DE102021129728A1 - Blackboard, building constructed therewith and manufacturing method for the blackboard - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to be able to produce at least the upright layer (4) of a solid wall panel (1) from barely spaced, juxtaposed wooden beam uprights (4.1 - 4.z) in a highly automated and continuous process and to be independent of the compressive strength of the lintel and threshold, i.e. the two chords (6a, b) of the stator layer (4), the thickness (d) of the chords (6a, b) in the thickness direction (12) of the stator layer (4) is only a fraction of the thickness (D ) of the post layer (4) selected and both arranged on the same side (4a) of the main plane of the post layer (4) in local end belt recesses (24a, b) of the wooden beam posts (4.1 - 4.z). As a result, during production of the stand layer (4), the stands (4.1 - 4.z) can be placed one after the other with the cross-belt recesses (24a, b) downwards on two suitably spaced adjacent cross-belts (6a, b) and connected to them are in an ongoing process.

Description

I. Field of application

The invention relates to a wall structure for multi-storey buildings, the primary building material of which is wood, which is chosen because of its low weight, good technical insulating properties and the sustainability of its production.

II. Technical background

• Um den Bedarf an Holz - z.B. gegenüber Blockhäusern aus Holz - zu senken und die thermischen Dämmeigenschaften zu verbessern, sind Häuser in Holzständerbauweise bekannt, bei denen der Wandaufbau aus rahmenartigen Tragkonstruktionen aus Holz besteht, wobei die Hohlräume in den Rahmen mit Dämmmaterial gefüllt werden und anschließend eine innere und äußere geschlossene Beplankung, häufig ebenfalls aus Holz- oder Gipswerkstoffen, aufgebracht wird.

Different types of construction are known for buildings that are primarily made of wood:

• In order to reduce the need for wood - e.g. compared to log houses made of wood - and to improve the thermal insulation properties, houses in timber frame construction are known in which the wall structure consists of frame-like supporting structures made of wood, the cavities in the frame being filled with insulating material and then an inner and outer closed planking, often also made of wood or gypsum materials, is applied.

In addition, about from the DE 10 2011 110 918 B4 , Also known wall structures in which a continuous, static load-bearing layer of wood z. B. lined up, vertical, grown wooden beams, the so-called wooden stands, which can have a horizontally extending across all wooden stands away beam-shaped frame or threshold as the upper and lower end and which can also have on the outside with can be provided with an insulating layer, with additional cladding as weather protection, fire protection and the like, if necessary.

Such wall structures are also used in the form of prefabricated wall panels, which allow rapid construction progress when assembled on the construction site.

The floor slabs are also delivered and placed as prefabricated floor slab panels, preferably again consisting of wood materials.

• - nicht nur vertikaler Lastabtragung, sondern auch Steifigkeit der Tafeln in ihrer Hauptebene,
• - ausreichendem Brandschutz,
• - Berücksichtigung von Setzungs- und Quellungsverhalten des Baustoffes Holz,
• - wirtschaftliche und schnelle Produktion auch größerer Mengen

zu lösen.However, if you want to realize multi-storey buildings of four to eight floors with such a wall structure, there are also a number of problems with regard to

• - not only vertical load transfer, but also rigidity of the panels in their main plane,
• - adequate fire protection,
• - Consideration of settlement and swelling behavior of the building material wood,
• - economical and fast production, also of larger quantities

to solve.

Such wall panels made of rows of wooden beams are prefabricated at the factory, but there is still a considerable amount of manual production work involved.

However, in order to be able to use such wall panels on an industrial scale and also to be able to use them inexpensively to create living space in buildings with more than four storeys, a far more highly automated and therefore more cost-effective production of the wall panels is desirable.

III. Presentation of the invention

a) Technical task

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a wall structure and a method for its construction which solve the aforementioned problems in a simple manner.

b) Solution of the task

This object is solved by the features of claims 1, 15 and 18. Advantageous embodiments result from the dependent claims.

A generic wall panel comprises, on the one hand, a stud layer made of wooden beam studs arranged closely next to one another and, at the end of the stud, a belt running transversely to the direction of extension, the greatest direction of extension of the stud, as well as at least one paneling arranged on at least one side of the stud layer, which preferably continuous over the entire surface of the stator layer.

Paneling, in particular by means of one or more paneling panels, is understood to mean paneling that additionally stabilizes and/or stiffens the wall panel.

In addition, cladding can be carried out, in particular by means of at least one cladding panel or a cladding body, which in the context of the present application is about the material properties of the cladding, in particular its structural-physical material properties (e.g. fire-retardant or thermally insulating properties).

However, planking and cladding can also be functionally combined, in that the planking or cladding can have other functions such as fire protection, soundproofing, etc. in addition to the stabilizing function.

The wooden beam stands are arranged so close to each other - or even touching each other - that the sum of the distances between the wooden beam stands over the entire wall panel is less than 5%, better less than 3%, better less than 2%, better is less than 1% of the length of the panel in that direction.

All wooden beam stands are preferably of the same thickness and/or width. It is also possible to use wooden beam stands that vary in size, in particular of different widths. In particular, in the context of the stand packages described later.

According to the invention, the existing object is achieved with regard to such a wall panel in that the belts are not as thick as the wooden beam stand, but are significantly thinner in the thickness direction of the stand layer.

For this purpose, the wooden beam stands have cross-belt recesses at their ends, the shape and dimensions of which are adapted to the cross-section of the respective girder--the two girders preferably having identical cross-sections. Preferably, the strap recesses are open both to the face of the timber stud and/or to three adjacent longitudinal sides, thereby forming a narrower end tongue at each end of each stud.

In the running direction of the chords, the transverse direction of the wooden beam studs and also the stud layer - the chords are both on the same side in the thickness direction of the stud layer
preferably with its outside flush with the outside of the stator layer, whereby flush also means deviations of up to 3 mm, preferably a maximum of 2 mm, preferably a maximum of 1 mm.

The thickness of the transverse chords in the thickness direction of the post layer is preferably at most 40%, better at most 35%, preferably at most 30% of the thickness of the post layer. In absolute values, the thickness is at least 39 mm, better at least 33 mm, better at least 27 mm.

The cross section of the chord is therefore larger in the longitudinal direction of the wooden beam stand, which is also the longitudinal direction of the stand layer at the same time, than in the thickness direction of the wooden beam stand, preferably at least by a factor of 6, better at least by a factor of 8, better at least by a factor of Factor 9, larger.

• Zum einen produktionstechnisch - wie später näher erläutert - da so für die Herstellung einer Ständer-Schicht somit zwei Gurte parallel und im Abstand zueinander so angeordnet werden können, dass die Holzbalken-Ständer einer nach dem anderen mit ihren Endzungen auf und mit ihren Mittelteilen zwischen die Gurte gelegt und zueinander auf geringen Abstand oder einander kontaktierend gebracht werden können, ohne dass die Holzbalken-Ständer zwischen den Gurten durchfallen können, was auch die automatisierte Zuführung, Einlegung und Verbindung sowie den Weitertransport mit den Gurten wesentlich erleichtert.

This design has a number of advantages:

• On the one hand, in terms of production technology - as explained in more detail later - for the production of a stand layer, two belts can be arranged parallel and at a distance from one another in such a way that the wooden beam stands one after the other with their end tongues on and with their middle parts between the Belts can be placed and placed at a small distance from one another or brought into contact with one another without the wooden beam stand being able to fall through between the belts, which also makes automated feeding, insertion and connection as well as further transport with the belts much easier.

The main advantage, however, is that the high load capacity of the wooden joist stands in their longitudinal direction - the wooden joist stands are cut in such a way that the primary grain direction coincides with their longitudinal direction - can be used without being limited by the compressive strength of the belts in this direction become.

In the case of spruce wood, for example, the elastic modulus for bending is 11,000 N/mm ² in the direction of the grain and 370 N/mm ² across the direction of the grain, and the compressive strength is 21 N/mm ² in the direction of the grain and 2.5 N/mm ² across the direction of the grain.

In construction with chords that have the same thickness as the wooden beam stand - the so-called sleeper and frame - the compressive strength is limited to the smaller of the two compressive strengths from the compressive strength in the longitudinal direction of the wooden beam stand and the compressive strength of the chord in its transverse direction .

Nevertheless, the straps are preferably made of wood materials, preferably laminated wood, in particular plywood, preferably veneer plywood.

They therefore have a high dimensional stability, although usually not the same compressive strength in the longitudinal direction of the wooden frame layer as the individual wooden beam frames, since wood materials or layer-glued wood usually consist of layers glued crosswise with regard to the fiber flow to increase the dimensional stability and dimensional accuracy and thus even with a fiber direction of a layer in the longitudinal direction of the wooden stand layer, this fiber direction and - with the same type of wood - the same compressive strength is only present in every second layer of this layer-glued belt.

So that the compressive load acts primarily on the wooden beam stand, the belts do not protrude beyond the ends of the wooden beam stand in the longitudinal direction, but are flush with them or stand back slightly, i.e. by one to a few millimetres, from their ends.

Each of the wooden beam stands is preferably connected to each of the belts in a non-positive or positive manner, for example clamped, nailed or screwed. For manufacturing reasons, such connecting elements as clamps, nails or screws - which can be made of metal or a wood material - are introduced in a first connection step from the side of the wooden beam stand facing away from the belt into the end tongues and extend into the Belt inside, but are preferably also introduced from the belt side in a second connection step and extend through the belts into the end tongues of the wooden beam stands.

At least the first and last joist studs are fixed to the chords, and if not all stud studs are fixed to the chords then preferably at least 20%, better at least 30%, better at least 50% of all the joist studs of a panel, preferably then with the fixations evenly spaced between the unattached wooden joist stands.

A first fixation preferably takes place when the chords and uprights are brought together, so that these connecting elements do not extend through the planking panel that is applied later, but additional fastening elements can be inserted into the uprights and/or in the cross girders and if necessary, also be introduced through these into the end tongues of the stand.

The planking and/or cladding layers preferably consist of a fire-retardant and/or soundproofing material, in particular primarily gypsum or another non-combustible mineral material, for example gypsum plasterboard or gypsum fiberboard reinforced with non-combustible fibres.

Chipboard and oriented strand boards (OSB) or other wood-based materials can also be used in particular for the external thermal insulation or the external thermal clothing body.

The material of the cladding panels preferably has a specific weight which is at least 50%, better at least 100% higher than the specific weight of the upright layer in order to bring about good soundproofing.

The straps preferably have positioning recesses along their direction of extension, the transverse direction of the wooden stud layer, which are open towards the longitudinal direction of the wooden stud layer and the two adjacent main side surfaces of the strap and are of such a length in the direction of extension of the strap that a Stud can be inserted precisely therein and is thereby positioned in a specific manner in the transverse direction, whereby the belts for the wooden stud layer as a whole specify a positioning in the transverse direction.

In the event that the corresponding wall is to have a door or a window, instead of a certain number of consecutive uprights, a so-called upright package, a special door package or window package, usually just as wide, is used instead of this stand package is inserted, which is prefabricated apart from the manufacture of the stand layer and, in addition to the door or window opening and any surrounding reveal wood, the remaining elements required below and/or above - in particular an upper lintel and/or a lower threshold or in the case of windows, a lower parapet that can contain partial uprights in order to arrive at the length design of the upright package that it replaces.

The ends of such special packages on both sides can be designed in such a way that they fit into the positioning recesses in the belts, so that the belts do not have to be designed individually for this, only the door package or window package.

Or there are appropriate package recesses in the chords in order to position the special package exactly in the transverse direction of the core layer. The package recesses on the one hand and the positioning recesses on the other hand then preferably have different depths measured in the longitudinal direction of the stand.

The wooden stand layer can have an installation stand or an installation package instead of a stand or a stand package from adjacent stands, which - over part or the entire length of the installation package - a particular to one of the main sides of the Stand layer open towards, in particular running in the longitudinal direction, has installation duct for one or more lines, be it for electrical lines or water lines or ventilation ducts.

The installation duct is lined with effective fire protection, in particular fire-retardant material, and is prefabricated before it is introduced into the stud layer. The lining can consist of adjoining panel parts of a fire-protective, in particular fire-retardant panel, but the installation package preferably consists of fire-protective, in particular fire-retardant material over more than the depth of the installation duct, into which the installation duct is subsequently cut, in particular sawn or milled, is.

With regard to a building in which the walls have a wall panel, the existing object is achieved in that the wall panel is designed as described above.

It is preferably a building in which all supporting walls consist of load-bearing wall panels--as described above--that is to say the supporting walls, in particular exclusively, represent the supporting structure of the building.

Where the panel is part of an exterior wall of the building, the panel is preferably installed with the strap on the outside of the building.

If a floor slab - be it made of wood or concrete - rests on one of the faces of a wall panel, it is only in the thickness range of the upper end tongues of the wooden beam stand of the stand layer on the wall panel.

This puts the load only into the studs of the stud layer and not into the belt, even if it should protrude.

Remaining free spaces in the connection area between the wall panel and a concrete ceiling panel are usually filled with a dense filling of a hardenable, compressive and/or tensile filling material, in particular mortar or concrete, in order to create a connection between the individual wall panels of the storeys and to produce the floor slab. The connection can also be designed to dissipate lifting forces....

• - eine Tragwand in Form der einen oder mehreren aneinander anschließenden Wandtafeln
• - und eine Bekleidung, letztere umfassend
• - einen thermisch isolierenden Dämmkörper, vorzugsweise inklusive zweiter wasserabführender Schicht,
• - die witterungsabschirmende Außenfassade als erste wasserabführende Schicht.

In a building having a wall panel as described in an exterior wall, the exterior wall preferably comprises, inside out

• - a supporting wall in the form of one or more adjoining wall panels
• - and clothing, including the latter
• - a thermally insulating body, preferably including a second water-draining layer,
• - the weather-shielding outer facade as the first water-draining layer.

This creates a weather-resistant building envelope with a long service life.

The wall panels described - together with the floor slabs - usually form the supporting structure of the building.

The cladding comprises a prefabricated insulating body that can be handled separately, with an insulating layer inside, which is attached to the corresponding wall panel, preferably only from the outside, and can therefore be exchanged at any time , also take place after the cladding has been mounted on the supporting wall. The outside of the insulating body is protected with a weather protection facade.

1. a) Anordnen zweier Gurte im richtigen Ständer-Längsabstand und mit Freiraum dazwischen nach unten wobei die Gurte vorzugsweise mit ihren Stirnflächen an einem Stirn-Anschlag anliegen,
2. b) Dazwischensetzen eines ersten Ständers durch Auflegen der Endzungen des Ständers auf den beiden Gurten, sodass dann das Ende der Gurt-Ausnehmung möglichst an der schmalen Längsseite des Gurtes nahezu oder unmittelbar anliegt,
3. c) Fixieren dieses Ständers, insbesondere Verschrauben durch seine Endzungen hindurch, gegenüber den beiden Gurten in allen drei Raumrichtungen,
4. d) Einsetzen des nächsten Ständers mit seinem Mittelteil oder - wie später beschrieben - Ständer-Paketes zwischen die Gurte hinter dem letzten, insbesondere bereits an den Gurten fixierten, Ständer,
5. e) Fixieren, insbesondere Verschrauben oder Vernageln, dieses weiteren Ständers durch seine Endzungen hindurch gegenüber den beiden Gurten,
6. f) Wiederholen der Schritte d) und e), bis über die gesamte Länge der Quergurte deren Ständer-Längsabstand mit Holzbalken-Ständern angefüllt ist.

With regard to the method for producing wall panels as described above, at least their upright layers are produced according to the invention in a continuous process in a highly automated and very efficient manner

1. a) arranging two belts at the correct longitudinal distance between the uprights and with free space between them downwards, with the belts preferably resting with their front faces on a front stop,
2. b) Place a first stand in between by placing the end tongues of the stand on the two belts, so that the end of the belt recess then lies as close as possible or directly to the narrow longitudinal side of the belt,
3. c) Fixing this stand, in particular screwing through its end tongues, opposite the two straps in all three spatial directions,
4. d) Insertion of the next stand with its middle part or - as described later - stand package between the belts behind the last stand, in particular one already fixed to the belts,
5. e) Fixing, in particular screwing or nailing, this further stand through its end tongues opposite the two straps,
6. f) Repeat steps d) and e) until the entire length of the transverse straps whose Stän the longitudinal spacing is filled with wooden beam stands.

As a result, it is not only possible to produce stand layers up to a virtually endless width - limited at most by the length of the belts. The individual stands can also be fed in automatically from above and fixed to the belts.

Between steps b) and c), the next stand is preferably pushed up to the preceding stand in order to keep the cavities in the stand layer small.

In step c), the fixing is preferably carried out by inserting so-called screw nails, which can also be unscrewed again because of their external thread. All other fixings of the uprights relative to the transverse chords and/or the planking relative to the uprights or transverse chords are preferably effected by means of clamps, that is to say the introduction of U-shaped clamps.

To ensure that the feeding device for the stand and/or the fixing device for fixing the stand to the belts can remain approximately, in particular exactly, in the same position, the resulting stand layer is preferably removed after each stand or a defined number of stands have been fixed between the belts by the corresponding distance, namely a conveying distance in the form of a single or multiple integer of the desired width of a stand, optionally plus a width allowance to absorb material or manufacturing differences in the width of the stand

Due to the manufacturing process, the individual stands do not all have exactly the same width, despite a defined very low moisture content, and are also not optimally straight, since they are made of natural wood.

In order to nevertheless distribute the uprights evenly over the width of the wall panel and to ensure that their sub-dimensions do not add up compared to the conveying distance, positioning recesses with a length corresponding to one another can be provided in the two belts in the narrow long sides facing one another be provided according to the conveying distance or the target width of a stand.

Of course, this requires two different types A and B of stands, which are of the same length, but whose belt recesses and thus also their end tongues have different lengths in the longitudinal direction of the stand.

• - zwischen zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Positionier-Ausnehmungen Ständer einer Sorte A mit den kürzeren Gurt-Ausnehmungen und Endzungen eingelegt,
• - abseits der Positionier-Ausnehmungen Ständer einer Sorte B mit den längeren Gurt-Ausnehmungen und Endzungen eingelegt.

Then become

• - between two opposing positioning recesses, a type A stand with the shorter belt recesses and end tongues is inserted,
• - Away from the positioning recesses, a type B stand with the longer belt recesses and end tongues is inserted.

For wall panels that are to contain a door, a window and/or electrical or plumbing installations, instead of a certain number of uprights as part of the application, a special package can be called when creating the upright layer, in particular in steps d) and e), between which belts are inserted, this preferably having a width of an integral multiple of the desired width of uprights.

• - ein Tür-Paket mit einer Tür-Öffnung darin,
• - und/oder ein Fenster-Paket mit einer Fenster-Öffnung darin,
• - und/oder ein Installations-Paket, welches einen Installationskanal enthält.

Such a special package can be

• - a door pack with a door opening in it,
• - and/or a window package with a window opening in it,
• - and/or an installation package containing an installation channel.

• - auf einer, insbesondere Brett-förmigen, Installations-Basis mit einer Breite entsprechend der Breite des Installations-Paketes nicht brennbares Material aufgebracht und flächig fixiert, insbesondere verklebt, wird,
• - insbesondere in Form von einer oder mehreren Schichten,
• - insbesondere in Form von Gips-Kartonplatten oder Gips-Faserplatten,
• - in das nicht brennbare Material ein Installations-Kanal so eingebracht, insbesondere eingefräst, wird, dass der Installations-Kanal auf allen Seiten bis auf der der Installations-Basis gegenüberliegenden Außenseite lückenlos von nicht brennbarem Material umgeben ist.

An installation package is preferably produced by

• - Non-combustible material is applied to an installation base, in particular in the form of a board, with a width corresponding to the width of the installation package and fixed over the entire area, in particular glued,
• - in particular in the form of one or more layers,
• - in particular in the form of plasterboard or gypsum fiberboard,
• - An installation channel is introduced into the non-combustible material, in particular milled, in such a way that the installation channel is completely surrounded by non-combustible material on all sides except for the outside of the installation base.

• g) Auflegen mindestens einer Schicht von Beplankungs-Platten auf die Oberseite der fertig gestellten Ständer-Schicht,
• h) Fixieren, insbesondere Verklammern, Verschrauben oder Vernageln, dieser Beplankungs-Platten gegenüber der Ständer-Schicht,

was ebenfalls noch im Durchlaufverfahren erfolgen kann.After the stand layer has been produced, planking is carried out on both sides

• g) laying at least one layer of planking panels on top of the finished stud layer,
• h) Fixing, in particular clipping, screwing or nailing, these planking panels to the stand layer,

which can also be done in a continuous process.

• i) Wenden der auf der Oberseite bereits beplankten Ständer-Schicht um 180° um die Förderrichtung, sodass die daran befestigten Beplankungs-Platten unten und die Gurte oben liegen,
• ggfs. zusätzliches Fixieren, insbesondere Klammern oder Nageln oder Schrauben der Gurte gegenüber den Endzungen k) Wiederholen der Schritte g) und h) auf der nun oben liegenden Seite der Ständer-Schicht.

The second side of the stator layer is then planked through

• i) Turn the stand layer, which is already planked on the upper side, by 180° around the conveying direction so that the planking panels attached to it are at the bottom and the belts are at the top,
• if necessary, additional fixing, in particular stapling or nailing or screwing the straps opposite the end tongues k) repeating steps g) and h) on the side of the upright layer that is now on top.

c) exemplary embodiments

• 1a: eine Ständerschicht einer Wandtafel im teilweise fertigen Zustand in der Aufsicht auf eine ihrer Hauptflächen,
• 1b: einen ersten Schnitt durch die Ständerschicht an der Stelle B - B in 1a,
• 1c: einen zweiten Schnitt durch die Ständerschicht an der Stelle C - C in 1a,
• 1d: einen Querschnitt durch die bereits vernagelte Ständerschicht,
• 1e: einen Querschnitt durch eine bereits einseitig beplankte Ständerschicht,
• 1f: einen Querschnitt durch eine bereits beidseits beplankte Ständerschicht,
• 1g: einen Querschnitt durch zwei übereinanderstehende Wandtafeln mit Geschossdecke dazwischen, mit Dämmung und Wetterschutzschicht auf der Außenseite,
• 2a: eine Ständerschicht einer Wandtafel mit darin enthaltenem Fenster im teilweise fertigen Zustand in der Aufsicht auf eine ihrer Hauptflächen,
• 2b: eine Ständerschicht einer Wandtafel mit darin enthaltener Tür und Fenstern sowie einem Installationskanal, im fertigen Zustand in der Ansicht gemäß 2a und 1a von der Rauminnenseite her,
• 2c: die Ständerschicht der 2b, jedoch ohne das kleinere Fenster, in perspektivischer Ansicht,
• 3: die Ständerschicht der 2c in perspektivischer Ansicht, bereits beidseitig beplankt,
• 4a - d: den Herstellungsvorgang eines Installations-Ständers betrachtet in Verlaufsrichtung des Installations-Kanals,
• 5a, b: den Beginn des Produktionsprozesses der Ständerschicht in unterschiedlichen Herstellungsstadien in der Aufsicht von oben,
• 6a, b: den Beginn des Produktionsprozesses in den Herstellungsstadien gemäß 5a, b in der Seitenansicht,
• 7a - c: den Ablage- und Montageprozess eines Ständers im Detail.

Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. Show it:

• 1a : a core layer of a wall panel in a partially finished condition, seen from above of one of its major faces,
• 1b : a first cut through the stator layer at point B - B in 1a ,
• 1c : a second cut through the stator layer at point C - C in 1a ,
• 1d : a cross section through the already nailed stator layer,
• 1e : a cross-section through a stator layer that is already clad on one side,
• 1f : a cross-section through a stator layer already clad on both sides,
• 1g : a cross-section through two superimposed wall panels with a floor between them, with insulation and weatherproof layer on the outside,
• 2a : a stud layer of a wall panel with a window contained therein, in the partially finished state, seen from above on one of its main faces,
• 2 B : a stud layer of a wall panel with door and windows contained therein and a service duct, in the finished state in the view according to 2a and 1a from the inside of the room,
• 2c : the stator layer of the 2 B , but without the smaller window, in a perspective view,
• 3 : the stator layer of the 2c in a perspective view, already planked on both sides,
• 4a - i.e : the manufacturing process of an installation stand viewed in the direction of the installation channel,
• 5a, b : the beginning of the production process of the stator layer in different manufacturing stages in top view,
• 6a, b : according to the beginning of the production process in the manufacturing stages 5a, b in the side view,
• 7a - c : the filing and assembly process of a stand in detail.

• Diese besteht aus in Breiten-Richtung 11 der Wandtafel 1 aneinandergereihten Holzbalken-Ständern 4.1, 4.2 usw., die vorzugsweise alle einen identischen Querschnitt, insbesondere identische Breite, und eine identische Länge in ihrer Verlaufsrichtung 4', der Ständer-Richtung 4', die somit gleichzeitig die Höhen-Richtung 10 der Wandtafel 1 ist.

The 1a - f show the basic structure of the support layer 4 of a wall panel 1 according to the invention:

• This consists of wooden beam stands 4.1, 4.2 etc. lined up in the width direction 11 of the wall panel 1, which preferably all have an identical cross section, in particular identical width, and an identical length in their direction 4 ', the stand direction 4', the thus at the same time the height direction 10 of the wall panel 1 is.

The width direction 11 and the height direction 10 of the wall panel 1 span its main plane.

The wooden beam stands 4.1, 4.2, etc. each have a recess in the form of a shoulder, the belt recess 24a, b, in the end regions of their stand direction 4' on the same side 4a of their circumference, so that when the stands are placed side by side 4 aligned belt recesses 24a, b over the entire width of the wall panel 1 in width direction 11 continuous, with its cross-section fitting board-shaped belt 6a, 6b can be inserted and connected to each individual stand 4.1, 4.2.

When the wall panel 1 is mounted vertically, the uprights 4.1, 4.2, etc. made of solid wood are cut so that the grain 9 is essentially in the upright direction 4' of the wooden beam uprights 4.1, 4.2, etc., because in the direction of the fiber flow 9, solid wood shows the smallest dimensional changes in the future and the highest static load capacity.

The chords 6a, 6b can also be made of sawn timber, but are usually made of layers 8 lying parallel to the main plane of the upright layer - as best seen in the enlargement of FIG 1c to recognize - glued, the fiber flow in the individual layers 8 runs crosswise to the adjacent layer 8, so in every second layer 8 the fiber flow can also be in the column direction 4 ', so that the End-grain proportion in the top and bottom is relatively high and thus a high resistance to dimensional changes in the vertical direction 20 - see 1g - offers.

Since the belts 6a, 6b can fulfill these functions all the better the more layers 8 they consist of that are glued together, they are preferably made of layers of veneer, ie laminated veneer lumber, and not just plywood.

According to 1a in the facing narrow sides of the two belts 6a, b at corresponding positions in the width direction 11 at defined intervals, for example for every fifth stand 4.5, 4.10 etc. positioning recesses 23a, b provided that - in the supervision of 1a - Go through from one main side to the other main side of the cross straps 6a, b and have a length corresponding to the target width B of a wooden beam stand, which results in shorter end tongues 25a, b on the stands in the end area in the stand direction 4'.

This defines the position in the width direction 11 of the wooden supports 4.5, 4.10 etc. inserted in these positioning recesses 23a, b, and in between there are - in this case four - wooden beam supports 4.6 - 4.9, which fill this gap, whereby they can contact each other or can take very small distances in the width direction 11 to each other due to manufacturing inaccuracies.

Stands 4.5 of a type 4A are thus seated in the positioning recesses 23 1c , whose positioning recesses 24a, b and thus also their end tongues 25a, b are shorter in the upright direction 4' than in the case of type 4B according to FIG 1b , which are provided in the portions between the positioning recesses 23.

In the front view of the 1d the connection between the individual uprights 4.1 etc. and the chords 6a, 6b is also shown, here by nailing with nails 13, from the side 4b facing away from the chords, which is at the top during production, through the end tongues 25a, b to be driven into the opposite belt 6a, 6b at each of the posts as initial fixation. Screw nails are usually driven in for this purpose, which have a thread on their outside and can be unscrewed again.

In order to complete the pillar layer 4 into a finished wall panel 1, possibly after additional clamping, first according to 1e on one side, preferably again the side 4b that is still on top, in one or more layers of planking panels 5, usually made of a non-combustible material such as gypsum boards or gypsum fiber boards #, in particular over the entire surface, applied to the support layer 4 and - here nailed or clamped to the uprights in their middle area and through the belts 6a, 6b through their end tongues 25a, b, preferably by means of clamps 13, which extend approximately to the middle of the thickness D of the upright layer 4.

The cladding 5 fulfills a dual purpose, on the one hand fire retardancy, in that the cladding 5 is made of material that is effective in terms of fire protection, in particular non-flammable, for example primarily made of gypsum or another stone powder material or calcium silicate, but on the other hand the cladding 5 should also improve the load transfer of the stator layer 4 in its main plane.

For this purpose, the paneling 5 has the fiber portion, preferably again made of a non-combustible or poorly combustible material, for example mineral materials, which are arranged in irregular directions and thus the paneling 5 has a high resistance to forces in its main plane, i.e. to shearing forces , give.

A non-combustible or poorly combustible material can also be achieved in that a combustible material is given non-combustible or poorly combustible material properties by coating or impregnating it with a fire-retardant material such as calcium silicate or water glass.

The connection of the individual uprights to one another indirectly via the nailing to the planking panels is also improved.

The upright layer 4 should also be covered on its vertically running narrow sides with such a fire-protection-effective, in particular fire-retardant, cladding 5 in order to prevent the penetration of fire and smoke into the structure.

Then - after turning the upright layer 4, which is planked on one side, so that the flanges 6a, b are now on top - planking usually also occurs on the upper side 4a facing away from the flanges 6a, b, in which case when nailing the Nails or staples 13 do not reach or even penetrate the straps.

• - einen thermischen Dämmkörper 14
• - eine Wetterschutz-Schicht 15

wobei bei der Verwendung als Außenwand 50 die Wandplatte 1 vorzugsweise mit ihrer Seite 4a und damit den Gurten 6a, b zur Außenseite des Gebäudes 100 hin weisend montiert werden. 1g shows the other layers with which a wall panel 1 can be clad on the outside, when forming an exterior wall 50 of a building 100, viz

• - a thermal insulation body 14
• - a weather protection layer 15

wherein when used as an outer wall 50, the wall panel 1 is preferably mounted with its side 4a and thus the straps 6a, b pointing to the outside of the building 100.

The outer cladding is preferably attached to the wall panels from the outside only after the building 100 has been constructed and can be dismantled and replaced at any time.

This is facilitated by the fact that the thermal insulation in the form of a substantially closed box-shaped insulating body 14 that can be handled independently as a whole and inside which the insulating material 14a is located can be fixed to the wall panel 1 from the outside.

The box-shaped insulating body 14, whose insulating body walls are kept at a distance by vertically running ribs 17, can be attached to the wall panel 1 ready filled with insulating material 14a, or blow-in insulating material is used, which means that the empty insulating body 14 can be attached to the wall panel 1 enables the cavity of the insulating body 14 to be subsequently filled via a relatively small blow-in opening.

Then a horizontal and then a vertical batten 26 - or vice versa - and as the outermost layer, the weather protection layer 15 is applied. Thus, as a rule, there is an air gap 16 between the outer surface of the insulating body 14 and the weather protection layer 15 as rear ventilation due to the crossing battens 26 .

The 2 B and 2c show a top view of the main plane and a perspective view of a stud layer 4 of a wall panel 1, in which a door opening T and a window opening F as well as an installation duct 21 - the latter on the inside of the room - are integrated, as in 2c additionally a small window opening.

• Zu diesem Zweck wird statt einer definierten Anzahl von aufeinanderfolgenden, über ihre Länge durchgehenden, also normalen, Ständern an einer definierten Position in Breiten-Richtung 11 der Wandtafel 1 beispielsweise ein vorgefertigtes Fenster-Paket 4PF oder Tür-Paket 4PT zwischen die beiden Gurte 6a, b gesetzt, welches eine Fensteröffnung F bzw. Türöffnung T enthält zum Einsetzen eines Fensters, deren Breite geringer ist als die Breite des Fenster-Pakets 4PF.

2a shows in detail how such a window opening F or door opening T is provided in the stator layer 4:

• For this purpose, instead of a defined number of consecutive uprights that are continuous over their length, i.e. normal, at a defined position in the width direction 11 of the wall panel 1, for example a prefabricated window package 4PF or door package 4PT between the two belts 6a, b set, which contains a window opening F or door opening T for inserting a window, the width of which is less than the width of the window package 4PF.

The window package 4PF thus has a width that is preferably an integer multiple of the target width B of a stand.

Above and below the window opening F, a top chord 4PFa or 4PTa as a lintel and a bottom chord 4PFb as a parapet for a window opening or 4PTb as a threshold for a door opening at least runs transversely to the upright direction 4', i.e. mostly horizontal when the wall panel is installed over the entire width of the window opening F or door opening T.

The lintel preferably extends over the entire width of the package 4PF or 4PF. Below the lintel, on both sides of the opening, there is at least one stand that is shorter than the normally long stand on which the lintel rests for load transfer

Depending on the distance from the lintel, parapet or sill to the adjacent chord 6a, 6b in the upright direction 4′, this upper chord or lower chord can in turn be adjoined by partial uprights with which the upper chord or lower chord are firmly connected, and in particular in their end tongues the strap recesses 24a, 24b are incorporated to accommodate the straps 6a, 6b, which continue to run over the entire width of the wall panel 1 and thus also over the window opening F and the window package 4PF.

Since the upper edge of a window opening F as well as a door opening T is usually only a short distance from the upper flange 6a, there are generally no longer any partial uprights used there, but the upper flange 4PFa extends as a lintel from the opening to the upper end of the upright layer 4. The width of the top flange 4PFa preferably also extends over the entire width of the corresponding window package 4PF or door package 4PT.

The lower chord 4PFb - as a window parapet and as a sill at the door - on the other hand usually only extends across the width of the opening and is connected at its ends to the partial uprights, which run from the lower chord 6b to the lintel are sufficient.

For the exact positioning of the window opening F in the width direction 11, the belts 6a, 6b have a package recess 27 analogous to the positioning recesses 23a, b in the narrow sides facing one another, but with a multiple chen the length of the package - recesses 23a, b - namely the width of the window package 4PF - and with a different depth in the stator direction 4 ', usually with a greater depth b than the depth a of the positioning recesses 23a, b .

The prefabricated window package 4PF is thus - when the production of the post layer is started at one end of the belts 6a, 6b, for example with the post 4.1 - in the appropriate position and is then inserted between the package recesses 27.

In order not to be bound to the grid dimension of the integer width B of a stand with the width of a window package 4PF or a door package 4PT and thus the window opening F or door opening T therein, within such a package - such as in 2 B shown in the smaller window - also a special stand 4* can be used - which in particular limits the opening, for example F, on one side or one side each - which has a width deviating from the nominal width B, about 1.5 times or 2-fold.

Such a special stand 4* can have a recess in the area of the opening, e.g. F, which means that the width of the opening, e.g.

Furthermore, in the 2 B , 2c on the main side 4b of the stator layer 4 facing away from the chords, there is an installation channel 21 through which in this case an electric cable can be routed from the ground up in the stator layer 4, as shown up to an installation opening 21a provided at the upper end of the installation channel 21 in the planking 5, eg for a light switch at the upper end of the installation channel 21, which is then on the stator layer 4 according to the 2b, c is placed and thus covers the installation duct 21, as in 3a apparent.

Alternatively, however, the installation channel 21 can also go through the entire length of the stand or installation package in which it is located.

• Hierfür wird wiederum anstelle der Breite B eines oder mehrerer normaler Ständer der Sorte 4A oder 4B - bei einem Installationskanal 21 für nur ein Elektrokabel in der Regel nur ein Ständer - ersetzt durch ein Installations-Paket 4PInst - welches dementsprechend auch nur die Breite eines einzigen oder bei Bedarf auch eines ganzzahligen Mehrfachen der Soll-Breite B eines Ständers aufweisen kann - und welches extern vorgefertigt wird:
  • In der Dicken-Richtung 12 besteht das Installations-Paket 4PInst aus einer, meist brettförmigen, Installations-Basis 7 aus einem Holzwerkstoff - sei es aus Massivholz oder aus einer schichtverleimten Holzplatte - deren Erstreckung in Breiten-Richtung 11 vorzugsweise ein Vielfaches der benötigten Breite des Installation-Paketes 4PInst aufweist.

Depending on the depth and width, other lines such as a water pipe can be laid in such an installation channel 21, according to the 4a - 4d is achieved:

• For this purpose, instead of the width B, one or more normal stands of type 4A or 4B - with an installation duct 21 for only one electric cable usually only one stand - are replaced by an installation package 4PInst - which accordingly only has the width of a single or if required, can also have an integer multiple of the target width B of a stand - and which is prefabricated externally:
  • In the thickness direction 12, the 4PInst installation package consists of an installation base 7, usually in the form of a board, made of a wood material - be it solid wood or a layer-glued wooden board - the extent of which in the width direction 11 is preferably a multiple of the required width of the installation package 4PInst.

Several layers of a non-combustible material, in particular gypsum boards or gypsum fiber boards, are applied to this installation base 7 and are connected to one another and to the installation base 7 over a large area, generally not by nailing or stapling, but by e.g. gluing until the overall structure has the thickness D of the stator layer and thus of a single stator.

From such a layer structure are then, for example by means of a circular saw 28 according to 4a , Strips with the required width of the installation package, here according to the width B of a single stand 4b , cut off.

The installation channel 21 to be produced in the longitudinal direction 4' of the installation package 4Plnst is 4c achieved by moving along with, for example, a plain milling cutter 29 in the column direction 4', ie the longitudinal direction 10, over the desired length.

That according to 4d The installation package 4PInst completed in this way is installed as a special package in the manufacture of the stator layer 4 instead of the corresponding number of normal uprights between the chords 6a, b.

Alternatively, the groove can also be made in the stator layer 4 after the 4PInst installation package has been installed.

The cross-section of the installation duct 21 is thus surrounded on three sides by non-combustible material, and this is achieved for the fourth side of the cross-section by the subsequently applied planking of the finished support layer 4 with gypsum boards, for example.

• Wie in der Aufsicht der 5a ersichtlich, befinden sich deshalb im Abstand der Länge der Ständer 2 in Förderrichtung 11, der Breiten-Richtung der herzustellenden Wandplatte, angeordnete Gurt-Auflagen 18, hier in Form von Rollen-Bahnen 18 aus einer Vielzahl von horizontal hintereinander angeordneten drehbaren, gegebenenfalls auch gesteuert antreibbaren, Transport-Rollen 30.

The belts with their recesses are designed in such a way that the stator layer 4, preferably including the planking 5, can be produced in a continuous process that is as automated as possible, which results in high cost advantages:

• As in the supervision of 5a As can be seen, there are therefore belt supports 18 arranged at a distance equal to the length of the uprights 2 in the conveying direction 11, the width direction of the wall panel to be produced, here in the form of roller tracks 18 made up of a large number of rotatable, optionally also controlled, arranged horizontally one behind the other drivable, transport rollers 30.

A belt 6a, b is placed on each roller track 18 with positioning recesses 23a, 23b pointing towards one another, the correct distance in the direction of the stand 4' being ensured by belt Guides 32a, b for the straps as a stop in the height direction of the wall panel 1 to be produced.

The production of a stator layer 4 begins when the two belts 6a, 6b are placed on their respective belt support 18a, 18b and up to activated end stops 31 in the movement path of the transverse belts 6a, 6b in the conveying direction 11 at analogous positions Conveying direction 11 pushed forward or moved forward and - usually manually - are brought into contact with their belt guides 32a, 32b according to the outside 5a and 6a .

Then the first wooden beam stand 4.1 is placed from above, in particular directly, at the forehead stops 31, 31 onto the start of the two belts 6a, 6b - preferably automatically - with its belt recesses 24a, b between the belts 6a, 6b downwards, so that only each of its end tongues 25a, 25b rests on the front end of one of the two transverse straps 6a, b and then from above by means of nails 13 through these end tongues 25a, 25b with the underlying strap 6a, b - preferably automatically - nailed up.

Preferably, there is a supply of stands of type 4A, e.g. above the area in front of the end stops 31, from which - preferably automatically - the first stand 4.1 and then the further stands 4.ff are placed and nailed to them.

At the position of a specific, for example the fifth, stand 4.5, the two transverse straps 6a, 6b have - as in 5a visible - each facing one another, extending through the entire thickness of the belt, positioning recess 23a, b so that at this position in the height direction 10 the clear distance between the belts 6a, 6b is greater.

Accordingly, for the insertion at this e.g. fifth position, a type 4B stand is required, of which there is also a supply, e.g. recesses 23a,b. This is inserted as a stand 4.5 between the positioning recesses 23a, b.

In principle, it does not matter at which positions positioning recesses 23a, b are provided for a stand of type 4B, provided the distance in the conveying direction 11 between the positioning recesses 23a, b of a belt preferably corresponds to a multiple of the target width B, if necessary plus a surcharge for manufacturing inaccuracies.

As soon as the first stand 4.1 is placed and mounted, i.e. nailed, the stops 31 are deactivated, i.e. removed from the path of movement of the transverse belts 6a, b and the mounted stand, for example moved down between the transport rollers 30 away.

The entire stator layer 4 that has started can then be moved forward in the transport direction 11 by the desired width B of a stator.

Theoretically, this is possible by driving the transport rollers 30 in a controlled manner. However, since slippage can occur here, the first mounted stand 4.1 and/or the front end of the two transverse belts 6a, b is preferably gripped by one or better two grippers 2 spaced apart from one another in the height direction 10, preferably held clamped, which preferably a common gripper arm 3 are mounted.

By moving the gripper 2, in particular the gripper arm 3, forward in the transport direction 11 by, for example, a target width B of a stand or the width of a special package to be inserted, another stand 4.2ff or a special package can be placed one after the other on the belts 6a , b are placed and connected to them until the stator layer 4 is completed.

In this way, automatic laying devices 33a, b for the stands and automatic nailing devices 34 can essentially remain in their longitudinal position in the conveying direction 11 and do not have to be designed to be movable in the conveying direction 11 .

If the on-hook device - like 7a in the same line of sight as that 6a, b shows - for placing the individual stand is a gripper 33, for example at the front end of a robot arm, this is the stand 4x usually between tween two gripper prongs 33a, b get clamped, which act on the side surfaces of the stand 4x pointing in and counter to the transport direction 11.

The problem then arises that a gripping prong 33b would collide with the stand 4x immediately behind the previously mounted stand—or, in the case of the first stand, the longitudinal stop 31—when the stand 4x is lowered.

The stand 4x to be assembled is therefore placed on a stand support 35, the height of which can be adjusted, for example by means of an adjusting cylinder 36, at such a deposit height that on the one hand the gripping prong 33b has not yet collided with the adjacent previously assembled stand and on the other hand preferably the stand 4x has not yet collided is immersed with its middle part between the two straps 6a, b.

After removing the gripper 33 according to 7c the stand 4x is pressed down from above by means of a pressing device 38 until the end tongues 25a, b rest on the belts 6a, b, for which of course the stand support 35 must also be further lowered.

Before pressing between the straps 6a, b can according to 7b the stand 4x--preferably still at the storage height--can be pushed by means of a slide 37 with little resistance in the transport direction 11 against a stand stop 39 or the last previously mounted stand. However, while the stand is being pressed down until its end tongues rest on the straps 6a, b, the slide 37 does not press against the stand, but is preferably moved slightly backwards away from it.

The stand stop 39 for the stand 4x held by the gripper 33 serves as a stop for the gripping prong 33b in the vertical direction and as a stop for the stand 4x held in the transport direction 11 .

This stand stop 39 is preferably arranged above the activated forehead stop 31 and/or the stand mounted last.

This stand stop 39 is preferably arranged slightly in front of the front stop 31 in the transport direction 11 with its contact surface pointing counter to the transport direction 11 .

Reference List

1

blackboard

2

gripper

3

gripper arm

4

stator layer

4'

stand direction

4a, b

Page

4.1, 4.2

wooden beam stand

4A, B

Variety of wooden beam stands

4p

stand package

4PT

door pack

4PF

window package

4PFa

upper belt

4PFb

bottom chord

4PInst

installation package

5

Planking panel, planking

5*

installation planking

6a, b

belt

7

Installation Base

8th

layer

9

grain flow

10

Elevation panel

11

Transverse direction, width direction, conveying direction

12

thickness direction

13

screw, nail, clamp

14

insulating body

14a

insulating body wall

15

weather protection layer

16

air gap

17

rib

18a, b

Belt Pad

19

horizontal direction

20

vertical direction

21

installation channel

21a

Installation Breakthrough

22

Installation Exception

23

positioning recess

24a, b

Cross Strap Cutout

25a, b

end tongue

26

battens

27

Package Exception

28

saw blade

29

cutter

30

transport roller

31

forehead stop

32a, b

Belt guide, side stop

33

Laying device, gripper

33a, b

grapple prong

34

nail device

35

height-adjustable stand support

36

adjusting cylinder

37

slider

38

press-in device

39

Storage stop

50

outer wall

60

floor

100

Building

a

depth 23

b

depth 27

B

Target width stand

i.e

thick strap

D

Thick stand and stand layer

f

window opening

T

doorway

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102011110918 B4 [0003]

Claims (26)

Wall panel (1) with - comprising a support layer (4) - wooden beam supports (4.1, 4.2) arranged closely next to each other, in particular touching one another, - which are each connected at the top and bottom by a transverse to their support direction (4th ') running belt (6a, b) are connected to each other - as well as one or more planar panels (5) extending in particular over the entire wall panel (1) on at least one side of the upright layer (4), characterized in that - the belts (6a, b) in the thickness direction (12) of the stator layer (4) have a smaller thickness (d) than the stator layer (4) and both in the thickness direction (12) only on one, namely the same side (4a) of the upright layer (4) and - with their cross-section in end belt recesses (24) of the wooden beam uprights (4.1 - 4.z) adjacent to the remaining end tongues (25a, b) lay. blackboard after claim 1 , characterized in that - the thickness (d) of the belts (6a, b) is at most 40%, better at most 35%, at most 30% of the thickness (D) of the stator layer (4) and/or. - the thickness (d) of the straps (6a, b) is a maximum of 39 mm, in particular a maximum of 33 mm, in particular a maximum of 27 mm and/or. - The thickness (d) of the end tongues (25a, b) is at least 61 mm, in particular at least 67 mm, in particular at least 73 mm. Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - along the chords (6a, b) at defined intervals and at positions corresponding to one another and opposite one another positioning recesses (23) with the width (b) of a wooden beam stand (4.1) are present, between which stands are located, the belt recess (24a, b) and end strap (25a, b) is then shorter than stands apart from the positioning recesses (23). Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the straps (6a, b) in the longitudinal direction (10) do not protrude beyond the ends of the wooden beam stands (4.1 - 4z), in particular end flush with them, if necessary stand back from them. (Material:) Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the wooden beam stands (4.1 - 4z) consist of grown wood with the grain direction (9) primarily in the longitudinal direction (10) of the wooden beam stands (4.1 - 4z), - the transverse chords ( 6a, b) consist of layer-glued wood, in particular plywood, in particular veneered plywood, with in particular at least five layers (8) and preferably crossing fiber orientation with regard to the individual layers (8). Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the planking panel (5) consists of fire-protection-effective, in particular fire-retardant material, - in particular a gypsum cardboard panel, - preferably a gypsum fiber panel stabilized with fibers, in particular non-combustible. (Connection:) Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - each wooden beam stand (4.1 - 4z) is connected to each of the straps (6a, b) by means of two screws (13) or nails (13) or clamps (13), in particular - The screws (13) or nails (13), in particular screw nails, or clamps are introduced from the side (4b) facing away from the belt (6a, b) through the post layer (4) into the belt (6a, b). and/or - the screws (13) or nails (13) or clamps are inserted through the planking panel (5) and, if necessary, the belt (6a, b) into the wooden beam stand (4.1 - 4z). Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - if there are several planking or cladding panels (5), these are mounted in the transverse direction (11) to the longitudinal direction (10) of the wooden beam stand (4.1 - 4z) on one of the wooden beam stands (4.1 - 4z) adjoin each other.(Special packages:) Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that instead of a stand package (4P) consisting of one or more adjacent wooden beam stands (4.1 - 4p), a special package can be present, in particular - a door package (4PT), which contains a door opening (T), optionally bordered by soffit timbers, or - a window package (4PF) which contains a window opening (F), optionally bordered by soffit timbers, or - an installation package (4PInst) , Which contains an installation channel (21), the special package in particular a width (B) of the simple or an integral multiple of the width (b) of a wooden beam stand (4.1). Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - within such a special package, in particular a door package (4PT) or window package (4PF), a special stand (4*) can be used, which is one of has a width that deviates from the target width (B), approximately 1.5 times or 2 times, - which in particular delimits the opening, eg (F), on one side. (installation package:) Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the installation package (4PInst) has, in cross section to its longitudinal direction (10), - an installation base (7), - an installation channel running in particular in the longitudinal direction (10). (21) which is encased by non-combustible material on all sides except the outside flush with the outside of the installation package (4PInst). blackboard after claim 11 , characterized in that - the installation base (7) consists of a wooden material, but not of grown wood, - in particular of layer-glued wood, in particular plywood, in particular veneered plywood, with in particular at least two layers (8) and preferably crossing ones Fiber flow with respect to the individual layers (8). Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - either the installation base (7) on the one hand and the housing made of non-combustible material on the other hand extend over the entire width of the installation package (4PInst), - or the housing made of non-combustible material Material is arranged at least partially in an installation recess (22) running in the direction of the installation channel (21) in the installation base (7). Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the housing of the installation duct (21) consists of one or more layers of gypsum plasterboard and/or gypsum fiber boards, - if there are several layers, these are in particular parallel to the main plane (4") the stator layer (4) are, - the installation channel (21) is incorporated into the layer structure, is milled about. Building (100) consisting of - storey-high wall panels (1), in particular wall panels (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - in the case of a wall panel (1) as the outer wall (50), the wall panel (1) with the straps (6a , b) is arranged running horizontally on the outside of the building (100), - with a wall panel (1) as the outer wall (50), the ceiling (60) only in the thickness range of the upper ends (define) of the wooden beam stands (4.1 - 4z ) rests on the wall panel (1) of the outer wall (50). building after claim 15 , characterized in that the free space remaining between superimposed wall panels (1) and a ceiling between them is tightly filled with a hardenable, pressure-resistant filling material, in particular mortar or concrete. building after Claim 16 or 15 , wherein an outer wall (50) from the outside to the inside comprises at least - a weather protection layer (15), - an insulating body (14) with thermal insulating material (14a), - the wall panel (1) as a supporting layer, characterized in that - the insulating body ( 14) is designed as a prefabricated component that is essentially closed on all sides and can be separately handled and fastened to the corresponding wall panel, preferably only from the outside, with insulating material (14a) inside and can therefore be exchanged at any time, - the introduction of the insulating material (14a) in The insulating body (14) can also be carried out after the insulating body (14) has been mounted on the wall panel (1), particularly in the case of blow-in insulating material. Method for producing at least the upright layers (4) of wall panels (1), in particular according to one of Claims 1 - 15 , in a continuous process, characterized in that the stator layer (4) is produced by a) arranging two belts (6a, b) at the correct longitudinal distance between the columns and with free space between them and with their end faces in a defined position, in particular on one end - stop (31), b) interposition of a first stand (4.1) by placing the end tongues (25a, b) of the stand (4.1) on the two straps (6a, b) so that the straps in the strap recesses (24a, b) lying, c) fixing, in particular screwing, clipping or nailing, this stand through its end tongues (25a, b opposite the two transverse straps (6a, b), d) inserting the next stand (4.2) or special package (4P ) between the straps (6a, b) behind the last stand (4.1), in particular already fixed to the straps (6a, b), e) fixing, in particular screwing or nailing or clipping, this stand through its end tongues opposite the two straps (6a, b), f) repeating steps d) and e) over the entire length of the transverse straps (6a, b) whose longitudinal spacing is filled with wooden beam stands (4.1 - 4.z). procedure after Claim 18 , characterized in that - between steps b) and c), the next stand (4.2) is pushed up to the preceding stand (4.1). (Drive forward in sections:) Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that after fixing each or a defined number of uprights (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) between the belts (6a, b), the resulting upright layer (4) and / or the at least one front stop (31) - is moved forward either by the width of a wooden beam stand or a special package, - in particular after deactivating the front stop (31). Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that , in order to move the resulting upright layer forward, the first wooden beam upright (4.1) with the belts (6a, b) attached thereto is gripped by a gripper and defined step by step in the transport direction (10). is moved forward. (positioning recess:) Method according to one of the preceding method claims, wherein - the two belts (6a, b) have positioning recesses (23) with a length corresponding to the width (b) of a stand (4.1 ), characterized in that - in the areas away from the positioning recesses (23), posts of a type A, which have short end tongues (25a, b), are inserted, - between two positioning recesses (23) posts of a type B , which have short end tongues (25a, b), are inserted. (Loading packages:) Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that - in steps d) and e) instead of a single stand (4.2), a stand package (4P) with a width that is an integral multiple of the width (b) of a single stand is inserted. (Create installation package:) Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that an installation package (4PInst) is produced by - on an installation base (7) which in particular has the width corresponding to the width of the installation package (4PInst). combustible material, are applied and glued, - in particular in the form of one or more layers (8), - in particular gypsum cardboard panels or gypsum fiber panels, - an installation duct (21) is introduced, in particular milled, into the non-combustible layered structure in such a way that that the installation channel (21) is completely surrounded by non-combustible material on all sides except for the outside of the installation base (7). Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that - the non-combustible material is introduced into an installation recess (22) of the installation base (7) - in particular until this installation recess (22) is completely filled with the non-combustible material material is filled. (Planking or clothing:) Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that after the stand layer (4) has been completed, it is planked by g) placing at least one layer of planking panels (5) on the upper side of the completed stand layer (4 ), h) Fixing, in particular screwing or nailing or clipping, these planking panels (5) to the post layer (4), i) turning the post layer (4) so that the planking panels (5) attached to it pointing downwards and the straps (6a,b) pointing upwards, k) repeating steps g) and h) on the side of the stand layer (4) which is now on top.

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