DE10105637A1 - Parking lock has main actuation lever via which spring storage device, actuating drive and locking device are connected to or can be brought into interaction with actuating element - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has an actuator with a parking lock actuating element, a spring storage device for activating the parking lock, a controllable actuator drive for deactivating the parking lock and a device for locking the parking lock in the deactivated state. The actuating drive has a main actuation lever via which the spring storage device, actuating drive and locking device are connected to or can be made to interact with the actuating element. The device has an actuator (1) with an actuating element (2) for actuating a parking lock, a spring storage device (3) for activating the parking lock, a controllable actuator drive (4) for deactivating the parking lock and a locking device (5) for locking the parking lock in the deactivated state. The actuating drive is electromechanical with a main actuation lever (7) via which the spring storage device, the actuating drive and the locking device are connected to or can be brought into interaction with the actuating element.

Description

The invention relates to a parking lock device, in particular for one with a Automated controllable transmission provided motor vehicle, with a Actuating device which has an actuating element for actuating a parking lock, a spring mechanism to activate the parking lock, a controllable actuator for Deactivation of the parking lock, and a locking device for locking the parking lock includes in the deactivated state.

Parking locks are in motor vehicles, especially in connection with automatic ones Driven, known for a long time. Here, the parking lock, which is usually an im Drive train of the motor vehicle, e.g. B. arranged on a transmission output shaft Parking lock wheel and a locking member engageable with this, in the Parking position P of the selector lever or another control element inserted, the actuation of the parking lock active, e.g. B. by means of an electromechanical or hydraulic auxiliary drive, or passive, e.g. B. by means of a biased Spring accumulator, can be done.

For example, DE 44 22 257 C1 describes a gear selection device for a automatic motor vehicle transmission known in which the speed levels P, R, N, D corresponding position of a selector lever can be detected and sent to a control unit is communicable. An assigned selector slide (hydraulic speed selector valve) is connected to an electric motor via a spindle gearbox, which is used for switching the selected speed level can be controlled by the control unit. During the speed steps R, N, D can only be switched via the electric motor, can be assigned to the parking lock selected speed level P (parking position of the selector lever) in addition to electromechanical actuation also by a mechanically unlockable Spring loaded can be inserted, which means that the parking lock is also inserted currentless electric motor is possible. On a complex post-energization control, the z. B. with a premature interruption of the ignition circuit by the driver  would still allow the parking lock to be inserted by the electric motor therefore be dispensed with. Due to the coupling of the parking lock actuation with the Actuation of the gear stage shift of the transmission is the known one Gear selection device only applicable to automatic transmissions.

In contrast, a parking lock is proposed in DE 189 34 156 A1, which largely independent of the gear shift of an assigned automatic transmission is. To activate the parking lock, a pawl is pretensioned Spring storage can be locked into a parking lock wheel and to deactivate the parking lock can be disengaged using hydraulic pressure. To maintain the disabled The state of the parking lock without hydraulic pressure is one by means of a Electromagnet-operated locking device is provided. Disadvantage of this Parking lock is the required hydraulic supply that can be used as a so-called "add-on" solution, e.g. B. to equip an automatic transmission with a electrical shift transmission ("shift-by-wire"), difficult.

Finally, DE 198 20 920 A1 describes a parking lock device for a automatic motor vehicle transmission described, in which the parking lock also can be activated by means of a preloaded spring accumulator and by means of a hydraulic one Actuator can be deactivated, the spring accumulator and the hydraulic Actuator form a structural unit and an actuating lever with the locking member are connected. In this case the is to maintain the deactivated state Parking lock without hydraulic pressure, which can be actuated by means of an electromagnet Locking device is provided, the one with an extension of the control lever in Has engaging intermediate lever.

Automatically controllable due to the increasing spread of different types There is a need for transmissions, in particular for automated multi-step transmissions (ASG) on a parking lock device that is universal, d. H. regardless of the design of the used transmission, can be used, and which, in particular for use as an "add- on "solution without hydraulic power supply.

The problem thus arises of a generic parking lock device of this type to further develop that a simple structure while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned and reliable functioning of the parking lock is given.  

The problem is inventively in connection with the preamble of the claim 1 solved in that the actuator is electromechanically effective, and that a main operating lever is provided, via which the spring accumulator, the Actuator, and the locking device are connected to the actuating element or can be brought into operative connection.

Advantageous embodiments of the parking lock device according to the invention are in the Claims 2 to 28 specified.

The generic parking lock device is particularly for one with a Automated controllable transmission provided motor vehicle and has a Actuating device, which has an actuating element for actuating a parking lock, a spring mechanism to activate the parking lock, a controllable actuator for Deactivation of the parking lock, and a locking device for locking the parking lock includes in the deactivated state. Due to the electromechanical training of the Actuator results from the delay-free response behavior of electric drives good controllability and by avoiding hydraulic Auxiliary energy a simple integration of the parking lock device into existing Gear concepts, e.g. B. when switching from an originally manually switchable Multi-step gearbox on automated operation. By using a Main operating lever, via which the spring accumulator, the actuator, and the The locking device is connected to the actuating element of the parking lock or can be brought into operative connection, the construction of the parking lock device is relatively simple and clear. Under the sole action of the spring accumulator Main operating lever starting from a neutral position into a locked position rotated, in which the associated parking lock closed by the actuating element becomes. By switching on the actuator, the main operating lever is against the Restoring force of the spring accumulator turned back to the neutral position and thus the Parking lock released by pulling back the actuator. In the The main operating lever can be locked in neutral position using the locking device be so that the actuator immediately or after returning to the Starting position can be switched off. Because of the initiation of the active forces or the effects of the spring accumulator, the actuator and the locking device The power sources are automatically coordinated in the main operating lever so that  Malfunctions, in particular an unwanted blocking of the parking lock device, are largely excluded.

To monitor the operating state of the parking lock device, it is advantageous if at least one sensor for determining the position of the main operating lever is provided. The sensor can be designed to be inductive or optically effective and so arranged in the range of motion of a lever arm of the main operating lever be that the current position of the main operating lever, which for the Operating state of the parking lock is representative, can be determined. So z. B. at one Release the parking lock using the actuator based on the position of the Main operating lever recognizable if and when the locking device is activated and the Actuator can be switched off or returned to its starting position.

The actuator can be designed as an electric motor and to reduce the Current consumption be provided with a reduction gear. These are a relatively inexpensive and easily controllable drive.

The reduction gear can be designed as a gear transmission, the Active connection with the actuating element advantageously by means of an output side connected to the gear transmission and effective on the main operating lever Eccentric cam can be produced.

Alternatively, however, is a design of the reduction gear as Spindle gear possible, in which case the operative connection with the actuating element Advantageously by means of an output side connected to the spindle gear and on the Main operating lever effective plunger can be produced. The reduction of the Rotary movement of the actuator then results from the thread pitch of the Spindle gear.

When the main operating lever for releasing the parking lock reaches the neutral position has and is locked with the help of the locking device, the actuator to enable a quick reinsertion of the parking lock into its starting position be pulled back and parked. Then reinsert the parking lock after releasing the locking device unhindered by the actuator and thus possible without delay due to the action of the spring mechanism. However, it is  particularly advantageous if the actuator moves back into its Starting position takes place automatically by means of a tensionable return spring, which at Release the parking lock tensioned and when returning to the starting position is relaxed. The control of the actuator is simplified, since a Reversing the direction of rotation of the actuator is no longer required.

With output side, d. H. the reduction gear downstream arrangement of Return spring can be designed as an axial spring and advantageously has a high Spring stiffness to provide a sufficiently large restoring force for a given axial travel to provide. The correspondingly designed return spring saves space preferably coaxial to the spindle gear and between an axially movable component the spindle gear and a housing-fixed component effectively arranged.

The design of the axial spring is a disc spring or a package of several disc springs, which can be arranged, for example, in the form of a disc spring column, in question. Alternatively, the axial spring can be designed as a helical spring or as one Group of several coil springs possible, the latter coaxial with each other and to the spindle gear or can be arranged in a circle around the spindle gear. The respective components with which the axial spring is operatively connected come for example, a threaded bushing of the spindle gear as an axially movable component and a spring dome connected to a housing wall as a housing-fixed component in Question.

In the drive side, d. H. upstream of the reduction gear arrangement of Return spring is advantageous as a torsion spring with low spring stiffness trained because in this case to reset the actuator according to the Reduction ratio of the reduction gear lower torque is required. To save space, the return spring is advantageously coaxial with the Electric motor and between a rotatable component of the electric motor and one housing-fixed component effectively arranged, being a practical version directly connected to a drive shaft of the electric motor Coil spring comes into question.

If the reduction ratio of the reduction gear is not sufficient by one relatively low torque electric motor with low power consumption for the  To be able to use the actuator can increase the reduction between the An intermediate gear can be provided for the electric motor and the spindle gear. This is true especially for the design of the reduction gear as a spindle gear, its achievable reduction ratio through the minimum that can be produced Thread pitch of the spindle gear is limited.

The intermediate gear can be space-saving and designed as a planetary gear the electric motor can be combined to form a drive unit.

The spring accumulator is preferably designed as a leg spring and coaxial with that Main operating lever and with a spring arm on a lever arm of the Main operating lever arranged effectively. Such training and arrangement the spring accumulator has the advantage of a high spring actuating torque combined with a small footprint.

The locking device is advantageously designed to be electromechanically effective to ensure good response behavior combined with high operational reliability.

For this purpose, the locking device can be an electromagnet and with it in Connected locking element include, the locking element by a Activation of the electromagnet can be brought into a blocking position in which the Main control lever in a position corresponding to the released parking lock can be locked. The electromagnet enables a relatively large one to be activated quickly Positioning force, so that the locking element is quickly brought into the desired locking position can be.

The locking element can be space-saving as a rotatably mounted angle lever be and to lock the main operating lever a locking lug with a Have contact surface that with a contact surface of a locking arm of the Main operating lever corresponds.

In addition, an effective on the angle lever spring element for Support of the holding force of the electromagnet can be provided.  

It is particularly advantageous if the locking arm of the main operating lever and the locking lug of the angle lever and the spring stiffness of the spring element in such a way are dimensioned so that the locking of the main operating lever when de-energized switched electromagnet can be released by the active torque of the spring accumulator, d. H. the locking of the opened parking lock in a simple manner by switching off the power supply of the electromagnet is lifted and the parking lock is underneath the effect of the spring accumulator can be inserted.

In an alternative arrangement, the locking element can be designed as a radial to the axis of rotation of the Main actuating lever slidably mounted locking pin, and the Main operating lever one recess and the locking pin one with the recess have corresponding tip for locking the main operating lever.

It is to reduce the required actuating and holding forces of the electromagnet advantageous if a locking bolt connected to the electromagnet for Movement and locking of the locking bolt is provided, and the locking bolt is arranged at right angles to the axis of movement of the locking bolt and Via a ramp-shaped active surface with the locking bolt in operative connection stands. By shifting the spear bolt, the locking bolt is in contact by Area of the ramp is axially displaceable while being in contact on a flat surface Area can be locked with a small actuating force due to the right-angled arrangement.

To reduce the friction between the locking bolt, an associated guide and the locking bolt, the locking bolt, for. B. with the help of rolling elements, low friction be stored, and the locking pin at least one rolling element, for example a rotatably mounted ball or a corresponding roller, as a contact element for Have effective area of the spear bar.

To release the inserted parking lock when the vehicle engine is switched off or at To enable a malfunction, it makes sense to use a manually operated To provide an emergency release device. An emergency release of the parking lock is e.g. B. for towing the motor vehicle in question with the drive motor turned off and a transport of the motor vehicle in a car wash, also with parked Traction motor, makes sense.  

The emergency release device can be used as a drive shaft of the actuator connected component with a key contour for the attachment of a turning tool be trained. The key contour can be designed, for example, as a hexagon be so that a corresponding wrench to solve the parking lock can be used.

However, one on one is much more effective than an emergency release device Lever arm of the main operating lever effective screwing device, which is advantageous has self-locking thread, because in this case the actuator to solve the Parking lock does not have to be rotated and no additional precautions Locking the released parking lock are required.

An emergency release device is also particularly convenient and effective as an actuatable from the driver's cab and on a lever arm of the Main operating lever effective cable pull device is formed.

This emergency release device is advantageous in one of the released parking locks appropriate position lockable, for which the cable pull device advantageous has a non-rotatably guided pull handle in a guide sleeve, which in the corresponding drawn position rotatable outside the guide sleeve for locking and be designed and arranged to be supported in a detent of the guide sleeve can. For confusion-free recognizability of those locked in the open state Parking lock should be designed and arranged so that the Handle rotated 90 degrees around the longitudinal axis of the cable in the detent Guide sleeve is mounted.

Further details of the invention emerge from the following detailed Description and the accompanying drawings, which serve as examples to explain the Actuate the parking lock device according to the invention.

To do this, each in schematic form:

Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the parking lock device according to the invention,

Fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the parking lock device according to the invention,

Fig. 3 is a detail view of the alternative parking lock device in a sectional view III-III according to Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 is a parking lock device of FIG. 1 assignable alternative emergency release device,

Fig. 5 is a detail view of the alternative emergency release device in a sectional view VV of Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of an actuator of the parking lock device according to Fig. 2,

Fig. 7 is an axial side view VII-VII of the actuator of Fig. 6, and

Fig. 8 is an axial sectional view VIII-VIII of the actuator according to Fig. 6.

The parking lock device shown in Fig. 1 has an actuating device 1 , which has an actuating element 2 for actuating a parking lock, not shown, a spring accumulator 3 for activating the parking lock, a controllable actuator 4 for deactivating the parking lock, and a locking device 5 for locking the parking lock in deactivated state. There is a main actuating lever 7 rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation 6 , via which the spring accumulator 3 , the actuator 4 , and the locking device 5 are connected to the actuating element 2 or can be brought into operative connection with the latter. For this purpose, the actuating element 2 is articulated to an actuating arm 8 of the main actuating lever 7 . The spring accumulator 3 is designed as a leg spring, arranged coaxially with the main actuation lever 7 , and is connected via a first spring arm 9 to a lever arm 10 of the main actuation lever 7 , while a second spring arm 11 of the spring accumulator 3 is used to support what can be generated by prestressing the spring accumulator 3 and on the main actuating lever 7 effective spring torque 12 is mounted on a fixed housing component 13 . The actuator 4 is electromechanical and consists of an electric motor 14 and a reduction gear 15 connected to it . The reduction gear 15 is designed as a gear transmission and comprises a drive pinion 16 and a ring gear 17 which engages with it. By means of an eccentric cam 18 connected to the ring gear 17 , which can be brought into contact with an active surface 20 of the lever arm 10 of the main operating lever 7 by a counterclockwise rotation 19 , an active connection can be established with the operating element 2 . The locking device 5 is also designed to be electromechanically effective and comprises an electromagnet 21 and a locking element 22 which is designed as an angle lever 24 which is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation 23 . The main operating lever 7 has a locking arm 25 with a contact surface 26 and the angle lever 24 has a locking lug 27 with a corresponding contact surface 28 for locking the main operating lever 7 .

The actuating element 2 and the main actuating lever 7 are in the position shown in each case with solid lines in positions which correspond to the released parking lock and are referred to below as initial or neutral positions. In the other positions, which correspond to the closed or engaged parking lock, the actuating element 2 and the main actuating lever 7 are shown in dashed lines.

Under the sole action of the spring torque 12 of the spring accumulator 3 , the main actuating lever 7 is turned clockwise 29 and the actuating element 2 is thus displaced in the direction 30 of the closed position, as a result of which the associated parking lock is engaged. To the opening of the parking brake, the actuator 4 is driven such, the eccentric cam that 18 counterclockwise 19 rotates and the main operating lever 7 is rotated by the interaction of the eccentric cam 18 to the lever arm 10 against the restoring force or the spring torque 12 of the spring accumulator 3 in the counterclockwise direction 31 and the actuating element 2 is correspondingly pulled back into the starting position. In the neutral position it is provided to lock the main operating lever 7 with the aid of the locking device 5 , which is done by switching on the electromagnet 21 . As a result, the angle lever 24 is rotated clockwise 32 , whereby the locking lug 27 with its contact surface 28 comes into engagement with the contact surface 26 of the locking arm 25 and an unintentional turning back of the main operating lever 7 , combined with a reinsertion of the parking lock, can be prevented. After activation of the locking device 5 , the eccentric cam 18 is moved back into the illustrated starting position by reversing the direction of rotation of the electric motor 14 , which enables the parking lock to be reinserted quickly. The electric motor 14 is switched off after reaching the starting position of the eccentric cam 18 . To control such functional sequences, a sensor 33 is provided, which in the present case is arranged such that the position of the main actuating lever 7 can be determined by sensing the position of the lever arm 10 and the position of the actuator 4 by sensing the position of the eccentric cam 18 .

The locking device 5 has a spring element 34 which acts on the angle lever 24 to support the holding force of the electromagnet 21 . In addition, the locking arm 25 of the main operating lever 7 and the locking lug 27 of the angle lever 24 and the spring stiffness of the spring element 34 are coordinated with one another such that the locking of the main operating lever 7 when the electromagnet 21 is switched off can be released solely by the spring torque 12 of the spring accumulator 3 , that is to say that The parking lock can be inserted without delay.

In order to also enable movement of the motor vehicle in question when the traction motor is switched off and the electrical vehicle electrical system is switched off, a manually operated emergency release device 35 is provided. In the present case, the emergency unlocking device 35 is designed as a screwing device 37 which is effective on a lever arm 36 of the main operating lever 7 and which has a self-locking thread 38 to avoid an additional device for locking the released parking lock.

The electromechanical design of the actuator 4 and the locking device 5 results in good controllability owing to the instantaneous response behavior of electric drives and the simple integration of the parking lock device into existing transmission concepts by avoiding hydraulic auxiliary energy. The use of a reduction gear 15 in the actuator 4 and a supporting spring element 34 in the locking device 5 results in a low power or current consumption of the drives in question. Due to the simple structure of the actuating device 1, there are clear interrelationships between the forces or torques of the spring accumulator 3 , the actuator 4 , and the locking device 5 , which interact with one another in a coordinated manner via the main actuating lever 7 . Accordingly, the parking lock device is easy to control and malfunctions are largely excluded.

The parking lock device shown in FIG. 2 has an actuating device 1 'which largely corresponds in its mode of operation and in many design features to the actuating device 1 according to FIG. 1. The following description of the actuating device 1 'is therefore essentially limited to the differences from the previously described actuating device 1 .

Also the actuating device 1 'has a about a rotational axis 6' is rotatably mounted main operating lever 7 'through which the spring 3, an actuator 4', and a locking device 5 'with the articulated to an operating arm 8' of the main operating lever 7 'mounted actuating element 2 are connected or can be brought into operative connection with it. The spring accumulator 3 , which is designed as a leg spring, is arranged coaxially with the main actuation lever 7 'and is connected via the first spring arm 9 to a lever arm 10 ' of the main actuation lever 7 ', while the second spring arm 11 for supporting the effective spring torque 12 on a stationary housing component 13 '. is stored. The actuator 4 'is electromechanical and consists of an electric motor 14 ' and a reduction gear 15 'connected to it. The reduction gear 15 'is designed as a spindle gear and comprises a rotating spindle 40 connected to the drive shaft 39 of the electric motor 14 ' and a threaded bushing 41 which engages with it and which has a non-self-locking thread. By means of the electric motor 14 'producible longitudinal movement 42 which is designed as plunger threaded bushing 41 is a follower surface 43 having an operative surface 44 of the lever arm 10' of the main operating lever 7 'brought into contact and the main operating lever 7' at a continuation of the longitudinal movement 42 in the counterclockwise direction 45 against the action of the spring torque 12 of the spring accumulator 3, it can be rotated into a position which is shown in FIG. 2 and in which the actuating element 2 is in a position corresponding to the released parking lock.

In this neutral position, the main operating lever 7 'can be locked by means of the locking device 5 ', which in turn is designed to be electromechanically effective and has an electromagnet 21 ', a locking bolt 46 and a locking element 22 '. The locking element 22 'is designed as a locking bolt 48 which is mounted so as to be radially displaceable with respect to the axis of rotation 6 ' of the main operating lever 7 ', and the main operating lever 7 ' has a recess 49 which, for locking the main operating lever 7 ', corresponds to a tip 50 of the locking bolt 48 Edge 51 is provided. The locking bolt 46 is displaceable at right angles to the axis of movement 47 of the locking bolt 48 and is connected to the locking bolt 48 via a ramp-shaped active surface 52 . By shifting 53 the spear bolt 46 , the locking pin 48 can be axially displaced by contact in the area of the ramp 54 , while it can be locked by contact in a flat area 55 of the active surface 52 with a low actuating force. To reduce the frictional forces and the required driving force of the electromagnet 21 ', the locking bolt 46 is mounted with low friction via rolling elements 56 , and the locking bolt 48 has at least one rolling element 57 as a contact element to the active surface 52 of the spear bolt 46 . In order to ensure constant contact of the spear bolt 46 with the electromagnet 21 'and the locking bolt 48 with the locking bolt 46 , a return spring 58 for the locking bolt 46 and a return spring 59 for the locking bolt 48 are provided.

To control the functional sequences of the actuating device 1 ', a sensor 33 ' is provided, which is designed and arranged such that the position of the main actuating lever 7 'can be determined. In the present case, the emergency unlocking device 35 'is designed as a component 60, which is connected to the drive shaft 39 of the actuator 4 ' and has a hexagon 61 as a key contour for attaching a wrench. In an emergency, the parking lock can thus be released manually by rotating the reduction gear 15 'when the electric motor 14 ' cannot be used.

In contrast to the actuator 4 of the actuating device 1 according to FIG. 1, the actuating device 4 'in the present case is designed such that it automatically returns to its starting position after the electric motor 14 ' has been switched off. For this purpose, a tensionable return spring 62 is provided coaxially with the threaded bushing 41 , which in the present case consists of several disc springs 63 arranged in the form of a disc spring column, and is connected on the one hand to a spring dome 64 fixed to the housing and on the other hand to the threaded bushing 41 . When the parking lock is released, the return spring 62 is tensioned by the corresponding axial movement of the threaded bush 41 . Then when the main operating lever 7 'has reached its neutral position and is locked by means of the locking device 5 ', the electric motor 14 'can be switched off and the threaded bushing 41 returns under the action of the tensioned return spring 62 , by which the threaded bushing 41 is pushed back and the rotary spindle 40 is turned back to its starting position. The parking lock can then be reinserted without delay simply by releasing the locking device 5 '.

In Fig. 3 for clarification in a detailed view according to sectional view III-III of Fig. 2, the threaded bush 41 of the actuator 4 'designed as a plunger and the lever arm 10 ' of the main operating lever 7 'is shown. Due to a guide piece 66 provided with a longitudinal slot 65 , a rotation of the threaded bushing 41 is prevented, which ensures the longitudinal movement of the threaded bushing 41 required both when the parking lock is released and when it is returned to the starting position.

In FIG. 4, 35 is an emergency release device 35 is "ready, as one of a driver's compartment 67 can be actuated via a pull handle 68 and a lever arm 36 'as an alternative to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 emergency release effective the main operating lever 7 cable pulling device 69 is formed. The lever arm 36 ″ has a longitudinal slot 70 in which a cross bolt 72 connected to an associated cable pull 71 is guided. This enables the parking lock to be released manually, ie a rotation 73 of the main actuation lever 7 from the locked block shown in dashed lines to the solid line shown in FIG. Open position, possible without hindering actuation of the main actuation lever 7 by the spring accumulator 3 , the actuator 4 , and the locking device 5 (see FIG. 1). To lock the parking lock in the released state, the pull handle 68 of the cable pulling device 69 is radially raised longitudinal webs 74 and corresponding longitudinal grooves 75 rotationally in a guide sleeve 76 carried out and in a dissolved parking lock corresponding drawn position outside the guide sleeve 76 by a rotation of 77 to 90 degrees about the longitudinal axis 78 of the cable 71 in radial Rastierungsnuten 79 of the guide sleeve 76 storable, what for clarification is shown in a detailed view according to the sectional view VV of FIG. 4.

Finally, FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the actuator 4 'of the parking lock device 1 ' according to FIG. 2. The relevant actuator 4 ″ has an intermediate gear 80 , which in the present case is combined with the electric motor 14 ″ in a drive unit 81 . The drive unit 81 is connected via an output shaft 82 to a reduction gear 15 "designed as a spindle gear, which essentially consists of a rotating spindle 40 'and a threaded bush 41 ' provided with a tappet surface 43 '. As can be seen in the axial side view according to FIG. 7 , the threaded bushing 41 'has two external parallel guide surfaces 83 and is guided in an opening 84 with corresponding parallel locking surfaces 85 of a guide dome 86 mounted fixed to the housing. The return spring 62 ' is arranged on the side of the electric motor 14 "opposite the reduction gear 15 " and , as illustrated in the sectional view of FIG. 8, formed as a helical spring 87, on the one hand directly to a drive shaft 88 of the electric motor 14 'and on the other hand is connected to a fixed housing part 89 in operative connection.

By using the additional intermediate gear 80 , the resulting reduction between the electric motor 14 "and the threaded bushing 41 'is increased in such a way that the electric motor 14 " compared to the arrangement according to FIG. 2 is designed to be significantly less torque, ie smaller, cheaper and more energy-efficient can. The intermediate gear 80 can advantageously be designed as a planetary gear and, together with the electric motor 14 ″, forms the compact and preassembled drive unit 81 in a space-saving manner. Since the threaded bush 41 'is secured against rotation in the present case by the threaded bush 41 ' which is non-rotatably engaged with one another and the guide dome 86 is, for simplicity of mounting on a guide piece 66 and Fig. 3 may, according to Figure 2 can be omitted. due to the input side, directly to the drive shaft 88 of the electric motor 14 "effective arrangement of the return spring 62 ', this spring torque required because of a relatively low advantageously a low spring stiffness and can therefore be made relatively compact, for. B. as in the present case as a spiral spring 87th

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

actuator

1

'' Actuator

2

actuator

3

spring

4

actuator

4

'' Actuator

4

"Actuator

5

locking device

5

'' Locking device

6

axis of rotation

6

'' Axis of rotation

7

Main operating lever

7

'' Main operating lever

8th

actuating arm

8th

'' Operating arm

9

first spring arm

10

lever arm

10

'' Lever arm

11

second spring arm

12

Spring moment, effective moment

13

housing component

13

'' Housing component

14

electric motor

14

'' Electric motor

14

"Electric motor

15

Reduction gear

15

'Reduction gear

15

"Reduction gear

16

pinion

17

crown gear

18

eccentric cams

19

counterclockwise

20

effective area

21

electromagnet

21

'' Electromagnet

22

blocking element

22

'Locking element

23

rotary armpit

24

bell crank

25

locking arm

26

contact area

27

locking tab

28

contact area

29

clockwise

30

direction

31

counterclockwise

32

clockwise

33

sensor

33

'Sensor

34

spring element

35

emergency unlocking

35

'' Emergency release device

35

"Emergency release device

36

lever arm

36

"Lever arm

37

screwing

38

thread

39

drive shaft

40

spindle

40

'' Spindle

41

threaded bushing

41

'' Threaded bush

42

longitudinal movement

43

ram surface

43

'' Ram surface

44

effective area

45

counterclockwise

46

safety catch

47

motion axis

48

locking pin

49

deepening

50

top

51

edge

52

effective area

53

shift

54

ramp

55

flat area

56

rolling elements

57

rolling

58

Return spring

59

Return spring

60

component

61

hexagon

62

Return spring

62

'' Return spring

63

Belleville spring

64

spring dome

65

longitudinal slot

66

guide piece

67

driver's compartment

68

Pull

69

cable device

70

longitudinal slot

71

cable

72

cross bolt

73

rotation

74

longitudinal web

75

longitudinal groove

76

guide sleeve

77

rotation

78

longitudinal axis

79

Rastierungsnut

80

intermediate gear

81

drive unit

82

output shaft

83

guide surface

84

opening

85

blocking surface

86

Führungsdom

87

spiral spring

88

drive shaft

89

housing part

Claims (28)

1. Parking lock device, in particular for a motor vehicle provided with an automatically controllable transmission, with an actuating device ( 1 , 1 ') which has an actuating element ( 2 ) for actuating a parking lock, a spring accumulator ( 3 ) for activating the parking lock, a controllable actuator ( 4 , 4 ') for deactivating the parking lock, and a locking device ( 5 , 5 ') for locking the parking lock in the deactivated state, characterized in that the actuator ( 4 , 4 ') is designed to be electromechanically effective, and in that a main actuating lever ( 7 , 7 ') is provided, via which the spring accumulator ( 3 ), the actuator ( 4 , 4 '), and the locking device ( 5 , 5 ') are connected to the actuating element ( 2 ) or can be brought into operative connection. 2. Parking lock device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one sensor ( 33 , 33 ') is provided for determining the position of the main operating lever ( 7 , 7 '). 3. Parking lock device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the actuator ( 4 , 4 ') has an electric motor ( 14 , 14 '), and that the electric motor ( 14 , 14 ') with a reduction gear ( 15 , 15 ') is provided. 4. Parking lock device according to claim 3, characterized in that the reduction gear ( 15 ) is designed as a gear transmission, and that the operative connection with the actuating element ( 2 ) by means of an output side connected to the gear transmission and on the main actuating lever ( 7 ) effective eccentric cam ( 18 ) can be produced. 5. Parking lock device according to claim 3, characterized in that the reduction gear ( 15 ', 15 ") is designed as a spindle gear, and that the operative connection with the actuating element ( 2 ) by means of an output side connected to the spindle gear and on the main operating lever ( 7 ') effective plunger can be produced. 6. Parking lock device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the actuator ( 4 ', 4 ") for automatic return to an initial position with a tensionable return spring ( 62 , 62 ') is provided. 7. Parking lock device according to claim 5 and 6, characterized in that the return spring ( 62 ) is designed as an axial spring with high spring rigidity and is arranged coaxially to the spindle gear and between an axially movable component of the spindle gear and a housing-fixed component. 8. Parking lock device according to claim 7, characterized in that the axial spring is designed as a plate spring ( 63 ) or as a package of several plate springs ( 63 ). 9. Parking lock device according to claim 7, characterized in that the Axial spring as a coil spring or as a group of several coil springs is trained. 10. Parking lock device according to claims 4 and 6 or 5 and 6, characterized in that the return spring ( 62 ') is designed as a torsion spring with low spring stiffness and coaxial to the electric motor ( 14 ") and between a rotatable component of the electric motor ( 14 " ) and a housing-fixed component is effectively arranged. 11. Parking lock device according to claim 10, characterized in that the torsion spring is designed as a spiral spring ( 87 ) and is directly connected to a drive shaft ( 88 ) of the electric motor ( 14 "). 12. Parking lock device according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that an intermediate gear ( 80 ) is provided to increase the reduction between the electric motor ( 14 ") and the spindle gear. 13. Parking lock device according to claim 12, characterized in that the intermediate gear ( 80 ) is space-saving as a planetary gear and is combined with the electric motor ( 14 ") to form a drive unit ( 81 ). 14. Parking lock device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the spring accumulator ( 3 ) is designed as a leg spring, and that the leg spring coaxial with the main actuating lever ( 7 , 7 ') and with a spring arm ( 9 ) on a lever arm ( 10 , 10 ') of the main operating lever ( 7 , 7 ') is effectively arranged. 15. Parking lock device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the locking device ( 5 , 5 ') is designed electromechanically effective. 16. Parking lock device according to claim 15, characterized in that the locking device ( 5 , 5 ') comprises an electromagnet ( 21 , 21 ') and a locking element ( 22 , 22 ') connected thereto, the locking element ( 22 , 22 ') can be brought into a locking position by activating the electromagnet ( 21 , 21 '), in which the main operating lever ( 7 , 7 ') can be locked in a position corresponding to the released parking lock. 17. Parking lock device according to claim 16, characterized in that the locking element ( 22 ) is designed as a rotatably mounted angle lever ( 24 ), and that the main operating lever ( 7 ) has a locking arm ( 25 ) with a contact surface ( 26 ) and the angle lever ( 24 ) has a locking lug ( 27 ) with a corresponding contact surface ( 28 ) for locking the main operating lever ( 7 ). 18. Parking lock device according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that an effective on the angle lever ( 24 ) spring element ( 34 ) is provided to support the holding force of the electromagnet ( 21 ). 19. Parking lock device according to claim 18, characterized in that the locking arm ( 25 ) of the main operating lever ( 7 ) and the locking lug ( 27 ) of the angle lever ( 24 ) and the spring stiffness of the spring element ( 34 ) are designed and arranged such that the locking of the Main actuating lever ( 7 ) when the electromagnet ( 21 ) is switched off can be released by the effective torque ( 12 ) of the spring accumulator ( 3 ). 20. Parking lock device according to claim 16, characterized in that the locking element ( 22 ') as a radially to the axis of rotation ( 6 ') of the main operating lever ( 7 ') slidably mounted locking pin ( 48 ) is formed, and that the main operating lever ( 7 ') one Recess ( 49 ) and the locking pin ( 48 ) has a corresponding to the depression ( 49 ) tip ( 50 ) for locking the main operating lever ( 7 '). 21. Parking lock device according to claim 20, characterized in that a locking bolt ( 46 ), which is connected to the electromagnet ( 21 '), is provided for displacing and locking the locking bolt ( 48 ), and in that the locking bolt ( 46 ) is perpendicular to the axis of movement ( 47 ) of the locking pin ( 48 ) is arranged displaceably and is in operative connection with the locking pin ( 48 ) via a ramp-shaped active surface ( 52 ). 22. Parking lock device according to claim 21, characterized in that the locking bolt ( 46 ) is mounted with low friction, and that the locking bolt ( 48 ) has at least one rolling element ( 57 ) as a contact element to the active surface ( 52 ) of the spear bolt ( 46 ). 23. Parking lock device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a manually operable emergency release device ( 35 , 35 ', 35 ") is provided. 24. Parking lock device according to claim 23, characterized in that the emergency release device ( 35 ') is designed as a component ( 60 ) connected to a drive shaft ( 39 ) of the actuator ( 4 ') with a key contour for the attachment of a turning tool. 25. Parking lock device according to claim 23, characterized in that the emergency unlocking device ( 35 ) is designed as a screw device ( 37 ) effective on a lever arm ( 36 ) of the main actuating lever ( 7 ), and in that the screw device ( 37 ) has a self-locking thread ( 38 ). having. 26. Parking lock device according to claim 23, characterized in that the emergency unlocking device ( 35 ") is designed as a cable pulling device ( 69 ) which can be actuated from a driver's compartment ( 67 ) and is effective on a lever arm ( 35 ") of the main operating lever ( 7 ). 27. Parking lock device according to claim 26, characterized in that the cable pulling device ( 69 ) is designed to be lockable in a position corresponding to the released parking lock. 28. Parking lock device according to claim 27, characterized in that the cable pulling device ( 69 ) has a pull handle ( 68 ) which is guided in a non-rotatable manner in a guide sleeve ( 76 ), and in that the pull handle ( 68 ) in a drawn position corresponding to the released parking lock outside the guide sleeve ( 76 ) rotated about the longitudinal axis ( 78 ) of the cable ( 71 ) can be stored in a detent in the guide sleeve ( 76 ).