DE1209072B - Bathing or sportswear - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

German KL: 3 b-7/00

Number:
File number:
Registration date:
Display day:

1209 072
B 55296 VII a / 3 b
October 26, 1959
20th January 1966

The invention relates to a plastic thread high permeability in the long-wave UV area, woven or knitted swimwear or sportswear.

The usual swimwear items consist of woven or knitted fabrics from spun Yarns. These are essentially opaque and opaque to ultraviolet rays. Through this When bathing, only the sun's rays are used, i.e. to act on the human body that hit the exposed skin while the rays hit the garment for the covered parts of the body are lost.

In a known sportswear of this type, the fabric only lets in the ultraviolet rays weak through. Artificial silk woven from spun yarns was used as the fabric. Even Fabrics made of fiberglass yarns, possibly with other fabrics, have already been used for such items of clothing Fibers are mixed, and synthetic fibers or threads are used. There have also been such Garments made from UV-permeable plastic films.

None of these suggestions have any practical significance attained. This seems to indicate that in the previous experiments essential points have not been recognized or appreciated. The fabrics used to date for swimwear exist made of spun yarn with a large number of superimposed threads or fibers, whose each partially reflects the incident UV radiation on the front and back of the fiber, so that, even if the permeability of the individual fiber were sufficient in itself, the sum of the reflection losses would be large and the intended effect therefore drops to a fraction.

Plastic films for bathing and sports clothing have the disadvantage that they are not permeable to air and are unsanitary so that they have no practical value. In addition, they are not similar to clothing material, d. H. they feel smooth and cold and do not have the elasticity and pliability woven and knitted fabrics.

The invention avoids these disadvantages, namely by the fact that monofilament threads of the smallest possible absorption losses for the bathing or sports clothing item conditional, in particular flat cross-section can be used.

As a result, the covered parts of the body can also be exposed to the effective sun rays, whereby the UV losses are minimal in accordance with the requirements of practice. A certain through-bathing or sportswear

Applicant:

Bernhard Bohnert, Mainz, Kurfürstenstr. 19 -

ίο Permeability to UV rays is well known when spun off Yarns woven fabrics are only given if they are very thin and openwork are, so that for that reason alone they are eliminated as a material for swimwear, apart from the fact that the UV radiation unhindered, d. H. unfiltered, through which pores can penetrate. The situation is different if the material is arranged in such a way that as few superimposed thin layers as possible are created, so that the interface reflection is low.

Among the known plastics or synthetic materials there are those which, with sufficient resistance to sunlight, have UV permeability, as is desired for the present purpose, in that they essentially absorb the short-wave, erythema-producing rays, the long-wave, pigmenting UV rays but essentially let through in the range of about 300 to 400 m \ x and thus cause tanning of the skin even on the covered parts of the body if the erythema effect is weak, e.g. B. polyvinyl chloride. In this respect, the sun protection effect of the new swimwear is reminiscent of the modern sun protection products for application to the skin, which have a similar filter effect. The spectral permeability or transparency of the plastics can be influenced by adding suitable dyes, colloids, carbon black, metal salts or the like.

The tanning effect of the sun's rays is just one of the many biological effects that have been recognized and that we strive to fully exploit. The threads can be of various types with regard to the material. Hollow fibers or other cross-sections with additional reflective surfaces are unfavorable. Of course, the cross-sections of the threads used at the same time can also be different. The threads can also be joined together to form non-woven textile surfaces, e.g. B. be printed in a known manner with strip-shaped adhesive layers.
It has already been proposed to produce technical fabrics from solid, monofilament plastic threads of round or flat cross-section, but these do not meet the requirements of a fabric for the

509 779/2

requirements to be placed on the underlying purpose, since other aspects play a role there and The purpose is different insofar as these substances are used as car tops or as mechanical Filters and sieves are used.

In order to achieve the privacy protection of common swimwear, the thread can also be profiled, Roughening or the like, the fabric can be made opaque by embossing. If the material is by itself is opaque or opalescent, these measures are not necessary unless they complement each other. They can be reinforced by pressure.

To make such material comfortable to wear, i.e. H. To make clothing fabric-like, it is suggested that this at least on the inside with a thin layer of large-meshed, normal To provide fabric or spun threads, e.g. B. wool threads to insert. These encores should only be one Absorb the smallest possible part of the UV, on the other hand a sufficient distance from the skin in front of the Effect clothing to ensure adequate ventilation as well.

In cool bathing weather it is often necessary to undress at least partially, e.g. a bathrobe to put on. The UV solar radiation is thereby essentially switched off. This lack can be eliminated by using additional protective clothing or when lying in a deck chair Protective blankets used, which consist of the material according to the invention and a sufficient one Offer protection against cold and wind, but allow UV radiation to pass through to the desired extent. To that extent are all items of clothing and utensils, z. B. Sports shirts, blouses and blankets to address from the material according to the invention as swimwear when they have a tan Allow skin where it is not covered by absorbent undergarments.

For the fabric for swimwear made by weaving from solid plastic threads, there is the most diverse possibilities of weaving technology, be it warp and weft consist of different material that complement each other, z. B. in their spectral permeability, their strength or elasticity. When the latter is paramount, processing can do of the monofilament threads can be the cheapest by knitting.

In certain cases it can be advantageous to combine foils with woven and / or knitted fabrics, since foils have the smallest number of reflective surfaces, on the other hand knitted fabrics - as I said - have greater elasticity.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the optical efficiency of the device according to the invention by additional Reduction of the reflection losses in the UV area to increase. Because with every passage of light through an interface between two optically different media one through the Fresnel relationships (Attenuation coefficient) a given loss occurs due to reflection, is an increasing one The number of individual parts of an optical system is synonymous with increasing loss of light due to reflection. A reduction in the reflection at the interfaces of the plastic material is therefore beneficial of great practical importance. For the formation of

ίο active, anti-reflective surface layers In principle, the same well-known aspects apply as with optical glasses, in terms of their refractive index must be smaller than that of the carrier, i.e. the basic dimensions. It must comply with the known amplitude condition:

Ils = | / «T

and finally their thickness must satisfy the known phase condition: n _s ■ d = (2m + 1) · - "-.

The low refractive index of the boundary layer can be caused by a deliberately created loose structure or porosity of the surface can be achieved, essentially by applying such Layers or by chemical influences, e.g.

by removing individual components from the surface.

All of these measures are only examples for solving the task at hand. However, they can also all equivalent measures are applied if they contribute and the viability improve the material in other ways.

Claims (1)

Claim: Woven or knitted from synthetic threads with high permeability in the long-wave UV range Swimwear or sportswear, characterized by the Use of monofilament threads with an especially flat cross-section which causes absorption losses to be as small as possible. Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 826 581, 535 817, 527404, 938 601; German patent application B 21098 VII / 3b (announced on October 28, 1954); French Patent No. 1107,613;
U.S. Patent No. 2391959; Book "Kunstseide" by Dr. O. Faust, 4th and 5th edition, 1931, published by Theodor Steinkopff, Dresden and Leipzig, p. 57, line 11 to p. 58, line 18; Magazine »Melliands Textilberichte«, 1933,
Issue 9, pp. 446 to 448; "Kunststoff-Taschenbuch", 14th edition, pp. 273, 274.