DE1091460B - Facility for target practice with guns - Google Patents

Description

Device for target practice with guns The invention relates to a device for carrying out target exercises with guns which are using generated by light marks on the screen and guided at the same angle as the weapon Still picture throwers with fictitious sequences of shots through a motion picture thrower cinematographically Shoot depicted targets.

There are target cinema devices known in which the protection on a cinematographic Target represented by a motion picture projector fires. '' Is used here with semi-sharp or live ammunition, a penetrable projection screen is used with rollable paper webs arranged behind it to display hits, with one hand When the shot was fired, the moving image projector was stopped and, on the other hand, the shot hole is illuminated so that the impact of the projectile or the bullet through can be seen in the still image.

In connection with this device, it is also known that Calculated flight time of the projectile to the target according to the apparent distance to take into account in the form of a time delay, so that fired with caution can be set by the moving image projector according to the calculated flight time of the Projectile to the target is only stopped some time after the shot has been fired.

If no real shot is fired, then with known target cinema systems the firing position is indicated by means of a light mark by using a standing projector with the weapon or their aiming device guided in the same direction and when each shot is fired is made to light up.

In a special training of this well-known institution one has furthermore, a second moving image projector synchronized with the actual moving image projector coupled, which can be switched on at will for control and light markers throws in front of the moving target, which each theoretically calculated the correct one Corresponding lead that the shooter with moving targets, z. B. in aircraft, has to choose. Does the control light mark coincide with the beam of light from the projector, which represents the bullet impact, the shooter has aimed correctly. held up.

The first-mentioned previously known device is suitable for the assessment individual real shots with direct target possibility, preferably from handguns. Although it is possible to build insert barrels into larger-caliber guns, it does there are difficulties with excessive shot because of the projection distance is very small compared to the theoretically assumed range. Furthermore, it is cumbersome the plug-in barrels on guns taking into account the firing mechanism of the To install guns. The previously known last-mentioned destination cinema facility with through Light marks fake shot positions, especially in connection with the aforementioned Lead light marks by means of a second, synchronous motion picture projector, results in useful ones Exercise results for machine gun fire, their sheaves or by a Light mark series displayed in the still projector can be easily displayed on the screen Fade-in of the lead light marks can be followed with the eye.

However, the latter device does not show the projectile impact realistically on the target image, as the light marks generated by the still projector When the target is moving, only ever show the positions of the weapon on the target image, because with this device it is not possible to shoot with a time delay.

It is also known to create a realistic situation the firing bang in connection with the firing by means of acoustic devices as well as to imitate the general gunshot noise.

It is now taken into account in the target training device according to the invention, that with many guns it is necessary in quick succession, Firing a series of shots every few seconds because the target moves forward quickly and therefore cannot be targeted with certainty. This applies, for example, to tank guns, anti-tank guns and anti-aircraft guns.

Realistic live ammunition exercises are obvious Reasons not feasible.

The target training device according to the invention allows in great approximation to carry out target exercises with fake single or series shots in reality and to determine and prove the theoretically calculated hits. the The device according to the invention has the following details at the same time: A moving picture with the moving targets fulfilling the various conditions is projected onto a screen in the usual way by means of a motion picture projector; the motion picture projector is provided in a known manner with a standstill device; Aiming or sighting is carried out by means of a first still projector, which is continuously light marks corresponding to the gun sighting device, e.g. B. line marks projected the target; together with the first still projector, which was the gun sighting device corresponding line marks are projected onto the screen in the target image, a Another still projector, which is used to display hits by other light marks, e.g. B. Points of light, is determined in such a way during the time that passes without a fictitious shot led that the optical axes of the two projector projectors are on the screen hit (normal position); this second standing projector, which is used to display hits is triggered by an electromagnetic locking device when a fake shot is triggered detained in the situation concerned.

In the target training device according to the invention, the Light source of the still projector only after the expiry of a by means of a special Device generated time delay switched on. Here is the time delay device designed in such a way that it is set in motion when the practice shot is triggered and according to the speed of the bullet and the different distances can be set to different times when recording the motion picture.

Since the practice shots are fired in relatively quick succession, so the first projector has to continue while the time delay is running, while the second projector is in the held position to indicate a hit must stop. If the light mark of the second projector has hit the target, d. H. Marked by a point of light, the instructor / observer presses one Button of the control panel that is electrically connected to the motion picture projector, to switch on the standstill device of the same. If no hit is obtained, another key is pressed and, by suitable means, the second projector is pressed returned to the normal position for the first projector.

The horizontal and vertical directional movements of the gun or of the range finder and gunner's sight related to this are transferred mechanically or electrically at the same angle to a support device, in which both the first and the second still projector are installed and in which both can be coupled to run at the same angle.

This is the case in the description of the device according to the invention assumed that a tank fires at another tank from a standing start. The considerations and the prerequisites for this can easily be transferred to other artillery pieces with a rapid rate of fire aiming at lead and, if necessary, at cant Need to become.

Fig. I shows the basic arrangement, seen spatially. 1 is the screen on which the moving image projector 2 projects the moving image. With 3 the tank is designated, at 4 there is the target sight (periscope, rifle sight), through which the moving image projected on the screen 1 or the target in a corresponding, the target sight's own magnification is viewed. As close as possible from the target sight 4, the support device 5 is attached, outside of the pivotable Tower 7, for example on a column 8 and located on a fixed part of the tank rotatable on this at 9. The column 8 can also be set up next to the tank.

The support device 5 will be described in detail later. The range finder the tank is indicated at 6. Move the aiming sight 4 and the range finder 6 horizontally with the pivoting tower 7 in which they are installed. aside from that is the range finder 6, coupled to the aiming sight 4, because of the height alignment can be swiveled in height, whereby the gun barrel by means of appropriate gear, following the ballistic conditions, is excessive.

The first still projector 10 and the second still projector 11 are built into the carrying device 5. The first still projector 10 projects a reticle or another target mark than is used in the target sight 4 onto the screen, ie into the moving image; it can be recognized on the screen by the rifleman sitting in the tank via the aiming device 4, as well as watching the tank crews standing outside the tank and being trained, who learn in this way how far to hold in front.

The second projector 11 is when aiming and aiming with the first Still projector 10 out together in such a way that the two optical axes hit on the screen (normal position). As soon as the tank gunner thinks that he has held up correctly, he triggers the fictitious shot, d. i.e. it won't "Sharp" shot, but the trigger actuates an electrical contact, which switches on a time delay device that is set to a time both the bullet velocity and the apparent distance of the target takes into account which motion picture recording was based on. These values are the instructor / observer known, which, among other things, also sets the time delay. When the fictitious shot is at the same time the second still projector 11 from the guide uncoupled and held in place by a device provided for this purpose.

After the time delay has elapsed, the light source of the second still projector 11 is switched on. If the point of light on the screen indicates a hit, the trainer / observer presses a button on the control panel 12 for the motion picture projector 2; the standstill device of the same is switched on and the film is stopped so quickly that the lag is no more than one frame = 1 / s4 second. If, on the other hand, the target is not hit, the trainer / observer actuates another key which causes the second still projector 11 to be returned to the normal position for the first still projector 10. In the meantime, in accordance with the need to shoot in rapid succession, the shooter has turned the turret 7 and thus the first still projector 10 further.

If a second and further practice shots are now triggered, the second still projector 11 stops each time in the manner described or is returned to the normal position in relation to the first still projector 10 .

These exercises can be used to determine how many fictitious gunshot releases are necessary until the second still projector 11 indicates a hit. - the Rotation or pivoting of the tower 7 is in a suitable translation on the support device 5 so that the pivot angles are the same. The elevation movement the first still projector 10 and the second still projector 11 are from the range finder 6 or another, related to it and the same mode of operation having part controlled at the same angle. To transfer the movements one can mechanical means (e.g. wire rope cables) or electrical, pneumatic means or operate hydraulic means.

The formation of the support device 5 with the first is essential Still image projector 10 and the second still image projector 11. Serve for illustration the other drawings; there are shown in Fig. II the support device in a side view, in Fig. III the carrying device in the front view, in Fig. IV the carrying device in the side rear view, in Fig. V in section the second Still projector and its guidance, using electromagnetic means, in Fig. VI in section of the second still projector and its guide, using mechanical means.

The embodiment is described below. On the pillar 8 (Fig. I), which is connected to a fixed part of the tank - not to the rotatable tower 7 -, the base plate 13 (Fig.II, III) is attached. This record is provided with a pin 14 around which the support device 5 rotates horizontally can.

The pivoting is from the tower 7 by means of mechanical or electrical Transfer means to the support device 5 at the same angle.

The first still projector 10 and the second still projector 11 must be mounted so that their optical axes are from the extension of the axis of the pin 14 (Fig. 11I). Furthermore, it is necessary that the waves, which carry the sockets 15 and 16, arranged on a vertical line above the pivot point 14 are (Fig. II). The elevation movement is, for example, made by the rangefinder's gearbox 6 removed and - as shown - through the wire cable 17 on the parallel guide 18, 19, 20 transferred at the same angle, the rod parts 18, 20 firmly with connected to the shafts which carry the sockets 15, 16. Since the optical Axes of the two still projectors 10, 11 must meet on the screen, the distance but can be of different sizes from the screen, a setting of the Inclination of the still image projectors 10, 11 to one another due to the turnbuckle-like part 21 make.

The first still projector 10 is installed rigidly in the mount 15. The second still projector 11 must, however, be positively connected to the socket 16, because, as already explained at the beginning, it has the task of triggering a shot independently of the horizontal and vertical movements that are transmitted to the carrying device 5 in a certain position to stand still. A guide and a coupling are therefore necessary which meet these requirements. The coupling is carried out according to FIG. III by the four electromagnets 22, 23, 24, 25. To explain the mode of operation, Fig. V, corresponding to the section AB in Fig. III. The second still projector 11 is rigid with the magnetizable guide part 26, which, for. B. consists of iron, connected, which represents a symmetrical spherical zone and is provided on both sides with the ball bearing rings 27, which have the purpose of ensuring easy running and a narrow air gap to the four electromagnets 22, 23, 24, 25 to manufacture.

The four electromagnets are installed in suitable recesses in the holder 16, which is made of a non-magnetizable material and is turned inside spherically in the radius of the guide part 26. If the four magnets are energized, the guide part 26 is drawn into the magnetic force field; the part 26 is then symmetrical to the socket 16. If the current is switched off, the part 26 is uncoupled and can move like a ball in all directions in the socket 16, whereby, as already mentioned, it is important that the center of the ball is located located exactly above the pivot point 14 . At the same time as the electromagnet 22, 23, 24, 25 is switched off, the electromagnet 28 (FIG. II), which is attached to a carrier 29, is switched on. The appropriately spherically ground pole piece of the electromagnet 28 rests against the spherical shell 31 made of iron, the radius of which corresponds to its distance from the center of rotation of the second projector 11 and which forms the end of the end of the second projector 11 near the lamp, and locks in this way. Since the electromagnet 28 is connected via the bearing 30 to the base plate 13, which is located with the column 8 (Fig. I) on a fixed part of the tank, the second still projector 11 remains in the direction held while the support device is 5 can continue to rotate on the pin 14 in order to guide the first still projector 10 according to the target exercises. Instead of this directly braking electromagnet, a mechanically acting braking device can also be provided.

If the second still projector 11 shows after the time delay has elapsed If there is no hit, the trainer / observer presses a certain button on the control panel 12 (Fig.I), which interrupts the excitation of the locking electromagnet 23 and at the same time the current for the electromagnets 22, 23, 24, 25 turns on. The second still projector 11 is thus released from the held position and can move according to the force field align the electromagnets 22, 23, 24, 25, d. i.e., it returns to the normal position back to the first still projector 10. The electromagnets are excited with direct current. In order to avoid sticking the pole piece of the electromagnet 28 to the spherical shell 31, it is advisable, after switching off the direct current, automatically for the purpose of demagnetization to lead an alternating current into the coil. The stroke of the electromagnet 28 can through the screw 32 can be adjusted.

The lifting of the pole piece from the spherical shell 31 is done by the spring 33.

Instead of returning the second projector 11 to the normal position to the first still projector 10 by the electromagnets 22, 23, 24, 25 can also be a System of three to four helical tension springs are used, of which in Fig. VI the springs 34, 35 are shown. The socket 16 must have recesses, in which the springs can move freely according to the swivel range. That The second still projector 11 is held in place in the manner described above way via the electromagnet 28 and the spherical shell 31, the return to the normal position by the tension springs. According to FIG. VI, the springs are on the one hand on the covers 36, 37, on the other hand attached to the spherical guide part 26.

In addition to the arrangement described above, an acoustic signal arrangement can also be provided in such a way that when the faked shot is triggered, a bang, e.g. B. is generated in a known manner by means of acoustic arrangements, which simulates the launch, and that also with the lighting of the light source of the second projector 11 , another bang is triggered, which acoustically demonstrates the impact on the target.

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Device for carrying out target exercises with guns which, using light marks on the projection screen and which are guided at the same angles with the weapon, shoot with fictitious firing sequences at targets shown cinematographically by a moving image projector, characterized in that, in addition to the still projector (10 ), the continuously corresponding light marks of the gun sighting device, e.g. B. line marks, projected onto the target image, existing other still projector (11), the hit display by other light marks, z. B. points of light, is determined, in a spherical twisted, also angularly guided with the gun socket (16) is mounted such that it can be tracked by means of a pulling device (34, 35) or by means of magnetic or magnetic or electromagnetically acting devices (22, 23, 24, 25) is guided in such a position that its optical axis meets that of the first still projector (10) on the screen, it is also provided that the second still projector (11) after Temporary synchronization switch-off with a fictitious shot runs back into the synchronization position with the first still projector (10) when it is released again by switching off an additional locking device (28, 31) that can be switched off and on, which has held it in place when a fictitious shot is fired for the purpose of marking the point of impact . 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that on a support device (5) of the first still projector (10) and the socket (16) of the second still projector (11) are mounted, the socket (16) by articulated rods (18, 19, 20) coupled with the first still projector (10) at the same angle is. 3. Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the Socket (16) consists of non-magnetizable material, in which a magnetizable Body in the form of a spherical zone (26) - preferably using ball bearings (27) - is rotatably mounted, in the middle of which the projector (11) is attached. 4. Device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that to achieve the synchronism of the second projector (11) in the non-magnetizable Socket (16) with the inner wall terminating permanent magnets or electromagnets (22, 23, 24, 25) are inserted, the still projector (11) with the surrounding it spherical zone-like magnetizable body (26) by the action of the magnetic field Bring it into the synchronization position with the first still projector (10). 5. Establishment according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the still projector (11) containing spherical zone-like body (26) by twisted in the spherical Version (16) located tension springs (34, 35) can be brought into the synchronized position. 6. Device according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the lamp close The end of the second still projector (11) is closed with a spherical shell (31), whose radius is equal to the distance from the center of rotation of the second projector (11) is. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the spherical shell (31) is made of magnetizable material and in this case by means of a direct off and switchable swing-out electromagnet (28) is adhered. B. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the spherical shell (31), if it consists of any material, by means of an electromagnetically operated brake lever is held. 9. Device according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4. 6 and 7, characterized by such switching means that simultaneously with the activation of the locking device (28, 31) for the second still projector (11) the electromagnets (22, 23, 24, 25), which keep it in the synchronized position for the time the locking device is switched on (28, 31) automatically switched off and for the time the locking device is switched off device (28, 31) must be switched on again. 10. Device according to the claims 1 to 9 in connection with an adjustable time delay device and a Standing projector for displaying hits, characterized by such a training the time delay device that the light source after the faked shot has been fired of the second still projector (11) delayed in a known manner by the amount of time is switched on, which corresponds to the assumed flight time of the projectile to the target. 11. Device according to claims 1 to 10 in connection with acoustic devices to generate a realistic background noise from the shots coordinated acoustic effects using loudspeakers, characterized by a such training of the acoustic devices controlling means that in As is known, when the fake shot is triggered, a pretending to be fired Bang is generated, in addition to lighting up the light source of the second The still projector (11) triggers another bang, which causes the projectile to hit to the finish acoustically demonstrated. Publications considered: German patent specification No. 357,939; British Patent No. 628,825; U.S. Patent No. 2,418,512: