DE102020125725B3 - Actuator and device for engaging a parking lock of a motor vehicle automatic transmission with such an actuator and a motor vehicle equipped therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an actuator with a drive (2) driving a drive shaft (1), a first actuating element (3) which is operatively connected to the drive shaft (1) for actuating a switching device, a spring element (5) which is located on one side on a housing component (16) of the actuator and on the other hand on a second actuating element (17) designed to tension the spring element (5), and with an electromagnetic holding device (32) with an electromagnet (50) which is connected to a magnet armature (52) containing ferromagnetic material components for Holding the tensioned spring element (5) under construction of a restoring force interacts magnetically. According to the invention, the magnet armature (52) is mounted on a pivoting part (55) of the holding device (32) such that it can be tilted and/or pivoted.

Description

The invention relates to an actuator according to the preamble of patent claim 1. The invention also relates to a device for activating a parking lock of a motor vehicle automatic transmission and a motor vehicle equipped therewith.

The use of automatic gearshifts or shift-by-wire systems in motor vehicles offers a number of advantages over mechanically coupled gearshifts. For example, the shift stages of the transmission can be selected flexibly and depending on the vehicle status using the software. The activation of the parking lock by engaging the P stage is no longer carried out manually by the driver, but is automatically ensured by the control software, for example when stopping or leaving the vehicle. Since for safety reasons it is absolutely necessary to engage the P stage to activate the parking lock before leaving the motor vehicle, such systems and actuators have emergency mechanisms that are intended to ensure that the P stage is engaged even if the actuator malfunctions or there is a power failure. These emergency mechanisms typically work with energy stores, such as mechanical spring elements, which ensure the insertion of a mechanical emergency position independently of the actuator.

An actuator according to the preamble of claim 1 is from DE 10 2011 014 815 A1 famous. A motor vehicle parking lock actuator with at least one spindle is described therein, in which a longitudinal movement for automatically shifting a gear stage is realized from a rotary movement of a motor. The emergency function for engaging the parking lock is implemented here by a spring element, which is preloaded by actuating the non-parking position of the actuator and mechanically held by a latch. A switching function to trigger the emergency mechanism for engaging the P-stage should be performed by a voltage source that is independent of the actuator. The disadvantage of this actuator, however, is that an independent voltage source is required to trigger the emergency mechanism. Therefore, the P stage cannot be engaged if the independent voltage source is also not available, which can occur in particular when the battery of the motor vehicle is discharged and no other voltage source, such as a properly functioning generator, is available.

Furthermore, the actuator must DE 10 2011 014 815 A1 to prestress the spring element, the P stage is left, which creates an unwanted and unsafe vehicle situation because the P stage of the transmission is left even though the emergency mechanism is not yet available.

From the DE 100 45 953 B4 a parking lock device is known which is provided in particular for a motor vehicle provided with an automatically controllable transmission. The parking lock device has an actuating device that includes an actuating element for actuating a parking lock, a spring accumulator for activating the parking lock, a controllable actuator for deactivating the parking lock, and a locking device for locking the parking lock in the deactivated state. The actuator is designed to be electromechanically effective and is connected to a main operating lever. The spring accumulator, the actuator and the locking device can be brought into connection or operative connection with the actuating element via the main actuating lever.

From the WO 2017/182555 A1 an actuator for engaging a parking lock of a motor vehicle of a motor vehicle automatic transmission is known. The actuator has a spring element which has the function of engaging the P stage of an automatic transmission if there is a fault in the actuator or if there is a power failure. The spring element, which is tensioned by building up a restoring force, is held in its position by means of an electric holding magnet device. For a good magnetic holding force, a contact that is as flat as possible is required between a magnet armature connected to the spring element and the actual magnet. Gaps or an asymmetrical introduction of force reduce the magnetic holding force considerably.

From the EP 3 225 887 A1 an electronic switching device for motor vehicles is known, which has an actuator for operating a motor vehicle transmission in different gear shift positions. The actuator can include an electric motor and be accommodated at least partially in a housing. The motor vehicle transmission is actuated by the actuator of the electronic shifting device via a driver element that is detachably connected thereto. The drive element can include a control cable, for example. The present electronic gear shifting device further includes an automatic gear shift assembly having a releasable locking mechanism for releasably locking the drive member and the actuator together.

Based on the disadvantages described above, the invention is based on the object of developing an actuator according to the preamble of patent claim 1 in such a way that safe and efficient functioning of an emergency mechanism for engaging the P stage is guaranteed in all situations. Furthermore, the object of the invention is to provide a device for engaging a parking lock of a motor vehicle automatic transmission with such an actuator and an improved motor vehicle.

With regard to the actuator, this object is achieved by an actuator with all the features of claim 1. With regard to the device for engaging a parking lock of a motor vehicle automatic transmission, the object is achieved by a device with all the features of patent claim 17. The object is also achieved by a motor vehicle according to claim 18. Advantageous configurations of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

The actuator according to the invention has a drive that drives a drive shaft and a first actuating element that is operatively connected to the drive shaft for actuating a switching device. A spring element is supported on the one hand on a housing component of the actuator and on the other hand on a second actuating element designed to tension the spring element.

The function of the spring element is to engage the P stage if there is a fault in the actuator or if there is a power failure.

Furthermore, the actuator has an electromagnetic holding device with an electromagnet, which interacts magnetically with a magnet armature having ferromagnetic material components for holding the spring element tensioned while building up a restoring force.

The electromagnetic holding device is provided in order to hold the spring element tensioned while building up a restoring force in its position. It is therefore not necessary to tension the spring element while engaging different shift stages from the P stage, since this has already been done in advance.

The invention is characterized in that the magnet armature is mounted on a pivoting part of the holding device such that it can be tilted and/or pivoted.

The spring element or the so-called fail-safe spring is kept in a pretensioned state by the electromagnet. A level surface between the magnet armature and the actual magnet is required for good magnetic holding power. Gaps or an asymmetrical introduction of force significantly reduce the holding force actually available in the system.

In order to achieve a planar contact or magnetic contact between the magnet armature and the electromagnet, also taking tolerances into account, the magnet armature is mounted on a pivoting part of the holding device so that it can tilt and/or swivel. For example, it can be a type of gimbal or "semi-gimbal" mounting. In this way, the magnet system, i.e. the magnetic contact between the magnet armature and the electromagnet, is significantly improved.

Due to the configuration of the actuator according to the invention, the magnetic holding force required to hold the spring element in a prestressed state is efficiently ensured not only because of an improved magnet system but also with regard to installation space, copper quantity and electrical power.

According to the invention, the pivoting part has a holding frame in which the magnet armature is inserted, the holding frame being arranged on the pivoting part such that it can tilt and/or pivot about a first tilting or pivoting axis X. In this way, an efficient and cost-effective tilting and/or pivoting function about the first tilting or pivoting axis, for example in a plastic overmoulding of the holding frame, is ensured.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the pivoting or tilting ability of the holding frame is formed by a material formation, in particular by a tapered wall thickness between the pivoting part and the holding frame. In this way, when the holding frame is pivoted and/or tilted, shearing or torsional stresses arise that are in equilibrium with the torsional moment applied from the outside, similar to a torsion bar or torsion bar. The connection geometries, in which the holding frame is connected to the pivoting part, have the required section modulus in the load direction, so that the system requirements in the specifications of the automobile manufacturer (OEM) are taken into account. The rotational moment of resistance can be reduced as far as possible, so that the holding frame can be twisted in the connection geometries with little force.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the holding frame points diametrically Nander arranged receiving pockets, into which the magnet armature can be inserted by means of diametrically arranged extensions, the extensions resting on the surface of the holding frame above projections of the holding frame tiltable or pivotable about a second tilting or pivoting axis Y.

These projections of the holding frame can be designed at least partially spherical or ball-shaped, so that the extensions of the magnet armature rest on the second tilting or pivoting axis Y so that they can tilt and/or swivel. The second tilting or pivoting axis of the magnet armature, which is perpendicular to the connection points, is achieved on essentially convex or spherical contact surfaces within the holding frame.

The gas anchor can be placed in the frame and secured in the target position by rotating it with a clip contour. After assembly, it rests on the spherical or convex contact surfaces in the direction of the magnet. The magnet anchor can rotate by a defined amount on the convex contact surfaces, so that despite tolerances, a flat contact with the magnet and maximum magnetic attraction are ensured.

The magnet armature can be clipped in the end position and is still movably arranged. Furthermore, the magnet armature is secured against falling out in the receiving pockets. According to this embodiment, the magnet armature is thus mounted such that it can be tilted or swiveled about two tilting or swiveling axes. Strictly speaking, it is a kind of semi-gimballed bearing.

In an advantageous variant, the magnet armature can be fixed by means of the extensions in the manner of a bayonet catch by a rotary movement relative to the receiving pockets in the holding frame, so that the magnet armature is held securely in a simple manner.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the magnet armature can be tilted or pivoted about the two tilting or pivoting axes X, Y, which are preferably in one plane perpendicular to one another, so that the surface of the magnet armature is essentially flat on the stop surface of the magnet when it is in contact with the magnet holding magnet comes to rest. In the above-mentioned "semi-cardanic" mounting, the magnet armature is mounted parallel to the magnet system around two axes that are preferably essentially perpendicular to one another or has at least a specific flexibility around one axis, so that a planar contact of the magnet armature on the electromagnet is ensured.

It is also conceivable that the pivoting part with the magnet armature can be moved back and forth between a first position formed by the magnetic contact of the electromagnet and magnet armature for holding the spring element and a second position in which the spring element is relaxed. In this way, the use of the actuator according to the invention ensures that the spring element can always be prestressed before the P stage of the automatic transmission of the motor vehicle is left.

According to a further advantageous variant of the invention, a flat surface of the magnet armature is aligned essentially plane-parallel to a stop surface of the holding magnet or lies flat on the stop surface in the magnet system, so that the maximum magnetic attraction force is ensured despite tolerances.

In a further development of the invention, the pivoting part is mechanically operatively connected to the spring element via the second actuating element, so that the pivoting part holds the spring element tensioned by building up a restoring force when the magnet rests on the holding magnet.

For a particularly planar magnet system, the magnet armature can be essentially disc-shaped.

The holding frame and/or the pivoting part can be made of plastic.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a rotary element that can be driven by the drive shaft and is rotatably mounted is provided, which is designed on the one hand with a first cam, which is operatively connected to the first actuating element for actuating the switching device, and on the other hand with a second cam for tensioning the spring element .

For this purpose, the spring element can also be operatively connected to the first actuating element by means of the second actuating element, so that due to the restoring force applied by the prestressing of the spring element, the first actuating element can be returned to the P stage along the first cam. In particular, the second actuating element can be designed as a driver for the first actuating element.

To leave the P stage and engage the different shift stages, for example R, N, D, the rotary element can be rotated by means of the drive and the drive shaft in such a way that the first control cam moves the first actuating element due to the operative contact with the first control cam can. A switching device connecting the actuator and the automatic transmission, for example with a shift cable, is designed to forward the movement generated on the actuator to the automatic transmission, so that the P stage can be left and different shift stages, for example R, N, D, can be set.

For this purpose, the first cam can have different gradients for the shifting movement or for engaging the shift stages. The actuating force is essentially made up of the minimum adjusting force required in the transmission to engage different gear stages and, if necessary, the restoring force of the spring element, against which the actuator already works when leaving the P stage. For example, such a force can be about 500N. In the event of an emergency operation, the rotary element and the motor are turned back by the slope of the first cam in cooperation with the first and second actuating elements of the actuator under the influence of the spring force applied by the spring element.

A first engagement element of the actuating element for actuating a switching device is provided for engagement with or engagement in the first cam, and a second engagement element of the second actuating element is provided for engagement with or engagement in the second cam.

In order to provide a particularly simple structural design of the rotating element, it has proven useful for the rotating element to be in the form of a circular disk on which the two cams are arranged on one of the opposite surfaces of the circular disk. In this respect, the cams can be arranged without any problems by means of the corresponding engagement elements, without having to take into account disruptive influences of the other cam or the engagement element corresponding thereto.

If the spring element is not pre-stressed when it is led out of the P stage, the first control cam is designed in such a way that when the rotary element is rotated from its angular position of 0° to its maximum positive angular position of up to +180°, the spring element builds up a restoring force is tensioned. In this case, the spring element is prestressed directly after leaving the P stage, so that the restoring force of the spring element that is immediately available is sufficient to bring the first actuating element back into the P stage.

In this operating case, it can be provided that the first actuating element acts as a driver for the second actuating element, so that the spring element is guided by the second actuating element carried along under the action of the first actuating element under the build-up of the restoring force into its clamping position.

It has also proven to be advantageous that a worm is arranged on the drive shaft, by means of which a gear arrangement can be driven, which in turn drives the rotary element. In this case, the rotary element itself can be part of this gearwheel arrangement, it also being possible for the gearwheel arrangement to consist of only one gearwheel.

Alternatively, it is of course also conceivable for the gear wheel arrangement to consist of a plurality of gear wheels which are operatively connected to one another, with one gear wheel then being designed as a circular disk which has the corresponding cams on its opposite surfaces.

A device for engaging a parking lock of a motor vehicle automatic transmission with an actuator described above should also be protected independently.

The device according to the invention for engaging a parking lock in an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle has such an actuator according to the invention.

The use of an actuator according to the invention in a device for engaging a parking lock in an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle now ensures that the spring element can always be prestressed before the P stage of the automatic transmission of the motor vehicle is left. By means of the second cam and the second engagement element of the second actuating element, it is now possible to preload the spring element without changing the position of the first actuating element. This makes it possible to pretension the spring element while the first actuating element is in such a position when using such an actuator in a motor vehicle with an automatic transmission that the automatic transmission of the motor vehicle is set in the P stage.

So that this pretension is retained when the rotating element is turned back from its maximum angular position, e.g. at -180° to 0°, the electromagnetic holding device is advantageously provided, with which the spring element tensioned while building up a restoring force is held in its position. Thus, a tightening of the Spring element during the insertion of different gears from the P stage out is not necessary, since this has already been done in advance.

In addition, a motor vehicle should also be protected independently by means of such a device, with the motor vehicle having an automatic transmission and a device, as described above, for engaging a parking lock of the automatic transmission.

Further goals, advantages, features and application possibilities of the present invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. All the features described and/or illustrated form the subject matter of the present invention, either alone or in any meaningful combination, even independently of their summary in the claims or their back-reference.

• 1: ein in einem Gehäuse angeordnetes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Aktuators in einer ersten Stellung,
• 2: den Aktuator gemäß 1 in einer zweiten Stellung,
• 3: den Aktuator gemäß 1 in einer dritten Stellung,
• 4: eine Detailansicht des Aktuators gemäß 1 mit einem Schwenkteil mit Halterahmen für einen Magnetanker in zwei Stellungen,
• 5: eine Detailansicht gemäß 4 in zwei Stellungen,
• 6: einen Aktuator in einer perspektivischen Draufsicht von oben (Stand der Technik),
• 7: den Aktuator gemäß 6 in einer perspektivischen Draufsicht von unten (Stand der Technik),
• 8: den Aktuator gemäß 7 in einer weiteren perspektivischen Draufsicht von unten (Stand der Technik),
• 9: den Aktuator gemäß 8 in einer Ansicht von unten (Stand der Technik) und
• 10: den Aktuator gemäß den vorhergehenden Figuren in einer Ansicht von oben (Stand der Technik).

Some of them show schematically:

• 1 : an embodiment of an actuator according to the invention arranged in a housing in a first position,
• 2 : according to the actuator 1 in a second position
• 3 : according to the actuator 1 in a third position
• 4 : a detailed view of the actuator according to 1 with a pivoting part with a holding frame for a magnet armature in two positions,
• 5 : a detailed view according to 4 in two positions
• 6 : an actuator in a perspective plan view from above (prior art),
• 7 : according to the actuator 6 in a perspective plan view from below (prior art),
• 8th : according to the actuator 7 in a further perspective plan view from below (prior art),
• 9 : according to the actuator 8th in a view from below (prior art) and
• 10 : the actuator according to the preceding figures in a view from above (prior art).

Components that are the same or have the same effect are provided with reference symbols in the following figures of the drawing based on an embodiment in order to improve readability.

1 until 3 show an exemplary embodiment of an actuator according to the invention arranged in a housing with a housing cover and housing plate 25 . The actuator is arranged on the housing plate 25 and covered with the housing cover. In the 6 until 10 A cable pull 14 is also visible, by means of which different shift stages of an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle can be set. The cable pull 14 is in operative connection with a first actuating element 3 for actuating the switching device of the motor vehicle automatic transmission of the motor vehicle.

In 1 until 3 is now shown an embodiment of the actuator according to the invention. The rotating element 4 embodied as a gear 13 can be clearly seen here, which is also embodied as a circular disk 6 in the present case. The rotary element 4 is rotatably mounted at its center and has two different cams 7 and 8 on its opposite surfaces 18 and 19 . The gear 13, which can also be part of a gear arrangement 12, meshes in the present case with one in the 2 covered worm 11 of a drive shaft 1 of a drive 2.

In the 9 the first actuating element 3 can also be seen, which on the one hand is provided with a first engagement element 20 which engages in the first control cam 7 and on the other hand is connected to the cable pull 14 of a switching device of the automatic transmission of the motor vehicle.

Furthermore, in the 8th and 9 shown that the first actuating element 3 is slidably mounted in a second actuating element 17 which is provided on the one hand with a second engagement element 21 for engagement in the second cam 8 and on the other hand is supported on a spring element 5 . Within this second actuating element 17 for tensioning the spring element 5, a bore is also arranged, in which a pin of the first actuating element 3 is slidably mounted. The pin is inserted into the bore on the side of the second actuating element 17 facing the rotating element 4 and is displaceable therein. At the same time, the actuating element slides in a bore of the second actuating element 17 which is arranged parallel thereto and via which the first actuating element 3 is connected to the cable pull 14 . The pin and the bore interact in such a way that the end of the pin facing away from the rotary element 4 can touch the bottom of the bore. In this case, forces from the first actuating element 3 to the second actuating element 17 or from the second actuating element 17 are transferred to the first actuating element 3.

As long as the spring element 5 is in the in 2 remains in the clamping position shown, the first actuating element 3 can be adjusted with respect to the second actuating element 17 in the direction of the bore or in the direction of the bore arranged parallel thereto and in the direction of the cable pull 14 in order to insert different shift stages of the automatic transmission. As soon as the end of the pin facing away from the rotary element 4 touches the bottom of the bore, the first actuating element 3 and the second actuating element 17 act as drivers, depending on the direction in which they move over the bottom of the bore and the pin resting on it transmitted force acts.

Furthermore, in accordance with 1 until 3 also the housing plate 25 shown, on which the actuator is arranged. Furthermore, in the representation of 2 and 6 until 10 recognizable that the spring element 5 is supported on the one hand on a housing component 16 of the actuator and on the other hand on the actuating element 17.

In 6 and 1 until 3 the actuator is now shown in a perspective view from above. The rotating element 4 designed as a circular disc 6 and gear wheel 13 can be seen particularly well. In this illustration, the drive 2 with its drive shaft 1 can now also be seen, with the worm 11 being arranged on the drive shaft 1 and meshing with the gear wheel 13 . A further housing component 28 can also be seen here, which is arranged on the housing plate 25 and has a free end 29 in which the drive shaft 1 of the drive 2 is rotatably mounted or held.

On the one hand, the second cam 8 is arranged on the surface 19 of the rotary element 4, which can be brought into engagement with the second engagement element 21 of the second actuating element 17 for tensioning the spring element 5. In addition, the convex section of the cam comes into contact with the engagement element 21, which when the spring element 5 is relaxed compared to the illustration in FIG 3 would be shifted in the direction of the hub of the rotary element 4.

According to 6 and 10 Furthermore, a projection 22 is arranged on the surface 19, against which the second engagement element 21 rests when the spring element is tensioned. During operation of a motor vehicle, the spring element 5, after it has been prestressed, is held in the prestressed position with the aid of an electromagnetic holding device 32 according to the invention. In the representation of 1 until 3 the actuating element 3, which is covered here, is held in the P stage of the automatic transmission, which corresponds to a neutral angular position of 0° of the rotary element. If the actuator is now stress-free, the prestressing of the spring element 5 is still maintained due to the contact of the engagement element 21 on the projection 22, although the electromagnetic holding device 32 no longer exerts any holding force.

As the 1 until 3 and 6 until 10 show further, the electromagnetic holding device 32 has an electromagnet 50 which interacts magnetically with a magnet armature 52 having ferromagnetic material components for holding the spring element 5 tensioned with the build-up of a restoring force.

the 6 until 10 show an actuator according to the prior art.

According to the invention, the magnet armature 52 is mounted in a tilting and/or pivoting manner on a pivoting part 55 of the holding device 32 , which can be part of a housing part 31 . For this purpose, the pivoting part 55 has a holding frame 54 in which the magnet armature 52 is inserted. The holding frame 54 can be tilted and/or pivoted about a first tilting or pivoting axis X on the pivoting part 55, such as in particular the 1 until 3 and 4a, b and 5 a,b show. The pivoting part 55 is mechanically operatively connected to the spring element 5 via the second actuating element 17, so that the pivoting part 55 holds the spring element 5 tensioned while a restoring force builds up when there is a magnet system 53 on the electromagnet 50. Magnet system 53 means a system of magnet armature 52 on electromagnet 50 due to the magnetic holding force.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the pivoting or tilting ability of the holding frame 54 is formed by a material formation, in particular by a tapered wall thickness between the pivoting part 55 and the holding frame 54 . In this way, when the holding frame is pivoted and/or tilted, shearing or torsional stresses arise that are in equilibrium with the torsional moment applied from the outside, similar to a torsion bar or torsion bar. The rotational moment of resistance can be reduced as far as possible, so that the holding frame 54 can be twisted in the connection geometries with little force.

As the 4 and 5 further show, the magnet armature 52 is inserted by means of diametrically arranged extensions or projections 56 in diametrically arranged receiving pockets 57 of the holding frame 54 . The extensions 56 rest on projections 59 of the holding frame 54 that protrude relative to the surface of the holding frame 54 such that they can be tilted or pivoted about a second tilting or pivoting axis Y.

In the present embodiment according to 4a and 4b the projections 59 of the holding frame 54 are at least partially spherical or ball-shaped, so that the extensions 56 of the magnet armature 52 rest on the second tilting or pivoting axis Y so as to be tiltable or pivotable.

In other words, the second tilting or pivoting axis of magnet armature 52 perpendicular to the connection points is achieved on essentially convex or spherical contact surfaces 59 within holding frame 54 .

The Magentanker 52 can according 4a inserted into the holding frame and secured in the target position by means of a rotational movement accompanied by a clip contour. He lies according to 4b after assembly in the direction of the magnet on the spherical or convex contact surfaces 59. The magnet anchor 52 can rotate by a defined amount on the convex contact surfaces 59 so that, despite tolerances, a planar contact with the electromagnet 50 and thus the maximum magnetic attraction force are ensured.

In order to hold the magnet armature 52 securely on the holding frame 54, the magnet armature 52 can be fixed in the holding frame 54 by means of the extensions 56 in the manner of a bayonet catch by a rotary movement relative to the receiving pockets 57, such as 4a and 4b keep showing.

The ability to tilt or swivel the magnet armature 52 serves to ensure the largest possible magnet system 53 between the magnet armature 52 and the electromagnet, in order to thereby achieve a maximum magnetic holding force. For this reason, the tilting or pivoting of the magnet armature 52 takes place about the two tilting or pivoting axes X, Y, which are approximately in one plane perpendicular to one another, so that the magnet armature 52 with its surface 58 at the magnet system 53 is essentially flat on the Stop surface 51 of the holding magnet 50 comes to rest. In other words, in the case of the magnet system 53 , a flat surface 58 of the magnet armature 52 rests essentially flat on a stop surface 51 of the electromagnet 50 .

How from the 5a further shows that the pivoting part 55 with the magnet armature 52 is between a first position 60 formed by the magnet system 53 of the electromagnet 50 and magnet armature 52 for holding the spring element 5 and according to FIG 5b a second position 61, in which the spring element 5 is relaxed, movable back and forth.

In the present case, the magnet armature 52 can be designed essentially in the form of a disk and the holding frame 54 and/or the pivoting part 55 can be made of plastic.

7 now shows the actuator in a perspective view from below. The first control cam 7 , which is arranged on the surface 18 of the rotary element 4 opposite the surface 19 , can be seen particularly clearly here. Furthermore, the worm 11 of the drive shaft 1 can also be seen here, which meshes with the gear wheel 13 . The drive shaft 1 is again rotatably held in the end 29 of the housing component 28 , this housing component 28 being arranged on the housing plate 25 .

8th shows a representation of the 7 without the housing plate 25.

In 8th the first actuating element 3 can now also be seen, which on the one hand is connected to the cable pull 14 for actuating a shifting device of an automatic transmission and on the other hand is provided with an engagement element 20 for operatively connecting engagement in the cam 7 . It can also be clearly seen in this illustration that the first actuating element 3 is slidably mounted in the second actuating element 17, with which the spring element 5 is tensioned. This arrangement becomes even clearer in the representation according to FIG 9 , in which a further housing component 31 was dispensed with, in which the electromagnetic holding device 32 is held.

the 9 and 10 serve in particular to describe the functioning of the actuator according to the invention. In these illustrations, the actuator is in a position that corresponds to the position of the P stage of an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle and the neutral angular position of 0° of the rotary element 4 . The engagement element 20 of the first actuating element 3 is operatively connected to the first control cam 7 , which is arranged on the surface 18 of the rotary element 4 . If the rotary element 4 designed as a toothed wheel 13 is now rotated counterclockwise, i.e. in the direction of the maximum positive rotary position in this illustration, by means of the drive 2, the drive shaft 1 and the worm 11, the actuating element 3 is rotated due to the engagement of the engagement element 20 in the control cam 7 moves in the direction of the housing component 16 so that it is actuated by means of the cable pull 14 th switching device of the automatic transmission, not shown here in detail, this is moved out of its P stage and different shift stages, for example R, N, D, can be set.

The rotating element 4 is limited in its rotational movement due to the cam 7, so that a rotation of approximately +180° or another value is possible. During the rotation of the rotary element 4 , the prestressing of the spring element 5 in its stressed position is maintained with the aid of the electromagnetic holding device 32 . During the movement of the first actuating element 3 towards the housing component 16, its pin slides within the bore towards the bottom of the bore.

If damage occurs during operation of the motor vehicle, as a result of which the actuator is free of tension, the electromagnetic holding device 32 is also no longer able to maintain the spring pretension of the spring element 5 due to the lack of tension. Under the influence of the restoring force of the spring element 5, the second actuating element 17 then moves in the direction of the rotary element 4, so that the pin coming into contact with the bottom of the bore also transmits the restoring force of the spring element 5 to the first actuating element 3 and takes it with it.

Due to the restoring force of the spring element 5, the engagement element 20 of the first actuating element 3 is therefore returned along the control cam 7 and the rotary element - in this illustration clockwise - from the maximum +180° angular position of the rotary element 4 to the original, neutral angular position 0 ° Moved until the automatic transmission has taken its P level again there according to the angular position of the rotary element 4. This ensures that the automatic transmission, even in the event of damage, in particular when the motor vehicle or the actuator is stress-free, is automatically set to the P stage, reducing the restoring force of the spring element 4 .

In the embodiment described here, it is possible to drive the drive 2 in the direction opposite to the restoring movement, so that the rotating element 4 in the 9 rotates counterclockwise toward the maximum positive rotation position. In this way it can be brought about that the cam 7 pushes back the actuating element 3 in the direction of the clamping position of the spring element 5 , ie in the direction of the housing component 16 , by means of the engagement element 20 . Through the engagement of the pin at the bottom of the bore within the second actuating element 17, the restoring movement of the first actuating element 3 is transmitted to the second actuating element 17, so that the second actuating element 17, with which the spring element 5 is engaged, moves the spring element 5 in resets the clamping position while building up the restoring force.

Based on the presentation of 9 it is of course also possible to turn the rotating element 4 clockwise from its neutral, 0° angular position into a maximum negative angular position of up to -180°. In this case, however, the first actuating element 3 is not actuated, since the cam 7 is designed in such a way that the engagement element 20 of the first actuating element 3 does not change its position. With such a twist, however, according to the illustration in 10 the control cam 8 arranged on the other surface 19 of the rotary element 4 designed as a circular disk 6 is brought into engagement with the second engagement element 21 of the second actuating element 17 for tensioning the spring element 5 .

After the spring element 5 has been tensioned accordingly, the rotary element 4 is now rotated again in the other direction to the neutral rotary position until the engagement element 21 of the actuating element 17 comes to rest on the projection 22, with the rotary element 4 again assuming its 0° angular position. The bias of the spring element 5 is maintained by the magnet holding device 32 during this twisting. In this state, the vehicle can now be properly parked, with the actuator naturally also becoming free of voltage. Due to the projection 22, however, the pretensioning of the spring element 5 is maintained even without tension.

Reference List

1

drive shaft

2

drive

3

actuator

4

rotary element

5

spring element

6

circular disc

7

first control curve

8th

second control curve

11

slug

12

gear arrangement

13

gear

14

cable pull

16

housing component

17

second actuator

18

Surface

19

Surface

20

first engagement element

21

second engagement element

22

head Start

25

housing plate

28

housing component

29

free end

31

housing component

32

electromagnetic holding device

50

electromagnet

51

stop surface

52

magnet anchor

53

magnet system

54

holding frame

55

swivel part

56

Extensions or projections

57

receiving pockets

58

flat surface magnet anchor

59

spherical or ball-shaped bearing surfaces, projections

60

first position

61

second position

X

first tilt or pan axis

Y

second tilt or swivel axis

Claims (18)

Actuator with a drive (2) driving a drive shaft (1), a first actuating element (3) which is operatively connected to the drive shaft (1) for actuating a switching device, a spring element (5) which is located on the one hand on a housing component (16) of the actuator and on the other hand on a second actuating element (17) designed to tension the spring element (5), and with an electromagnetic holding device (32) with an electromagnet (50) which is equipped with a magnet armature (52) having ferromagnetic material components for holding the substructure a spring element (5) tensioned by a restoring force interacts magnetically, the magnet armature (52) being mounted in a tilting and/or pivoting manner on a pivoting part (55) of the holding device (32), characterized in that the pivoting part (55) has a holding frame (54) has, in which the magnet armature (52) is used, wherein the holding frame (54) tiltable and / or pivotable about a first Kip p or pivot axis (X) is arranged on the pivot part (55). actuator after claim 1 , characterized in that the pivoting or tilting of the holding frame (54) is formed by a material formation, in particular by a tapered wall thickness between the pivoting part (55) and the holding frame (54). actuator according to one of Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the holding frame (54) has receiving pockets (57) arranged diametrically to one another, into which the magnet armature (52) can be inserted by means of diametrically arranged extensions (56), the extensions (56) being on the surface of the holding frame (54 ) protruding projections (59) of the holding frame (54) rest tiltable or pivotable about a second tilting or pivoting axis (Y). actuator after claim 3 , characterized in that the projections (59) of the holding frame (54) are at least partially spherical or ball-shaped, so that the extensions (56) of the magnet armature (52) can be tilted or pivoted about the second tilting or pivoting axis (Y) lay up. Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnet armature (52) can be fixed by means of the extensions (56) in the manner of a bayonet catch by a rotary movement relative to the receiving pockets (57) in the holding frame (54). Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnet armature (52) can be tilted or pivoted about the two tilting or pivoting axes (X, Y) which are preferably in one plane perpendicular to one another, so that the magnet armature (52 ) comes to rest with its surface (58) essentially flat on a stop surface (51) of the holding magnet (50) in the magnet system (53). Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pivoting part (55) with magnet armature (52) between a first position (60) formed by the magnet system (53) of electromagnet (50) and magnet armature (52) for holding the spring element (5 ) and a second position (61), in which the spring element (5) is relaxed, can be moved back and forth. Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the magnet system (53) the plane surface (58) of the magnet armature (52) is aligned essentially plane-parallel to the stop surface (51) of the holding magnet (50) or is plane on the stop surface (51 ) is present. Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pivoting part (55) is mechanically operatively connected to the spring element (5) via the second actuating element (17), so that the pivoting part (55) when the magnet rests (53) on the holding magnet (50 ) keeps the spring element (5) stretched under the build-up of a restoring force. actuator after claim 1 , characterized in that the magnet armature (52) is essentially disc-shaped. Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding frame (54) and/or the pivoting part (55) is/are made of plastic. Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rotating element (4) which can be driven and rotatably mounted by means of the drive shaft (1) is provided which, on the one hand, has a first cam (7) which is connected to the first actuating element (3) for actuating the Switching device is operatively connected, and on the other hand is formed with a second cam (8) for tensioning the spring element (5). actuator after claim 12 , characterized in that a first engagement element (20) of the first actuating element (3) is provided for connection or engagement in the first control cam (7), and wherein for connection or engagement in the second control cam (8) a second engagement element (21) of the second Actuating element (17) is provided. actuator according to one of Claims 12 or 13 , characterized in that the rotary element (4) is designed as a circular disc (6) on which the two cams (7, 8) are arranged on one of the opposite surfaces (18, 19). actuator according to one of Claims 12 until 14 , characterized in that the first control cam (7) is designed in such a way that when the rotating element (4) rotates between its neutral angular position of 0° and its maximum positive angular position of up to +180°, the spring element (5) builds up a restoring force is stretched. actuator according to one of Claims 12 until 15 , characterized in that on the drive shaft (1) a worm (11) is arranged, through which a gear arrangement (12) drives the rotating element (4). Device for engaging a parking lock of a motor vehicle automatic transmission with an actuator according to one of Claims 1 until 16 . Motor vehicle with an automatic transmission and a device interacting therewith Claim 17 .

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