DE1264661B - Mineralisches und synthetisches Schmiermittel - Google Patents

Mineralisches und synthetisches Schmiermittel

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Publication number
DE1264661B
DE1264661B DEU9517A DEU0009517A DE1264661B DE 1264661 B DE1264661 B DE 1264661B DE U9517 A DEU9517 A DE U9517A DE U0009517 A DEU0009517 A DE U0009517A DE 1264661 B DE1264661 B DE 1264661B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
acid
salt
aliphatic
mineral
dialkanolamine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEU9517A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Henry Antoni Cyba
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universal Oil Products Co
Original Assignee
Universal Oil Products Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universal Oil Products Co filed Critical Universal Oil Products Co
Priority to DEU9517A priority Critical patent/DE1264661B/de
Priority claimed from GB2464/63A external-priority patent/GB1028565A/en
Publication of DE1264661B publication Critical patent/DE1264661B/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M137/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/10Thio derivatives
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    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10Semi-solids; greasy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10N2070/00Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02Concentrating of additives
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

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Description

  • Mineralisches und synthetisches Schmiermittel Aus der USA.-Patentschrift 2 709156 sind Mineralöle bekannt, die als Antioxydationsmittel ein öllösliches Additionsprodukt einer Alkylditbiophosphorsäure und eines Säureamids enthalten.
  • Aufgabe der Erfindung war es, mineralische und synthetische Schmiermittel durch Zusatzstoffe gegen Zersetzung zu stabilisieren, die nicht nur eine Oxydation verhindern, den Viskositätsindex des Schmiermittels verbessern und Korrosionserscheinungen der geschmierten Teile verhindern, sondern die darüber hinaus sich gegenüber den bekannten Antioxydationsmitteln dadurch auszeichnen, daß sie bessere Löslichkeit besitzen, als Dispergiermittel für eventuell gebildete Ablagerungen wirken und die in der Lage sind, Säuren in dem Schmiermittel zu neutralisieren. Hierzu sind die bekannten Schmiermittelzusätze nicht in der Lage.
  • Erfindungsgemäß ist ein ein Alkyldithiophosphorsäuresalz enthaltendes mineralisches und synthetisches Schmiermittel dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein Umsetzungsprodukt aus 0,25 bis 2 Äquivalenten einer Dithiophosphorsäure der allgemeinen Formel worin R und R' Wasserstoff, einen gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, Schwefel, Stickstoff und/oder Phosphor substituierten aromatischen oder C,_2o-aliphatischen Rest bedeuten, und einem Äquivalent eines Kondensationsproduktes aus einer Di- oder Polycarbonsäure, deren Anhydride oder einem Gemisch derselben und einem N-aliphatischen Dialkanolamin mit 1 bis 50 C-Atomen im N-aliphatischen Rest, enthält.
  • Die aliphatische Gruppe am Stickstoffatom des Dialkanolamins enthält vorzugsweise etwa 12 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatome und die Alkanolgruppe jeweils etwa 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatome. Beispielsweise handelt es sich um N-aliphatisches Di-(1-methyläthanolamin), N - aliphatisches Di - (1- äthyläthanolamin), N - aliphatisches Di - (1 - hexyläthanolamin), N - aliphatisches Di - (2 - methyläthanolamin) oder N - aliphatisches Di - (2 - hexyläthanolamin), N - aliphatische Dipropanolamine, Dibutanolamine, Dipentanolamine, Dihexanolamine oder höhere Dialkanolamine. Im Handel erhältliche derartige Substanzen sind beispielsweise N - Talgdiäthanolamin, N - Sojadiäthanolamin, N-Kokosdiäthanolamin und N-Stearyldiäthanolamin.
  • Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann in dem Umsetzungsprodukt das N-aliphatische Dialkanolamin teilweise durch ein Alkyldiol, wie Diäthylenglycol, Dipropylenglycol, Dibutylenglycol, 1,2-Dihydroxyhexan, 1,2-Dihydroxydodecan oder 1,3-Dihydroxydodecan, ersetzt sein, so daß das Stabilisierungssalz eine gute Löslichkeit im Öl bei einem etwas niedrigeren basischen Stickstoffgehalt besitzt: Der basische Stickstoff braucht nicht unbedingt Bestandteil der Hauptpolymerkette zu sein. In Betracht kommen auch Kondensationsprodukte der Carbonsäure oder ihres Anhydrids mit dem Monomer wie 2 - (N - Dialkylamino) - 1,3 - propandiol, 2 - (N-Alkylamino) - 2 - alkyl -1,3 - propandiol, 2 - (N - Dialkylamino) - 2 - alkyl -1,3 - propandiol, 2 - (N - Alkylamino) -1,4 - butandiol, 2 - (N - Dialkylamino)-1,4-butandiol, 2 - (N - Dialkylamino) - alkyl -1,4 - butandiol. Als Carbonsäurekomponente kommen auch Gemische von Di- und Polycarbonsäuren in Betracht, wie beispielsweise ein Dilinolsäuregemisch etwa folgender Durchschnittsformel Bei der Herstellung des Kondensationsproduktes für das zu verwendende Salz können auch Alkenylsäureanhydride, wie Dodecenyl-Bernsteinsäureanhydrid oder Bernsteinsäureanhydrid mit kürzerem oder längerem Alkylsubstituenten, ferner aliphatisch substituierte Aashydride, wie Adipinsäureanhydride und Glutarsäureanhydride, verwendet worden sein.
  • Vorzugsweise wurde das Umsetzungsprodukt aus einer Dithiophosphorsäure gewonnen, in der mindestens eine der Gruppen oder besser beide Gruppen R und R' aus Alkylgruppen zweckmäßigerweise mit 5 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen bestehen. Die Alkylgruppen können gerade oder verzweigte Ketten haben und primäre, sekundäre und bzw. oder tertiäre Substituenten sein. Auch können R und R' gleiche oder verschiedene Alkylgruppen sein.
  • Wenn R und bzw. oder R' eine Arylgruppe enthalten, kann diese aus Phenyl oder substituierten Phenylgruppen einschließlich Methylphenyl (Tolyl), Dimethylphenyl (Xylyl) und ähnlichen Diäthyl-, Propyl-, Dipropyl-, Butyl-, Amyl-, Hexyl-, Heptyl-, Octyl- und Nonylphenylgruppen bestehen. In Betracht kommen auch Benzyl, Phenäthyl, Phenpropyl, Phenbutyl; Naphthyl, Methylnaphthyl, Äthylnaphthyl, Propylnaphthyl, Butynaphthyl oder Naphthylmethyl, Naphthyläthyl, Naphthylpropyl und Naphthylbutyl. Wenn der Substituent eine Cycloalkylgruppe enthält, kann er aus Cyclohexyl, Methylcyclohexyl, Äthylcyclohexyl, Propylcyclohexyl, Butylcyclohexyl, Cyclohexylmethyl, Cyclohexyläthyl; Cyclohexylpropyl und Cyclohexylbutyl bestehen. Wenn der Substituent ein halogenhaltiges Radikal enthält, kann er aus p-, m-, o-Chlorphenyl, o- oder p-Bromphenyl, o,p-Dichlorphenyl, Trichlorphenyl, Tetrachlorphenyl, Pentachlorphenyl, o,p-Dibromphenyl, Tribromphenyl, Tetrabromphenyl, Chlormethyl, Chloräthyl, Chlorpropyl, Chlorbutyl, Brommethyl, Bromäthyl, Brompropyl und Brombutyl bestehen.
  • Wenn das Kondensationsprodukt mit einer ungesättigten Säure hergestellt worden.ist, wurde die Dithiophosphorsäure zweckmäßigin solcher Menge mit diesem umgesetzt, daß so viele Phosphatäquivalente vorhanden sind wie die basischen Äquivalente und die Doppelbindungen in dem Kondensationsprodukt zusammen.
  • Für gewisse Stabilisierungszwecke besteht gemäß der Erfindung das Salz vorzugsweise aus dem Umsetzungsprodukt von 0,25 bis 0,75 Äquivalenten Alkyldithiophosphorsäure mit einem Äquivalent des Kondensationsproduktes. Diese teilweise neutralisierten Produkte bieten die Vorteile einer gesteigerten Löslichkeit und verbesserter Reinigungs- sowie Dispergiereigenschaften, und ferner besitzen sie säureneutralisierende.Eigenschaften.
  • Die Stabilisierung nach der Erfindung ist besonders vorteilhaft für Öle, die beim Lagern, Transport oder Gebrauch einer Zersetzung infolge Oxydation, Ozonierung, Polymerisierung, hoher Temperatur oder aus anderen Gründen unterliegen, wie insbesondere Schmieröl. Der Salzzusatz bewirkt Oxydationsverhinderung (Peroxydzersetzer), Verhinderung von Lagerkorrosion oder von Ringverstopfung, extremer Drücke sowie von Reibung; Schutz gegen Abnutzung und Abrieb, Fließpunktsherabsetzung, Verbesserung des Viskositätsindexes, Dispergierung und Reinigung. Dies gilt vor allem für die verschiedenen Arten aliphatischer Ester, Polyalkylenoxyde, Silicone, Phosphorsäure-und Kieselsäureester, stark mit Fluor substituierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, von denen Di-(2-äthylhexyl)-sebacat in verhältnismäßig großem gewerblichem Maßstab gebraucht wird.
  • Bei den Schmierölen erreicht man eine Verzögerung oder Verhinderung von Ablagerungen oder Schlammbildung, Dispergierung einer eventuell gebildeten Ablagerung, Verzögerung oder Verhinderung von Verfärbung, Oxydation und Korrosion.
  • Zum Nachweis des technischen Fortschrittes wurde ein Vergleich mit den Zusatzstoffen vorgenommen, die Schmiermitteln gemäß der USA.-Patentschrift 2709156 zugesetzt werden sollen. Unter vergleichbaren Versuchsbedingungen wurde wie im Falle der genannten USA.-Patentschrift auch für Schmieröle mit Zusatzstoffen nach der vorliegenden Erfindung der Gewichtsverlust eines Lagermetalls ermittelt. Um vergleichbare Werte hinsichtlich der Metallbeschaffenheit und Versuchsdauer zu erhalten, wurde sowohl im Falle der in der USA.-Patentschrift 2 709156 beschriebenen Versuche wie auch im Falle der mit Zusatzstoffen nach der . vorliegenden Erfindung durchgeführten Versuche der Verbesserungsfaktor errechnet, indem man den Gewichtsverlust des behandelten Metalles bei Verwendung des gleichen Schmieröles mit dem betreffenden Zusatz teilte. Dabei erhielt man für die Zusätze A und B gemäß der USA.-Patentschrift 2 709156 Verbesserungsfaktoren von 4,5 bzw. 3,6, im Falle der Verwendung des Salzes des nachfolgenden Beispiels 1 dagegen einen Verbesserungsfaktor von 368, was besagt, daß die nach der Erfindung verwendeten Zusatzstoffe zu Schmiermitteln deren korrodierende Wirkung auf Lagermetalle bis etwa 100mal so stark vermindern wie die in der USA.-Patentschrift 2709156 beschriebenen Zusatzstoffe.
  • Das nach der Erfindung zu verwendende Salz ist eine viskose Flüssigkeit oder ein fester Stoff und kann als solches oder in geeignetem Lösungsmittel, wie gesättigten paraffinischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, Alkoholen, Ketonen, auf den Markt gebracht werden.
  • Die folgenden Beispiele dienen zur Erläuterung der Erfindung. Für die Herstellung der Salze wird kein Schutz beansprucht. Beispiel 1 Das verwendete Salz ist das O-Capryl, O-Hexyldithiophosphorsäuresalz des Kondensationsproduktes von N-Talgdiäthanolamin mit Maleinsäureanhydrid. Die Dialkyldithiophosphorsäure wird durch Umsetzung von je 4 Mol Caprylalkohol und Methylisobutylcarbinol mit 2 Mol Phosphorpentasulfid bei 80°C und Filtration nach beendeter Schwefelwasserstoffentwicklung hergestellt (Gesamtmoläquivalentgewicht von 370,5). 177,5 g N-Talgdiäthanolamin (0,5 Mol) in 200 g Xylol werden unter Rückfiuß mit 49 g Maleinsäureanhydrid (0,5 Mol) 11 Stunden lang erhitzt. 8,5 cms Wasser werden aufgefangen. 100 g (0,25 Mol) Kondensationsprodukt werden dann mit 92,5 g (0,25 Mol) der erhaltenen Dithiophosphorsäure in Gegenwart von Benzol als Lösungsmittel umgesetzt. Die Reaktion ist exotherm. Dann wird das Gemisch auf 41'C erwärmt und das Produkt auf einem Dampfbad bei 90°C 4 Stunden lang weiter erwärmt. Das Benzol wird durch Erhitzen auf einem Dampfbad unter Vakuum entfernt. Das entstandene Salz ist eine schwach braune, schwere Flüssigkeit mit einem Brechungsindex nö von 1,4953.
  • Beispiel 2 Zur Verwendung kommt das Düsoamyldithiophosphorsäuresalz eines Mischpolymers, das durch gemeinsame Polymerisation von 80 Gwichtsprozente Lauryhnethacrylat und 20 Gewichtsprozent ß-Diäthylaminoäthylmethacrylat bei etwa 60°C während ungefähr 18 Stunden unter heftigem Rühren in Gegenwart von Benzylperoxyd als Katalysator erhalten wird. Das Salz wird hergestellt, indem man bei Zimmertemperatur 217,5 g des Mischpolymers mit 15,95 g Diisoamyldithiophosphorsäure vermischt. Es tritt eine exotherme Reaktion ein, die ein schweres, viskoses, bernsteinfarbenes Öl liefert.
  • 2 Gewichtsprozent des Salzes werden in einem hochraffinierten paraffinischen Schmieröl aufgelöst, und die erhaltene Lösung wird in einem Falexgerät auf Schutz gegen Abnutzung geprüft, wobei etwa abgeänderte Bedingungen angewandt werden. Das Falex-Prüfgerät ist in einem Buch »Lubricant Testingu von E. G. E 11 i s, herausgegeben von Scientific Publications, 1953, S. 150 bis 153, beschrieben.
  • Bei dieser Prüfung wird ein sich drehender Zapfen in zwei V-förmige Lager eingesetzt, die gegen den Zapfen mittels einer zangenartigen Anordnung federbelastet sind. Bei der modifizierten Methode wird 5 Minuten eine Anfangslast von 17 at aufgesetzt, dann 5 Minuten lang auf 34 at und schließlich 5 Minuten auf 51 at gesteigert.
  • Das in obiger Weise hergestellte Salz wurde auch auf seinen Viskositätsindex und Fließpunkt bewertet. 5 °/a des Salzes wurden in einem Pennsylvania-Kurbelgehäuseöl S. A. E. Nr. 20 aufgelöst, und Viskositätsindex und Fließpunkt wurden ermittelt. Eine Probe des Öls ohne Zusatzstoff hatte einen Viskositätsindex von 103,9 und einen Fließpunkt von -12,2°C. Im Gegensatz hierzu hatte eine Ölprobe mit 5 Gewichtsprozent des. obengenannten Salzes einen Viskositätsindex von 119,2 und einen Fließpunkt von -20°C. Beispiel 3 Das verwendete Salz ist das O-Isopropyl-O-capryldithiophosphorsäuresalz des im Beispiel 2 beschriebenen Mischpolymers. Das Salz wurde durch Vermischen von 33,3 g O-Isopropyl-O-caryldithiophosphorsäure und 435 g Mischpolymer hergestellt. Es trat eine exotherme Reaktion ein, und das Produkt wurde als ein fahl-bernsteinfarbenes, schweres, viskoses Öl gewonnen. Beispiel 4 Das verwendete Salz ist O,O-Dicapryldithiophosphorsäuresalz des im Beispiel 2 beschriebenen Mischpolymers und wurde durch Vermischen von 144,1 g des Mischpolymers mit 11,12 g O,O-Dicapryldithiophosphorsäure hergestellt. Es trat eine exotherme Reaktion ein. 155,22 g des Salzes wurden als schweres, viskoses Öl gewonnen.
  • Beispiel 5 Das verwendete Salz wurde wie folgt hergestellt. Das Mischpolymer wurde durch Rückfiußerhitzung von 98g Maleinsäureanhydrid mit 372g N-Soyadiäthanolamin in 200 g Xylol gewonnen. 15,5 cm3 Wasser wurden innerhalb 5 Stunden Rückfiußerhitzung bei etwa 154°C aufgefangen. Das Xylollösungsmittel wurde durch Erhitzung unter Vakuum entfernt, und das Produkt war ein sehr viskoses Öl mit einem basischen Stickstoffgehalt von 1,53 meq/g.
  • 65,3 g (0,1 Äquivalent) dieses Mischpolymers wurden mit 16,67 g (0,05 Äquivalente) O,O-Dicapryldithiophosphorsäure bei Zimmertemperatur vermischt. Es trat eine exotherme Reaktion ein. 81,97 g Salz wurden als sehr viskoses Öl gewonnen. Es ist zu bemerken, daß das Dithiophosphat in einem Verhältnis von 1/2 Äquivalent je 1 Äquivalent basischer Stickstoff im Mischpolymer verwendet wurde.

Claims (2)

  1. Patentansprüche: 1. Mineralisches und synthetisches Schmiermittel, enthaltend ein Alkyldithiophosphorsäuresalz, d adurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein Umsetzungsprodukt aus 0,25 bis 2 Äquivalenten einer Dithiophosphorsäure der allgemeinen Formel worin R und R' Wasserstoff, einen gegebenenfalls durch Halogen, Schwefel, Stickstoff und/oder Phosphor substituierten aromatischen oder Cl-2oaliphatischen Rest bedeuten, und einem Äquivalent eines Kondensationsproduktes aus einer Di- oder Polycarbonsäure, deren Anhydriden oder einem Gemisch derselben und einem N-aliphatischen Dialkanolamin mit 1 bis 50 C-Atomen im N-aliphatischen Rest, enthält.
  2. 2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein Umsetzungsprodukt, bei dem das N-aliphatische Dialkanolamin teilweise durch ein Alkyldiol ersetzt ist, enthält. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: USA.-Patentschrift Nr. 2 709156.
DEU9517A 1963-01-19 1963-01-19 Mineralisches und synthetisches Schmiermittel Pending DE1264661B (de)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2221646A1 (de) * 1971-05-05 1972-11-09 Esso Res And Engineering Co Schmieroelzubereitungen

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2709156A (en) * 1952-11-19 1955-05-24 Tide Water Associated Oil Comp Oxidation-inhibited mineral oil compositions

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2709156A (en) * 1952-11-19 1955-05-24 Tide Water Associated Oil Comp Oxidation-inhibited mineral oil compositions

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2221646A1 (de) * 1971-05-05 1972-11-09 Esso Res And Engineering Co Schmieroelzubereitungen

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