DE1267100B - Method for combating ground targets - Google Patents

Description

Methods of Combating Ground Targets The invention relates to a Method of combating ground targets from a carrier aircraft during a ground-level horizontal flight at high airspeed with dropping bodies that are designed as aerodynamically controllable glide bombs and during the triggering process initially maintain the aircraft's flight direction.

With the advancing development of air defense technology decreased both the probability of surviving a flight mission and the Effectiveness of an operation at all, so that in addition to minor operational successes before all losses could not be avoided. Also deployments in low flight with subsequent Throwing a bomb out of the looping does not bring the desired success, as in such a case Procedure the aircraft is exposed to an increased degree of air defense and the pilots are subjected to enormous stresses. Also, the accuracy of the hit such a procedure is particularly bad.

The use of guided missiles did not achieve the hoped-for result either Progress, as accuracy is only bought at the cost of the payload could.

It is the object of the invention to provide a method for combating Create ground targets, reducing the survival of the aircraft crew as well as the operational effectiveness of the aircraft in air-to-ground operations to the highest possible level is increased.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the ejection bodies after they have been triggered by using their own kinetic energy for generation aerodynamic lift force an increase above the flight altitude of the carrier aircraft win and either a looping trajectory against the direction of flight of the carrier aircraft continuing to fly at the previous altitude or fly another similar trajectory, where the trajectory to the point of impact is either determined by prior adjustment of the rudder organs of the discharge body or by Remote control from the carrier aircraft can be influenced arbitrarily.

In the process it is possible to control the warheads of the remotely controlled On-board weapons for low-level flight operations increase considerably because they are heavy Missile engines for missiles are no longer required.

Furthermore, it is possible to open the dropping weapon on the first approach aiming and releasing the target without repeating the approach is. Furthermore, the destination can be approached or overflown in low flight, see above that the danger of being exposed to the air defense for the aircraft crew a minimum is limited.

Also, following the procedure at the highest possible speed the target can be flown to or overflown, so that already due to the high speed the effectiveness of any air defense is reduced to a minimum.

It is also no longer necessary to fly over the target yourself, Rather, targets can now also be reached by the combat aircraft only in flyby be identified, be fought in deep flight at top speed.

The procedure also increases the risk of shrapnel from the bomb itself to be hit, despite the lowest altitude above or next to the target, completely switched off. So far, such self-harm to the aircraft was only under considerable effort, e.g. B. by using drop bodies with increased air resistance, avoidable, but such facilities also made the accuracy considerably degraded.

So far it was with a single aircraft without repetition of the approach it is not possible to achieve a wide spread of the drop bodies in low flight, so can now use the procedure even in the deepest flight at the highest speed even a carpet of bombs not only on a target that has already been flown over, but also be placed on a target that the aircraft can only fly to needs.

All these types of control according to the procedure have the advantage in common, that the drop body only need to be triggered when the The aircraft has already passed the targets in the pass and is at a distance from them Has won goals, d. That is, when the aircraft has long since flown out of range of the targets is like this without even having to change the flight direction and altitude that the crew fully concentrate on directing the drop bodies into the target can. By triggering the on-board weapons "in retrospect", the crew wins several precious seconds for target recognition and for the decision to drop the weapon. This time span was absent at all in low-level flight close to noise.

Some exemplary embodiments are shown in the drawing. It shows Fig. 1 the course of an attack seen from the side with a dropping body, the looping trajectory of which is predetermined and fixed before the release, F i g. 2 shows the course of an attack, also seen from the side, but with a drop body, whose looping trajectory is remotely controlled in the final phase is, F i g. 3 the course of an attack seen from the side with several dropping bodies, their looping trajectory is different in both elevation and lateral directions run, F i g. 4 shows an illustration of the course of an attack corresponding to FIG F i g. 3, but seen from the front, FIG. 5 the course of an attack from the side seen with a dropping body, its looping trajectory in the last phase is remotely controlled, with a dismantling bomb containing several individual bombs as the dropping body Is used, F i g. 6 shows the course of an attack according to FIG. 5 seen from the front, F i g. 7 shows the course of an attack seen from the side with two dismantling bombs as dropping bodies, whose looping trajectories are already in the middle phase are remote controlled, F i g. 8 shows the course of an attack according to FIG. 7 of seen in front, F i g. 9 the course of three possibilities of an attack by the Seen from the side, each with different, predictable looping trajectories the ejection body, F i g. 10 the course of an attack seen from the side, with as a dropping body one at the apex of the looping trajectory for triggering next flare is used to illuminate the battlefield, F i g. 11 shows the course of an attack in which the dropping body in phase a1 by means of Orientation aid is remote controlled, F i g. 12 shows a spatial image corresponding to that in F i g. 11 process illustrated.

As shown in FIG. 1 can be seen, the ground target 7 from the aircraft 1, which flies over the target 7 at the time to in level flight close to the ground at the highest speed, is combated by the fact that in the time span to to t1 the drop bodies 10, which are releasably attached to the aircraft 1, either with their oars can be set by fixed pre-setting or by remote control so that, after being triggered, from time t1 onwards, by means of their own kinetic energy and their own wings, they describe a looping aerodynamic trajectory against the direction of flight of the aircraft or travel any trajectory whose apex is much higher lies than the flight path of the aircraft, so that the impact time t2 of the dropping bodies on the target 7 is considerably after or behind the time t1 of triggering and even more considerably after or behind the point in time t2 of overflying the target 7. Thus, during the explosion of the drop bodies 10 on the target 7, any damage to the aircraft 1 flying at the ground clearance h by splinters can no longer occur, since the aircraft has already covered the distance a2 in the time span to to t2. F i g. 2 shows that the looping trajectory of the dropping bodies 10 can be additionally influenced in the last phase by remote control devices. If several dropping bodies are attached to an aircraft, the looping trajectories of these dropping bodies can also be designed differently, as shown in FIG. 3 can be seen. According to FIG. 4 the looping trajectories of the dropping bodies are additionally deflected in a manner known per se transversely to the direction of flight of the aircraft. If several drop bodies are arranged over the fuselage or over the wings of the aircraft, appropriate precautions have been taken to ensure that all the drop bodies are triggered at the same time by means of a single triggering device.

In this way it is possible to not only hit bomb carpets on targets that have already been flown over, but also such larger area targets To the extent that they are located considerably to the side of the aircraft's path, where the plane has already flown sideways.

For this purpose, the tail units of each of the individual drop bodies 10, 10 'set differently, so that helical or helical looping tracks are generated, with the elevator and / or rudder or ailerons within one Restricted adjustment grid are provided that allow a lockable adjustment the rudder only in one of these several previously determinable grid positions allow.

The between the time to of the overflight of the target 7 or the Flying past a target and the time t2 of the explosion of the dropping body The distance covered by the aircraft is shown in FIGS. 1 to 10 each with a. designated. In the process, the drop bodies are above the aircraft wings or the Aircraft fuselage arranged, which makes it possible that the direction of flight of the Aircraft neither during the process of presetting the drop body tail units in the movement phase a1, after the release of the ejector body in the movement phase a2 needs to be changed.

It can also be used as a dropping body, carving bombs 10 ', the mode of action of which is shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 e.g. B. can be seen in connection with remote control. According to FIG. 5 is z. B. steered the carving bomb 10 'in the last phase of the trajectory by remote control, while according to FIG. 7 and 8, two disintegration bombs are remotely steered in their looping trajectories before they have reached the greatest height. Here, too, the looping trajectories, as shown in FIG. 8 it can be seen, laterally, that is, transversely to the flight direction of the aircraft, are deflected in a manner known per se. It is also possible to design the looping flight path height differently. A special selector switch, which is not explained in more detail and with the aid of which the looping trajectory can be determined in advance, can be used for this purpose, so that, as shown in FIG. 9, different heights H, H ', H "of the flight paths can be achieved. Thus, different flight distances a2 or a"' and a2 "in the time span from to to t2 or t2 and t2 ', ie from overflying the target to for the impact of the drop bodies on the target 7, are covered by the aircraft, so that the aircraft is long out of any danger zone when the bombs hit the target.

According to the invention, flares 11 can also be used as a drop body find how this z. B. in Fig. 10 is shown.

When using known television cameras in the dropping or Missile is made the descent trajectory by a crew member of the aircraft steered remotely to the destination with the help of the television image transmitted to the aircraft.

The first orientation of the crew member that the missile steers (steering gate), always takes place according to the television picture. The one from the television camera The recorded target scene looks different from the missile than from the aircraft. Because from the aircraft the target is visible from the side, from the missile it is visible during the descent path, however, from a bird's eye view.

To facilitate orientation during the first few seconds of the Remote control process can - if available - prominent terrain points such. B. River, Highway, sea coast, etc., can be used. The goal is always more geometrical Relationship to this overall target scene. But if there are no prominent points it is intended to artificially create such points in the target area. this happens in that after flying over the target or after flying past the target with known means the flight path of the aircraft by means of a few seconds on-board spray device is made visible.

In the television picture, taken from a bird's eye view of the missile, this trajectory segment becomes in the form of a white or dark colored line become visible in the field. This line in the area is each in a unique geometric relationship to the goal. At the near end the line becomes wider, on the other hand, be very narrow at the far end, corresponding to the one used to spread the Dye available time.

In Fig. Fig. 12 is a remote control operation in the one shown in Fig. 11 of the Attack seen on the side recorded in the space image. It can be seen that the Target 7 is to the left of the trajectory by the amount b. Because in that case this For example, there are no prominent points in relation to target 7 - the Mountain ridges indicated are not suitable for this purpose - it is used as an orientation for the Steering gates of the artificial fog strip marked 65 are used.

Claims (6)

Claims: 1. A method for combating ground targets from one Carrier aircraft during high speed near-ground horizontal flight with drop bodies, which are designed as aerodynamically controllable glide bombs and initially maintain the aircraft's flight direction during the release process, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the discharge body (10, 10 ') after their release by using their own kinetic energy for generation aerodynamic lift force an increase above the flight altitude (h) of the carrier aircraft (1) win and either a looping trajectory against the direction of flight of the carrier aircraft continuing to fly at the previous altitude or fly another similar trajectory, with the trajectory to the point of impact (7) either determined by prior adjustment of the control organs of the discharge body or can be arbitrarily influenced by remote control from the carrier aircraft. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge body (10, 10 ') is also steered in a direction that leads laterally to the flight path of the carrier aircraft can be. 3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the dropping bodies are equipped with low-light-sensitive television cameras, which interact with receiving devices in the carrier aircraft. 4. Procedure according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that during night use in the apex the trajectory with parachuted flares ejected from the drop bodies will. 5. Process according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at Combating ground targets of greater extent a carpet of bombs is laid, with the individual drop bodies are in helical or helical looping paths move. 6. The method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that to facilitate a remote-controlled target approach when flying past the target (7), the path of the carrier aircraft is briefly made visible by colored or non-colored spray (65) on the screen of the television camera. Considered publications: German Patent Nos. 301628, 301861, 303 594, 424 903, 424 904, 439 195, 471582, 472 253, 474163, 549 127; French Patent No. 1206 202; British Patent No. 317,774; U.S. Patents Nos. 2,399,954, 2,649,262, 2,680,578, 2,792,190, 2,831,912, 3,041,011, 3,065,930, 3,136,595; "Flight" magazine, October 19, 1956, p. 638 and October 3, 1958, p. 4/5.