DE102007010193A1 - Electrical status display for maritime switching equipment e.g. for containers storage on board ship, has electrical state of each phase of system queried at measurement- and test-points ready for optical display - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrical status display having a multi-phase electrical layout of the containers socket-outlets, consisting of measurement- and test-points, input voltage power switch and output voltage, the electrical state of each of the phases is queried at the measurement- and test-points, and processed and can be optically or acoustically displayed.

Description

The The invention relates to an electrical status indicator in maritime Switching apparatus, in particular the field of energy supply from ship containers via switchable container sockets.

at the electrical power supply and electronic monitoring of in particular refrigerated containers aboard ships or ashore in the loading area, it is common to single plug connections position for both functions at a suitable position. In a next stage of development, the single sockets in enclosures suitable for protection and class in multiple sockets summarized and in the area of the container installation area maintained.

On The reason for international standards and regulations is subject to electrical connector for power supply special regulations, the u. a. say that the connector only load may be separated, d. H. that while plugging or disconnecting the plug the power does not flow is affected by the plug contacts the same, but the switching action in a switch-adapted switch takes place, via the plug-in device electrically and mechanically is locked. Preferably, as an electrical switch Circuit breaker used, which is also an overload and / or may have short-circuit protection.

further Developments in container sockets provide that a mechanical actuator causes the switching action. A mechanical, usually rotatably mounted actuator has at the ends depending on a lever, on the one hand in the inner housing on the operation of the circuit breaker acts and - after led outside - on the lock of the plug in the socket, so that the plug is not can be pulled under load.

A Another embodiment integrates the outside acting Lever in the plug-in device such that the plugged Plug in a contacting position - switching action - turned must be and this rotation over linkage activates the circuit breaker; an optical Switch position detection is no longer available.

A Further modification undergoes the device in that - at Multiple arrangement of sockets - this modular design is, being a module of socket, circuit breaker and mechanical Switch is formed.

To The prior art discloses a variety of applications become, which are dedicated to the topic 'switchable container socket'. The following is the state of the art relative to the container socket appreciated.

In the utility model DE 94 17 178 a device for supplying energy to containers is presented such that all components necessary for the switchable multiple socket arrangement are mounted on a base plate of a housing. Furthermore, a latch shaft with shear plate ensures the switch-on release after insertion of the plug.

The Switching device with connector lock is performed mechanically.

The German patent DE 196 01 967 discloses a packaged device for the electrical connection of components - in particular a container socket - which has guide rails for the connection element and that a mechanically releasable connection is arranged to secure a counter-coupling connected to the coupling element in the region of the connection element.

The unintentional withdrawal of the counter-coupling is made by a detachable prevents mechanical locking; the mechanical position is optical imperceptible.

The German patent DE 197 06 358 discloses an actuating device for a circuit breaker for an externally accessible multipolar socket arrangement, in particular for the power supply of thermal containers. An externally accessible switching knob, arranged on a pivot shaft, acts in the interior of the housing on the Kippschaltteil of the circuit breaker and causes in the on state outside of the housing that a plugged plug can not be pulled out.

The Switching action is performed mechanically and acts on the Kippschaltteil inside the housing; externally the position of the switch knob is visually perceptible.

utility Models DE 202 10 357 discloses a device with housing, at least one circuit breaker and at least one connector receptacle - especially on ships to supply containers with electrical energy - the circuit breaker preferably in the housing and the plug receptacles are preferably arranged on the outside of the housing and the housing as a deep-drawn part equipped with at least one cover is and arranged the circuit breaker on an insertion part and the latter through an opening in the Ge housing is designed to be inserted and pulled out.

Of the Circuit breaker can only be switched on when the plug receptacle is occupied, and the plug only removable when the circuit breaker is switched off. A corresponding mechanical lock shows this visually.

The main claim of the utility model DE 202 18 445 is identical to the above from utility model DE 202 10 357 , Furthermore, lid and plug receptacles are located on different sides or surfaces of the housing. In addition, reference is made in particular to the lid projection and the sealing measures.

Also Here mechanical locks are provided, their state optically is perceptible.

utility Models DE 203 17 764 is dedicated to the mechanical actuator of the circuit breaker a container socket and in particular at least one locking means for the actuator, which has a rotatable switching shaft which acts via a coupling piece on the circuit breaker.

The Shift shaft has a transverse locking lever, wherein the position of the shift shaft on the blocking lever the plug acts in the plug receptacle. The locking device acts mechanically optical.

The German utility model DE 298 07 529 represents an actuating device for a circuit breaker for an externally accessible multipolar socket preferably for the power supply of containers, wherein an externally operable switching axis acts on the internal circuit breaker such that a rotary member acts via a coupling on the switching member, and also one of the male plug movable pin that releases the rotational movement only when the plug is plugged in and that prevents plug removal in the on state.

• – der Stecker nur dann aus der Steckdose entfernt werden, wenn zuvor der Leistungsschalter ausgeschaltet worden ist
• – der Leistungsschalter nicht eingeschaltet werden kann, wenn sich kein Stecker in der Steckdose befindet.

An externally accessible switching axis acts in the interior of the housing on the switching part of the circuit breaker and ensures that

• - The plug can only be removed from the socket if the circuit breaker has been switched off beforehand
• - The circuit breaker can not be switched on when there is no plug in the socket.

The Switching action is mechanical, the switching position can optically be perceived.

The German utility model DE 20 2004 010 818 discloses a device for actuating a circuit breaker arranged in a housing in such a way that the plug receptacle has a rotatable member which acts on the switching device of the circuit breaker upon rotation via a coupling piece. In this proposed arrangement eliminates the previously applied additional, mostly pronounced as a rocker switch and clutch mechanism completely. The plug can only be inserted or removed in a certain rotational position. The advantage of the lower mechanical complexity is a disadvantage in this arrangement that only from the rotational position of the inserted plug on the switching state of the circuit breaker can be closed.

all presented container-socket solutions to the Disadvantage that the electrical condition indicator is insufficient is pronounced - both on the primary as well as on the secondary side of the container socket. All featured publications are only partially suitable or not at all for the specific use as a container socket with electrical status indicator.

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, a device according to the preamble of claim 1 - a container socket with electrical status display - independent, to create as universal a use as possible, to improve the above disadvantages, the variety of possible Reduce designs and therefore the manufacture and to simplify the storage.

These The object is achieved by the characterizing Characteristics of claim 1 solved. The electrical input side States of the container socket and - on the output side - after the Circuit breaker are shown as well as the switching position of the Circuit breaker.

Of the presented invention compared to the above presented Applications to the advantage that the operator before the Initiation of a switching action given the opportunity becomes, before and during his own actions after initiation of the switching action. The electrical status indicator is designed to be of the competent Ship personnel can be learned and operated.

Another advantage of the inventive novelty is given by the fact that the operator retains a clear overview of the overall system after commissioning the container socket, which is of particular importance insofar as the electrically powered containers to be monitored are transports of sensitive items to be transported , The electrically optical state diagram ment has the advantage over the mechanical that it is perceptible even in poor visibility or darkness.

The Application of the invention has general character and is suitable for all power and / or protection switched electrical systems.

The Manufacturability of the container socket with electrical status indicator with industry-standard technologies, resources and Facilities, facilities and tools are given. The manufacturing costs the container socket according to the invention is likely significantly below the manufacturing costs comparable mechanical switched Container sockets are lying.

Independently from the characteristic requirements of components electrical Marine equipment such as temperature stability - too for interchangeable inserts - use self-extinguishing Materials - beyond flammability - vibration resistant Materials and connection technology - are the three-phase networks coming from the generator 3-phase plus protective conductor laid; the neutral ladder is not wired. The nets are completely monitored; metrological Devices must not exceed a residual current of <30 mA.

preferred Embodiments of the subject invention are in explained in more detail below.

A Embodiment of the invention provides that the electrical Status display both externally supplied - supply 1, mains supplied and / or lithium accumulator with Goldcap memory in combination - as also energy self-sufficient - supply 2, solar-based and / or vibrationally excited - can be constructed; the for the amount of energy needed is very low. At higher energy requirements come a three-phase transformer or three single-phase transformers, possibly with artificial neutralization for use.

A Another embodiment of the invention provides for the use of a low-current LED (Light Emitting Diode) - Display 1 - as a display unit in combination with an external supply.

A Another form of the inventive novelty is in that a liquid crystal segment display (LCD) - Display 2 - is used in conjunction with a lithium accumulator with intermediate storage. It will be one customized symbolism applied. A shading against Sunlight - glare - is certainly required.

According to one Another embodiment of the invention, the display via Electroluminescent-based transparency displays (EL) - Display 3 - done, but here is even more intense against outside radiation to shadow.

A another embodiment of the invention provides that on The reason for the low power consumption is the glow lamp with series resistor indicator 4, also coupled capacitively - a respectable solution represents.

According to one Another embodiment of the optical display is the use of Incandescent lamp - display 5 - also provided. The incandescent lamp is power-intensive as an ohmic consumer and must be externally supplied, but is also a power-efficient Light / dark, day / night control provided.

A Another embodiment of the invention provides the use of a polymer liquid crystal display (Polymer LCD) - Display 6 - before, which without external supply gets along. However, in return is the applied radiation power to measure and test.

A Liquid crystal display with memory (LCD) display 7 - can also be considered as a problem solver; the power supply for this display is also extreme low, but also the playback quality.

A Another form of the inventive novelty is with a self-luminous, fluorescent Ferranti display 8 - given that only current pulses are necessary to display which can be removed from a lithium cell controlled by Goldcap.

The Vacuum Fluorescence Tube Principle - Display 9 - too known as 'Magic Eye' - also comes as an ad in question and is characterized by high temperature resistance and lifetime out. However, an external supply is appropriate here and the application must justify the component price.

Of the Expansion of the optical display with logic operations and possibly acoustic or other signalers - depending on Condition and error situation - is planned.

Independently Type and characteristics of the display device become two different measuring and display methods proposed, then at the different points of the 3-phase wiring course can be installed.

The first variant - variant 1 - provides for each of the three phases to be displayed - possibly ohmic, inductive or capacitive coupled - and completed via the artificially formed star point or - alternatively - ohmic, inductive or capacitive ground potential connected. The advantage of the installation is the monitoring of all three phases.

at the second variant - variant 2 - is by means of each of the three phases ohmic, capacitive or inductive an artificial one Star point formed over a display ohmic, inductive or capacitively connected to ground potential. Disadvantage of the installation is that the failure of individual phases is not recognized.

There the circuit breaker via a status contact - normally closed contact and / or closer - has, is sufficient a high-impedance query and display for the optical representation of Circuit breaker state.

preferred Embodiments of the subject invention are in shown in the drawings and will be closer in the following described. Show it

1 Status display of individual phases of the system

2 Display of the global status of the system.

Same and equivalent components of the embodiments are each provided with the same reference numerals in the figures.

The Description of the device according to the invention will continue based on the explanation of the pictures.

1 indicates the monitoring of the electrical condition of all three phases of the system. The three conductors - conductor L1 1 , Conductor L2 2 and conductor L3 3 - be with the three optical displays - display L1 4 , Display L2 5 and display L3 6 - Connected via the three series resistors - series resistor X1 7 , Series resistor X2 8th and series resistor X3 9 - form a star point, which in turn via the resistor Xm1 10 with the ground potential 11 connected is. All three paths are so capacitively high-impedance - X = 1 / (ω × C) = 1 / (2 × π × f × C) ≈ 10 ⁶ Ω - that virtually no current I ≈ 0 flows. The operating state of all three phases 1 . 2 . 3 under tension, the three ads show 4 . 5 . 6 at; If one of the three phases fails, the corresponding display goes out.

2 indicates the global state of the three-phase system. Falls a phase 1 . 2 . 3 off, the display goes off 15 - there is an error case; it can not be concluded from the extinguished display on the failed phase. The three conductors - conductor L1 1 , Conductor L2 2 and conductor L3 3 - be with the three series resistors - series resistor X1s 12 , Series resistor X2s 13 and series resistor X3s 14 - connected to a star point. The star point is again via the display L1 / L2 / L3 15 and the resistance Xm2 16 with the ground potential 11 connected. The path is so capacitively high-impedance - X = 1 / (ω × C) = 1 / (2 × π × f × C) ≈ 10 ⁶ Ω - that virtually no current I ≈ 0 flows.

Container socket distribution are equipped with up to 11 circuit breakers / sockets, d. H. the voltage input is condition-monitored as well the voltage output of each outlet and phase, so are in total 36 monitors / containers to monitor; still to come once 11 operating states of the circuit breakers, d. H. 47 displays / container connection. Considering Practicability is proposed, the input monitoring 3-phase - variant 1 - and the output monitoring 1-phase - variant 2 - as well as the circuit-breaker condition monitoring to realize what the presentation of 25 ads means. Because the Displays are arranged ergonomically, is a 'reading - skimming over' the operating conditions for the responsible Ship staff reasonable.

alternative The sum of the signals can be coded and processed algorithmically and be displayed as a code. The coding as Result of three operating states of input voltage, x Circuit breakers / sockets and x circuit breaker operating states is to be evaluated by the responsible ship's staff and correct to interpret. Without a deposited statement and / or textual / symbolic Display of the displayed coding is not this solution practical.

The particular advantages of the invention are that eliminates the completely mechanical locks and indications about switching position and plug assembly of Circuit breakers and sockets one with the insertion of the plug Connected switching action carried out, carried out electrically, can be detected and monitored.

advantageous Further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims; the numerous possibilities and advantages of the design of the Invention are reflected in the number of property rights claims contrary.

1

ladder L1

2

ladder L2

3

ladder L3

4

optical Display L1

5

optical Display L2

6

optical Display L3

7

dropping resistor X1

8th

dropping resistor X2

9

dropping resistor X3

10

resistance X m1

11

ground potential

12

dropping resistor X1s

13

dropping resistor X2's

14

dropping resistor x3's

15

optical Display L1 / L2 / L3

16

resistance X m2

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 9417178 U [0008]
• - DE 19601967 [0010]
• - DE 19706358 [0012]
• - DE 20210357 U [0014, 0016]
• DE 20218445 U [0016]
• - DE 20317764 U [0018]
• DE 29807529 U [0020]
• DE 202004010818 U [0023]

Claims (15)

Electric condition indicator in maritime switching apparatus - especially in the field of energy supply of ship containers on container sockets concerning - characterized in that the multiphase electrical structure of the container socket - consisting of the measuring and test points input voltage, circuit breaker and output voltage - the electrical Status of each of the phases can be queried at the measuring and test points, processed and visually and possibly acoustically displayed. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to claim 1, characterized in that on the multiphase electrical construction of the container socket - consisting from the measuring and test points input voltage, Circuit breaker and output voltage - the combined electrical state of the phases at the measuring and test points Queried 1-phase, processed and visually and possibly acoustically Display can be brought. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 and 2, characterized that the electrical status display is externally powered - about the multiphase network by means of single- or multi-phase transformation and / or rechargeable accumulator with additional memory in combination. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized that the electrical status display is supplied energy self-sufficient - solar and / or electromechanically vibrationally excited with additional electric storage. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized that the visual display by the use of a low-current LED (Light Emitting Diode) as a display unit in combination with a External supply is executed. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized that the optical signaling by means of a liquid crystal segment display (LCD) in conjunction with a lithium accumulator with buffering and custom symbolism and glare-free shading against daylight / ambient light. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized that the optical display via electroluminescence-based Foil displays (EL), but with intensive shading against foreign radiation. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized that due to the low power consumption, the electric glow lamp with series resistor - also capacitive coupled - for Use comes. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized that for the purpose of optical indication of the use of the light bulb as current-intensive ohmic consumer is supplied externally, too with a power-saving light / dark, day / night control. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized that as an indication of the use of a non-external Polymer Liquid Crystal Display (Polymer LCD) is under the condition of sufficient applied radiation power. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized that liquid crystal display with memory (LCD) is used with minimum power for this display. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized that the display by a self-luminous, fluorescent Ferranti display is given, since here only current pulses to display necessary, which controlled a lithium cell with gold cap memory can be removed. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized that the externally supplied vacuum fluorescent tube principle - too known as 'magic eye' - is used. Electrical status display for maritime switching devices according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized that beyond the visual display logical Links and possibly further optical and / or acoustic Signal transmitter - depending on condition and error situation - including Remote transmission can be installed. Electrical state indicator in maritime switching apparatus according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the Status inquiry of the electrical circuit breaker on the state contact in conjunction with a high-impedance network query and display for visual display and / or other signalers takes place.