DE102012219085A1 - Switching device of a motor vehicle change gearbox - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a switching device of a motor vehicle change gear with a switching shaft, a housing part to which the switching shaft is rotatably mounted, a locking unit for securing switching positions, which has a Rastierkontur on a first locking member and a second locking member with a locking element, wherein the components relative to each other are movable and locked against each other and with a switching sleeve, which is arranged on the shift shaft.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a switching device of a motor vehicle change gear with a switching shaft, a housing part to which the switching shaft is rotatably mounted, a Rastiereinheit for securing switching positions, which has a Rastierkontur on a first locking member and a second locking member with a locking element, wherein the components relative to each other are movable and locked against each other and with a switching sleeve, which is arranged on the shift shaft.

Background of the invention

Such switching devices are known as Schaltdome of motor vehicle gear change gears. The switching shaft forms an intermediate member in the transmission of switching and Wählbewegungen the driver to be switched to the gear wheels. Usually, the selection and switching movements are transmitted via a displacement of the switching shaft in the axial direction and a pivoting of the switching shaft about its longitudinal axis.

The switching shafts often have a slotted guide, which allows only certain switching and selection movements in function of a forced operation. Switching domes with switching shafts are usually designed so that a faulty circuit or overshift, ie an excessive axial displacement or pivoting in the direction of rotation, is mechanically prevented. In particular, switching devices with switching shafts partly in addition to the slotted guide mechanical stops, so that the switching shaft after reaching the switching position in the switching direction can not be further pivoted or moved.

For a snap in the selected shift position, the shift shafts usually have a Rastierbereich on which a locking element during the Schaltbzw. Wählbewegungen moves along and has the wells into which engages the locking element in the end positions of the gears switched to stabilize the engaged gear.

As latching element is often a ball catch, as they DE 38 08 375 C1 is removable. The ball catch is provided with a split housing and comprises an inner part, which is designed as a deep-drawn part and surrounded by a hollow screw. It also has a guide part which is solid and integrally comprises a spherical shell. Between the guide member and the housing rolling elements are arranged, which are guided in a housing. To secure the guide member in the housing this is provided with a radially inwardly flanged edge.

The Rastierkontur can be introduced on the shift shaft or connected to the shift shaft switching element such as a shift sleeve. DE 199 42 562 A1 describes a transmission with a central control shaft, on which a pot is placed as a switching sleeve. In the wall of the pot, a Rastierkontur is formed on the one hand, which cooperates with a fixed housing fixed ball catch to the other a gate is introduced, which serves to limit the switching path of the central control shaft. Such switching sleeves are preferably produced without cutting by deep drawing. However, sheet metal drawing parts require elaborate, complicated tools, and often a multi-stage deep drawing process is required.

A disadvantage of this design is that these switching devices are relatively expensive to manufacture. Furthermore, the ball catch as well as the ball catch securing, gear housing fixed element require a relatively large radial space, and introduction of a Rastierkontur is usually not possible in a manufactured sheet metal switching sleeve, so that a solid component must be connected to the shift sleeve or a Rastierkontur is welded as an additional component on the shift sleeve.

Object of the invention

The invention has for its object to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above. This object is achieved by a switching device with the features of claim 1.

The shift sleeve is on the shift shaft only rotatably or rotationally fixed and axially fixed. The shift sleeve may have other switching elements such as shift fingers, lane guides or stops that interact with sibling circuit components. It is connected via one of the latching components to the switching shaft and has a hollow component at a radial distance from the switching shaft. Such a switching device is very compact. The annular disk thus fulfills a dual function of the connection to the selector shaft and the detent with a detent counterpart component. The required number of required components is reduced at the same time with minimum mass.

The latching component and the shift sleeve may initially be made separately and then connected to each other, for example by welding. Both components can be made of sheet metal, wherein the plate thickness of the locking member is tuned to the length of the shift sleeve and its arrangement so that the switching forces are transmitted securely.

In one embodiment of this embodiment, the latching member is formed as an annular disc which is positively connected to the shift sleeve. For this purpose, it may have dog or nose projections, which engage in adapted to the driver recesses in the shift sleeve. Additionally or alternatively, other fuses may be provided, for example, the drivers may additionally or alternatively be welded to the shift sleeve.

The locking element is biased parallel to the axis of rotation against the Rastierkontur in one embodiment. This can be achieved in that the latching element and the Rastierkontur are not radially, but axially offset from each other. As a result, the spring travel, which is required for the bias, is not perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shift shaft, but is directed in parallel. The required installation space can be further minimized if the biasing spring radially comprises the switching shaft. By then comparatively large coil diameter, the spring can simultaneously build axially short.

In one embodiment of the invention, the Rastierkontur and the locking element are axially biased to each other so that the axial distance of the locking element to a reference point of the Rastierkontur in a switching operation only changes when the locking element leaves a height difference on the Rastierkontur. The axial stroke thus generated is thus effected solely by the height profile of the Rastierkontur. The axial stroke of the locking element to the locking contour produced by the height profile of the Rastierkontur is generally proportional to the height difference covered.

In a further development, the locking unit does not serve to generate dialing forces, but solely to generate switching forces. In a selection movement, which causes an axial displacement of the shift shaft or on the shift shaft only rotatably mounted component such as a shift sleeve relative to the transmission housing, there is thus no relative movement of the Rastierkontur to the locking element. Only when switching the two locking members rotate relative to each other. For this purpose, the Rastierkontur and the locking element, for example, to each other so spring-loaded that an axial displacement of the shift shaft or the shift sleeve causes no change in the bias.

In one embodiment, one of the latching components is acted upon directly by a helical compression spring. The spring is supported on the latching component and on the transmission housing directly or indirectly. Formed as a ring member, the locking member may have a groove or passage for guiding the spring. Alternatively, the switching shaft has a circular cross-section, and the spring is adapted in its winding diameter of the switching shaft contour.

In a next development of the invention, at least one of the latching unit forming latching components is arranged coaxially with the switching shaft. As a result, the switching device is particularly compact. The locking components may have central recesses as passages for the switching shaft.

In an advantageous embodiment, one of the latching components is designed as a disk. The disc is very lightweight and has a low axial thickness in relation to its radial extent. The axial thickness can be constant, as is the case, for example, with metal sheets, which are provided with a height profile and form a Rastierkontur.

Particularly preferably, both latching components are designed as arranged on the shift shaft annular discs. The annular discs can be arranged to save space in the hollow body of a shift sleeve. A costly to manufacture ball catch, which is also directed radially on the shift shaft or on a arranged on the shift shaft shift sleeve is thus unnecessary. The radially required space of the switching device is therefore essentially predetermined by the outer diameter of the switching shaft or the non-rotatably mounted on her components.

The latching components are preferably designed as sheet-metal discs and manufactured by cold forming. In a particularly simple manner, the latching components can be manufactured by simple punching and profiling, with any necessary post-machining such as deburring can be done naturally and does not question the fundamentally non-cutting production in question.

In order to increase the shifting forces and to reduce or even out the loads on the locking component carrying the locking contour, a plurality of locking contours may be arranged on the locking component, the locking contours cooperating in each case with different locking elements. Thereby, the required for a given switching force stroke can be reduced, and the locking member can build even shorter axially. The same effect is achieved when several locking elements are biased against the same locking contour. For example, if the locking member formed with the Rastierkontur as an annular disc, the height profile may be formed wavy circumferentially.

If the switching shaft has a non-circular cross-section, the locking member may be a for Having outer contour of the switching shaft complementary central recess over which it is positively secured to the shift shaft. The latching component can thus assume an adapter function for a switching sleeve arranged on the switching sleeve.

The locking element, which is not rotatably connected to the shift shaft or arranged on the shift shaft shift sleeve must be secured against rotation so that it can generate a stroke in conjunction with the counter-locking element in the switching movement. For this purpose, it can be arranged firmly on the transmission housing. If an axial displaceability of the latching element relative to the housing for a selection movement is required, it may have an anti-rotation device which interacts directly or via an intermediate element with the housing. The intermediate element may be formed, for example, as a parallel to the switching shaft directed guide pin which engages in whole or in part by a guide element of the locking element, but is axially displaceable on this. A positive securing of the guide element on the guide pin is sufficient and particularly easy to manufacture. In a further development, the latching element may be formed as a detent having a spring-biased to a locking housing locking head. The lock can be arranged in an axial bore of a solidly formed latching component. Alternatively, the latching element is formed from the material of the latching component. For this purpose, one or more settings can be provided which can lock in the latching contour of the other latching component.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. Show it:

1 a longitudinal section through a first switching device according to the invention,

2 a perspective view of the switching device according to the invention according to 1 .

3 the locking member with the locking elements 1 in an enlarged, perspective view,

4 the locking member with the Rastierkonturen 1 in an enlarged, perspective view and

5 a longitudinal section through a second switching device according to the invention with omission of some juxtaposed components.

Detailed description of the drawings

The 1 and 2 show a first switching device 1 in the form of a switching dome. The switching dome comprises a flange-like housing part 2 , which can be screwed to a transmission housing not further shown, and a shift shaft 3 in the housing part 2 is rotatably mounted.

The shift shaft 3 is in the housing part 2 about a camp 4 roller-mounted and to the housing part 2 rotatable. The rotation is caused by a kinematic with the switching shaft 3 connected, on the housing part 2 arranged, not shown switching lever initiated. Axial is the stem 3 firmly arranged and not displaceable. On a low-friction displacement in (axial) selection direction can therefore be omitted, so that the bearing 4 designed to absorb high forces as a needle bearing.

On the shift shaft 3 is a shift sleeve 5 rotationally fixed, but arranged axially displaceable relative. The shift sleeve 5 is a cold formed by sheet metal component, which is essentially a trough-shaped hollow body 51 having, which the shift shaft 3 at least partially radially surrounds. The coat 55 the hollow body has further switching elements such as shift fingers 10 and a laneway 11 on. The shift fingers 10 may result as a result of a selection movement induced axial displacement of the shift sleeve 5 be positioned to engaged shift forks, and brought into engagement. You operate this when the stem 3 is twisted because the shift shaft 3 and the shift fingers 10 in a rotationally stable connection.

In the alleyway 11 is one in a hole 12 of the housing part 2 fixed lane pin 13 guided. This ensures that only desired selection and switching movements can be made to protect the transmission from damage. The shift sleeve 5 is in a gap 15 of the housing part 2 arranged so that the lane pin 13 on both sides of the gap 15 is fixed.

At the housing part 2 opposite end face is the diameter of the hollow body 51 so far reduced and to the outer contour of the switching shaft 3 adapted that the switching sleeve 5 at the selector shaft 3 if necessary via a ring heel 52 can support. In the unloaded normal case, however, a support is not required. A second connection of the shift sleeve 5 via an annular disc 81 ,

The ring disk 81 ( 3 ) has a central recess 82 on, the shape of which is complementary to the outer contour of the switching shaft 3 is. It also has a nose projection 83 on that in a free-punching 53 the shift sleeve 5 positively engages. In addition, the nose tab 83 secured there by welding. A third support of the shift sleeve 5 can under load in the area of the gap 15 of the housing part 2 respectively.

The shift sleeve 5 has several windows 54 for mass reduction. Instead of a separate free-punch 53 can the ring disk 81 also in one of the windows 54 be secured (not shown), in which case they are preferably in the window in the direction of rotation on the jacket 55 the shift sleeve 5 is applied.

The coat 55 the shift sleeve 5 is circumferentially open. He is essentially U-shaped with two ends parallel collimated legs 56 educated. The ends are the thighs 56 with notches 57 provided, in the retaining lugs 87 for axial positioning of the annular disc 81 intervention. Two retaining lugs 87 of the locking component 8th are designed to be with their inside flank 88 and between the retaining lugs 87 and the nose tab 83 parallel side walls 89 of the locking element 8th a groove 90 with a width of the sheet thickness of the shift sleeve 5 form. The nose tab 83 opposite faces the annular disc 81 between the retaining lugs 87 a bow area 91 on, a pivoting on the guide pin 9 allows.

To move the shift finger 10 on the shift sleeve 5 are on the housing part 2 arranged two levers not shown. With the one lever, the selector lever, is with the shift sleeve 5 translational on the selector shaft 3 movable relative to it. With the other lever, the shift lever, a common rotation of the shift shaft 3 with the shift sleeve 5 causes. The levers are usually located outside of the gear housing and are operated, for example, via cables connected to the operator shift lever.

To secure the neutral position and the switched gear positions is the shift sleeve 5 locked in these positions. These are the locking elements 84 . 85 . 86 against two Rastierkonturen 74 . 75 biased. The Rastierkonturen 74 . 75 are on another annular disc 71 arranged as a latching component 7 together with the locking component 8th the locking unit 6 forms. Against the Rastierkontur 74 is just a catch element 84 biased; however, are against the longer and more Rastiervertiefungen having Rastierkontur 75 two locking elements 85 . 86 biased. The three locking elements 84 . 85 . 86 are spaced apart at an angle of 120 °, so that the loading of the annular discs 71 . 81 as evenly as possible.

The ring disk 71 has a central recess 72 as a passage for the switching shaft 3 on. In contrast to non-rotatable with the shift shaft 3 connected latching component 8th is the catch component 7 rotationally fixed to the housing part 2 secured. For this purpose, it has a guide element 73 on, the one on the housing part 2 attached guide pin 9 embraces. On the guide pin 9 is the catch component 7 with the guide element 73 axially movable and secured only against a twisting movement.

To secure the bias of the two locking components 7 . 8th These are by a spring 14 applied. The trained as a helical compression spring spring 14 has a coil diameter that matches the diameter of the shift shaft 3 is adjusted. Tilting of the spring is effectively avoided. With its one spring end, the spring is supported 14 directly on the ring disk 7 while their other end is at one in a selector shaft annulus 31 arranged circlip 32 supported. The feather 14 is arranged and chosen so that in all possible permissible dial positions the spring 14 and thus the locking components 7 . 8th are biased.

In a dialing are thus the locking sleeve 5 with the locking component 8th opposite the housing part 2 and the shift shaft 3 axially displaceable; the spring-loaded latching component 7 but also experiences the axial displacement. The locking components 7 . 8th Do not change their relative position to each other and thus also generate no switching force. In a switching movement (twisting), however, this is a latching component 8th over the shift sleeve 5 to the selector shaft 3 coupled while the other latching component 7 over the guide pin 9 on the housing component 2 is secured. The locking elements 84 . 85 . 86 are therefore against the profiled Rastierkontur 74 . 75 moved and thus cause a forced stroke of the locking components 7 . 8th from each other. The forced stroke acts against the force of the spring 14 , is noticeable as a switching force and ensures that it requires in predetermined positions, the neutral position and the switching positions, an externally applied (switching) force, so that the gear is secured against accidental release due to shocks.

The locking components 7 . 8th Both are designed as Kaltumformtechnisch produced sheet metal discs. The locking contours are introduced by profiling, and the locking elements 84 . 85 . 86 are as Durchstellungen and thus from the material of the annular disc 81 self trained. Such washers 71 . 81 On the one hand they build very narrow, on the other hand they let themselves inside through the mantle 55 the shift sleeve 5 formed hollow body 51 Arrange. Thus, no additional space in the axial direction is required, and in the radial direction of the required space alone by the unchanged switching sleeve diameter and on the shift sleeve 5 arranged shift finger 10 certainly.

5 shows a schematic representation of a modification of the switching device according to the invention 1 after the 1 - 4 , Unlike the embodiment of the 1 to 4 is the locking element 84 here as a ball catch with a locking ball as a head 92 educated. The feather 14 The ball catch springs in the axial direction of the stem 3 but do not surround them. The locking element 84 is a preassembled component in a solid latching component 8th arranged, which also has a through hole for the guide pin 9 having. In this embodiment, the locking member 7 that the Rastierkontur 74 carries, rotatably with the shift sleeve 5 connected.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 switching device

2

 housing part

3

 shift shaft

4

 camp

5

 switching sleeve

6

 Rastiereinheit

7

 (first) locking component

8th

 (second) locking component

9

 guide pin

10

 shift finger

11

 alleys lead

12

 drilling

13

 streets pen

14

 feather

15

 gap

31

 Schaltwellenringnut

32

 circlip

51

 hollow body

52

 annular shoulder

53

 Free punch

54

 window

55

 coat

56

 leg

57

 notch

71

 washer

72

 central opening

73

 guide element

74

 Rastierkontur

75

 Rastierkontur

81

 washer

82

 central opening

83

 nose ahead

84

 locking element

85

 locking element

86

 locking element

87

 retaining lugs

88

 inside edge

89

 Side wall

90

 groove

91

 arch area

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 3808375 C1 [0005]
• DE 19942562 A1 [0006]

Claims (8)

Switching device ( 1 ) of a motor vehicle transmission, comprising - a switching shaft ( 3 ), - a housing part ( 2 ), to which the shift shaft ( 3 ) is rotatably mounted, - a locking unit ( 6 ) for securing switch positions, which have a Rastierkontur ( 74 . 75 ) on a first catch component ( 7 ) and a second latching component ( 8th ) with a latching element ( 84 . 85 . 86 ), wherein the latching components ( 7 . 8th ) are movable relative to each other and locked against each other, and - a switching sleeve ( 5 ), which on the shift shaft ( 3 ) via an annular disc ( 71 . 81 ), characterized in that the annular disc ( 71 . 81 ) as one of the latching components ( 7 . 8th ) for latching with the other latching component ( 8th . 7 ) is designed as a latching counterpart component. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching sleeve ( 5 ) to the shift shaft ( 3 ) connecting latching component ( 7 . 8th ) a central recess ( 72 . 82 ) for the shift shaft ( 3 ) having. Switching device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the switching sleeve ( 5 ) to the shift shaft ( 3 ) connecting latching component ( 7 . 8th ) a nose projection ( 83 ) as securing means for positive engagement in the shift sleeve ( 5 ) having. Switching device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the latching counterpart component ( 8th . 7 ) is formed as a solid component, which on the shift shaft ( 3 ) is arranged and a lock ( 93 ) having. Switching device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the latching counterpart component ( 8th . 7 ) via a retaining ring ( 32 ) is axially secured. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing part ( 2 ) a guide pin ( 9 ), which is provided with a guide element ( 73 ) of the annular disc ( 71 ) forms an anti-rotation. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching sleeve ( 5 ) in the axial direction of the switching shaft ( 3 ) is displaceable relative to it. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that a spring ( 14 ) directly on the annular disc ( 71 ) is supported.

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