DE1478056B2 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MUSCLE TRAINING - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and devices for muscle training, in which the exercising Person uses their muscle strength against a resistance along a movement path.

Various well-known training methods are in the book "The Principles of Exercise Therapy" by Gardner, M. D. et al, Bell and Sons, Ltd., London 1957. The following types of Differentiated muscle training:

Isometric procedure in which the length of the muscle is constant during a static contraction is held, are carried out in such a way that the exercising person with any force against a stationary resistor works. The disadvantage here is that the load on the muscle is only in one Position is possible. As a result, the muscle in question cannot move over its entire range of motion be practiced.

This disadvantage can be true in isotonic exercises involving the external. Drag during a dynamic contraction remains constant, should be avoided. So much for the muscles, springs and weights counteract or similar, which are lifted or tensioned during the movement, but is disadvantageous, that the weights or springs must be replaced according to the force to be applied. In addition, the opposing force depends on the angular position of the member to be exercised in relation to the direction of the latter Counterforce dependent.

From US-PS 3,062,548 an exercise vehicle for isotonic training is also known, which against adjustable, but constant resistance forces are pushed during the exercise, being angular Lever moved relative to the car and this should be rolled across the floor on wheels.

Also with the device for the treatment of disturbed muscle activity, which is known from DT-PS 82535 is, it is a device for isotonic exercises in which the limb to be treated becomes a weight-loaded Wheel is brought into such a position that the pivot point or the axis of the sick Member coincides with the axis of the wheel.

From US-PS 2777439 a device for isotonic exercises is also known, in which the user a Exercise movement can perform in two directions. There is such a setting of the device possible that the movement in one direction against a resistance, the movement in the other direction, however, takes place without resistance. The resistance can also be adjusted in this way be that it changes over the range of motion according to a predetermined course.

The exercise device known from US Pat. No. 2,068,578 also works according to the isotonic process. The resistance is generated by a hydraulic fluid, which is narrowed by a pipe, but adjustable cross-section is pressed during the exercise movement.

All of the above devices have the disadvantage that the speed of movement of the exercise device depends on the effort of the practitioner.

The invention is based on the object of creating an exercise method that combines the advantages of the isometric with the advantages of the isotonic method, ie in which the force to be applied can be freely selected by the person exercising, and in which the muscles over their entire range of motion and during the exercise can be trained at a steady pace.
According to the invention, this object is achieved in that a limit speed is specified in the movement path, below which a resistance-free movement is possible and which cannot be exceeded even by maximum effort.

- ° This isokinetic method has the advantage that the drag force changes according to the force, which originates from the person practicing. This is the speed of the exercise movement during a dynamic contraction kept constant, so that the opposing force is dependent on the The amount of muscle force applied changes.

With this method, the speed of the exercise movement can be increased until reaching the Limit speed can be increased, but not

j «in addition, since with increased exertion or Tension of the muscular force the counterforce increases accordingly.

To enable exercise movements in two directions, it is advisable to set the speed in two opposite directions. aside from that it is advantageous to make the value of the limit speed adjustable. This can the procedure can be adapted to different exercise purposes and conditions.

The devices for performing the method can be designed in various ways, depending on whether hydraulic or mechanical aids are used.

In a preferred embodiment, a hydraulically operating piston-cylinder arrangement is used assumed according to US-PS 2068578, in which a piston rod with a force-absorbing part is connected and in which the ends of the cylinder are connected to one another via a flow regulator

so are. In accordance with the invention, a constant flow rate regulator is used. This can the desired speed limit can be specified.

A pressure measuring device is preferably connected to the hydraulic cylinder in order to be able to monitor and follow the exercise processes.
The device is preferably designed in such a way that two piston rods are attached to the piston, which are connected to one another via a flexible belt which runs over two pulleys, and that a crank arm with a handle is connected to a shaft of one pulley. This results in a simple embodiment of the invention, in which the arrangement can furthermore be made such that the piston with the piston rods, the belt and the pulleys are arranged in a height-adjustable housing and that the length of the crank arm is adjustable.

In another hydraulic device, the arrangement is made so that in a U-shaped Piston arranged in the lower part has a piston rod and a toothed rack is attached to this, which meshes with a toothed wheel that a pivotable stand and a pulley attached to its axis is over which a belt runs, one end of which is guided over an upper pulley on the stand and with the other end on opposite sides of one movable along the stand and handles provided slider attacks.

This device can be used in a particularly versatile manner and can be further developed by the dependent claims 9 to 12 will.

In a preferred mechanical embodiment, the device is characterized in that with a shaft via a gear transmission which is connected to part of an overrunning clutch, and the other part of the overrunning clutch is connected to a worm wheel, which is driven by an electric motor is driven by a worm.

This device can also be designed to act in both directions that opposite the worm wheel a second opposite worm wheel is arranged, which via an overrunning clutch and a gear is connected to the shaft and that one of the overrunning clutches controls the movement one shaft locks clockwise, the other locks it counterclockwise.

The device can be further developed by attaching pressure-sensitive measuring sensors as it is indicated in the dependent claims 15 and 17-20.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. It shows

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a side view of an open housing part of the device shown in Fig. 1,

Figs. 3-6 are schematic representations of different types of application of the one shown in Figs Device,

7 is a sectional view of a component of the device,

8 is a perspective view of another device embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 9 is a sectional view along section line 10-10 of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view along the section line 11-11 of FIG. 8;

11 and 12 are schematic examples of application of this embodiment of the invention,

13 shows a hydraulic drive system for the device,

14 is a circuit diagram of a modified embodiment of the hydraulic system according to FIG. 13,

15 shows a schematic representation of a mechanical device according to the invention,

FIG. 16 shows a plan view of the mechanical exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 15,

FIG. 17 is a side view of the device shown in FIG. 15,

Fig. 18 is an end view, partly in section, of the device of Fig. 16;

19 is a plan view of a second mechanical embodiment of the device according to FIG Fig. 15,

20 shows a side view of the device according to FIG. 19, partially in section,

FIG. 21 is an end view of the device according to FIG. 19, partly in section,

22 is a perspective view of an adjustable support for the mechanical device according to FIG of Fig. 21,

23 shows a section along the line 24-24 of FIG. 22;

24 shows a section along the line 25-25 of FIG. 23,

FIG. 25 is a section along line 26-26 in FIG. 24.

The drawings show exemplary embodiments of devices for performing the method according to FIG Invention shown.

The device 10 shown in Figs. 1-7 has a base plate 12 on which a rigid stand 14 is attached is. The device 10 also contains a telescopic part 16, which is in the set position by a pin 18 is secured, which in turn is located in one of several in the longitudinal direction at a distance from each other Openings 20 in the upper telescopic part 16 is inserted. A housing 22 is attached to the stand 14, which is secured in the installed position by an adjustable mounting bracket 24. The top of the case 22 carries a shaft 26 which protrudes from the housing, and in a tubular sleeve 28 on upper end of the telescopic part 16 is mounted. The shaft 26 also has a sleeve 30 at its end on, which receives an elongated crank arm 32 adjustably, the a number of in the longitudinal direction spaced openings 34 has. The openings 34 serve to receive a fastening pin 36, whereby the effective length of the crank arm 32 can be adjusted. At the outer end of the crank arm 32, a plug-in sleeve 38 is provided which releasably carries an elongated handle 40 which extends over the base plate 12 and parallel to it. It can therefore affect a person Set the base plate and take the handle 40 to operate the crank arm 32 to move the crank arm 32 to pivot about the axis of the shaft 26.

In the interior of the housing 22, a lower shaft 42 is provided parallel to the shaft 26. A pulley 44 is on shaft 26 and a pulley 46 is keyed on shaft 42. About the Pulleys 44 and 46 are placed on a flexible belt 48 or cable. The ends of the strap or cable 48 are connected by an elongated piston rod 50, in the center of which a piston 52 is formed which moves in a cylinder 54 and thus forms a hydraulic pump, details of which will be explained in connection with FIG. 13. A pressure hose 56 is connected to the pump and is connected to a pressure gauge 58 attached to the handle 40 for movement therewith is attached so that the pressure on the pressure gauge 58 can be read.

Fig. 7 shows the arrangement for holding the handle 40 in the socket 38 with locking rings 60, which secure the handle 40 in the installed position, but a rotation of the same with respect to the sleeve 38 enable.

Figures 3-6 show various types of applications of the invention in which the axis of rotation of shaft 26 is aligned with the limbs of the body can. Fig. 3 shows the alignment of the axis of the shaft 26 with the shoulder joint. Fig. 4 shows an

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Order with the axis aligned with the elbow joint. Fig. 5 shows an arrangement in which the axis of the shaft 26 coincides with the knee joint. A seat is provided, with the person on the seat leaning on the handle 40. Fig. 6 shows an arrangement in which the axis of rotation of the shaft 26 is aligned with the hip joint. Figures 8-12 illustrate another embodiment 62 of the invention having an elongated U-shaped base 64 having a seat cushion 66 attached to one end thereof. A vertical stand 68 is pivotably mounted at a hinge point in the form of a shaft 70 at the lower end of the lower part 64. Stirrups 72 for setting up the feet are arranged on the lower part 64 along the lower end of the stand 68 .

In the lower part 64 , a cylinder 74 is also provided, in which a piston is displaceably mounted, one end of which is connected to an elongated piston rod 76 rigidly attached to an elongated toothed rack 78. The rack 78 is displaceable in a U-shaped guide 80 which is fixedly attached in the lower part 64. The stand has a pulley 82 mounted at its upper end and a pulley 84 on the shaft 70, with a cable or flexible belt 86 being passed over the pulleys in such a way that positive movement of at least the lower pulley 86 is ensured when the belt 86 is moved. Such positive movement can be achieved by a toothing which is formed on the inner surface of a flexible V-belt 86 and which comes into positive engagement with the toothed pulley 84.

A slide 88 is movably mounted on the stand 68 , on which connection devices 90, 92 are provided which, as shown in FIG. 9, are connected to the ends of the belt 86 . The slide 88 has an arm 94 which extends in the lateral direction and which is provided with handles 96 which extend outward. Between the side plates forming the slide 88 are three rollers 98 with two rollers in contact with one side of the stand and the other roller in contact with the other side of the stand which is between the pairs of rollers. As a result, the slide 88 is guided vertically and can be moved on the stand 68 . The ends of the side panels of the slider 88 extend inwardly at 100 to pass the strap 86 through the slider 88 . Thus, when the stand 68 is erected vertically, the slider 88 can be moved longitudinally thereon in a manner as shown in FIG. 11, furthermore allowing corresponding angular movement of the stand 68 , if desired. The ankles are generally aligned with the axis of the shaft 70. Such a vertical up and down movement of the slide 88 causes a horizontal reciprocating movement of the rack 78 by means of a gear wheel 102 which is connected to the shaft 70 and to the pulley 84 , the gear wheel 102 depending on the up and down Downward movement of the slide 88 is rotated. As shown in FIG. 12, the stand 68 can be pivoted downward into the lower part 64. When the user takes a seat on the seat 66 , he can move the slide 88 back and forth in the horizontal direction with the handles 96, which now serve as footrests. This causes the rack 78 to reciprocate. As shown in Fig. 10, a pressure gauge 104 is provided for observation by the user so that the hydraulic pressure generated by the movement of the slide can be observed.

The hydraulic system is shown in FIG. It contains a piston 106 movable in a cylinder 108. A line 110 is connected to the cylinder 108 at one end and a line 112 is connected to its other end. A line 114 , in which a regulating valve 116 is provided, runs inward from the line 112. A line 118 branches off inward from the line 110 , in which a regulating valve 120 is installed. An intermediate piece 122 connects the regulating valves to one another and is provided with an outlet line 124 in which an intermediate piece 126 is installed, to which a pressure gauge 128 is connected. A shut-off valve 130 is also provided in line 124 . A flow regulator 132 is built into line 124 to provide constant flow. The outlet of the flow regulator 132 leads to an intermediate piece 134, at one end of which a check valve 136 is provided and at the other end of which a check valve 138 is provided. These check valves are in communication with the lines 112 and 110, so that the flow from one side of the piston to the other through the flow

jo controller for generating the constant flow runs in such a way that the speed of movement of the piston is uniform relative to the cylinder. The pressure gauge is calibrated to divide the pressure by displays the mechanical transmission ratio of the lever system to give an indication of the force, which is exerted by the user at the point of application of the force.

It will be noted that the hydraulic system of FIG. 13 allows only a constant speed of the piston 106 in both directions. In certain circumstances it is desirable to allow other movements. For example, it may be desirable to allow the user to push at a constant rate in one direction and quickly and freely withdraw in the other direction. On the other hand, it may also be desirable to enable the person exercising to pull in one direction at a constant speed and to push quickly in the other direction without forcing. These circumstances can arise when the user only wants to exercise one muscle group.

In the hydraulic system of FIG. 14, a four-way valve 200 is activated to bypass the flow regulator 132 . A bypass line 202 is connected at one end to the junction of the inlet of the regulating valve 120 with the outlet of the check valve 138 and the outlet 108.4 of the cylinder 108 ; its other end is connected to the valve 200 . A line 204 is connected at one end to the junction of the inlet of the regulating valve 116 with the outlet of the check valve 136 and the other outlet 108 B of the cylinder 108 ; its other end is connected to the valve 200 . A return line 206 has one end connected to the junction between the outlet of the flow regulator 132 and the inlets of the check valves 136 and 138 .

709 551/1

sen. The various settings of the four-way valve 200 have the following:

1. Line 202 coupled to line 206 allows piston 106 to move freely to the left;

2. Line 204 coupled to line 206 allows piston 106 to move freely to the right;

3. Neither line 202 or 204 coupled to line 206 does not allow any

• free movement.

A minimum pressure valve 208 is in series with the flow regulator 132. This valve is set to a minimum pressure of e.g. B. set about 900 g. As long as the user only exerts a force that is less than this pressure, the piston does not move. This arrangement precludes simulation by the user.

A pressure relief valve 210 is provided in parallel with the flow regulator 132 . This valve is to a maximum pressure of z. B. set about 9 kg. Should the user try to exert a force that exceeds this pressure in the system, the excess force is used up during acceleration. This arrangement limits the resistance that the machine offers the user and prevents "overtraining".

The shut-off valve 130 is also in series with the flow regulator 132 and is provided with a quick-closing device. This arrangement allows the piston 106 to be stopped in any position of its movement and allows the user to perform isometric exercise.

Instead of the hydraulic system, mechanical devices can also be used Ensure a constant speed of a handle so that the movement is over the range of motion at a predetermined speed regardless of the force exerted by the user on the Device is exercised, remains constant or stable. Various mechanical or equivalent Devices may be provided for displaying the force exerted by the user over the entire Movement range of the handle is exercised. For example, a synchronous motor that has a Gear transmission connected to one of the pulley of the device work effectively. A drive device with a low drive speed would, for. B. enable a maximum force can be exerted over the entire specified range of motion.

Such a mechanical device is shown in FIG. Here, a screw 250 is set in rotation by an electric motor 252 at a constant speed in the clockwise direction. A worm wheel 254 meshes with the worm 250 and is driven by this in the counterclockwise direction. The worm wheel 254 is fixedly attached to the outer element of an overrunning clutch 256. The worm has such a pitch that it can rotate the worm wheel in a self-locking manner. The coupling 256 serves to transmit the torque from the outer element to the inner element in only one direction and only when the inner element is already being rotated in this direction of rotation at the same speed as the outer element is rotating. The inner member of the clutch 256 is attached to a shaft 258 , which in turn is attached to a

ι ο

Gear 260 is firmly attached. A worm wheel

262 meshes with the worm 250 and is driven clockwise by this. The worm wheel 262 is on the outer member of an overrunning clutch

263 attached. The inner member of the clutch 263 is attached to a shaft 264 that is connected to a gear 266 . The gears 260 and 266 each mesh with a gear 268 which is mounted on a shaft 270 . A toothed lock washer 272 is mounted on shaft 270 and can be driven either clockwise or counterclockwise by the user. The shaft 270 corresponds to the shaft 42 of FIG. 2 and the toothed disk 272 corresponds to the toothed disk 46. The clutch 256 transmits a torque only in the counterclockwise direction. The clutch 263 transmits a clockwise torque only.

Therefore, if the user is not rotating the shaft 270 , neither of the clutches 256 or 263 will be engaged to transmit torque and the worm gear 250 will be rotated by the electric motor 252 without being under load. When the user rotates shaft 270 clockwise, shaft 258 is rotated at the "limit speed" counterclockwise and clutch 256 is engaged to drive worm 250 via gear 254, clutch 256, shaft 258, gear 260 and the gear 268 to couple the shaft 270. Regardless of what torque the person exercising is exerting on the shaft 270 , the screw 250 rotates at this constant speed and exerts an opposing additional load. Similarly, if the user rotates shaft 270 counterclockwise, shaft 264 is rotated clockwise at the limit speed and clutch 263 engages to drive worm 250 via gear 262, clutch 263, shaft 264, the To couple gear 266 and gear 268 with shaft 270.

As soon as a clutch is engaged, the system cannot be accelerated by the person exercising. what on the one-way working properties of the motor and the worm drive is due. Any force supplied to the Engagement of a clutch counteracts the reaction force of the mechanical system while the system is engaged relatively slowly gives in to the force applied. When the applied force decreases, e.g. B. when the user gets to the end of the movement, the system stops the movement.

The system thus opposes the action of the user with a kinetic resistance that is precise depends on the force it supplies, and it is always a little less from moment to moment than the force that the user applies.

The mechanical system can be further developed. The motor is connected to one voltage source 274 via a switch 276 . A speed control 278 with an autotransformer or potentiometer and a silicon rectifier is provided to adjust the speed of the motor 252 . A force sensing device, shown in the exemplary embodiment as a pressure-sensitive resistor 280 , and a current source 282 are connected to the winding of a relay 284 . If a minimum force is exerted on the resistor, the relay responds and

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turns on the motor 252. Two magnetic clutches 286 and 288 are in series between the shafts 258 and 264 arranged. The maximum torque that can be transmitted by clutch 286 can be regulated by a variable resistor 290 connected in series with a voltage source is. The maximum torque that can be transmitted by clutch 288 is determined by a variable resistor 294 connected in series with clutch 288. These Clutches start to slip at maximum torque and those that go beyond such a maximum Forces exerted by the user are consumed during acceleration.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 16, 17 and 18. The embodiment of FIG. 17 includes a left wall panel 300 and a right wall panel 302. It is also an electric motor 304 is provided, the drive shaft of which is connected to a reduction gear 306. The reduction gear has a housing attached to the left wall panel 300 by screws 308. The reduction gear also has an output shaft 310. A worm shaft 312 on which means A screw 314 is attached to a wedge 316, is fixed to the shaft 310 by means of a coupling 318 tied together. The worm shaft 312 is mounted in two bearings 320 and 322, which are in two brackets 324, 326 are attached. The brackets 324 and 326 are attached to the right wall panel 302. A thrust bearing 328 of shaft 312 has a raceway 330 that rests against shoulder 332 on the shaft. The outer one Race 334 has play towards the shaft. Two rods 336 and 338 are between the left and right wall plate 300 and 302 attached. Each of the rods has a bearing portion 340 that is in a Bore 342 is arranged in the right plate 302, and a left bearing portion 344, which is in a Hole 346 is seated in the left plate 300. Each of the rods also has an eccentric portion 348 with a large diameter and an eccentric portion 350 with a smaller diameter, which is arranged coaxially with section 348. A spring plate 352 has an opening 354, through which the shaft 312 passes with play. The spring plate 352 rests on the race 334 of the thrust bearing 328 and also on the eccentric sections 348 of the two rods 336, 338. The turning setting of the two rods 336, 338 determine the axial load on shaft 312.

The worm 314 is in mesh with two worm wheels 356 and 358. The worm wheel 356 is attached to shaft 360 by key 362, and worm wheel 358 is by means of a similar one wedge, not shown, fixedly attached to a shaft 364. The shaft 360 is in one end at one end Bearing 366 which is fitted in an opening 368 in the wall panel 302 and at its other end in one Bearing 370 mounted, which is seated in an opening 372 in the wall plate 300. An overrunning clutch 374, which transmits clockwise torque, sits on shaft 360 and carries a spur gear 375. The shaft is fixed in the longitudinal direction by two washers 376 and 378. The shaft 364 is in similarly in opening 382 in wall panel 302 and in opening 384 in wall panel 300 and has two bearings 386 and 388, two washers 390, 392, an overrunning clutch 394, which transmits a torque in the counterclockwise direction, and a spur gear 396.

A shaft 398 is supported in a bearing 400 which is inserted in an opening 402 in the wall plate 300.

^r > is fit. A gear 404 is connected to the shaft 398 and meshes with the gears 375 and 396. A sleeve 406 with an annular flange 408 is concentric with the shaft 398 and on the wall plate 300 by screws 410

ι «attached.

A depth gauge 412 has a housing 414 which is attached to the wall plate 302, and a lower A spring-loaded piston 416, one end of which rests against the worm shaft 312.

The piston is coupled to a pointer via a toothed rack and a toothed wheel for axial adjustment the worm shaft 312 to display.

In operation, the electric motor 304 rotates the worm gear 314, which is normally driven by the two Overrunning clutches 374 and 394 are decoupled from shaft 398. When the user exerts a force, which is sufficient to either drive the gear 375 at the same speed as the shaft 360 or the gear 396 to rotate at the same speed as the shaft 364, the relevant overrunning clutch 374 or 394 engaged and the worm counteracts the additional force applied to it. The greater the force exerted by the user, the greater the reaction force that works against it. However, the worm shaft 312 seeks any additional force in the axial direction against the spring plate 352 to move. The axial adjustment of the shaft depends on the additional force applied. The display of the measuring instrument 414 thus depends on the additionally applied force. Because the limit force is constant, the meter will indicate the force being exerted by the user. The spring plate can be adjusted by rotating rods 336 and 338.

Another mechanical embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. here a left wall panel 418 and a right wall panel 420 are fixed at a distance from each other Position held in place by a number of spacer blocks 422 and screws 424. An electric motor 426 has a drive shaft coupled to a 428 reduction gear. This has an output shaft 430 and a mounting bracket 432, which with Screws 434 attached to plate 420. A shaft 436 is journalled in bearing blocks 438 and 440, include roller bearings 442 and 444 and are secured to plate 420 by screws 446 and 448 are. One end of the shaft 436 is attached to the shaft 430 by a coupling 450. One Auger 452 is secured to shaft 436 by a key 454. The worm 452 is driven by the motor rotated counterclockwise. A shaft 456 is between the wall panels 418 and 420 by means of two bearings 458 and 460 which are fitted in openings 462 and 464 in the plates, and mounted by means of two thrust bearings 466 and 468. A worm wheel 470 is on shaft 456 for a Rotation attached to this. An overrunning clutch 472 for transmitting clockwise torque is arranged on the shaft 456, and a gear 474 is connected to the overrunning clutch 472. A similar shaft 476 is in bearings 478 and 480 in corresponding openings 482 and 484

stored, with thrust bearings 486 and 488, a worm wheel 490, an overrunning clutch 492, the torque transmits counterclockwise, and a gear 494 are provided. A shaft 496 is journalled in a bearing 498 which is fitted in an opening 500 in plate 418. A gear 501 is mounted on shaft 496 and engages both gears 474 and 494. The electric motor rotates worm 452 counterclockwise, around worm wheel 470 clockwise and rotate worm wheel 490 counterclockwise. However, the worm gears can not to turn the snail. A sleeve 502 with an annular flange 504 is coaxial with the shaft 496 attached to wall plate 418 by a number of screws 506.

From Fig. 21, a T-shaped intermediate piece 508 can be seen, which has a hollow square cross-section and is attached to the free end of the shaft 496. An arm 510 with a hollow square Cross-section is releasably attached within the T-piece. An arm 512 with a hollow cross-section is telescopically inserted into the arm 510 and can be opened by means of a series of holes and a pin 514 adjusted. A cross arm 516 is attached to the free end of the arm 512. That way is the distance adjustable between the cross arm 516 and the shaft 496.

A plug cap 518 sits on and in the free end of the sleeve 502. A bearing 520 for the shaft 496 fits into a central opening 522 in the cap. An annular disc 524 is through Friction associated with the bearing 520. The front of the disc has a scale graduated in degrees, the z. B. ranges from 0 ° to -180 ° and up to + 180 °. A pointer 526 is attached to the shaft 496 and lies above disk 520. The disk can be rotated to set the zero point below the pointer. The pointer then indicates the amount of rotation of the shaft 496 relative to the sleeve 502. A maximum drag pointer can be adjusted by the pointer if desired.

In operation, the shaft 496 is rotated by the user. If the strength is sufficient, one of the locking mechanisms rotating at the same speed as shaft 456 or 476 engages the overrunning clutch; the snail then works against the force that is additionally supplied during the rotation. The extra strength seeks to adjust the worm 452 and its shaft 436 in FIG. 20 to the right.

A cylindrical cap 528 (FIG. 20) is screwed into an opening 530 in the spacer block 422 and fixed in the installation position by two nuts 532 and 534. The cap has a bore 536 which is threaded at one end to receive a pressure gauge 538, and a cylinder 540 is screwed into the other end. A piston 542 with an O-ring 544 is slidably disposed in the cylinder 540. A sensing cell 546, e.g. B. a pressure sensitive resistor, is also partially housed in cylinder 540. An intermediate shaft 548 is on one End connected to the end of the worm shaft 436. On the end of the intermediate shaft 548 is a Race of a thrust bearing 550 attached, the other The raceway rests against the sensing cell 546. The bore 536 is actuated with a pressure medium of manometer 538 filled.

When the worm 452 and its shaft 436 move into are shifted in the axial direction, this arrangement is shown in FIG. 20 in the axial direction shifted to the right, and the thrust bearing 550 acts on the sensing cell 546 and the pressure gauge 538 depending on the additional force. The scale of the pressure gauge can be observed by the user.

Ό The sensing cell can come from an external voltage source or powered by batteries. The output of the sense cell k; nn a Recording device are supplied to record force-time or force-angular movement diagrams. The same sensing cell can also be used as sensing cell 280 (Figure 15).

A support arrangement 554 is shown in FIGS. 22 and 23. It is intended to use the device 21 to wear. The assembly includes a plate 556 and a mounting block 558, the attached to the plate by a screw 560. An upstanding outer tube 562 is through Screws 564 on attached to the block. A vertical inner tube 566 with a square cross J

Section is attached to the block by glue or by welding. Another outer tube 568 is slidable and telescopically arranged within tube 562. An additional inner tube 570 with a square cross-section is arranged outside of the tube 566 in a telescopic and displaceable manner. A termination 572 is attached to the top of tube 568 by screws 574. The pipe 570 is connected to the terminating piece by gluing or welding. Inside the tube 566 a nut 576 is attached by glue or by welding. A lift plate 578 is above the End plate arranged. A transverse tube 580 is provided over the lift plate. In the Bottom wall of the transverse tube, in the lifting plate and in the closure plate are central Openings formed. A bushing 581 extends through these openings. A lifting spindle 582 engages nut 576 and has an upper shaft portion that engages socket 581 is stored. A washer 586 is provided below the socket on the shaft section. One ( another washer is above the bushing and above the bottom wall of the transverse tube intended. A bevel gear 590 is on the upper part

so pinned the shaft section. A closure cap 592 is on and within one end of the transverse pipe fastened by means of screws 594. A socket 596 is in a central opening the cap and a shaft 598 is supported in this bushing. A bevel gear 600 is on pinned to one end of the shaft and meshes with the bevel gear 590.

A hand crank 602 is pinned to the other end of the shaft. An end plate 604 is on welded to the other end of the transverse pipe. A split pipe clamp 606 has a Flange 608 which is fastened to a further plate 610 by means of screws 612. A screw 614 is disposed in an opening in plates 604 and 610 and connects by means of lock nuts 616 and washers lock the clamp to the transverse tube. The sleeve clamp can be around the Screw 614 in relation to the transverse tube

to be turned around. In plates 604 and 610 as well as in flange 608 are a number of openings 618 provided. A locking pin 620 is in an aligned pair of openings in the plates 604 and 610 are operable to rotate the sleeve at any of a number of predetermined angles Vertical, d. H. to the axis of the spindle 582 to lock.

The lifting plate 578 can be rotated about the socket 581 with respect to the end piece 572. A number of openings 622 are provided in plates 578 and 572. A locking pin 624 fits into an aligned pair of the openings in these plates to guide the transverse tube in to lock any of numerous setting positions in the horizontal plane. On the circumference of the Plates 578 and 572, as well as plates 604 and 610, may be provided with appropriate markings to show their radial assignment.

The arrangement is on its support by pushing the sleeve 502 into the split sleeve-shaped Clamp and secured by tightening a screw 630. Setting the distances of the axis of the Shaft 496 can be made in three coordinates by first turning the crank, the The lifting spindle rotates via the bevel gears and the nut 576 in order to raise and close the lifting plate 578 reduce; second, by rotating the lift plate 578 with respect to the terminator 572; and by third, the sleeve 606 is rotated with respect to the end plate 604. This way the axis can of the shaft can be adjusted coaxially to the axis of the joint around which the muscle to be trained is actuated will. When exercising a muscle of the lower leg, the axis is coaxial with the knee joint

correspondingly low. If a chest muscle is to be trained, the axis becomes high, namely in height placed on the shoulder and in a diagonal as the pectoral muscles lie diagonally across the chest.

Except for the above-mentioned configurations with regard to the construction of the device described It is further emphasized that the device shown in Fig. 6 is thereby modified can that the pump and the cylinder can be installed vertically in the stand, the part of a flexible cable opposite the handle to the opposite ends of the piston rod is connected via a block and winch arrangement, which contains a stationary block, the attached to the stand, as well as a movable block attached to the end of the piston, causing the movement of the handle or the three links in linear motion on the piston which is less than the movement of the handle, which in turn depends on the reduction ratio depends on the block and winch arrangements. This allows different in the device Movement relationships are provided, without the limitations that are associated with a rack and pinion and pinion assembly could occur. The stand can also be rigidly attached to the base while being used in a vertical position, but it can also be pivoted down into its folded-down position for use in a horizontal position to allow. Instead of the usual panning during back and forth Movement of the handle allows the handles to be moved in a vertical path, with the parts moving move the body laterally with respect to the stand while moving the handle back and forth.

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709 551 Π

Claims (21)

Patent claims: 1. Method of muscle training in which the person exercising their muscle strength against a resistance begins along a movement path, characterized in that in the movement path a limit speed is given, below which a resistance-free movement is possible and which are not exceeded even by maximum effort can. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the limit speed in two opposite directions is given. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the value of the limit speed is adjustable. 4. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, with a hydraulically operating Piston-cylinder arrangement in which a piston rod with a force-absorbing Part is connected and in which the ends of the cylinder are connected to one another via a flow regulator are connected, characterized in that a flow regulator (132) for constant flow is used. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder (54, 108) a pressure measuring device (58, 128) is connected (Fig. 1, 13). 6. Device according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in that on the piston (52) two piston rods (50) are attached which are via a flexible belt (48) which is carried over two pulleys (44, 46) runs, are connected to each other, and that with a shaft (26) of the one Pulley (44) is connected to a crank arm (32) with a handle (40). 7. Device according to claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the piston (52) with the piston rods (50), the belt (48) and the pulleys (44,46) in a height-adjustable Housing (22) is arranged and that the length of the crank arm (32) is adjustable. 8. Device according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in that on the in one U-shaped lower part (64) arranged piston a piston rod (76) and on this a rack (78) is attached, which meshes with a gear (102) that on the axis of a stand (68) is pivotable and a pulley (84) is attached, over which a belt (86) runs, whose one end is passed over an upper pulley (82) on the stand and with the other End on opposite sides of one movable along the stand and with handles (96) provided slide (88) engages. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the belt (86) on its inner surface has a toothing that matches a toothing on the pulley (84) is engaged. 10. Device according to claims 8 or 9, characterized in that on both sides of the lower part (64) in the area of the stand (68) each have a stirrup (72). 11. Device according to claims 8 to 10, characterized in that on the lower part (64) a seat cushion (66) is attached and that the stand (68) is pivoted into the lower part (64) can be. 12. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that in series with the flow regulator (132) a minimum pressure valve (208) and that parallel to the flow regulator Pressure relief valve (210) is provided. 13. Device for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that that with a shaft (42, 270, 398, 496) via a gear transmission (gears 268, 260, 396, 404, 494, 501) one part of an overrunning clutch (256,394,492) is connected, and the other part the overrunning clutch with a worm wheel (254, 356, 490) in connection, which is of a Electric motor (252, 304, 426) is driven via a worm (250, 314, 452) (cf. Figures 2, 15, 17, 21). 14. Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that opposite the worm wheel (254, 356, 490) a second opposing worm wheel (262, 358, 470) is arranged, via an overrunning clutch (263, 374, 472) and a gear (gears 266, 268, 375, 408, 474, 501) is connected to the shaft (270, 398, 496) and that one of the overrunning clutches the movement of the shaft in a clockwise direction blocks the other in an anti-clockwise direction. 15. Apparatus according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the electric motor (252) can be switched on via a pressure-sensitive resistor (280). 16. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that on with the worm wheels (254,262) connected shafts (258, 264) each have a magnetic coupling (286, 288), by which the maximum torque exerted by the exercising person can be limited. 17. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that a device (414, 416, 524, 526) is provided, which depends on the axial displacement of the screw (314, 452) measures the torque with which the person exercising acts on the shaft (398, 496). 18. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the worm shaft (312) is supported via a thrust bearing (328) in the axial direction against a spring plate (352), the Ends of two rods (336,338) rest, the force of the spring plate of the displacement of the Worm (314) counteracts and that against the end of the worm shaft (312) a spring loaded standing piston (416) of a depth measuring device (412) is applied. 19. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the end of the worm shaft (436) is supported on a cylinder (540) via a pressure bearing (550), which is filled with pressure medium filled and in which a piston (542) is displaceable, the pressure of which on a with the Cylinder-related manometer (538) is transferable. 20. Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the pressure of the thrust bearing (550) to a partially in the cylinder (540) ordered sensing cell (546), ζ. Β. a pressure sensitive Resistance, is transferable. 21. Device according to claims 12, 13 to 20, characterized in that this on one Support is attached, through which its position in the three coordinate axes can be determined as desired is.