DE10316249B4 - Method for forming a workpiece and a rolling machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for hot forming or hot forming at least one workpiece of a metallic material,
a) in which the workpiece is formed during a forming phase between surfaces or tools of at least two rollers rotating about a rotation axis of a Profilquerwalzmaschine and after Umformphase the workpiece is ejected from the space between the rollers or the tools,
b) during which the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers relative to one another is determined during the deformation phase,
c) in which the determined relative position of the rotary axes is compared with a desired relative position,
d) in which, when a deviation of the determined relative position of the axes of rotation from the desired relative position is detected outside a predetermined tolerance range, the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers is corrected such that the deviation is again within the tolerance range,
e) in which each correction of the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rolls is carried out after the forming phase
f) and at ...

Description

The The invention relates to a method of hot forming or hot forming at least one workpiece of a metallic material and a profile cross rolling machine, to carry out the Method is suitable.

To the Forming of workpieces from a starting shape into a desired intermediate form (semifinished product, Preforms) or final form (finished product, finished forms) are next to Many other processes also known rolling processes, which are among the Counted pressure forming process become. During rolling, the workpiece (rolling stock) is between two arranged rotating rollers and by applying a forming pressure through The rotating rollers changed in shape. In the profile rolling process Tool profiles are arranged on the circumference of the rollers that generate the allow corresponding profiles in the workpiece. In flat rolling, the cylindrical or conical outer surfaces of the Rolling directly onto the workpiece.

Regarding the Relative movement of the tools or rollers on the one hand and the workpiece on the other subdivided rolling processes in longitudinal rolls, cross rolls and inclined rolls. When longitudinal rolling becomes the workpiece perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the rolls in a translatory Movement and usually without rotation through the gap between the rollers (nip) moves. When cross rolls that moves Workpiece not in translation the rollers or their axes of rotation, but only revolves around his own axis, usually a main axis of inertia, in particular the axis of symmetry in a rotationally symmetrical workpiece is. When combining both types of movement during longitudinal rolling and cross rolling one speaks of skew rollers. The rollers are usually at an angle to each other and the workpiece, the is moved translationally and rotationally.

Profile cross-rolling machines, where two rollers with on the outer circumference arranged wedge-shaped Profile tools around mutually parallel axes of rotation in the same direction rotate, sometimes referred to as cross wedge rolling.

The Tools have a wedge-shaped or triangular in cross-section geometry on and can along the circumference in its axial dimension in one direction increase and / or oblique run to the axis of rotation of the rollers.

These Cross wedge rolls or profile cross rolls allow a variety of forming of workpieces in high precision or dimensional accuracy. As a result of the wedge-shaped Tools exerted on the workpiece pressure force while the material distribution in the workpiece during the circulation of the rollers through a flow process in the workpiece changed. The wedge-shaped Tools can circumferential grooves and other rejuvenations in the rotating workpiece produce. Due to the axial offset in the circumferential direction or the slope Arrangement of the tool wedges relative to the axis of rotation, for example axially changing structures to the axis of rotation and rejuvenations in the workpiece be generated. By increasing or decreasing the outside diameter the tool wedges when passing around the axis of rotation can in Combination with the oblique Arrangement axially extending slopes and continuous transitions between two rejuvenations Different diameter can be generated in the workpiece. The wedge shape The tools allow the production of fine structures through the Wedge outer edges or outer surfaces. Particularly suitable are cross wedge rollers for producing elongated, rotationally symmetric workpieces with constrictions or raises like cams or ribs.

The Forming pressure and the forming temperature depend on the material of which the workpiece is made, as well as the requirements to the dimensional accuracy and surface quality after the Forming. In particular, in iron or steel materials is usually the forming during rolling performed at elevated temperatures to the formability or flowability required for forming to reach the material. These, especially occurring during forging, Temperatures can in a so-called cold forming in the range of room temperature, in a warm forging between 550 ° C and 750 ° C and in a so-called Hot forming above 900 ° C lie.

It are cross wedge rolling machines (or: profile cross rolling machines) known, where the workpieces at the beginning of the rolling process by means of a positioning device, the two positioning carriers (so-called guide rulers), in a starting position between the two rollers, usually the geometric center or the middle of the nip, positioned. The position of the rollers and their distance from each other will be fixed in advance. Now, the positioning carriers of the positioning withdrawn, so that the workpiece turns freely between the rollers and between the tools in the desired Mold is kneaded. After this rolling or kneading process and the corresponding Completion of the workpiece is the workpiece over a Recess detected and ejected in the rotating rolling tool.

Out DE 1 477 088 C For example, a cross wedge rolling machine is known for cross rolling rotation bodies or flat workpieces with two work rolls rotating in the same direction of rotation, on the roll surfaces wedge tools are arranged interchangeably. The wedge tools each have wedge-shaped or triangular extending from the roll shell to a height adjusted to the produced workpiece end, by knurling or otherwise roughened reduction strips and extending at the same distance from the roll shell, wedge-shaped smooth form surfaces with calibration effect. The wedge tools are formed as deformation segments and extend only over a partial circumference of the associated roll surface. On the workpiece, the mutually facing surfaces and tools of the two work rolls move in opposite directions or in opposite directions to each other.

The US 4,457,155 discloses a forging roll machine for rolling billets, which is not a profile cross rolling machine, but which has a control of the roll spacing between the rolls to a constant target value during rolling, ie during the forming phase. The roll spacing is measured during forming and maintained at the set point during forming by means of a hydraulic actuator.

The EP 1 256 399 A1 discloses a cross rolling machine with two parallel operated modules of two rotating in the same direction of rotation, the semi-shell-shaped tools with radially projecting tool wedges on its peripheral surface, wherein the deformation of a workpiece requires only the rotation of half the circumference of a whale zenpaares. All four rollers are driven by only one drive motor via an interposed gear unit and drive shaft. Thus, the EP 1 256 399 A1 already a method and a profile rolling machine for hot forming or hot forming of at least one workpiece made of a metallic material, wherein the workpiece during a Umformphase between surfaces or tools of at least two rotating about a rotation axis rolls of profile cross rolling and after Umformphase the workpiece from the gap is ejected between the rollers or the tools.

Of the Invention is now the object of a new method for Forming of workpieces and a new roll forming machine with which this method is feasible, specify.

These The object is achieved in terms of the method according to the invention with the Features of claim 1.

• a) Umformen des Werkstücks während einer Umformphase (oder: eines Umformschrittes, eines Umformprozesses) zwischen den Oberflächen oder Werkzeugen wenigstens zweier um jeweils eine Drehachse (oder: Rotationsachse) rotierender Walzen einer Profilquerwalzmaschine und Auswerfen des Werkstücks aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen den Walzen oder den Werkzeugen nach der Umformphase,
• b) Ermitteln (oder: Erfassen, Bestimmen), insbesondere Messen, der relativen Lage (oder: Relativlage, Relativposition) der Drehachsen der Walzen zueinander,
• c) Vergleich der ermittelten relativen Lage (oder: Ist-Relativposition, Istwert der relativen Lage) mit einer vorgegebenem Soll-Relativlage (oder: Sollwert(e) der relativen Lage),
• d) Kompensation oder Ausgleich einer außerhalb eines Toleranzbereiches liegenden (oder: unzulässigen) Abweichung (oder: Differenz) der ermittelten relativen Lage von der Soll-Relativlage durch Stellen (oder: Korrigieren, Steuern) der relativen (Ist-)Lage der Drehachsen.
• e) Durchführen jeder Korrektur der relativen Lage der Drehachsen der Walzen nach der Umformphase,
• f) Kompensation von während der Umformphase auftretenden thermischen und/oder mechanischen Form- oder Volumenänderungen in den Walzen oder anderen Bereichen der die Walzen umfassenden Walzmaschine, insbesondere Lagereinrichtungen für die Walzen und Trägereinrichtungen für die Lagereinrichtungen, durch die Korrektur der relativen Lage der Drehachsen der Walzen.

The method according to claim 1 for hot forming or hot forming at least one workpiece of a metallic material comprises the following method steps:

• a) forming the workpiece during a Umformphase (or: a forming step, a forming process) between the surfaces or tools at least two rotating about one axis of rotation (or: rotation axis) rolling a Profilquerwalzmaschine and ejecting the workpiece from the space between the rollers or the tools after the forming phase,
• b) determining (or: detecting, determining), in particular measuring, the relative position (or: relative position, relative position) of the axes of rotation of the rollers relative to one another,
• c) comparison of the determined relative position (or: actual relative position, actual value of the relative position) with a predetermined desired relative position (or: desired value (s) of the relative position),
• d) compensation or compensation of an out-of-tolerance (or impermissible) deviation (or difference) of the determined relative position from the desired relative position by setting (or: correcting, controlling) the relative (actual) position of the axes of rotation.
• e) performing each correction of the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rolls after the forming phase,
• f) compensation of occurring during the forming phase thermal and / or mechanical changes in shape or volume in the rolls or other areas of the rolls comprising rolling, in particular storage facilities for the rollers and support means for the storage facilities, by the correction of the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rolls ,

The Task is in terms of profile cross rolling machine according to the invention solved with the features of claim 27.

• a) wenigstens zwei um jeweils eine Drehachse rotierbare oder rotierende, insbesondere mit Werkzeugen bestückbare oder bestückte, Walzen (oder: Arbeitswalzen),
• b) wenigstens einen Rotationsantrieb zum Rotieren der Walzen während einer Umformphase zum Umformen eines zwischen den Walzen anordenbaren oder angeordneten Werkstücks,
• c) wenigstens einen Stellantrieb zum Einstellen der Position(en) der Drehachse(n) einer der Walzen oder beider Walzen und
• d) eine Einrichtung zum Ermitteln der relativen Lage der Drehachsen der Walzen zueinander während der Umformphase sowie
• e) eine mit der Einrichtung zum Ermitteln der relativen Lage der Drehachsen und mit jedem Stellantrieb verbundene (oder: in Wirkverbindung stehende) Kontrolleinrichtung zum Korrigieren der relativen Lage der Drehachsen der Walzen auf eine Soll-Relativlage mittels des oder der Stellantriebe(s) nach der Umformphase zur Kompensation von während der Umformphase auftretende thermische und/oder mechanische Form- oder Volumenänderungen in den Walzen oder anderen Bereichen der Walzmaschine, insbesondere Lagereinrichtungen für die Walzen und Trägereinrichtungen für die Lagereinrichtungen.

The profile cross rolling machine for hot forming or hot forming at least one workpiece made of a metallic material according to claim 27 is suitable for performing a method according to any one of the preceding claims, and preferably also determined and comprises

• a) at least two rollers (or work rolls) rotatable about one axis of rotation or rotating, in particular can be fitted or fitted with tools,
• b) at least one rotary drive for rotating the rolls during a forming phase for forming a workpiece which can be arranged or arranged between the rolls,
• c) at least one actuator for adjusting the position (s) of the axis of rotation (s) of one of the whale zen or both rolls and
• d) a device for determining the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers to each other during the forming phase and
• e) connected to the means for determining the relative position of the axes of rotation and with each actuator connected (or: operatively connected) control means for correcting the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers to a desired relative position by means of the one or more actuators (s) after the Forming phase to compensate for occurring during the forming phase thermal and / or mechanical changes in shape or volume in the rolls or other areas of the rolling machine, in particular storage facilities for the rollers and support means for the storage facilities.

Under The term "reshaping" is used every Transformation of the shape of a workpiece understood in another form, as also described above, including preforms and finished shapes. The axes of rotation of the rollers are considered geometric or mathematical axes in (Euclidean, three-dimensional) space to understand, around which the rollers rotate. Transmitting power or mechanical axes in this application, however, as waves designated.

The Invention is based on the finding that during the forming process of a workpiece or a process with several consecutive forming processes when editing multiple workpieces Expansions or contractions within the rolling machine, in particular in the carrier device the rolls or even within the rolls and tools themselves, occur. These shape and volume changes are caused in particular by the forces acting during forming forces (mechanical Expansion or contraction) and by introducing the warm or hot forming on relatively high temperatures workpiece and the associated temporal and spatial temperature changes., which lead to thermal expansion or contraction. These changes the shape or volume in the rolling machine are thus disturbances of the Process and change disadvantageous for the Forming process optimal or preset relative positions the rollers or tools to each other.

According to the invention becomes automatically or automatically enforceable compensation (or: for compensation or correction) of said thermal and mechanical molding or volume changes determines the relative position of the rollers or tools in space to each other (or: determined), in particular measured, and in a fitting or Correction step adapted if impermissible or intolerable Deviations from one for the Forming process predetermined or optimal target relative position of the axes of rotation occur. So it is not the rotational position in this error compensation the rollers or tools around their axes of rotation, which are used for forming of the workpiece decisively is influenced, but the spatial position of the rollers or tools, by the position of the axes of rotation of the rollers or one to fixed or translational invariant point in space can be defined can. The relative position of the whale zendrehachsen also determines the position the rollers or the tools relative to the workpiece at predetermined rotational positions the rollers.

It So is according to the invention In particular, a control, correction or regulation is performed whose Control, correction or control variable the relative Location of the axes of rotation of the rollers is. As far as in this application of Setpoints or setpoints spoken becomes, under it beside a constant also a variable or a leader understood.

advantageous Embodiments and developments of the method and the rolling machine emerge from the claim 1 or claim 27 respectively dependent claims.

In a first advantageous embodiment is the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers during the Forming determined, preferably at a predetermined angular position at least one of the rollers and / or a predetermined force load of Roller (s) or forming force. It can then in particular a rotation angle sensor device for determining the roll rotation angle and / or a force sensor device be provided for determining the forming force.

Preferably will be, especially during the forming phase, certain actual position of the relative position of the roller rotation axes after ejecting the workpiece from the space between the tools or the rollers and / or in a formertruckentlasteten condition of the rollers to a desired relative position corrected. The desired relative position is then optionally on one Target position in loaded condition or tuned during the forming phase.

In a typical forming process several workpieces are successively formed in successive forming phases between the rolls or the tools of the rolls and ejected from the space between the rolls or the tools after the associated forming phases. It is now preferably in each or every n-th (with a natural number n greater than 1) Umformphase the relative position of the axes of rotation the rollers determined and performed after each or every n-th forming phase and / or after ejection of the respective workpiece, the correction of the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers.

The Rollers are generally rotatable in two storage facilities or rotating.

It can now to correct the relative position of the rollers to each other in a simple embodiment only the position of the axis of rotation of one of the rollers to a desired position be controlled or controlled and the position of the axis of rotation of other roller (s), however, unchanged or fixed to the environment, in particular to the ground, remain. Here, in particular, the lower roller remain stationary and only the upper roller can be adjusted.

Preferably but are the positions of the axes of rotation of both rolls for correction the relative position of their axes of rotation adjustable or changeable and on related Target positions adjustable or correctable. It can now either the rollers independently from each other, d. H. without a coupling of their movement, with their own Actuators or also dependent from each other, d. H. with a control engineering or mechanical Coupling, be adjustable or adjusted. But it can also the movements and positions of the axes of rotation of both rolls such coupled to each other, that the axes of rotation of both rollers simultaneously, preferably also at the same speed, on an intermediate the rollers henden reference position, preferably the central axis, are movable or moved to or from this. Such Synchronous motion can be done in particular with independent actuators a common control or by a mechanical coupling be realized with gear (s).

In A further advantageous embodiment is for the determination the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers a distance at a Place or two distances at different locations of the axes of rotation of at least two Roll each other or one or two distances each Rotary axis determined to a central axis between the two rollers and this determined distance (s) to correct the relative Location of the axes of rotation used to the desired relative position. Especially Any distance can be determined for yourself with an associated Setpoint distance are compared and a deviation from the nominal distance outside a predetermined tolerance range corrected to the desired distance become. But it is also possible from the individual distances (or positions) a geometric relative position of the axes of rotation computationally to identify and correct them.

The Central axis (or: geometric center, middle position) in order to accommodate of the workpiece provided space between the rollers or tools can in particular by a positioning device for positioning between the workpiece be defined the rollers, wherein the central axis within a Movement plane or on a movement axis of two mutually movable Positioning parts of the positioning for holding the workpiece between can lie the two positioning parts. This determination of roll positions or the roll distance relative to the workpiece has the advantage that by in the position relative to the workpiece stationary positioning a reliable one Reference position justified is the location of the workpiece Are defined. The distances The axes of rotation to the central axis are also in clear connection to the distances the axes of rotation to each other.

The Determining the relative position of the axes of rotation to each other can therefore in just one dimension or projection on a coordinate direction (Spatial direction) or in two or even three dimensions or coordinate directions respectively.

To the Measuring the position (s) or the distance (s) of the Rotary axes of the rolls, the rolling machine generally comprises a Measuring device, in particular at least one ultrasonic sensor and / or an optical sensor and / or an inductive sensor and / or a magnetic sensor. In particular, the distances measured between the storage facilities and the positioning with the sensors attached to their outsides can.

to Adjusting the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers to each other In an advantageous embodiment, one of the two Storage facilities or both storage facilities at least one Roll over moves at least one actuator.

In a preferred embodiment, the adjustable roller (s) or their bearing device (s) for correcting the relative position to the desired relative position or for adjusting the position (s) of its axis of rotation (s) or the distance of the axes of rotation of the rollers is linear (or: rectilinear, translational) moves. A linear, purely translatory movement is easy to implement in terms of drive technology. The direction of movement of the linear movement or displacement of the roller (s) is preferably directed substantially perpendicularly (or orthogonally) to the axes of rotation of the rollers. Furthermore, the movement can take place in particular in a vertical direction, ie parallel to the gravitational force. Another type of movement for the rollers can be advantageous, especially in asymmetric thermal or mechanical changes in shape or volume in the rolling machine, such as a rotational or tilting movement or a composite of translational and rotational movement or along a predetermined, not rectilinear trajectory (or: movement path) taking place movement of the axes of rotation. The movement of the axes of rotation of the rollers can thus be done with one, two or even three degrees of freedom of movement. To allow in principle both linear movements and pivotal movements of the axis of rotation (s), an axis of rotation to be adjusted is preferably moved in two points of attack outside the roller, which can lie in particular in storage facilities of the roller.

The Rotary axes of the rolls are generally at least one nearly set parallel position to each other and are usually too Principal axes of inertia the rollers, in particular cylindrical or central axes in cylindrical Rollers. In an advantageous embodiment, the rollers and their axes of rotation, seen in the direction of gravity, one above the other or arranged vertically to each other. It is also a horizontal one or even weird Arrangement of the rollers and their axes of rotation possible.

In a special development of the method and the rolling machine are the desired relative position, desired position (s) or desired distances of the Rotary axes of the rollers dependent of the material and / or shape (or: geometry) of the reshaping workpiece or from the desired Shape or the desired Dimensions of the workpiece adjusted after forming. This can in particular the shape of the current workpiece be measured before the forming phase. But it can also be the parameters of a workpiece in advance be entered using a pattern.

Of the with the process and the rolling machine performed forming process is a Hot forming process or a hot forming process. In such hot and hot forming is the correction of the roll positions according to the invention for compensation or particularly advantageous for the compensation of thermal changes.

The Material of the workpiece may be ferric, for example iron itself or a steel, or a non-ferrous metal material, for example Aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

The Rolling machine is as profile cross rolling machine or cross wedge rolling machine trained, whose principle Structure was described in the introduction. In particular, the rollers have So corresponding profile or wedge tools and rotate in the same direction to each other, with the workpiece itself only rotates about its own axis and not translationally from the rollers is transported. The tools on the rollers are particular wedge-shaped in cross-section or triangular and take along the circumference in their radial dimension in one Direction to and / or extend obliquely to the axis of rotation of the associated roller.

At least an actuator can now be a hydraulic drive. Preferably However, at least one or each actuator is an electric motor Drive, in particular a spindle drive. The accuracy of the positioning movement the actuators is preferably in the range of a few tenths mm or even a few hundredths of a mm, preferably at least 0.1 mm, and / or one-thousandth of the adjustment path or stroke. In order to can also be the tolerance range for the correction or deviation of the relative position of the axes of rotation be selected on the desired relative position in this order of magnitude.

In a development of the rolling machine is a stationary, not with the rollers co-rotating or not rotatable carrier device (or: roll stand, Rolling rack) provided at the or the actuator (s) stored or is worn or are.

In In one embodiment of the rolling machine, two are each for each roller End faces of the roller with the roller connectable or connected and rotatable or co-rotating holding devices with the roller intended. The connection of the holding devices with the rollers is preferably solvable, to allow a change of tools or rollers or to facilitate. For each holding device is furthermore in each case a storage device, in which the holding device is rotatably mounted, provided. The Storage facilities with the holding devices mounted in them at least one roller are associated with the one or more associated with this roller actuator (s) coupled or coupled and via the actuator (s) movable to change the position of the axis of rotation of the associated roller. In particular each bearing device is connected to an actuator and the control device controls the actuators of both storage facilities a roller according to the desired Movement of the axis of rotation of the roller. The carrier device has in particular management areas to lead the storage facilities on their movement. The leadership of Storage facilities can be supported by plain bearings or roller bearings.

In a preferred embodiment, the rollers with the associated rotary drives in each case form a unit, which together from the Stellan is adjustable. When moving a roller through the associated actuator or actuators, the relative arrangement or position of the rotary drive associated with the roller with respect to the roller thus remains unchanged or translationally invariant. In particular, the non-rotating or rotatable parts of the associated rotary drive for rotating this roller are attached to one of the bearing devices of each roller and the co-rotating or mitrotierbaren drive parts of the rotary drive are rotatably mounted on or in the bearing device.

The support means comprises in a particular structural design four support elements, being between two of the four support elements one of the storage facilities of a first of the two rollers and a the storage facilities of the second of the two rolls and between the other two of the four support elements the other bearing means of the first roller and the other bearing means arranged the second roller and are preferably guided movably.

The Actuators for the rollers are generally on opposite sides The rollers are arranged to move between the rollers and laterally space for the workpieces and to leave other machine parts.

The The invention will be further explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments. there Reference is made to the drawings, in which

1 a rolling machine with two rolls and a control device for monitoring and correcting the roll spacing in a schematic diagram,

2 a rolling machine with two rollers with associated independent rotary drives for rotating the rollers and actuators for adjusting the rollers in a longitudinal section,

3 the rolling machine according to 2 in a side view turned 90 ° to one side,

4 the rolling machine according to 2 in a rotated by 90 ° to the other side and side view

5 the rolling machine according to 2 to 4 in a transverse to the longitudinal section according to 2 made sectional representation.
are each shown schematically. Corresponding parts and sizes are in the 1 to 5 provided with the same reference numerals.

The illustrated rolling machine according to 1 to 5 is designed as a cross wedge or cross wedge rolling machine and includes a first work roll 2 which is rotatable or rotating about a rotation axis A, and a second work roll 3 which is rotatable about a rotational axis B or rotating. The sense of rotation of both work rolls 2 and 3 is illustrated with the illustrated arrows and the same. The rotation axes A and B are arranged substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of gravity or gravitational force (gravitational force) indicated by the arrow, so that the work rolls 2 and 3 are arranged one above the other. The work rolls have a substantially cylindrical outer surface.

The distance W between the two axes of rotation A and B of the work rolls 2 and 3 is referred to below as the roll distance. The distance between tween the cylindrical outer surfaces of the two work rolls 2 and 3 is uniquely linked to the distance W via the roll diameter. One between the two work rolls 2 and 3 Parallel to the axes of rotation A and B extending, defining the geometric center center axis (or center position) is denoted by M. In symmetrical position of the two axes of rotation A and B to the central axis M, the distance between the two axes of rotation A and B to the central axis M is equal to W / 2.

On the outer surface or lateral surface of the work rolls 2 and 3 are each wedge-shaped tools in cross section 20 and 21 respectively. 30 and 31 fastened, in particular braced or screwed. In the illustrated embodiments according to 1 to 5 are the tools 20 and 21 the first stripper 2 and the tools 30 and 31 the second stripper 3 each disposed obliquely and at an angle to the respective axis of rotation A and B, wherein the tools 20 and 21 the stripper 2 are arranged axially in the substantially same positions with respect to the central axis M. In the in 2 shown position of the work rolls 2 and 3 are the tools 20 and 21 respectively. 30 and 31 on the inner side facing each other closer together than on the opposite outer side. Preferably, take the tools 20 and 21 such as 30 and 31 seen in the circumferential direction in its cross section, wherein the increase in the cross section of the tools 20 and 21 in the same direction of rotation or orientation is and in the tools 30 and 31 the second stripper 3 opposite or opposite to that to the tools 20 and 21 the first stripper 2 is.

Each of the two work rolls 2 and 3 is now at its two ends on each one wave extension in each case two storage facilities 16 and 17 respectively. 18 and 19 rotatably mounted about the respective axis of rotation A and B respectively.

At the storage facilities distance sensors are arranged and that a first distance sensor 51 for measuring the distance w1 substantially between the bearing means 16 and the central axis M (or even one arranged in the region of the central axis M, in 1 Not shown positioning for positioning of the workpiece), a second distance sensor 52 for measuring the distance w2 substantially between the bearing means 17 and the center axis M, a third distance sensor 53 for measuring the distance w3 substantially between the bearing means 18 and the center axis M and a fourth distance sensor 54 for measuring the distance w4 substantially between the bearing means 19 and the center axis M. The distance sensors 51 to 54 may be in particular ultrasonic sensors, optical, magnetic or inductive sensors or other known distance sensors.

The storage facilities 16 to 19 are also each adjustable in position or position and that the storage facility 16 from an associated actuator 22 , the storage facility 17 from an associated actuator 23 the storage facility 18 from an associated actuator 32 and the storage facility 19 from an associated actuator 33 , By adjusting the position (s) of the storage facility (s) 16 and or 17 respectively. 18 and or 19 Now is the axis of rotation A and B of the work roll 2 respectively. 3 displaced in their position. For example, when adjusting the two storage facilities 16 and 17 the stripper 2 parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis of rotation A of this work roll 2 shifted by the same adjustment in the same direction, the axis of rotation A in parallel. The distances w1 and w2 thus both increase by the same amount. With simultaneous adjustment of the storage facilities 18 and 19 the other stripper 3 parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis of rotation B of this work roll 3 by the same displacement in the same direction to each other but opposite to the direction of adjustment of the storage facilities 16 and 17 the axis of rotation B are moved parallel, the distances w1 to w4 all increased by the same amount and the distance W between the axes of rotation A and B increases. When adjusting only the storage facility 16 the stripper 2 For example, upwards the distance w1 are increased and the distance w2 kept substantially the same, and thus the axis of rotation A of this work roll 2 turned or panned.

It is now a control device 55 provided, via, preferably electrical, control lines with the actuators 22 . 23 . 32 and 33 is connected and via, generally electrical, measuring lines for transmitting the measured signals or measured values with the distance sensors 51 . 52 . 53 and 54 connected is. The control device 55 now holds the axes of rotation A and B of the work rolls 2 and 3 in a predetermined relative position to one another, in particular the parallel position below the predetermined distance W, by comparing the measured distances w1 to w4 with predetermined desired distances, which are preferably all equal to a common nominal distance, and adjusting or correcting them by actuating the actuators 22 . 23 . 32 and or 34 , The control device 55 contains for this purpose preferably a microprocessor and a memory with a stored control algorithm and stored or newly stored setpoints.

The 2 to 5 show an embodiment of a rolling machine 1 in different representations. The 2 shows a longitudinal section along a cutting plane containing the longitudinal direction of the rolling machine and the direction of gravity. The 3 and 4 show side views of the rolling machine on the two front or narrow sides. The cut of the 5 is in 2 . 3 and 4 marked with the arrows VV.

Every stripper 2 and 3 is between two axially to the respective axis of rotation A and B arranged on the end faces holding devices 12A and 12B respectively. 13A and 13B releasably held and can from the holding devices 12A and 12B respectively. 13A and 13B in their unlocked state are taken out to replace the tools 20 and 21 respectively. 30 and 31 or the entire work rolls 2 and 3 with the tools 20 and 21 respectively. 30 and 31 , There are each unspecified pivot bearing, in particular rolling bearings, the holding device 12A in the storage facility 16 and the holding device 12B in the storage facility 17 each about the axis of rotation A of the first work roll 2 rotatably mounted and the holding device 13A in the storage facility 18 and the holding device 13B in the storage facility 19 each about the axis of rotation B of the second work roll 3 rotatably mounted.

For turning the work rolls 2 and 3 about their respective axes of rotation A and B are a first rotary drive 42 for the first stripper 2 and a second, from the first rotary drive 42 independent rotary drive 43 for the second work roll 3 intended. Every rotation drive 42 and 43 includes an associated rotary drive motor 44 respectively. 45 and a - not shown - rotary drive gear 46 respectively. 47 , For example, one, in particular three-stage, gear transmission, for transmitting the torque of the rotary drive motor 44 respectively. 45 on the associated work roll 2 respectively. 3 , It is the axis of rotation C of the output shaft of the rotary drive motor 44 of the first rotary drive 42 and the rotation axis D of the output shaft of the rotary drive motor 45 of the second rotary drive 43 orthogonal to the Rotary axes A and B of the respective work rolls 2 and 3 directed.

In the 1 left arranged holding devices 12A for the upper work roll 2 and 13A for the lower work roll 3 each set as solid waves (or hollow shafts) axially to the axes of rotation A and B through the associated storage facilities 16 respectively. 18 and are with the - not shown - rotary drive gears 46 respectively. 47 the associated rotary drives 42 respectively. 43 coupled or engaged. An operation of the rotary drive motors 44 and 45 So leads to the transmission of a rotational movement on the rotary drive gear 46 respectively. 47 on the holding device 12A respectively. 13A and thus on the stripper 2 respectively. 3 and the co-rotating second holding device 12B and 13B ,

The rotary drive motors 44 and 45 are preferably permanent magnet motors, in particular so-called torque motors. The high dynamics or rotational acceleration and the high torque of the torque motor allows a very dynamic control or regulation of the rotational speed of the rotating work rolls 2 and 3 in adaptation to the rolling process. Each of the permanent magnet motors 44 and 45 is controlled electronically, in particular via a converter.

The rolling machine 1 further comprises a support means (or: a roll stand or frame) 6 , The carrier device 6 comprises four columnar support elements 6A to 6D which are arranged in a rectangular arrangement and on a common bottom plate 6E on the floor 50 is supported, mounted or attached. The carrier elements 6A to 6D run in a longitudinal direction vertically or vertically, ie parallel to the gravitational force G.

In each of the support elements 6A to 6D is an associated tie rod 7A to 7B vertically arranged in the longitudinal direction of the respective support member, the bottom of the support plate 6E is fixed and above by means of an associated, unspecified lock nut, preferably a hydraulically actuated lock nut, is biased. In this case, a split Unterlagsringsegment is preferably placed under the hydraulic nut when the hydraulic nut is in the pressurized state, and then pressed by relaxing the hydraulic pressure, the nut on the Unterlagsringsegment. This allows the carrier elements 6A to 6D be put under a certain tension and stiffened. This leads to a stiffening of the roll stand of the rolling machine 1 ,

The storage facility 16 is via a drive spindle (or: adjusting spindle) 26 from an above arranged first actuator 22 height adjustable along a vertical, ie parallel to the direction of gravity G extending axis E and the bearing device 17 is via a drive spindle 27 from a second actuator arranged above 23 height adjustable along a vertical axis F. The storage facility 18 is via a drive spindle 36 from a third actuator located below 32 height adjustable along the vertical axis E and the storage facility 19 is via a drive spindle 37 from a fourth actuator located below 33 height adjustable along the vertical axis F.

Every actuator 22 . 23 . 32 . 33 includes a drive motor 24 . 25 . 34 . 35 that has a drive shaft 28 . 29 . 38 . 39 and an unspecified check gear with high reduction the drive spindle 26 . 27 . 36 . 37 and thus the storage facility 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 drives. The maximum adjustment paths or adjustment strokes of the actuators 22 . 23 . 32 . 33 are typically 50 mm to 150 mm, the adjustment accuracy or Verstellschritte are typically in adaptation to the thermal expansion in the rolling machine some 1/100 mm. The drive motors 24 . 25 . 34 . 35 can be geared motors and / or three-phase asynchronous motors or synchronous motors and / or permanent magnet motors (eg servomotors) with an electronic control and are applied to the high Verstellgenauig speed when adjusting only with power pulses in the millisecond range.

The two storage facilities 16 and 18 are about guides for their adjustment movement 8B the carrier element 6B and 8C the carrier element 6C in or on the two support elements 6B and 6C guided vertically. The two other storage facilities 17 and 19 are accordingly for their adjustment via guides 8A the carrier element 6A and 8D the carrier element 6D in or on the two support elements 6A and 6D guided vertically.

There are thus working units of one work roll 2 respectively. 3 , two holding devices 12A and 12B respectively. 13A and 13B , two storage facilities 16 and 17 respectively. 18 and 19 and a rotary drive 42 respectively. 43 formed on each two on the support means 6 fixed actuators 22 and 23 respectively. 32 and 33 are height-adjustable suspended and to each other or away from each other and in or on the support means 6 guided are movable.

By adjusting the storage facilities 16 and 17 - And thus the entire work unit including the associated work roll 2 - By means of the actuators 22 and 23 in the same direction and by the same amount, ie at the same time by the same stroke upwards or at the same time the same stroke down, the axis of rotation A of the first work roll 2 moved parallel up or down. Similarly, by adjusting the storage facilities 18 and 19 and associated work unit with stripper 3 via the actuators 32 and 33 in the same direction and by the same amount the axis of rotation B of the second work roll 3 moved parallel up or down.

Thus, by means of the actuators 22 and 23 and / or the actuators 32 and 33 the roll spacing W between the axes of rotation A and B of the two work rolls 2 and 3 or the tool spacing w can be varied.

in the Operation of the rolling machine distinguishes at least three steps or process phases. The three process phases form a working cycle. In a series production for producing a plurality of converted workpieces usually several such cycles performed in succession.

In a first phase of the process, the workpiece becomes 10 between the rollers 2 and 3 positioned. The workpiece 10 will do so according to 3 by means of two guide rulers or positioning parts 61 and 62 one only in 3 shown positioning 60 in a position on the center axis M between the work rolls 2 and 3 brought. The two positioning parts 61 and 62 are movable along a positioning axis P perpendicular to the central axis M, as indicated by the double arrows, in particular by means of rollers. The positioning parts 61 and 62 can be moved back in such a way that the work roll 2 and or 3 can be changed without the positioning parts 61 and 62 must be dismantled.

In a second process phase, the forming phase, the workpiece becomes 10 from the tools of the work rolls 2 and 3 recorded and formed between the rotating tools of the rolls. In this forming phase, the distances w1, w2, w3 and w4 are measured as a measure of the distances between the axes of rotation A and B and the center axis M.

In In a third process phase, the formed workpiece is restored taken from the space between the rollers or ejected. It will now be the distances w1 and w2 and w3 and w4 in particular with a common nominal distance compared, so that so a parallel position of the axes of rotation A and B is sought. If the deviation is too great one of the distances w1 to w4 from the nominal distance, the axes of rotation A and B in the described Way changed in their position, until the deviation is eliminated or within a tolerance range lies.

1

rolling machine

2, 3

Stripper

6A to 6D

support element

6E

baseplate

7A to 7D

tie rods

8A to 8D

guide

10

workpiece

12A, 12B

holder

13A, 13B

holder

16 17, 18, 19

Storage facility

20 21

Tool

22 23

actuator

24 25

gearmotor

26 27

adjusting spindle

28 29

drive shaft

30 31

Tool

32 33

actuator

34 35

gearmotor

36 37

adjusting spindle

38 39

drive shaft

42 43

rotary drive

44 45

Rotary drive motor

46 47

Rotary drive gear

50

ground

51 52

distance sensor

53 54

distance sensor

55

control device

60

positioning

61, 62

positioning parts

A, B

axis of rotation

C., D

drive axle

e, F

axis

G

gravitational force

M

central axis

V

adjustment axis

P

positioning

w

tool clearance

w1, w2

distance

w3, w4, W

distance

Claims (49)

Method for hot forming or hot forming of at least one workpiece made of a metallic material, a) in which the workpiece is deformed during a forming phase between surfaces or tools of at least two rollers of a profile cross rolling machine rotating around a respective axis of rotation and after the forming phase the workpiece is removed from the intermediate space between the B) in which during the forming phase, the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers is determined to each other, c) in which the determined relative position of the axes of rotation is compared with a desired relative position, d) in which, if outside of a given NEN tolerance range lying deviation of the determined relative position of the axes of rotation of the desired relative position is determined, the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers is corrected such that the deviation is again within the tolerance range, e) in which each correction of the relative position of the axes of rotation Rolling is carried out after the forming phase f) and at the during the forming phase occurring thermal and / or mechanical changes in shape or volume in the rolls or other areas of the roll comprising rolling, in particular storage facilities for the rollers and support means for the storage facilities, by the correction the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers can be compensated. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers at a given Determined angular position of at least one of the rollers during the forming phase becomes. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized characterized in that the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers at a given force load of the roller (s) during the Forming phase is determined. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that for determining the relative position of the axes of rotation the rollers determined only the Po position of one of the axes of rotation of the rollers is and the determined position of this axis of rotation for correction the relative position of the axes of rotation used to the desired relative position becomes. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that that the determined position of the axis of rotation of this roller with a associated Target position is compared and in case of a deviation outside a predetermined tolerance range corrected to the target position and in which the position (s) of the rotation axis (s) of the other roller (s) unchanged or remains fixed to the environment or is accepted respectively stay or be accepted. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized that for determining the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers determines the positions of the axes of rotation of at least two rollers and the determined positions of the rotary axes for correction the relative position of the axes of rotation are used. Method according to Claim 6, characterized that the determined positions of the axes of rotation of the rollers, respectively an associated target position be compared and a deviation from the associated target position outside one predetermined tolerance range, the positions respectively to the associated target position Getting corrected. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized that for determining the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers a distance of the axes of rotation of at least two rollers from each other determined and this determined distance to correct the relative Location of the axes of rotation is used to the desired relative position. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that that the determined distance of the axes of rotation of these rolls with a associated Setpoint distance is compared and at a deviation from the nominal distance outside a predetermined tolerance range corrected to the desired distance becomes. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized that for determining the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers at least two distances the axes of rotation of at least two rollers, preferably on, in the direction seen the respective axis of rotation, opposite sides of the rollers, determined and the distances determined to correct the relative Location of the axes of rotation are used to the desired relative position. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized that for determining the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers at least one distance of the axis of rotation of at least one roller to a predetermined center axis provided for receiving the workpiece Space between the rollers or tools is determined and this distance to correct the relative position of the axes of rotation the desired relative position is used. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that that at least two distances each axis of rotation to the central axis, preferably on, in the direction of seen respective axis of rotation, opposite sides of the rollers, determined and these distances determined to correct the relative Location of the axes of rotation are used to the desired relative position. The method of claim 11 or claim 12, characterized characterized in that the central axis within a plane of motion or on a movement axis of two mutually movable parts of a Positioning device for positioning the workpiece is located or defines the axis on which the workpiece is positioned. Method according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that each determined distance is compared with in each case an associated desired distance and in the case of a deviation from the associated desired distance outside a predetermined tolerance range, this distance is corrected to the associated desired distance. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized marked that a) several workpieces in successive Forming phases successively between the surfaces or tools of the rolls be transformed and after the associated Umformphase each workpiece from the Gap between the rollers or the tools ejected will and b) in each transformation phase or in each to a predetermined Number of forming phases following deformation phase the relative position the axes of rotation of the rolls are determined c) after each forming phase or a predetermined number of forming phases and / or after ejection of the respective workpiece the correction of the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers is performed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the rollers in each case two storage facilities are rotatably mounted and to adjust the relative position of the axes of rotation the rollers to each other one of the two storage facilities or both Storage facilities at least one roller via at least one actuator to be moved. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotation axis (s) of the roller (s) or the bearing device (s) of the Roller (s) for correcting the relative position to the desired relative position at least partially linear in a given direction of movement is or will be moved. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that that the direction of movement of the linear motion substantially is directed perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the rollers or is. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the axis of rotation (s) of the roller (s) for correction the relative position to the desired relative position at least partially rotated or being tilted. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the axes of rotation of at least two rollers in assume the desired relative position a mutually parallel position. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the workpiece consists of a ferrous metallic material. Method according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized that the workpiece is off a non-ferrous metallic material. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the desired relative position or the desired position (s) or the nominal distance / distances of the axes of rotation of the rollers dependent of the material and / or the shape of the workpiece to be formed or from the desired Shape or the desired Dimensions of the formed workpiece can be set or selected or are. Method according to claim 23, characterized that the shape of the workpiece before the forming phase is measured and the desired relative position, nominal position (s) or the nominal distance / distances are set accordingly will or will be. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that any correction of the relative position of the axes of rotation the rollers after ejecting the workpiece from the space between performed the tools becomes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that any correction of the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rolls is performed in a reduced form of force-relieved state of the rolls. Profilquerquerwalmaschine for hot forming or hot forming at least one workpiece made of a metallic material, in particular for performing a method according to any one of the preceding claims, with a) at least two rotatable about one axis of rotation or rotating, in particular equipped with tools or equipped, rollers, b) at least one C) at least one actuator for adjusting the position (s) of the axis of rotation (s) of one or both of the rollers, d) a Device for determining the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers relative to one another during the forming phase, e) a control device in operative connection with the device for determining the relative position of the axes of rotation and with each actuator for correcting the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers to a desired relative position by means of the actuator (s) after the forming phase to compensate for thermal and / or mechanical shape or volume changes in the rollers or other areas of the rolling machine occurring during the forming phase, in particular storage facilities for the rollers and support means for the storage facilities. Profile cross rolling machine according to claim 27, characterized in that the control device determines the relative position of the Rotary axes of the rollers to a desired relative position by means of the or the actuators (s) after ejecting the workpiece corrected from the space between the tools or the rollers. Profile cross rolling machine according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the control means the relative Position of the axes of rotation of the rollers to a desired relative position means of the actuator or actuators (s) in a formertruckentlasteten state the rollers corrected. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 29 characterized by a positioning device with two to each other movable positioning parts for positioning the workpiece in the area a predetermined central axis between the two rollers. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 30, characterized in that each roller associated with at least one associated actuator is independent Adjusting the positions of the axes of rotation of the rollers. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 30, characterized in that the rollers have a common actuator is assigned, over in each case one transmission can be coupled or coupled to each of the rollers is, wherein the gears are preferably formed so that the axes of rotation both rollers when driven by the common actuator at the same time a reference position between the rollers, preferably the central axis, are movable to or from this. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 32, characterized in that a) two for each roller End faces of the roller with the roller, connectable or connected and with the roller mitrotierbare or co-rotating holding devices and b) for each holding device each have a bearing device in which the Holding device is rotatably mounted, comprises b) where the Storage facilities with the holding devices mounted in them at least one roller associated with the or this roller Actuator (s) is coupled or coupled and over the or the actuator (s) are movable or moved to alter the Position of the axis of rotation of the associated Roller. Profile cross rolling machine according to claim 33, characterized characterized in that each bearing means each with an associated actuator connected is. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 34, characterized in that at least one or each roller or one or more storage devices of the rolls of the or the associated Actuator (s) linear along a given direction of movement is movable. Profile cross rolling machine according to claim 35, characterized characterized in that the direction of movement of the roller (s) substantially perpendicular to the Drehach se at least one or both movable or moving roller (s) and / or substantially parallel to gravity is directed. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 36, characterized in that the axis of rotation (n) of the roller (s) by means of the associated actuators tiltable or rotatable is or are. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 37, characterized in that in the desired relative position, the axes of rotation the rollers are directed substantially parallel to each other. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 38, characterized in that in the desired relative position, the axes of rotation the rollers substantially, seen in the direction of gravity, one above the other are arranged or substantially perpendicular to the direction of gravity are arranged. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 39, characterized in that at least one actuator at least an electric actuator motor and one with the actuator motor on the one hand and the associated one Roll on the other hand coupled or coupled power transmission device to transfer the driving force or driving torque of the actuator motor for moving the rollers. Profile cross rolling machine according to claim 40, characterized characterized in that the power transmission device comprises at least one drive spindle and / or a worm gear. Profile cross rolling machine after one of the Claims 27 to 41 characterized by a non-rotatable with the roller or non-rotatable carrier means on or from the or the actuator (s) is worn or mounted or are. Profile cross rolling machine according to claim 42, characterized characterized in that the carrier means guide areas to lead the rollers or the storage facilities during their movement. Profile cross rolling machine according to claim 42 or claim 43, characterized in that the carrier device four carrier elements comprising, wherein between two of the four support elements one of the storage facilities a first of the two rolls and one of the storage facilities of second of the two rollers and between the other two of the four support elements the other bearing means of the first roller and the other bearing means The second roller are arranged and guided movably. Profile cross rolling machine according to claim 44, characterized characterized in that the carrier elements by means of Tie rods and nuts are biased. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 45, characterized in that the actuators for the rollers are arranged on opposite sides of the rollers. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 46, characterized in that the means for determining the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers to each other at least two distance sensors for measuring the distances the axes of rotation of the rollers from each other or to the central axis or the distances the storage facilities to the central axis or positioning as a measure of the position (s) or the distance between the axes of rotation of the rollers. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 47, characterized in that the means for determining the relative position of the axes of rotation of the rollers to each other at least one Ultrasonic sensor or an optical sensor or an inductive Sensor or a magnetic sensor comprises. Profile cross rolling machine according to one of claims 27 to 48, characterized in that the tools on the rollers in Cross section wedge-shaped or triangular Have profiles or shapes and along the circumference in their increase radial dimension in one direction and / or obliquely to the axis of rotation the associated Roller run.