel wires, which are laid in a spiral and fastened to each other, have been covered with textile catalytically curing glass fiber bandages. These and the following steps are not shown in FIG. 8. Then the remaining components of the inner support structure, including templates, are removed. After their removal, only the completely communicating cavity structure of the invention according to the invention remained in the monolithic hollow framework interior. Now the inner wall and the outer wall of the monolithic hollow framework are coated with catalytically curing thermoset with glass fiber sections dispersed therein. Fig. 9 shows polygon connector (corrugated) with template (hatched) as inner frame components in the side view. FIG. 10 shows the section AB through a template (hatched) from FIG. 8.

Fig. 11 shows another example of the construction of monolithic hollow trusses according to the inventive method with inner polygonal frame components for stencil fixation. These consist of pipes and pipe connectors with flanges as well as templates (dotted) in an exploded perspective view. The filament elements form a hollow framework made of multiple interwoven structural steel wires (blackened). This hollow truss can also be completed with fiber-reinforced synthetic resin coils after it has been reinforced. Then the inner scaffold, including the stencils, is removed and the communicating cavity in the interior of the monolithic hollow framework is foamed with polyurethane foam and thereby additionally stiffened.

FIG. 12 schematically shows a top view of an example of a monolithic hollow truss, which was constructed in accordance with the invention with an internal framework and template component made of a ring truss. This is primarily made up of a simple ring truss, whereby each ring consists of bent pipes with flanges welded to the pipe ends (black thick lines), and trigonal composite sheets (black thick lines) fixed between the flanges as a template, which in addition to the function, the rings to connect the inner truss with each other, which have the further function of acting as a template for the wires drawn over and intertwined as a filament element component (dotted) of the hollow truss. By wrapping the primarily tensioned wires with other tensioned wires orthogonal to the course of the originally tensioned wires, the originally equilateral triangular openings in the monolithic hollow framework become almost round openings. The filament element component (dotted) of the hollow framework has been marked here as a dotted outline without showing the individual rings. FIG. 13 shows the section AB from FIG. 12 with the two cut tubes of the inner supporting framework (black rings) and the annular periphery (dotted) made of tensioned filament element components (dotted) of the hollow framework. In this case too, once the hollow framework has been completed, the inner template-support-framework structure can be completely dismantled from a simple ring framework, so that only the desired hollow framework structure remains, which is not necessarily but then internally and externally coated with filament-containing curing binder components.

Fig. 14 shows an example of a decorative hollow monolithic system made from non-circular filaments, each line represents a plurality of interconnected filaments.

Fig. 15 shows an example of a framework, which is also suitable as a supporting framework for the construction of a monolithic hollow truss as stencil carrier. It consists of flat pipe fittings Y-piece (hatched) with internal thread and straight sleeves (dotted) bent at different angles as Y-piece connectors with internal thread and screw fittings (with hexagon) as couplings of Y-piece connectors with the Y- Pieces in perspective in an exploded view. Straight and curved sleeves, the curved sleeves are not shown here, are characterized in that they have the same distances between the ends of the sleeves. Instead of the hexagonal shaping of the screw fittings shown, these templates can be attached and fixed if the components are to serve as a supporting framework for monolithic hollow framework. The templates are not shown here. The fittings can also be designed as templates from the outset. In Fig. 15, R stands for right-hand thread and L for left-hand thread. The screw fittings then have a right-hand thread on one side and a left-hand thread on the other side. All Y-pieces have left-hand threads here, all sockets have right-hand threads. The use of this framework, which was developed specifically for the function as a supporting framework for the hollow framework, is also suitable for other purposes such as the construction of monolithic hollow frameworks, e.g. B. as a supporting structure for small halls, for the construction of scaffolding, for model kits, toy kits and thus also as therapeutic aids.

In summary, the invention can be summarized as a further embodiment of the main application as follows:
Monolithic hollow truss containing empty, partially filled or filled cavity inside the framework, which is surrounded by multiple interconnected filaments which are shaped into pants-shaped hollow parts such that each of the pants-shaped hollow parts is connected to three or more adjacent pants-shaped hollow parts by means of tubular extensions, with the exception of the incomplete ones with neighboring hollow hollow parts, hollow hollow parts coordinated at the edges of the monolithic hollow framework, where hollow hollow parts coordinated once or twice with neighboring hollow hollow parts can occur and that the non-positive connection of the hollow hollow parts with one another via the tubular extensions is seamless and homogeneous and free of mechanical connecting elements and Support framework for its manufacture.

The monolithic hollow truss can be laid out over and / or through stencils and / or produce tensioned interconnected filaments.

It can preferably be used as a template support using such support trusses produce the at least one of the features of the polygonal structural elements, the polyhedral structural elements or of rings as structural elements and the at least one of the features, fittings with left and right hand threads as couplings of trouser elements  with left-hand thread and of pipe elements with right-hand thread or of fittings with left-hand and Right hand thread as couplings of trousers elements with right hand thread and of Left-handed pipe elements included. At least a portion of the pipe elements are bent.

The monolithic hollow framework contains at least one of the components filaments or Filament fabrics, filament sections, rovings, textile tapes, non-woven tapes, organic Binders, inorganic binders, thermosetting synthetic resins, structural steel wires, Structural steel rods, wire ropes, synthetic fiber ropes.

After completion or already after partial completion of the monolithic Hollow trusses are preferred from the inside, the templates and the support truss at least partially dismantled and removed from the truss cavity.

The cavity of the monolithic hollow framework is largely against the space around it Hollow truss completed, the entire cavity of the monolithic Hollow framework communicated at least partially or completely with each other.

The cavity in the monolithic hollow framework can be closed by one or more and / or non-closable openings with the space around the monolithic hollow framework communicate and can be committed.

The cavity in the monolithic hollow framework can also be wholly or partially one or more of the media porosity, foam and liquid is filled.

The cavity in the monolithic hollow framework is preferably used for one or more Air conditioning and infrastructure used for energy storage purposes.

The supporting framework as such does not generally have to be inside hollow frameworks be erected, but can also be used as a free-standing truss in accordance with truss class 1 from the Main registration or as a free-standing ring truss in accordance with truss class 2 from the Main registration can be used.

The monolithic hollow trusses can also be used as supporting structures for large halls, Skyscrapers, tower structures and photovoltaic energy plants serve while the supporting trusses in addition to their function as tools for the construction of the monolithic Hollow trusses also as support structures for small halls, as scaffolding, as model kits, can be used as play kits and as therapy aids.

Claims (19)

1. Monolithic hollow truss containing unfilled, partially filled inside or filled cavity surrounded by multiple interconnected filaments, which are formed into pants-shaped hollow parts such that each of the pants-shaped hollow parts with three or more adjacent pants-shaped hollow parts by means of tubular extensions is connected with the exception of the incomplete pants-like neighboring hollow parts coordinated pants-shaped hollow parts on the edges of the monolithic hollow framework, where single or double coordinated pants-shaped with adjacent pants-shaped hollow parts Hollow parts can occur and that the frictional connection of the pant-shaped Hollow parts seamlessly and homogeneously and free of each other via the tubular extensions is mechanical fasteners and truss for its manufacture. 2. A method for producing a monolithic hollow framework according to claim 1 thereby characterized in that the framework made of and / or stenciled and / or tensioned interconnected filaments is produced. 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the monolithic Hollow truss is produced using support trusses as a template support. 4. The method according to claim 1 and 3, characterized in that the monolithic Hollow truss is manufactured using support trusses as a template support, the at least one of the features of the polygonal structural elements, the polyhedral Contain structural elements or rings as structural elements. 5. The method according to claim 1 and 4, characterized in that the monolithic Hollow truss is manufactured using support trusses as a template support, the at least one of the features from the circle of equilateral polygonal Truss structure elements, the equilateral polyhedral truss structure elements or of rings as truss structural elements included in the German patent application 197 45 639.1 are mentioned. 6. The method according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that the monolithic Hollow truss is manufactured using support trusses as a template support, the at least one of the features, fittings with left and right hand threads as couplings of trousers elements with left-hand thread and of tubular elements with right-hand thread or of Fittings with left and right hand threads as couplings for trouser elements Right-hand thread and pipe elements with left-hand thread included. 7. The method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the monolithic Hollow truss using one or more of the filament or component Filament fabrics, filament sections, rovings, textile tapes, non-woven tapes, organic Binders, inorganic binders, thermosetting synthetic resins, structural steel wires, Structural steel rods, wire ropes, synthetic fiber ropes is manufactured. 8. The method according to claim 1 to 7, characterized in that templates and / or Template support framework completely or for the most part after completion or already dismantled from the inside after the partial completion of the monolithic hollow framework and are removed from the truss cavity.   9. The method according to claim 1 to 8 characterized in that the cavity of the monolithic hollow framework largely against the space around the hollow framework is completed. 10. The method according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the entire cavity of the monolithic hollow framework communicated with each other at least partially or completely. 11. The method according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that the cavity in monolithic hollow framework by one or more lockable and / or not closable openings in connection with the space around the monolithic hollow framework stands. 12. The method according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that the cavity in monolithic hollow truss is accessible. 13. The method according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that the cavity in monolithic hollow framework completely or partially with one or more of the media Porosity, foam and liquid is filled. 14. The method according to claim 1 to 13, characterized in that the pant-shaped Hollow parts of the monolithic hollow truss by means of tubular extensions are connected so that their cavities communicate with each other partially or completely. 15. The method according to claim 1 to 14, characterized in that the cavity in monolithic hollow truss for one or more purposes of energy storage Air conditioning and infrastructure is used. 16. support framework according to claim 1, with at least one of the features, fittings with left and Right-hand thread as a coupling of elements with more than two thread approaches Left-hand thread, with straight and / or curved pipe elements with right-hand thread or from Elements with more than two thread approaches with right-hand thread and straight and / or bent pipe elements with left-hand thread. 17. The method according to claim 1 to 16, characterized in that the supporting framework is not as such is located inside hollow frameworks, but as a free-standing framework according to framework class 1 from German patent application 197 45 639.1 or as free standing ring truss according to truss class 2 from the German patent application 197 45 639.1 was used. 18. Use of the monolithic hollow trusses according to claim 1 to 6 and 7 to 16 as Support structures for large halls, high-rise buildings, tower buildings and photovoltaic Energy production plants. 19. Use of the trusses according to claim 1 to 17 as a truss and Template supports for the construction of hollow frameworks, as supporting structures for small halls, as scaffolds, as model kits, as toy kits and as therapeutic aids.