DE102004007346B3 - Road vehicle bodywork manufacturing tool with knee joint clamping system and point welding tool has cylinder with working piston and braking piston with piston rod fitting in bore in working piston rod - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine tool has a working head (1) with a rounded contour for deforming a sheet metal workpiece. It has a knee joint clamping or actuating system (8). The drive mechanism consists of a cylinder (2), made of two half-shells (4,5) with a liner (14) of modified oval cross-section. A working piston (11) and a braking piston (35) fit in the liner and may be adjusted with respect to each other. The braking piston has a piston rod (33) with a screw thread which can move inside the threaded (32) hollow piston rod (25) of the working piston.

Description

The The invention relates to a toggle lever device, also clamping tool like spot welding device with toggle joint arrangement, or clinching tool with toggle joint arrangement or like -, for use in the bodywork of the automotive industry.

Toggle clamping devices are used in body construction for holding sheet-metal components, These then permanently by spot welding, gluing, clinching, or like to connect. The achieved by the toggle joint high holding and pressing forces enable thus a secure fixation. In general, such toggle lever tensioners exist from a clamping head and an axially adjoining piston-cylinder unit, consisting of a cylinder and one alternately on both sides with fluid pressure, in particular by compressed air, to be acted upon Piston, which is provided with a piston rod, the clamping head partially passes through and at the end of a joint, the toggle joint arrangement wearing, which is connected to a tension arm, which with a jaw or the like interacts so that between the jaw and the tensioning arm the components to be held can be tightened. As a rule, such Toggle jigs included in a sequencer so that the production lines can be largely automated.

From the DE 198 24 579 C1 For example, a toggle clamping device for use in the bodywork of the automotive industry is already known, with a clamping head and an axial extension adjoining cylinder, in which also alternately on both sides by pressure medium pressure to be acted upon pistons longitudinally displaceable, is guided against rotation and sealing, with its piston rod engages the cylinder and the clamping head, wherein at the free end of the piston rod within the housing of the clamping head a toggle joint arrangement is arranged, which is associated with a clamping arm, wherein the piston divides the cylinder into a Zylinderrückhubraum and a Zylinderspannhubraum, and the Zylinderspannhubraum end face by a lid, a housing wall or the like, is sealed, with end position sensing devices for the piston in the form of non-contact, z. B. inductive sensors or the like, with a brake piston or a stop piston, which is associated with the piston and arranged in the same cylinder as the piston coaxial with this, arranged in the cylinder bottom adjustment for the brake piston or the stop piston, with which this steplessly axially in both directions without disassembly of the toggle lever clamping device from the outside on the cylinder base for simultaneous and common change and / or adjustment of the opening angle of the clamping arm and the Endstellungsabfragung is adjustable and lockable, wherein a sensor of Endstellungsabfragevorrichtung is assigned to the brake or stop piston. The adjusting device is designed as a coaxial with the brake or stop piston arranged adjusting screw which is arranged in a bore in the cylinder bottom and locked by a lock nut. However, the adjustment can also be designed as a linear motor, air motor, hydraulic motor, electric spindle motor or alternately on both sides with pressure medium pressure to be acted piston-cylinder unit. The brake piston and thus the opening angle, the Endlagenabfragung and possibly the end position damping are in the axial direction gradually - intermittently - adjustable in a further embodiment. The set screw is pressure-tight sealed at its non-threaded length by a seal in the cylinder bottom.

In the above-described toggle clamping device, the cylinder end position, the opening angle of a clamping arm, the Endlagenabfragung and optionally an end position damping are simultaneously and jointly adjustable via an adjusting element. Change z. As working conditions, needs about the actuator, without disassembly of the toggle lever device and the cylinder head, only the setting to be made. As a result, together and at the same time the matching parameters, ie cylinder end position, opening angle of the clamping arm, Endlagenabfragung and possibly also the end position damping, set and lock in the desired position. This may possibly also occur during operation. This is advantageous if z. B. should show that tolerances are not met exactly or change contours of the parts to be clamped. In this case, the adjusting element can be actuated from the outside on the toggle lever clamping device in order to make the desired adjustments, so to speak with a handle. This is a not to be underestimated advantage, since it then comes to no downtime in production lines of the automotive industry, which otherwise high costs for set-up times, etc. are connected. In addition, the actuator allows each desired sensitive adjustment under operating conditions. Since the actuator at a non-obstructing location, eg. B. on the cylinder base, can be arranged, the outer contour of the toggle lever clamping device is not adversely affected, so that its all-round attachment option is maintained from four sides. It then also need no openings on the cylinder, the chuck or the like to be provided for, for. B. to arrange sensors. Rather, it is possible in this embodiment, all electrical lines, sensors and damping elements in the toggle lever clamping device, for. B. in the cylinder and / or the chuck, hineinzuverlagern. By a simple tool, if necessary, the Zylinderendabfrage and the opening angle and possibly the Endlagendämpfung simultaneously and in the same direction, ie quickly and with built-in toggle lever also sensitively changed and locked. This is particularly the case when the adjusting device is designed as an adjusting screw, which can be locked by a lock nut on the cylinder bottom.

From the EP 0 778 107 A1 is also a toggle clamping device for use in the bodywork of the automotive industry with a chuck and an axial extension adjoining cylinder in which an alternately on both sides by pressure medium pressure, preferably by air pressure to be acted upon piston longitudinally displaceable and sealing, previously known, with its piston rod engages through the cylinder and the clamping head, wherein at the free end of the piston rod within the housing a toggle joint assembly is attached, which is associated with a clamping arm, wherein the piston divides the cylinder into a Zylinderrückhubraum and into a cylinder clamping space, wherein the cylinder clamping space end face by a cover is sealingly closed, which is associated with a damping device for braking the opening movement of the piston, wherein the Zylinderrückhubraum and the cylinder clamping chamber via a respective connection channel alternately anschzuschehen either to the pressure medium source can be vented or to be vented, wherein the cylinder clamping space relieving or to be connected to the pressure medium source connection channel is blocked by a certain opening stroke of the piston from the cylinder clamping space, after which the cylinder clamping chamber is vented only via a throttle device. The damping device can be controlled and / or adjustable. It is also possible, depending on the opening angle of the clamping arm preferably continuously adjustable, in particular length-adjustable, form the damping device. For this purpose, it is proposed to change the throttle device depending on the desired pivoting angle of the clamping arm either by continuous or other change of the axial length of the throttle body with its support piston. The length adjustability can be stepless but also done by material removal, in the z. B. the projection is turned off to achieve the desired damping effect depending on the pivot angle of the clamping arm. Instead, however, the damping body can also consist of two or more telescopically interconfigurable parts. These parts can z. B. be interconnected by screw thread. In addition, the damping body may be formed integrally with the lid and can also be adjusted or changed in terms of its length according to the respective desired pivot angle. In some cases, it is also possible, the length hydraulically, z. B. by corresponding stroke adjustment of a piston in a cylinder, to thereby take into account the respective desired pivot angle of the pivot arm and to achieve the desired damping effect.

From the EP 0 962 285 A2 is also a toggle lever device known with a brake piston and a stop piston, wherein the stop piston is to be adjusted from the bottom of the cylinder via a screw in the axial direction of the working piston. In addition, the working piston on a projection which serves as a brake piston and is able to immerse in a corresponding sleeve-shaped recess of the stopper piston.

A similar Construction describe the German utility model 200 04 406 U1 and the German utility model 298 11 901 U1 during a change the swing angle in turn by material removal during construction after the German utility model 295 19 232 U1 is possible.

Out German Utility Model 295 02 184 U1 is a toggle lever device, especially known for use in the bodywork of the motor vehicle industry, with a chuck and an adjoining cylinder, in a z. B. alternately on both sides by pressure medium pressure, in particular by compressed air, to be acted upon piston longitudinally displaceable and sealingly guided is, wherein the cylinder consists of several detachable parts, the one as a barrel sleeve formed cylinder sleeve encloses in which the piston is guided. The cylinder may consist of two parts divided in its longitudinal axis, especially from halves, exist, which lie with flanges sealing each other and through Fasteners (screws, pins, bolts, gluing, or the like), in particular dust and liquid-tight, connected to each other. The clamping head as well as the cylinder can in a common, straight line through the longitudinal axis of the toggle lever tensioning device extending level to be divided into two parts, which in the division level flat and sealing each other. Furthermore, in the documents this pre-published Utility model one. Toggle clamping device described that each in the longitudinal axis direction opposing Parts of the clamping head and the cylinder in one piece - material in one piece or functionally in one piece - with each other are connected.

The Position of the piston rod is controlled by micro switches, inductive switches or compressed air switch indicated in this prior art type, which combined to a replaceable component (cassette, set) are in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston rod Longitudinal slot, in particular at the opposite of the clamping arm Side (back) are arranged, wherein the cassette in the slot shape fit intervenes. In this way, an assembly of the toggle lever device possible from all four sides, why the toggle clamp blind holes with screw thread having. The length the slot can only a fraction of the length of the clamping head, z. B. only 1/4 to 1/3 of the clamping head length be. The barrel sleeve is centered at one end by a bottom lid, which with a formally the Inner contour of the barrel sleeve adapted length section in the barrel sleeve engages, wherein the barrel sleeve at its end portion opposite the bottom via a likewise with a formally the Inner cross-section of the barrel sleeve adapted length section engages and centers in these.

From the DE 297 13 944 U1 is a druckmittelbetätigbare toggle lever clamping device, in particular for body parts, previously known, with a housing and a cylinder for one by pressure medium pressure and alternately acted upon on both sides of the piston via a piston rod and at least one coupling pin, at least one tab or the like, with the toggle joint and a Toggle joint arrangement and a toggle lever pivot pin is pivotally coupled to a Werkstückspannarm, which is pivotally mounted on a stationary housing, but rotatably mounted Gehäuseschwenkachse, in the axial direction of the piston rod in the penetrated by the piston rod housing parallel to each other guide grooves for optionally indirectly guiding the piston rod and / or the toggle joint are arranged. The opposite guide walls of the guide grooves for the toggle joint are arranged curved according to only one radius to one side of the piston rod of the longitudinal axis, such that with the Werkstückspannarm over a predetermined pivoting range of Werkstückspannarmes without achieving a dead center a simultaneous and approximately constant clamping force on the clamping arm achievable is. Furthermore, an embodiment is described in the aforementioned utility model, in which the opposite guide walls of the guide grooves on their leadership of the toggle joint serving length portion on one side of the longitudinal axis of the piston rod is bounded by a respective set of curves that merges as possible without any jump, such that with the workpiece clamping arm over a predetermined pivoting range of the Werkstückspannarmes without achieving a dead center an equal or approximately constant clamping force on the clamping arm is to be achieved. Both the coupling pin and the toggle joint pin are guided over at least a pair of guide rollers in the guide grooves, wherein the guide grooves each consist of skipless merging two longitudinal sections, wherein the one longitudinal section is rectilinear or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston rod, while the other longitudinal section of the from the piston rod directed away curved portion of the guide grooves, wherein the guide rollers for the toggle joint pin are guided only in the rectilinear portion, while the guide rollers of the toggle joint are guided over a certain stroke in the curved portion, but preferably also when the workpiece clamping arm is pivoted open Guide walls of the rectilinear section are performed. The common center of the radii of the guide walls of the curved portion are arranged on a straight imaginary line between the pivot center of the housing pivot axis and the pivot center of the Werkstückspannarmschwenkbolzens over which the toggle joint assembly is pivotally coupled to the toggle pivot pin.

From the GB 2 291 475 A is a pneumatically or hydraulically alternately on both sides acted upon piston-cylinder unit previously known, which has a cylinder with a working piston which is guided longitudinally displaceable and sealing in the cylinder and protrudes with a piston rod from the cylinder. The piston rod has at its end a threaded bolt with which a device part can be detachably coupled. The piston rod is hollow, so that a cylinder mounted on the bottom of the cylinder and arranged by an outside of the cylinder crank can rotate in opposite directions continuously while engaging in the hollow piston rod. The piston rod meshes with a thread of a stop piston, which is guided longitudinally displaceably on a rod extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston rod and thereby prevents a rotation of the stop piston. At the same time the rod passes through the sealed working piston and is mounted on the lid opposite the piston crown. In this way, the stroke of the working piston can be adjusted continuously. The stop on the stop piston can also be displayed. The working piston can be acted upon pneumatically.

From the DE 42 42 601 A1 is a piston-cylinder arrangement with a guided in a cylinder and between two Endlagenbegrenzungselementen by applying pressure medium baren piston with a piston rod previously known, wherein at least one of the two Endlagebegrenzungselemente is arranged to be adjustable in the axial direction within the cylinder. This device is further characterized in that at least one Endlagenbegrenzung is designed as a damping element, with a built-up between piston and damping element during the stroke pressure medium cushion. At least one of the end position limiting elements is held against rotation within the cylinder. At least one Endlagenbegrenzungselement is designed adjustable by means of a spindle mounted on the cylinder in both directions. The spindle is at least partially formed as a threaded spindle and extends through a threaded bore of a Endlagenbegrenzungselementes in a corresponding recess of the piston rod. The spindle is rotatable by means of a front side of the cylinder arranged handwheel in both directions, so that the piston can be adjusted in both directions and thus can change its stroke. This is also the hub of a connected to the piston rod other device changeable. Furthermore, the device is characterized in that engages at least one Endlagenbegrenzungselement for length adjustment by means of an external or internal thread in a corresponding mating thread on the cylinder.

From the DE 298 11 331 U1 a device for holding, positioning or clamping, in particular for holding, positioning and clamping of body parts with a housing previously known, in which a translationally movable under the action of an actuator means is arranged with a clamping and holding arm, wherein the movable device and the rod of the actuator are connected to each other by means of a length-adjustable device. The rod of the actuator has a threaded bore, the movable means being connected to a connector having an external thread at one end to achieve length adjustment by bolting together the threaded bore in the rod to the threaded end of the connector. The connecting element is rotatably connected to the movable device and has a configuration which cooperates with a Endstellungsabfrageeinrichtung the clamping or holding position. The rod of the actuator may be rotatably connected to the actuator, for example, in which it is attached to an elongated or rectangular piston. The rod and the actuator may have a configuration that cooperates with an end position sensing device for detecting the release or open position. This device also relates to a toggle lever device, in which the piston rod is divided into two parts. The one with the cylinder in a cylinder alternately on both sides to be acted upon by pressure medium piston is connected to the hollow rod at its free end length portion piston rod and threaded in this blind bore, the other end of the piston rod in this thread is more or less screwed, whereby the stroke of the piston and thus the pivot angle of the clamping arm changes. The threaded part is coupled via a clevis with the toggle joint and thus with the clamping arm.

The DE 196 16 441 C1 also relates to a toggle lever device for bodywork with a guided in an orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the piston rod in cross-section chuck, which is constructed of two housing parts, and with an adjoining in axial extension to the cylinder-side end of the clamping head cylinder, in which alternately on both sides is guided longitudinally displaceable and sealing by pressure medium pressure, in particular by air pressure to be acted upon piston, the cylinder and a cavity of the cylinder head axially engages with its piston rod, wherein at the free end of the piston rod a toggle joint assembly is attached, which is coupled to a clamping arm, with limit switches or Position transmitters in the form of microswitches, inductive switches, pneumatic switches or sensors, which are integrated in a space of the clamping head, wherein the switches are adjustable relative to each other and on a cover for the same b ildende holder are arranged and fixed as a total interchangeable interrogation cassette in the form of a board in the region of a slot in the axial direction of the clamping head, wherein the interrogator cassette in plan view has a "T-shaped" shape with a mounting rail and a flange to which a with its longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston rod extending profile connects. The query cartridge is inserted from the back of the housing of the clamping head by a narrow, extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the piston rod slot and maintaining the possibility of attachment of the toggle lever clamping device from all four sides, especially from the back, such that the profile of the slot seals as tight as possible to the outside. The housing of the clamping head consists of two shell-shaped housing parts, which lie flat on one another in a plane and the toggle joint assembly, the piston rod, the limit switches, dirt and dustproof encapsulate the outside, the two shell-shaped housing parts on the one narrower side of the rectangular cross-section clamping head have the slot for arranging the query cartridge.

By the EP 1 262 285 A2 It is previously known to form the clamping head and piston-cylinder unit as heavy, large and bulky parts materially in one piece, so that there is a large, heavy, block-shaped construction. In the cylinder chamber two pistons are arranged, wherein the one piston is designed as a working piston and the other piston as a stop piston. The working piston is provided with a hollow-bored piston rod, which is provided on a part of its length with internal thread. The stopper piston is also provided with a rod which is externally threaded on its outside. This threaded rod of the working piston can be more or less screwed into the hollow piston rod of the working piston. For this to be feasible, the stop piston has to be driven against the bottom cover and secured against rotation by centering parts which enter blind holes before the threaded piston rod of the working piston is rotated in one direction or the other from the piston cover via a special adjusting part to thereby change the axial position of the working piston to the stop piston and thus the stroke and thus in turn, the pivot angle of the clamping arm of the toggle lever tensioning device. The disadvantage here is that for this purpose the stopper piston must always be secured in a locking position on the cylinder base and against rotation before the threaded rod can be rotated in one direction or the other. In order to prevent unwanted axial displacement among the plurality of work trains, the threaded rod has orthogonal to its longitudinal axis a plurality of holes are inserted into the body, which by frictional engagement on the inner wall of the threaded portion of the piston rod inadvertent adjustment in prevent axial direction. This works in practice only imperfectly, since unintentional axial adjustments of the stop piston and thus the stroke can not be prevented in this way. Moreover, the entire construction is large, heavy and expensive and therefore expensive, so that devices of this kind only in special cases - if any - should be used.

Out Richter, Voss, Kozer: "Components of precision mechanics ", Page 231, 232, 275, 276, Verlag Technik Berlin, 1954 are so-called Locksmith previously known to serve a moving in a leadership Component opposite a second more or less lock, so that prevents movement or more difficult. At rest, the locking mechanism goes into a detachable connection, wherein one Locking mechanism, Zahnrichtgesperre, Rastgeperre, Klemmgesperre, Klemmrichtgesperre, Bremsgesperre, different. In this pre-publication are also the power relations described on a ball or Rollenrastgesperre.

The above DE 295 19 232 U1 relates to a toggle lever device, in particular for use in the bodywork of the automotive industry, with a clamping head and an axial extension adjoining cylinder in which an alternately on both sides by pressure medium pressure, preferably by air pressure to be acted upon piston longitudinally displaceable and sealing, which with its piston rod engages through the cylinder and the clamping head, wherein at the free end of the piston rod within the housing a toggle joint assembly is attached, which is associated with a clamping arm, wherein the piston divides the cylinder into a Zylinderrückhubraum and into a cylinder clamping space, wherein the cylinder clamping space end face by a cover is sealingly closed, which is associated with a damping device for braking the opening movement of the piston. The Zylinderrückhubraum and the cylinder clamping chamber are each connected via a connection channel alternately either to the pressure medium source or to vent. The connecting channel which relieves the cylinder clamping space or is to be connected to the pressure medium source is shut off from the cylinder clamping space by a certain opening stroke of the piston, whereupon the cylinder clamping chamber is only vented via a throttle device. The damping device is controlled and / or adjustable. In this case, the damping device may preferably be continuously adjustable, in particular length-adjustable, as a function of the opening angle of the clamping arm. It is also possible to design the damping device infinitely variable in length. The damping device may also comprise a, in the connection channel cross-section or in an associated channel portion projecting, the flow cross-section changing, lockable throttle valve which is sealed to the outside. Furthermore, it is possible to arrange the damping device in the lid of the cylinder. The lid of the cylinder chamber is associated with a cylindrical damping body substantially on its outer circumferential surface, which is penetrated parallel to its longitudinal axis by a channel which is connected to the connection channel for the pressure fluid supply and - removal of the cylinder clamping space and in a damping chamber with a considerably larger diameter opens, which in turn ends at its end in the cylinder clamping space. The damping body is provided at its end portion having the damping chamber with a support piston, the pressure medium tight against the cylinder inner wall of the cylinder chamber, wherein the support piston is arranged at a certain length distance from the end side of the lid. For this purpose, the support piston on its end face facing the piston on a projection on the material in one piece with the support piston can be formed. The channel extends coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder clamping space, wherein parallel to and at a distance from the channel, a throttle connection channel is arranged, which is connected on the one hand end side as the damping chamber in the cylinder clamping space and on the other side to a radial channel, in which the throttle valve, the flow cross section changing , protrudes. In addition, it is possible to provide the piston rod of the piston with a damping piston which engages sealingly in the damping chamber and thereby shuts off the cylinder clamping space from the connection opening via the channel.

The DE 697 11 548 T2 describes a clamp having a pivoting clamping arm fixedly mounted on a rotatable shaft which is rotatable by an external power source between the first and second end positions. There are provided position detecting means which are coupled for detecting the position of the clamping arm with the rotatable shaft. The position detecting means detects the absolute position of the clamp arm at all positions of the clamp arm. The detection means generates an output signal corresponding to the absolute position of the clamp arm. There are further provided means for setting a desired value, which corresponds to an angular position of the clamping arm. The setpoint can be variable. There are also means for changeable adjustment of the setpoint. The setpoint is, however, adjustable in predetermined angle stages. It is also possible to set the target value in angle steps over a fixed angle range. The setpoint may be different than the first and second end positions of the clamp arm. Comparing means are provided which are responsive to the output signal from the detection means and the means for setting the setpoint, for generating an output signal when the output signal from the detection means corresponding to the absolute position of the clamping arm, the set value is adjusted. Furthermore, connector means are provided which are mounted on the terminal, for connecting the current to the detection means and for connecting the output signal of the comparison means to an external controller. Further, means are provided which are coupled to the connection means which connect the output of the comparator means to the external control for detecting an overcurrent. There are also means responsive to the overcurrent detection means for selecting an error signal instead of the output of the comparator means when an overcurrent is detected and for switching off an output signal to the external controller. Further, means are provided for establishing first and second different setpoints, each corresponding to a certain angular position of the clamping arm. The first and second setpoints are different from the first and second end positions of the clamp arm, respectively. The first and second setpoint values can be set in predetermined angle stages, with the first and second setpoint values being adjustable in angle stages over a defined angle range. There are also provided comparator means responsive to the output signal from the detection means and the means for establishing the first and second setpoints for generating an output signal when the output signal from the detection means coinciding with the absolute position of the clamp arm is one of the first and second Setpoints corresponds. The clamp arm position detector is mounted on the clamp. There is further provided a central processing unit which executes a control program stored in the memory, the detection means generating an output corresponding to the absolute position of the clamp arm, inputting the output of the detection means to the central unit, having at least one setpoint stored in the memory the at least one setpoint corresponding to an angular position of the clamp arm, and the central unit including means for comparing the output signal from the detection means with at least one setpoint and generating output power when the output of the detection means is equal to the setpoint.

• 1.1 Festlegen einer Bezugsgröße,
• 1.2 Durchfahren einer vorbestimmten Anzahl von Spannzyklen und Erfassen der Bezugsgröße,
• 1.3 Ermitteln eines mittleren Referenzwertes für die gewählte Bezugsgröße
• 1.4 Festlegen eines maximalen sowie eines minimalen Referenzwertes und
• 1.5 Durchführen von Spannzyklen derart, dass bei Über- bzw. Unterschreiten des maximalen bzw. des minimalen Referenzwertes automatisch ein Warnsignal ausgelöst wird.

The DE 199 31 987 C1 relates to a method for detecting dysfunctions on tensioning devices, in particular toggle lever tensioning devices, for use in the bodywork of the motor vehicle industry with the following method steps:

• 1.1 definition of a reference,
• 1.2 passing through a predetermined number of clamping cycles and detecting the reference,
• 1.3 Determine a mean reference value for the selected reference
• 1.4 Setting a maximum and a minimum reference value and
• 1.5 Performing clamping cycles such that a warning signal is automatically triggered when the maximum or minimum reference value is exceeded or undershot.

When Reference value for the clamping cycle can the needed Time to be used. But it is also possible, as a reference, the force, when moving the drive member, for example one Piston, a toggle lever device is used to use.

Furthermore, it is possible to use as reference a temperature, for example measured on a drive. When the minimum or maximum reference value is exceeded, a message is sent to a PLC. The document also relates to a Spannvorrich tion, in particular toggle lever clamping device, for use in the bodywork of the automotive industry, for performing the method with a chuck and an adjoining drive member having an alternating on both sides by pressure medium pressure, in particular by air pressure to be acted piston, an electric motor or the like, with non-contact sensors such as microswitches; inductive switches, limit switches or the like, which detect a reciprocation of the drive member alternately the respective position or position of the drive member and / or a clamping member and / or a clamping arm. One or more of the sensors is associated with a microchip with adaptive software that monitors a selected reference value of the clamping cycle and triggers a signal to a PLC or the like when exceeding or falling below a predetermined reference value. After the triggering of a signal, the relevant sensor with its microchip can be reset to a zero size again.

task

Of the Invention is based on the object, a toggle lever - also clamping tools like spot welders with toggle joint arrangements, or clinching tools with toggle joint arrangements or the like - for use in the body shop of the automotive industry, such form that adjusting or pivoting paths, z. B. a clamping arm, change easily to let.

solution

The The object is achieved by each of the claims 1, 6 or 29.

Some advantages

To the Example may be in any of the solutions according to claims 1 to 5, the sensor device may be designed to be self-learning Microprocessor, which by switching one or more times a selected position, for example, an angular position (pivoting position) of a clamping arm, stores this position so that it then retrieved as often as you like can be. This can be done, for example, by the fact that the corresponding toggle lever clamping device in the control of a production plant, In particular, a sequence control is included, so that the Example from a central control station out of any number such toggle clamps, but also spot welding devices with toggle joint arrangements, clinching tools, welding devices with Toggle joint arrangements or the like to different Construction dimensions, especially on different interference edges in the body shop, are programmable. For example, it is necessary that the clamping arms of toggle clamps, wheel arches, sills or the like, controlled by robot arms, run around and not be allowed to abut. Vary Types or dimensions can easily be taken into account be that by appropriate single or multiple driving these new coordinates, in particular swivel angle, the new Movement coordinates are stored and in the sequence control be included. This can be done, for example, from a central control station to happen with a computer. A removal, especially a mechanical Adjusting sensors on a set, also called cassette, is then no longer necessary. First of all eliminates a removal, implementation of Sensors and reinstallation.

at the solution according to claim 1 is designed as a set learning sensor part included in a control, so that the selected clamping positions arbitrary often can be retrieved.

at the solution according to claim 6, all the advantages described above are also present, with a further advantage that with this solution the screw spindle still associated with a piston-shaped thickening is, which dives from a predetermined stroke in a chamber and thereby the pressure medium channel of the between the brake piston and the bottom lid of the interior shuts off, so this is here enclosed pressure medium, in particular compressed air, only over z. B. a throttle to the serving in this case, the outflow of air pressure medium channel is connected, so that a corresponding soft and steady Deceleration results.

The solution according to claim 29 includes, inter alia, an integrated Microprocessor as path measuring system with the following procedures:

a) z. B. Adjustment aid for clamping area 90 ° (clamping arm closed)

first if the clamping arm by appropriate shims on the component exactly 90 ° aligned is, the query generates a positive feedback (corresponding LED's light up) and the the actual training phase begins; this ensures that only properly adjusted tensioner, in which the support rollers in the clamping position, in the middle of the force curve, in Operation can be taken;

b) learning phase

After successful adjustment of the clamping arm, with the next power cycles (Program mability z. B. ten cycles = 10 times open and closed) the positions are stretched and opened, recognized and taught; which means that the respective preset opening angle is registered in the query as an open position, and that the clamping position with the existing component to be clamped, z. B. a sheet metal component of the bodywork of the bodywork, and the thus defined sheet thickness is also recognized by the precision query; wherein, after this training phase, the query is adjusted and programmed for this application and, as of now, deviations in both end positions are recognizable;

e) operating phase

If the clamping arm does not move exactly into the learned end position, z. B. in that a double sheet is present or a sheet metal component is missing, the query generates no feedback from a PLC, the toggle lever device thus recognizes the component so that in a crash or through excessive wear of mechanical Components, contour pieces and consoles also this by not reaching the end position detected by device becomes;

d) trend detection

it can be assumed that the clamping position and thus the end position of the support rollers on the force curve over time enforcing mechanics and change other components, wherein by a trend detection with slow repositioning of the support rollers no false signal is generated, but only when the support rollers have reached the final position (no more power reserves), a false signal is sent to the PLC, because then it can be assumed that the mechanics are worn out or a secure clamping is no longer possible guaranteed is.

claim 2 describes the inclusion of a programmable memory. In this programmable memory can in case of need also by PC or the like intervened, for example, from a Central control off.

claim 3 describes another inventive solution.

claim 4 opened also the possibility other variables, for example exceeding given tolerances, to compare with stored in the electronic memory values and when crossing such values trigger a corresponding alarm signal.

claim 5 describes a for patentable Solution, in which a sensor part in a recess of the housing part is arranged. This recess can for example be designed as a slot be. This slot can be located anywhere on the housing part, especially on the so-called chuck, are. The slot may be on the front or back or on each of the narrow sides, preferably in the longitudinal axis direction the clamping head and preferably in the direction of adjusting movements, which act on the toggle joint arrangement extend and as a slit-shaped Recess designed. This slot-shaped recess may be on a housing part or on several housing parts extend. For example, the chuck of two is sandwiched and substantially jointless superimposed housing parts formed, the slot can be symmetrical or unbalanced distribute the parting line between the two housing parts and the sensor part take up. This sensor part closes before contoured with the outer wall of the housing part, in particular a clamping head, from.

For this purpose describes Claim 7, a preferred embodiment of the invention.

In Claim 8 is a simple solution for the locking of the screw in the respectively desired Position described so that the screw does not unintentionally while can adjust the operation in the axial direction.

The claims 9 and 10 describe alternative solutions. Is a certain torque when adjusting the adjusting spindle via a socket wrench or like that exceeded, becomes the frictional or positive locking or by ball catch to be formed locking between screw and brake piston solved or exceeded, so that then the adjusting spindle are rotated in the desired direction can. The number of locking connections depends on the one you want Application. For example, over the Scope two, four, five or even more ball-catchers, preferably with equal angular distances from each other, arranged be, which engage after reaching the predetermined position. By appropriate pitch of the thread, in particular of fine thread, has It is in the hand, the adjustment so sensitive to be able to make that one the pivot angle ranges aimed at by the toggle lever clamping device adjust the clamping arm easily and in the desired Angle position can also lock.

In Claim 11 is a further advantageous embodiment of the invention.

If a solution is selected according to claim 12, it is impossible, the adjusting spindle un Intended to completely unscrew from the thread of the piston rod, so that unwanted manipulations are avoided.

at the embodiment according to claim 13 are arranged in the housing guide grooves formed curved in the clamping area after a radius or more radii. As a result, a dead center is avoided. Rather, it is achieved that over a predetermined range, the clamping force on the clamping arm approximately equal can be held. This area can be designed by design and, for example, just before placing the Werkstückspannarmes start on components to be joined together and over a certain swivel angle range (path range), the Werkstückspannarmbolzen maintained during clamping with the toggle joint, maintained become. This range can be, for example, 1 to 15, preferably 4 to 5 mm, preferably on the Werkstückspannarmende.

claim 14 describes an alternative solution this, in which the predetermined range by a family of curves is limited, as possible jumps into each other without a jump, so that a jerky movement of the clamping arm can be avoided can.

claim 15 describes a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, which also for the solution according to claim 16 applies.

Especially It is advantageous if the curve of a wear-resistant Material existing body is formed, which receives the curve or the family of curves - claim 17th

This body can according to claim 18 made of hardened Steel or according to claim 19 of a ceramic workpiece, from Armor steel (claim 20) or tungsten carbide (claim 21) or other highly wear-resistant plastic with embedded Particles made of wear-resistant Material (claim 22) exist.

One rapid replacement of the device according to the invention is in the Embodiment after Claim 23, wherein the toggle lever tensioning device Quick couplings are assigned to at least three sides, by means which the toggle clamp quickly and in particular form-fitting in a manufacturing plant, for example, in the body shop of Automotive industry, can be installed and removed.

In Claim 24 describes a toggle-type clamping device, in which the toggle joint arrangement in a clamping head enclosed space is arranged encapsulated, at which the piston-cylinder units connects in the axial direction, such that the piston-cylinder unit and the chuck unit componentally are, in such a way that the chuck also at the same time the housing for the piston-cylinder unit forms.

claim Fig. 25 describes a toggle-type tensioning device consisting of a unitary component consists of two housing shells is formed, the toggle lever assembly and the space for the piston-cylinder unit enclose. For this For example, the piston-cylinder unit may have a liner, in the common housing for the Toggle joint assembly can be arranged with. Such Knee lever clamping device is particularly space-saving, in particular very short, with the same performance and the same purpose.

In Claim 26 is a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, which also applies to claims 27 and 28 applies.

claim 30 describes a toggle-type tensioning device in which the interrogator has an integrated microprocessor which is at or during the Query the clamping cycles, cycle times and other analyzes and criteria considered, if necessary stores. Among these criteria and analyzes can be to Example tolerances, sizes (thicknesses of components) and so on. Error messages can also be saved.

• – analoge Erfassung der Spannerstellung durch die Position des Targets im Spanner
• – Umsetzung dieser analogen Positionsgröße in ein normiertes Schaltsignal
• – Definition der gewünschten Schaltposition durch „teach in"
• – Manipulationssicherheit durch automatische Toleranzfensterreduktion während der Lernphase
• – die Robotersoftware muss nicht geändert werden, der Unterschied zu den bisher verwendeten Sensoren liegt darin, dass ein Schaltsignal nur generiert wird, wenn das Bauteil richtig gegriffen worden ist
• – herkömmliche Sensoren fragen entweder nur grob den Greifer „auf/zu" ab, oder Blech „vorhanden/nicht vorhanden"
• – der neue Sensor vereint beide Funktionen und ergänzt sie noch durch die Abfrage kein Blech, Blech vorhanden, Doppelblech, indirekte Kraftmessung
• – optimal auch für die Positionserfassung bei Laserspannen.

The toggle clamping device can be designed such that the final interrogation device has the following technical data:
The Endfragenvorrichtung has the following technical data: Voltage range 12-30 volts; Power consumption <25mA; Load current per 200mA, switching function 2 * pnp; NO; LED display: switching state "to" pin 2 yellow, switching state "to" pin 4 red, power on green; Plug connections M12: Pin 1 +, pin 2, switching signal, "up" or "R", pin 3 -; Pin 4, switching signal "to" or "V"; Operating temperature: 0 to + 55 C °, storage temperature: -10 to + 70 ° C; Switching position: teach in; short-circuit protection; overvoltage protection; reverse polarity protected; features:

• - Analog detection of the tensioner position by the position of the target in the tensioner
• - Implementation of this analog position size in a normalized switching signal
• - Definition of the desired switching position by "teach in"
• - Manipulation security through automatic tolerance window reduction during the learning phase
• - The robot software does not need to be changed, the difference to the previously used sensors is that a switching signal only ge is generated when the component has been gripped correctly
• Conventional sensors either only roughly ask the gripper "open / close" or sheet "present / not available"
• - The new sensor combines both functions and adds even by the query no sheet metal, sheet available, double sheet, indirect force measurement
• - Optimal also for position detection in laser tensions.

advantageously, is according to claim 31 the interrogator in a slot as an interchangeable set arranged in the longitudinal axis direction the piston rod extends and preferably on the back the knee lever tensioning device in the area of the toggle joint receiving space is arranged. This slot can also on another, for example on the side surfaces or in front in the area the toggle joint order are located so that, if necessary, the interrogator in a the slots is to be arranged. It is also possible to use the toggle lever tensioning device to use on all four sides with slots through the covers after Outside are covered against dirt and moisture and only when needed be released when placing an interrogator. In this way it is possible depending on the type of installation, to equip the toggle clamp with an interrogator which is to be arranged in the slot concerned.

advantageously, is the interrogator according to claim 32 formed. In this way, protruding parts are prevented. The interrogator is arranged in the outer contour of the housing of the Knee lever tensioning device and closes as possible with its outer contour in flight with the walls of the housing arranged here Toggle clamping device off.

claim 33 describes a further advantageous embodiment of the invention. On that way a very uniform housing very open easily, to have access to the interior. The number of items will be thereby reduced.

A further preferred embodiment is described in claim 34.

claim 35 describes an inventive solution in which a switching flag made of St37.

The claims 36 to 49 describe further inventive solutions.

In the claims 50 and 51 further advantageous embodiments are described. hereby ensures that, in cases where the toggle lever tensioning device has no dead center, in case of power failure, the tensioner is not unintentionally in solution position can drive (clamping arm opens yourself). Rather, the respectively under pressure medium pressure, in particular Air pressure, standing cylinder chamber through a controlled non-return valve so long against the discharge line secured, until by a pressure valve, the check valve in the open position is controlled. The check valve can thus be included in a sequential control of the entire system.

In the claims 52 to 55 are more independent inventive solutions described. In these embodiments can the memory - if necessary from a PC or a central control station - to different Parameters, for example tolerance ranges, signs of wear, Swing angle or strokes - within predetermined ranges - free be programmable. After programming, if necessary, the memory also deleted again and also other, different values, individually or in total, be programmed.

In the drawing is the invention - partly schematic - for example illustrated. Show it:

1 a toggle lever device in axial longitudinal section, shown partially broken off, partly in the view, wherein the brake piston and the working piston are in an end-side clamping position;

2 a similar sectional view as 1 , with quick couplings on three sides, with the working piston and the clamping piston in the open position (braking position) are located, the screw is screwed maximum in the piston rod;

3 from 2 apparent toggle lever clamping device, wherein the brake piston is in the open position (clamping lever open), while the screw is only partially screwed into the piston rod (stroke relative to 2 );

4 from 1 apparent toggle lever device, also with only partially screwed into the piston rod screw, wherein the brake piston is just dipped with its piston-shaped projection in the brake chamber;

5 a cross section in the area of the Zy Linders of the piston-cylinder unit;

6 a detail in the area of the toggle joint arrangement with interrogator, partly in the view, partly in section and partly broken off,

7 a cross section along the line VII - VII of 6 , supplemented by further parts of the toggle lever clamping device;

8th a plan view of the back of the clamping head, shown broken off and

9 an interrogator in perspective view.

With the reference number 1 is designed as a clamping head housing part and with the reference numeral 2 a trained as a power cylinder. Both the clamping head 1 as well as the power drive 2 are in the direction of the longitudinal axis 3 in two identical halves formed as housing parts 4 and 5 divided, ie longitudinally divided, the division plane 6 centric through the longitudinal axis 3 runs. The two halves 4 and 5 of the clamping head 1 and the power drive 2 are materially integral or functionally formed in one piece, z. B. bolted together, versplindet or glued. In the embodiment shown in the drawing, these halves 4 . 5 each integrally formed materially in one piece, that is, the clamping head 1 and the power drive 2 forming halves 4 and 5 are each formed materially in one piece and lie in the division plane 6 like flanges flat against each other, so that the inner parts are largely protected against dust and moisture. In addition, seals may be disposed therebetween.

The clamping head 1 encloses an interior 7 in which a toggle joint arrangement 8th with toggle joint is present, via a designed as a clamping arm clamping part about a housing-fixed axis 10 in direction A or B by alternating pressure medium, in particular by applying compressed air, a working piston 11 is pivotable back and forth.

The working piston 11 is through a seal 12 longitudinally displaceable and sealing on the inner wall 13 a barrel sleeve 14 led by the halves 4 and 5 of the power drive 2 is enclosed. The barrel sleeve 14 is in an orthogonal to its longitudinal axis 3 guided cross-section flat oval formed ( 5 ). The outer walls of the barrel sleeve 14 facing walls of the halves 4 and 5 are with the outer walls of the barrel sleeve 14 shape-adapted formations 15 and 16 provided so that the halves 4 and 5 the barrel sleeve 14 enclosed in a form-fitting manner. The halves 4 . 5 lie by means of flanges 17 and 18 close together and are not shown by screws or the like, for. As dust and liquid-tight, connected to each other, which is also true for the upper region, ie the area of the clamping head 1 , applies. Accordingly, the flanges can wrap around the halves 4 . 5 , thus also on the clamping head 1 , extend. The halves 4 . 5 can materially integral with the the clamping head 1 be formed forming halves.

The barrel sleeve 14 is end face at one end by a bottom lid 19 mounted axially and radially secured by a seal 20 the interior 21 fluid-tight, in particular compressed air-tight, seals. The bottom cover 19 can be detachably arranged by screws (not shown).

At the opposite end is the barrel sleeve 14 z. B. by a cover (not shown) or the like, for. B. a one-piece housing wall, locked ( 1 . 4 .). This ground cover 19 or the like is preferably materially integral with the respective halves 4 and 5 that the housing for the power drive 2 or the clamping head 1 form, trained, but can also be screwed (not shown).

The power drive 2 are pressure medium connections 23 respectively. 24 for supplying pressure medium, in particular compressed air, to one or the other side of the working piston 11 assigned. The pressure medium connections 23 respectively. 24 are via a sequence control to a suitable pressure medium source, for. B. to a compressed air source, connectable (not shown).

With the working piston 11 is a piston rod 25 connected, which has a seal 26 through the lid or the wall provided here of the power drive 2 is guided longitudinally displaceable and sealing and in the interior 7 protrudes and here with a z. B. designed as a clevis coupling piece 27 is connected to the about a pivot axis 28 the toggle joint arrangement 8th is coupled pivotally. The toggle joint arrangement 8th may consist of tabs or pairs of tabs, which are configured in a previously known manner and connected to each other via further pivot pin to the clamping part 9 to pivot in the direction of A or B when clamping or releasing drive.

The piston rod 25 is designed tubular over a large part of its axial length, in particular with a blind bore 29 provided in the illustrated embodiment of two sections with different inner diameters 30 respectively. 31 consists. The one with the inside diameter 31 provided axial portion of the piston rod 25 . extending through a bore of the working piston 11 extends and on the opposite side from the working piston 11 emerges, is with internal thread 32 provided, in which a adjusting screw designed as an adjusting spindle 33 more or less screwed into it. The adjusting spindle 33 is also threaded on its outer peripheral surface 34 Mistake. The internal thread 32 and the thread 34 correspond to each other and are so finely formed and provided with such a slope that, in the manner to be described below, the pivot angle of the clamping part 9 can be sensitively changed and adjusted.

The adjusting spindle 33 is with a brake piston 35 in one piece, but detachable, connected. The adjusting spindle 33 rests with a ring collar 36 on the working piston 11 facing surface of the brake piston 35 By the way, with one approach a hole in the brake piston 35 , On the working piston 11 opposite side of the brake piston 35 is the adjusting spindle 33 with a piston-shaped thickening 37 provided on their front side with a hexagon socket 38 trained recess is equipped with an unillustrated tool (socket wrench or the like) after removing a sealing plug 39 is detachable. The sealing plug 39 can be pressure-sealed in the threaded hole of the bottom cover 19 be arranged and be removed with the same tool, with the adjusting spindle 33 can be operated.

With the reference number 40 is referred to as a chamber formed as a brake chamber, which has an annular recess with a seal 41 has, wherein the piston-shaped thickening 37 is designed so that it is pressure-tight through the seal 41 in the chamber 40 can submerge when the brake piston 35 approaching a certain position during the brake stroke. If this happens, the channel connected to the pressure medium connection becomes 24 from the interior 21 locked off so that the between the bottom cover 19 and the brake piston 35 located pressure medium quantity, in particular air, only via a throttle bore 42 from the brake room 21 and the channel 24 can flow away, which is immediately, that is shortly before reaching the bottom cover 19 , a gentle braking of the masses results. The brake piston 35 thus can not on the ground cover 19 unbraked on the opening stroke. The axial length of the piston-shaped thickening 37 is so dimensioned that in the as interior 21 trained brake chamber at the opening stroke enclosed amount of pressure medium, in particular air quantity, although sufficient to decelerate the masses, but is not so large that a kind of cushion effect or spring-back effect on the clamping part 9 can occur.

Also the brake piston 35 is about a seal 43 on the inner wall 13 the barrel sleeve 14 pressure-tight sealed.

The hexagon socket 38 is via an axial channel 44 that the piston-shaped thickening 37 interspersed, at the periphery of the ring collar 36 radially over a channel section 45 into the working cylinder room 46 outlet, connected to this pressure medium, so that through the channel 24 added pressure medium, in particular compressed air, through the axial channel 44 and via canal section 45 in the working cylinder room 46 during the clamping stroke (pivoting direction A of the clamping part 9 ) is able to enter.

During the opening stroke (pivoting direction B of the clamping part 9 ) is in the working cylinder space 46 enclosed quantity of pressure medium through the working piston 11 over the canal section 45 and the axial channel 44 as well as the channel 24 pressed to the outside, wherein only - as described - at the entrance of the piston-shaped thickening 37 in the brake chamber 40 relatively short before hitting the bottom lid 19 the braking effect occurs because then when the seal is reached 41 the brake chamber 40 from the channel 24 is locked and in the interior 21 remaining pressure medium only through the throttle bore 42 in the channel 24 decelerating can be pushed out. The throttle bore 42 can be designed to be adjustable, if necessary to be able to adjust the throttling action on the masses to be braked. For this purpose, an adjustable valve (not shown) of the throttle bore 42 be assigned.

With the reference number 47 is an unillustrated designed as a screw stop screw referred to a complete unscrewing the adjusting spindle 33 from the piston rod 25 to prevent. This can be at the end of the adjusting spindle 33 be arranged, so in the blind hole 29 are located.

at 48 points the working piston 11 an annular recess for entry of the annular collar 36 on ( 1 ).

As can be seen from the drawing, the axial thickness of the working piston 11 considerably, namely several times greater than the measured in the same direction thickness of the brake piston 35 , This allows the working piston 11 travel a relatively wide axial path until the outermost open position (braking position) is reached. In this way, z. B. the swivel angle range of 90 ° (output level = 0 °) to about 135 ° by appropriate adjustment of the adjustment 33 change.

With the reference number 49 . 50 respectively. 51 are Designated quick couplings. Through these quick couplings 49 . 50 and 51 can the toggle clamping device in the respective desired position with suitable other parts of the device (not shown) form-fitting detachably and safely couple by dovetail-shaped support members.

On the pivot axis 28 are on opposite sides guide rollers 53 . 54 ( 7 ) arranged at the end. The leadership roles 53 and 54 are each in a guide groove 55 respectively. 56 rolling led. These guide grooves 55 and 56 are on opposite sides in the inner walls of the chuck 1 forming housing sections of the parts or halves 4 . 5 incorporated and extend in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal axis 3 initially substantially straightforward over a certain stroke range. Otherwise, the leadership roles 53 and 54 in rolling bearings, especially needle bearings, stored friction. In the area of the Spannhubendes run the guide grooves 55 and 56 on the same side arcuate at 57 . 58 , so that there is no dead center or Übertotpunktlage. In this case, the arrangement is such that over a certain range, the clamping force initially increases to a maximum value and then approximately over a certain axial stroke of the piston rod 25 stays the same. As a result, a certain amount of wear can be compensated, since the guide grooves arranged in the housing 55 . 56 at least in the clamping area after each a radius or after a family of curves are formed without a jump curved. This area can begin before the usual dead center and maintained on the usual dead center. For example, the large clamping force is just before placing the clamping part 9 achieved on a workpiece and over a certain path range, in which the Spannarmbolzen moves when tightening with the toggle joint, also maintained. This area, in which the constant or approximately constant clamping force is achieved in a toggle lever clamping device according to the invention, z. Example, in the range of 1 mm to 15 mm, preferably from about 3 mm to 6 mm, based on the clamping part, be achievable. Also conceivable are indications as described and illustrated in DE 297 13 944 of the Applicant.

In the upper part of the guide grooves 55 and 56 this is a body 59 arranged as a wear body, which consists of a correspondingly wear-resistant material, in particular steel, hardened steel, ceramic, or the like, and which is interchangeable arranged in a corresponding shape adapted recess of the side wall of the housing. The recess can also on both housing parts or halves 4 . 5 be arranged symmetrically distributed and the body 59 accordingly also by both parts 4 . 5 be held positively and stored. The body 59 is replaced by at least one screw, which is the chuck 1 passes through, releasably arranged. The screw can also be omitted and instead held the body non-positively and / or positively.

With the reference number 60 Overall, an interrogator is called, on its outer contour 61 according to the course of the here provided wall of the clamping head 1 is formed and thereby aligned with the outer surface of the clamping head 1 completes when the interrogator 60 in a longitudinal slot 62 of the clamping head 1 is used. This longitudinal slot 62 extends in the illustrated embodiment on the back of the housing of the toggle lever device and can be centered on the two halves 4 . 5 , but also asymmetrical or eccentric to this, or only one half 4 or 5 be distributed so that as far as possible on both sides and possibly also above and below - viewed in the axial direction of the toggle lever - blind holes can be arranged with thread to the toggle lever also on the back in a manufacturing plant, eg. B. on a console to be able to attach (not shown).

The interrogator 60 has a plug 66 for connection to a suitable electrical cable, via which values can be queried remotely and, if necessary, can also be made audible (acoustically and / or optically) on a monitor or the like. It is also possible to display certain positions via diodes.

How out 7 indicates, is the interrogator 60 with a flange 67 on the clamping head 1 over a screw 67a detachably arranged and in the longitudinal slot 62 plugged in, so that they are not as far as possible to the outside the longitudinal slot 62 concludes. In the longitudinal axis of the interrogator 60 serves the area extending in the axial direction of the piston rod longitudinal axis 68 with the length P as the measuring range for the force curve, ie in the area of the end of the stroke, where the sections 57 and 58 are located while the area 69 with the axial length D the Öffnungshubbereich of the clamping part 9 equivalent.

The interrogator 60 has at least one adaptive microprocessor, the z. B. repeated driving predetermined measuring points (positions of the clamping arm 9 For example, it is possible to use the interrogator 60 different opening angle ranges of 15 °, 45 °, 75 °, 105 ° and 135 ° by z. B. multiple driving these positions in the microprocessor program and thus also corresponding pivoting angle ranges of the clamping arm 9 in the interrogator 60 set and save accordingly. If necessary these areas are erasable, so the interrogator 60 reprogrammable to new swivel angle ranges of the clamping part 9 ,

The interrogator 60 is included in a sequence control and accordingly controls upon reaching the respective programmed pivoting angle ranges the compressed air supply and shutdown or reversal, along with the corresponding setting of the brake piston 35 by more or less screwing in the adjusting spindle 33 in the corresponding blind hole 29 the piston rod 25 of the working piston 11 ,

Instead, as shown, the chuck 1 To assign a cylinder as a piston-cylinder unit and thus as a translational power drive, it is also possible, the cylinder and thus the piston-cylinder unit spatially with the clamping head 1 to unite, so to make all parts materially in one piece, if necessary, build them in only one parting plane of half-shells or partial shells, but a liner or other cylinder with in the interior 7 of the clamping head 1 integrate, so that chuck 1 and cylinder are spatially uniformly interconnected. For this purpose, z. B. the barrel sleeve 14 in the interior 7 be moved into, which is extended by a certain range, in which case the barrel sleeve 14 at the two ends z. B. is closed, then from the piston rod 25 emerges. Immediately at the end of the clamping head, which then forms the cylinder, so to speak, then the adjusting spindle can be 33 in one or the other direction by a socket wrench or the like screw to the clamping and opening angle range AB of the clamping part 9 change accordingly. Already in the apparent from the drawing embodiment, the toggle lever device builds extremely short, z. B. 50 to 350 mm, preferably 100 mm to 200 mm shorter than conventional toggle clamping devices for the same purpose and the same clamping performance. In the integration of the power drive 2 in the interior 7 of the clamping head 1 into it, a particularly compact and efficient construction can be achieved.

With the reference number 70 is a locking and locking device referred to, which in the present case consists of Kugelschnäppern, in corresponding recesses in the brake piston 35 engage and are under the restoring force of compression springs, so that when turning the adjusting spindle 33 after covering a corresponding angle range this locking and locking device 70 comes to effect and the adjusting spindle 33 blocked against unintentional adjustment. Instead, frictional or other means may be used. Furthermore, it is possible over the scope of the adjusting spindle 33 or the piston-shaped thickening 37 to provide a plurality of such ball catch, so that correspondingly sensitive adjustment movements are possible to the pivoting angle range of the clamping arm 9 and thus the stroke of the working piston 11 , along with a corresponding thread design of the adjusting spindle 33 , to change. The brake piston 35 serves via the adjusting spindle 33 at the same time the locking of the adjusting spindle 33 where both the working piston 11 as well as the brake piston 35 by their non-round execution ( 5 ) are secured against unintentional rotation. The adjusting spindle 33 is thus above the brake piston 35 also secured against twisting.

How out 7 it can be seen is the interrogator 60 with a side flange part 71 in a longitudinal groove 72 extending in the longitudinal axial direction of the piston rod, the one housing part 4 additionally secured, whereby the interrogator 60 in the longitudinal slot 62 a stable holder is given. The side flange part 71 and the longitudinal groove 72 can also be omitted in case of need.

With the coupling piece 27 is a sled 73 from in the longitudinal axial direction of the piston rod 25 approximately U-shaped cross-section or as a hollow bar. The sled 73 is with the coupling piece 27 integral, but detachable, connected by screws, rivets, gluing, or the like (not shown). In the U-shaped pouring 73 engages trained as Bedämpfungsstück switching flag 74 between the U-legs in direction E or F ( 7 ), that is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the piston rod 3 and thus between the U-thighs of the sled 73 , ready to move in. The switching flag 74 has materially integrally formed on diametrically opposite sides, z. B. strip-shaped, guide pieces 75 . 76 , which in corresponding diametrically opposite equally large guide grooves 77 . 78 with game ( 7 ), so that the switching flag 74 at the stroke of the piston rod 25 Is arranged easily slidable in the lifting direction in both sides. The clear distance between the top of the switching flag 74 and to be damped sections D and P of the interrogator 60 and thus the microprocessor is dimensioned so that over the entire hub a trouble-free query possibility and thus a good signal transmission is possible. If the toggle lever device in the otherwise existing dead center with arcuate sections 57 and 58 for the guide grooves 55 and 56 is provided, the switching flag leads 74 between the U-thighs of the carriage 73 a corresponding Ausgleichshubbewegung in the direction of E or F during the stroke of the switching flag 74 by, so that as far as possible a constant gap distance between the interrogator 60 on the one hand and the switch flag 74 on the other hand. This compensation stroke thus arises during the lifting movement by the sliding mobility of the switching flag 74 between the U-thighs of the carriage 73 automatically in an optimal way.

What the materials for the interrogator 60 and the integrated microprocessor and the electronic switching elements and the switching flag 74 As far as this is concerned, the materials commonly known from microswitches, microprocessors and the like are used for this purpose. How out 9 is apparent, is the interrogator 60 as a single block or component to handle and therefore easy to replace. It has the outer contour of the existing here outer boundary lines of the clamping head 1 so that the query device 60 also optically practically within the contours of the clamping head 1 dissolves.

Out 7 It can also be seen that the parts of the toggle joint arrangement 8th on the one hand and the axle 10 on the other hand via rolling bearings 79 respectively. 80 . 81 , Are mounted friction, in particular via needle bearings friction. This applies to all other unspecified axes, in particular for the toggle lever assembly, in just such a way. All bearings can be provided with emergency running properties, with a corresponding depot amount of lubricants, or be made of runflat owning bearing materials. at 82 and 83 are also designed as a thrust bearing bearings, especially needle roller bearings arranged.

So far in the application documents "toggle clamps" have been mentioned are, the scope also extends to as toggle lever jigs trained spot welding devices, which operate as toggle-type clamping devices, accordingly components, especially in the body shop, at the same time clamping and by spot welding with each other connect. The same embodiment can be applied to clinch devices and embossing devices, so the term "toggle clamps" in the broadest sense is to be understood as "clamping tools".

With the reference number 84 is an optionally controllable check valve referred to, via a line 85 Pressure medium, in particular compressed air, can be fed controlled. The control can be included in the sequence control for the entire movement sequence (pressurization of the working piston from one side or the other). The check valve 84 serves to keep the tensioner in the predetermined clamping position in the otherwise existing dead center, in particular at pressure medium failure, since the piston-like configuration by the arcuate sections 57 and 58 the guide grooves 55 . 56 no locking dead center more results. As long as pressure medium is present, the tensioner can not come loose. However, to be sure of pressure medium failure, the check valve locks 84 the outflow of pressure medium, in particular compressed air, from the working cylinder space 46 until it is over the line 85 wanted, so controlled, is acted upon with pressure medium, that it controls in the open position, so that then during the opening stroke (brake stroke) on the open check valve 84 and the throttle bore pressure fluid from the working cylinder space 46 can also escape.

1

clamping head

2

power drive

3

longitudinal axis

4

half

5

half

6

parting plane

7

inner space

8th

Toggle joint arrangement Toggle joint

9

Tensioning part, uniformly

10

Axis, fixed to the housing

11

working piston

12

poetry

13

inner wall

14

running sleeve

15

formation

16

formation

17

flange

18

19

bottom cover

20

poetry

21

inner space

22

inner space

23

Pressure medium connection

24

channel

25

piston rod

26

poetry

27

coupling

28

swivel axis

29

blind hole

30

Inner diameter

31

Inner diameter

32

inner thread

33

adjusting spindle

34

thread

35

brake pistons

36

gorget

37

Thickening, bulbous

38

Allen

39

sealing plug

40

brake chamber

41

poetry

42

throttle bore

43

poetry

44

axial

45

channel section

46

Working cylinder chamber

47

stop screw

48

recess annular

49

quick coupling

50

quick coupling

51

quick coupling

52

roller bearing

53

leadership

54

leadership

55

guide

56

guide

57

Section, arcuate, the guide groove 55

58

Section, arcuate, the guide groove 56

59

body

60

interrogator

61

outer contour

62

longitudinal slot

63

longitudinal slot

64

longitudinal slot

65

longitudinal slot

66

plug

67

flange

67a

screw

68

Area, with the length P for force curve

69

Area, with the axial length D for the opening stroke range

70

latching and locking device

71

Seitenflanschteil

72

longitudinal groove

73

carriage

74

Schaltfahne

75

guide piece

76

guide piece

77

guide

78

guide

79

roller bearing

80

roller bearing

81

roller bearing

82

roller bearing

83

roller bearing

84

check valve

85

management

A

Swing direction of the clamping arm 9 in tension position

B

Swing direction of the clamping arm 9 in open position

D

Damping length of the interrogator 60 in the opening area

P

Damping length of the interrogator 60 in the clamping area,

force curve

e

Stroke of the switching flag 74

F

Stroke of the switching flag 74

X

stroke direction the working piston and the piston rod

Y

stroke direction the working piston and the piston rod

bibliography

• DE 295 19 232 U1
• DE 298 11 331 U1
• DE 298 11 901 U1
• DE 297 13 944 U1
• DE 200 04 406 U1
• DE 201 02 184 U1
• DE 144 31 987 C1
• DE 42 42 601 A1
• DE 196 16 441 C1
• DE 198 24 579 C1
• DE 697 11 548 T2
• EP 0 778 107 A1
• EP 0 962 285 A2
• EP 1 262 285 A2
• GB 2 291 475 A
• Judge, Voss, Kozer: Components of Precision Mechanics p. 231, 232, 275, 276 Verlag Technik Berlin, 1954

Claims (55)

Toggle clamping device - also clamping tool such as spot welding device with toggle joint arrangement, or clinching tool with toggle joint arrangement or the like -, for use in the bodywork of the automotive industry, with a clamping head ( 1 ) formed housing part, a power drive associated with this ( 2 ), a clamping part, for example a clamping arm ( 9 ), or a welding device, or a clinching tool, reciprocates, with a sensor device ( 60 . 74 ) for detecting the respective position of the clamping part ( 9 ) or the like, wherein the sensor device ( 60 . 74 ) one of the power drive ( 2 ) relatively reciprocable switching flag ( 74 ), which is connected to at least one of the clamping head ( 1 ) or the like and designed as a total interchangeable unit formed electrical or electronic sensor part ( 60 ) cooperates, the sensor part ( 60 ) in the manner of a set or a cassette on the housing part ( 1 ) is arranged interchangeable, the sensor part ( 60 ) is designed to be adaptive, in which by one or more times driving a respective predetermined, selected clamping position this is stored and the sensor part ( 10 ) is included in a control, so that the selected clamping positions can be retrieved as often as desired. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor part ( 60 ) has a programmable memory for storing the clamping positions. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pro Programmable memory is a microprocessor, which stores these, possibly erasable by one or more times triggering a respective predetermined, selectable position. Knee lever clamping device according to one of the claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the memory except different positions, for example, pivot positions of a clamping arm ( 9 ) or the like, other variables, in particular wear on mobile mechanical parts, stores, and possibly after exceeding predetermined stored tolerances corresponding signals - acoustically and / or visually - triggers. Knee lever clamping device according to one of the claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that the sensor part ( 60 ) than in a recess of the housing part ( 1 ) arranged set is formed. Toggle clamping device, in particular for use in the bodywork of the automotive industry, with an alternating on both sides by pressure medium pressure, primarily pneumatic, acted upon piston-cylinder unit ( 2 ), with one on the inner wall ( 13 ) of the non-circular cylinder ( 2 ) longitudinally displaceable and sealing guided, with a piston rod ( 25 ), the inner wall ( 13 ) of the cylinder ( 2 ) adapted, likewise non-circular working piston ( 11 ) and with one on the piston rod ( 25 ) facing away from the working piston ( 11 ), in the same non-round cylinder ( 2 ) longitudinally displaceable and sealing guided, also the inner wall ( 13 ) adapted, non-round brake piston ( 35 ), which is equipped with an adjusting spindle ( 33 ), which is a bore of the working piston ( 11 ) penetrating into an internally threaded ( 32 ), into the piston rod ( 25 ) extending bore ( 29 ) for the purpose of changing the pivoting angle (AB) of the tensioning arm ( 9 ) is screwed, with one end to the cylinder ( 2 ) arranged ground cover ( 19 ), which optionally has a pressure-tight sealable and from the outside with a tool by cross-opening, with which the adjusting spindle ( 33 ) in one or the other direction about its longitudinal axis ( 3 ) is rotatable with an over the tool when turning the adjusting spindle ( 33 ) surmountable locking device ( 70 ) between brake pistons ( 35 ) and adjusting spindle ( 33 ), and with a diameter considerably smaller, towards the bottom cover ( 19 ) outstanding piston-shaped thickening ( 37 ), which are in one in the bottom cover ( 19 ) provided chamber ( 40 ) of a predeterminable end-side stroke of the brake piston ( 35 ) immersed in sealed. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 6, characterized by a connectable to the pressure medium supply channel in the bottom cover ( 19 ), which via an axial channel ( 44 ) the piston-shaped thickening ( 37 ) and the adjusting spindle ( 33 ) penetrates and into one between working piston ( 11 ) and brake pistons ( 35 ) existing working cylinder space ( 46 ) and a throttle bore ( 42 ), which are connected to the between the bottom cover ( 19 ) and the brake piston ( 35 ) existing interior ( 21 ) and to the canal ( 24 ) connected. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 6 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the locking between brake piston ( 35 ) and adjusting spindle ( 33 ) is designed as a frictional connection. Knee lever clamping device according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the locking between the brake piston ( 35 ) and adjusting spindle ( 33 ) Is designed as a positive connection, which is under pressure spring force. Knee lever clamping device according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the locking between the brake piston ( 35 ) and adjusting spindle ( 33 ) consists of one or more or a plurality of evenly distributed over the circumference Kugelschnäppern after rotation of the adjusting spindle ( 33 ) at a certain angular range the brake piston ( 35 ) relative to the adjusting spindle ( 33 ) on the one hand, on the other hand, when a certain torque is exceeded by a tool with which the adjustment spindle is to be adjusted, can be disengaged. Toggle clamping device according to claim 6 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that in the piston rod ( 25 ) extending bore ( 29 ) is formed as a blind bore, which over a certain axial length section with the internal thread ( 32 ) and different inner diameters ( 30 . 31 ) having. Toggle clamping device according to claim 6 or one of the subsequent claims, wherein the piston rod ( 25 ) with the toggle joint arrangement ( 8th ) via a coupling piece, in particular in the form of a fork piece ( 27 ) and a joint, is coupled, characterized in that the adjusting spindle ( 33 ) a fuse element ( 47 ), the complete unscrewing from the bore ( 29 ) of the piston rod ( 25 ) prevented. Toggle clamping device according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, with a housing ( 45 ) and a cylinder ( 2 ) for a pressure acting on both sides alternately by pressure medium working piston ( 11 ), who has one Piston rod ( 25 ) and at least one coupling pin, at least one tab or the like as well as a toggle joint arrangement ( 8th ) and a toggle joint pin with a workpiece clamping arm ( 9 ) is pivotally coupled, which on one in the housing ( 4 . 5 ) immovable, but rotatably mounted axis ( 10 ) is pivotally mounted, wherein in the axial direction of the piston rod ( 25 ) in which of the piston rod ( 25 ) interspersed housing ( 4 . 5 ) parallel to each other guide grooves ( 55 . 56 ) for optionally indirectly guiding the piston rod ( 25 ) and / or the toggle joint ( 8th ) are arranged and the opposite guide walls of the guide grooves ( 55 . 56 ) for the toggle joint ( 8th ) after only one radius or after a plurality of radii, which merge without skip, are arranged curved towards one side of the piston rod longitudinal axis (57, 58), such that with the workpiece clamping arm ( 9 ) over a predetermined pivoting range of the Werkstückspannarms ( 9 ) without achieving a dead center, an equal or approximately constant clamping force on the clamping arm ( 9 ) is achievable. Toggle clamping device according to Claim 6 or one of Claims 7 to 12, having a housing ( 4 . 5 ), a cylinder ( 2 ) for a pressure medium pressure alternately acted upon on both sides working piston ( 11 ), which via a piston rod ( 25 ) at least one coupling pin, at least one tab or the like via a toggle joint arrangement ( 8th ) and a toggle joint pin with a workpiece clamping arm ( 9 ) is pivotally coupled, which on one in the housing ( 4 . 5 ) stationary, but rotatably mounted axis ( 10 ) is pivotally mounted, wherein in the axial direction of the piston rod ( 25 ) in which of the piston rod ( 25 ) interspersed housing ( 4 . 5 ) parallel to each other guide grooves ( 55 . 56 ) for optionally indirectly guiding the piston rod ( 25 ) and / or the toggle joint ( 8th ) are arranged, wherein the opposite guide walls of the guide grooves ( 55 . 56 ) on her the leadership of the toggle joint ( 8th ) serving length portion on one side of the longitudinal axis of the piston rod ( 25 ) is bounded in each case by a family of curves, which merges into each other as hopelessly as possible in such a way that with the workpiece clamping arm ( 9 ) over a predetermined pivoting range (AB) of the Werkstückspannarmes ( 9 ) without achieving a dead center, an equal or approximately constant clamping force on the clamping arm ( 9 ) is achievable. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that both the coupling pin and the toggle joint pin via at least one pair of guide rollers ( 53 . 54 ) in the guide grooves ( 55 . 56 ) is guided, and that the guide grooves ( 55 . 56 ) consist respectively of two longitudinal sections merging into each other without any jumps, wherein the one section is rectilinear and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston rod (FIG. 25 ), while the other length section extends from the piston rod ( 25 ) directed curved section ( 57 . 58 ) of the guide grooves ( 55 . 56 ) and that the guide rollers ( 53 . 54 ) are guided for the toggle joint pin only in the rectilinear portion, while the guide rollers ( 53 . 54 ) of the toggle joint ( 8th ) are guided over a certain stroke in a curved section, but during the open pivoting of the Werkstückspannarmes ( 9 ) are preferably also guided by the guide walls of the rectilinear portion. Toggle clamping device according to claim 13 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the common center of the radii of the guide walls of the curved portion ( 57 . 58 ) on a straight imaginary line between the pivot center of the axis ( 10 ) and the pivot center of the Werkstückspannarmschwenkbolzens over which the toggle lever flap assembly ( 8th ) is pivotally coupled to the toggle joint pin. Toggle clamping device according to claim 13 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the curved sections ( 57 . 58 ) a body consisting of a wearable workpiece ( 59 ) is associated, which has the waveform and in at least one recess at least one wall of the clamping head ( 1 ) is arranged. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 17, characterized in that the body ( 59 ) made of hardened steel. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 17, characterized in that the body ( 59 ) consists of a ceramic material. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 17, characterized in that the body ( 59 ) consists of armored steel. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 17, characterized in that the body ( 59 ) consists of tungsten carbide. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 17, characterized in that the body ( 59 ) of a highly wear-resistant plastic, optionally with particles of wear-resistant material, in particular of ceramic particles or of tungsten carbides, or of steel particles exists. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 6 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the device on the front and on the back and at the knee joint ( 8th ) facing away from each end with a quick coupling ( 49 . 50 . 51 ) with z. B. dovetail-shaped arrangements is provided, via which the toggle lever clamping device in the respective desired position is to be arranged in a form-fitting manner in the relevant manufacturing plant or the like. Knee lever tensioning device according to one of claims 6 to 23, characterized in that the toggle joint arrangement ( 8th ) in a clamping head ( 1 ) trained space ( 7 ) is arranged encapsulated, to which the piston-cylinder unit ( 2 ) in the axial direction, such that the piston-cylinder unit ( 2 ) and the clamping head ( 1 ) are componentally united, such that the clamping head ( 1 ) at the same time the housing for the piston-cylinder unit ( 2 ). Knee lever clamping device according to claim 24, characterized in that the unitary housing forming housing of two housing shells ( 4 . 5 ), preferably in a parting plane ( 6 ) are flat and sealed as possible on each other and both the space ( 7 ) for the toggle joint assembly ( 8th ) as well as the space for the piston-cylinder unit ( 2 ) enclose. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that between the housing parts ( 4 . 5 ), which the uniform component for the clamping head ( 1 ) and the piston-cylinder unit ( 2 ) form, designed as a cylinder sleeve non-circular barrel sleeve ( 14 ) is arranged, in which the working piston ( 11 ) and the brake piston ( 35 ) are arranged, and that the barrel sleeve ( 14 ) Is enclosed by the housing parts and axially and radially lockable. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 26, characterized in that the housing parts ( 4 . 5 ) from two in the direction of the longitudinal axis ( 3 ) divided bodies, in particular of halves, which lie close together with flanges and by fastening means (screws, pins, bolts, gluing or the like), in particular dust and dirt-tight, are interconnected. Toggle clamping device according to claim 24 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that in the space ( 7 ), in which the toggle joint arrangement ( 8th ) is arranged, at the same time the barrel sleeve ( 14 ) for the working piston ( 11 ) and the brake piston ( 35 ) is arranged, and that the toggle lever assembly ( 8th ) on one end face of the barrel sleeve ( 14 ) pressure-tightly sealed in the common space ( 7 ) for the toggle joint assembly ( 8th ) and the barrel sleeve ( 14 ) is located. Toggle clamping device, in particular for use in the bodywork of the automotive industry, with a piston rod ( 25 ) alternately on both sides by pressure medium pressure, primarily pneumatic, acted upon piston-cylinder unit ( 2 ), with one in a non-round cylinder ( 2 ) longitudinally displaceable and sealing guided, with the piston rod ( 25 ), the inner wall ( 13 ) of the cylinder ( 2 ) adapted, likewise non-circular working piston ( 11 ) and with one on the piston rod ( 25 ) facing away from the working piston ( 11 ), in the same non-round cylinder ( 2 ) longitudinally displaceable and sealing guided, also the inner wall ( 13 ) adapted, non-round brake piston ( 35 ), which is equipped with an adjusting spindle ( 33 ), which is a bore of the working piston ( 11 ) penetrating into an internally threaded ( 32 ), into the piston rod ( 25 ) extending bore ( 29 ) for the purpose of changing the pivoting angle (AB) of the tensioning arm ( 9 ) is screwed, with one end to the cylinder ( 2 ) arranged ground cover ( 19 ), which optionally has a pressure-tight sealable and from the outside with a tool by cross-opening, with which the adjusting spindle ( 33 ) in one or the other direction about its longitudinal axis ( 3 ) is rotatable with an over the tool when turning the adjusting spindle ( 33 ) releasable locking device ( 70 ) between brake pistons ( 35 ) and adjusting spindle ( 33 ), with an interrogator ( 60 ) for the swivel angle (AB) or the position of the working piston ( 11 ) in a room ( 7 ) for the toggle joint assembly ( 8th ), the interrogator ( 60 ) as a total interchangeable component in the region of a in the axial direction of the piston rod ( 25 ) extending longitudinal slot ( 62 ) of the housing ( 4 . 5 ) and fastened here in a suitable manner, wherein the interrogation device ( 60 ) a linear query with an integrated microprocessor as a path measuring system with a low resolution of z. B. ± 1 mm, with the following procedures: a) clamping arm setting for setting the basic setting of the closed clamping arm b) learning phase for adjusting the system to the respective application c) operating phase d) trend detection for determining changes. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 29, characterized in that the integrated microprocessor in the interrogator ( 60 ) takes into account the clamping cycles, cycle times and other analyzes and criteria and stores them electronically if necessary. Toggle clamping device according to claim 29 or one of the subsequent claims, as characterized in that the interrogator ( 60 ) the longitudinal slot ( 62 ) closes as far as possible to the outside and on the back of the knee lever tensioning device in the region of the toggle joint ( 8th ) receiving space ( 7 ) is arranged. Toggle clamping device according to claim 29 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the interrogating device ( 60 ) with its outer contour the contour of the housing ( 4 . 5 ) is adapted such that the outer contour, in particular to the front end of the toggle lever clamping device without any jump in the same plane with the housing shells ( 4 . 5 ), the housing for receiving the toggle lever assembly ( 8th ) form, runs. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 29 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the clamping head ( 1 ) in the region of the slot on at least one side with a in the direction of the longitudinal axis ( 3 ) of the piston rod ( 25 ) extending side flange slot is provided in the one with the interrogator ( 60 ) arranged strip-like portion of the interrogator ( 60 ) is positively connected or approximately positively connected. Toggle clamping device according to claim 29 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the interrogating device ( 60 ) in the longitudinal axial direction of the piston rod ( 25 ) extending measuring range ( 68 ) for the area of the "force curve" and a measuring area extending in the same direction ( 69 ) "Opening", and that the piston rod ( 25 ) with a switching flag ( 74 ) these measuring ranges ( 68 . 69 ) sweeps over in their stroke movement Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 34, characterized characterized in that the switching flag is made of St37. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 29 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that at a measurement accuracy of +/- 1 mm error signals output when the value exceeds +/- 2 mm. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 29 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the clamping position 0 ° (90 °) and the open position maximum 135 °. Toggle clamping device according to claim 29 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the blinking frequency in the arrangement of diodes for displaying switching signals of the interrogation device ( 60 ) Is 2 Hz. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 29 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that predetermined, in the microprocessor learned points (measuring ranges), z. B. clamping position, open position and wear, through different colored LEDs are displayed. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 29 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the learning range is 3 mm to 7 mm. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 6 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that in the stroke direction of the working piston ( 11 ) measured wall thickness of the brake piston ( 35 ) only a small fraction of the thickness of the measured in this direction thickness of the working piston ( 11 ) is. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the stroke direction of the working piston ( 11 ) measured wall thickness of the brake piston ( 35 ) only about 5% to 50%, preferably about 10% to 20%, of the wall thickness of the working piston measured in this direction ( 11 ) is. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 6 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the brake piston ( 35 ) compared to the working piston ( 11 ) is disc-shaped. Toggle clamping device according to claim 6 or one of the subsequent claims with an interrogation device ( 60 ), which are in a slot-shaped recess in the region of the clamping head ( 1 ) is arranged to occlude, wherein the recess either as a longitudinal slot ( 62 ) or at a different angle for receiving the interrogation device ( 60 ) is arranged, with a switching flag ( 74 ), which with a coupling piece ( 27 ) of the piston rod ( 25 ) is integrally connected and in the stroke direction of the piston rod (X or Y) with the piston rod ( 25 ) is movable, wherein the switching flag ( 74 ) consists of two liftable mutually adjustable parts, such that the switching flag ( 74 ) a sledge ( 73 ), which with the coupling piece ( 27 ) of the piston rod ( 25 ) and the carriage ( 73 ) a damping part ( 74 ) which, with respect to the carriage ( 73 ) by a limited amount transverse to the longitudinal axis ( 3 ) of the piston rod ( 25 ) is movably arranged. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 44, characterized in that the carriage ( 73 ) in one through the longitudinal axis ( 3 ) of the piston rod ( 25 ) Guided longitudinal slot is designed roughly large U-shaped and between his U-legs Switch flag ( 74 ) stored in a liftable manner. Knee lever clamping device according to claim 44 or 45, characterized in that the damping part ( 74 ) on diametrically opposite sides guide pieces ( 75 respectively. 76 ), which in itself in Längsachsrichtung ( 3 ) of the piston rod ( 25 ), on the housing parts ( 4 . 5 ) distributed guide grooves ( 77 respectively. 78 ) are positively guided longitudinally displaceable. Toggle clamping device according to claim 29 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the interrogating device ( 60 ) a transversely extending to its longitudinal axis mounting flange ( 67 ) having the interrogator ( 60 ) projected on both sides and in its central region a plug or a plug device ( 66 ) for connecting to an electronic cable for remote interrogation of the respective positions to be displayed, wherein the flange ( 67 ) at least one through hole for arranging a screw ( 27a ) owns. Toggle clamping device according to claim 6 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that all axes and bolts of the toggle joint ( 8th ) including the housing-fixed axis ( 10 ) in rolling bearings, in particular needle bearings ( 52 . 79 . 80 . 81 . 82 . 83 ) are stored with low friction. Toggle clamping device according to claim 6 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the housing shells ( 4 . 5 ) consist of an aluminum alloy. Toggle clamping device according to claim 6 or a the subsequent claims, characterized in that each with pressure medium to acting cylinder over a controlled check valve outward towards the discharge line is secured. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 50, characterized characterized in that the control lines in the cylinder wall are arranged. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 4, characterized characterized in that programming via an external computer he follows. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 4, characterized characterized in that the programming is done via a PC. Knee lever tensioning device according to claim 4, characterized characterized in that the programming of a central control unit out for preferably numerous toggle clamps or the like he follows. Toggle clamping device according to claim 4, characterized in that the programmable memory at one of the parts of the sensor device ( 60 . 74 ) is arranged interchangeably.