CZ298195A3 - Elevations, lining and surface elements of buildings and structures - Google Patents

Abstract

Natural fibres, in particular sheep's wool, is used to produce building elements for fashioning façades of buildings and surfaces of supporting constructions in a durable manner. Also disclosed is a process for producing such building elements. Known façade facings made of coated glass and mineral wools, artificial foams, plastics in general and even metals have for some time now not gone without criticism. Thus the use of organic fibrous materials as surface linings gains increasingly in significance in the ecological building industry. In order to obtain durable heat-insulating and sound-proofing linings and facings of surfaces of supporting constructions and building façades which are also capable of binding pollutants, strongly compacted webs of animal wool are processed with slightly compacted webs or strips of flutty fleece, wool felt, braided fabrics and/or foils, and are used as façade, lining and/or insulating elements and/or as pollutant-binding elements. For that purpose, easy-to-mount small and large-surface building elements with and without insulations have been developed both for renovating old buildings and for new buildings.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to facades, cladding and surface elements of buildings and structures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It has been known since ancient times to use reed, straw and other plant fibers and tissues, with or without the use of binders, as roofing and exterior cladding of buildings, as optical and sun blinds, and in various other applications as plaster substrates and in the form of loose and pressed materials for insulating purposes in building industry.

For example, German Patent No. 29 50 055 discloses a method and apparatus for insulating buildings using straw mats, which are hung on pegs hammered into the wall before the at least two layers of plaster are applied to the suspended straw mats.

German Patent No. 31 30 724 discloses a sprayable insulation material using organic fibers which serves as thermal and acoustic insulation. Also described is a method of making such a sprayable insulating material.

In German Patent No. 34 01 415, the object of protection is a façade cladding which can be made, inter alia, of wood and is designed as a so-called thermo shingle which repels water and can be glued.

German Patent Nos. 35 30 052 and 39 07 020 disclose heat-insulating mats consisting of bag-like sheaths or other non-flammable sheathing which are filled with peat as heat-insulating material.

German Patent No. 40 12 310 describes a lightweight construction element, possibly also as a facade element, which, after an ancient method, consists of a mixture of straw and clay and is enclosed in a profile frame.

Other methods of making building materials using natural fibrous materials known from literature, patent literature and practice relate solely to those building materials that require additional sheathing or placement between load-bearing and structural members where they serve as thermal insulation, dampening ceilings when crossing and inside buildings as soundproofing elements or partitions and / or interior cladding. The aforementioned prior art documents exclusively disclose thermal and acoustic insulation or insulation within a building, or the use of such insulation only under the façade.

German Patent No. 12,217 discloses, for example, the use of wool and hair as an insulating material which forms the insulating core. This insulating material is covered with a layer of glued paper. A similar coating of the insulation is described in U.S. Pat. No. 14 42 326. German Patent 34 13 877 describes a sound and heat insulation composition based on leather dust, which contains finely dispersed leather dust with the addition of artificial resin and is used for lining surfaces. and also for casting shaped bodies. German Patent No. 35 40 001 describes thermal insulation boards of natural materials, inter alia natural animal fibers, which are bound by a water-soluble natural glue and contain borax or boric acid as an anti-combustion and anti-rot additive.

A thermal insulation board using natural animal fibers and other organic raw materials and waste materials which are compressed under high pressure with a water-soluble adhesive is the subject of German document No. 35 45 001. German document No. 40 11 657 describes a method for producing compact flat structural Textile waste elements which are pressed with the binder at elevated temperature and are used as partitions, insulating materials and for damping ceilings when crossing. Sheep wool as insulating material in sheathing or as insulating material in an insulating space already defined by other structural elements is the subject of German patent No. 41 08 110. The insulating elements described therein are used to create flat insulating areas on the walls of buildings, ceilings or roofs, optionally in admixture with a binder, as heat-insulating shaped solids or as sheep's wool inflated freely into cavities. The thermal insulation board for building construction is also described in German patent No. 42 10 392 and optionally consists of a natural fiber board which is at least unilaterally coated.

Known methods for producing building components and building materials and their use for rendering building facades and external surfaces of load-bearing structures such as coated glass and mineral wool, foam plastics in general and metals have long been criticized. From an ecological and economic point of view, unacceptably high energy costs in the production of such visual elements and cladding, in particular if these elements simultaneously have the function of thermal and acoustic insulation, as well as the problems of removing used plastic-containing building elements, lead investors taking respect for ecology, the search for alternative cladding and the rendering of natural fiber-based surfaces, especially those suitable as insulating materials.

With the exception of reed and some straw, building materials from vegetable raw materials or wastes are used for rendering or lining the outer surfaces only if, as described, they are used with high costs and mostly mixed, often ecologically questionable binders, with high they consume, form and / or dry and, in addition, are provided with a sealing outer sheath or layer, which is also often environmentally disputed.

Natural fibers in the form of animal hair or wool, for reasons of insufficient internal stability of the elements made from them, due to the necessary sheathing and shaping of structural elements, for structural, structural-physical and aesthetic reasons, are used only as insulation between structural elements. sewn, foamed or stitched strips, with or without the use of binders.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide facades, claddings and surface elements of buildings and structures which, by using a raw material of biological origin already known and available in sufficient quantity, allow a durable rendition of the supporting structures and building facades. they should be made of a raw material that is indisputable from all environmental aspects. Another requirement is minimal energy consumption during production, easy handling and low weight.

This task also includes the development of such building materials and methods of making them.

Building materials based on these raw materials are also intended to cover the surfaces of load-bearing structures, in particular noise barriers on motorways and roads, and at the same time bind pollutants from the air.

It is also an object of the present invention to find cladding and cladding of load-bearing structures in vulnerable areas or areas for binding or neutralizing harmful substances. Another object of the invention is to find a new alternative aesthetic use for the exterior rendering of walls and claddings of load-bearing structures and building facades for naturally renewable raw materials while maintaining their essential natural properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem is solved and the deficiencies of known building materials of this kind largely eliminate the facades, claddings and surface elements of the structures and constructions according to the invention, which consists in that the outer weather-exposed sheath consists of stitched and ready-made animal wool, in particular sheep wool. .

It is preferred that the outer sheath consists of a facade felt which is optionally associated with fleece and bulky strips of the web that are not exposed to the weather.

It is further preferred that the facade felt is connected to fleece and bulky webs of a certain width and spacing, or if the facade felt is joined to additional felt webs of a certain width.

In addition, it is preferred that the facade felt is not connected to the fleece and bulk webs in the middle region and is not joined to the webs in the outer regions.

An alternative is also advantageous in which the façade felt is connected to another façade felt by an intermediate wire mesh which is provided with gripping hooks.

Preferably, the outer sheath consists of corrugated webs of wool fleece, the raised regions of which are normally felted and whose recessed areas are very firmly felted.

Advantageously, the corrugated web of wool fleece is joined to the facade felt with its smooth side or is sewn with the facade felt in the recessed area.

Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the facade felt, the two facade felt joined together by a wire mesh and the corrugated web of wool fleece or the corrugated web of wool web sewn with the facade felt are provided with a frame for special purposes, for example noise barriers.

Sheep wool may be mixed with other natural fibers before processing and ready-made, the proportion of sheep wool being greater than that of the other components.

Preferably, stabilizing and / or impregnating agents are added to the sheep's wool during processing, whereupon the sheep's wool is made-up.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to use animal wool, in particular sheep wool, processed as a building material in a corresponding form as a raw material for lining and cladding the load-bearing structures of building facades and for binding pollutants in particularly vulnerable regions. Owing to its properties, sheep wool is particularly suitable for the insulation and cladding of facades. The durable rendering of building facades and surfaces of load-bearing structures by natural fibers is carried out by the method according to the invention and / or a combination of several operations of this method and consists in cleansing animal wool, in particular sheep wool staple. the raw wool, which still contains lanolin, is roughly loosened in a carding machine in a known manner, processed in a carding machine and the resulting web is folded into a multilayer web in a cross-folding machine which is fed to a stapling machine pests and / or impregnating agents. The highly compacted felt strips thus produced are further processed according to the invention, depending on the purpose of the next use, for example by producing in the same way low compacted fleece wool strips which are cut into strips whose width corresponds to the gaps between the lath on the building or the surface of the supporting structure on which the facade, cladding and / or insulating and / or pollutant absorbing elements to be produced are to be placed. These strips of fleece wool webs are then deposited at defined intervals on the felt belt and precisely positioned prior to sewing in the stitching machine. During successive re-stitching with needles located only in the region of the fleece fleece strips, these fleece fleece strips which are laid on the felt are sewn with the felt.

A particular improvement in the performance of this method of producing building materials with the above-described fleece fleece webs is that certain areas of the fleece fleece webs located on the felt web are not sewn with the felt web and / or unilaterally or double-sided with the web. an environmentally friendly foil is sewn with the felt belt and / or a foil, in particular a self-adhesive foil, is bonded to the felt belt prior to the drying process, which is bonded to the felt belt in a drying oven. Another variant consists in placing a stable anti-corrosion treatment mesh between two felt strips, which is provided at approximately right angles to its plane upwardly and downwardly extending gripping hooks. The felt strips are then permanently bonded to each other between the rotating press rolls. In addition, impregnation or other reinforcement may be applied to the surface of the felt web. Depending on the intended use, mixing with other animal hair and / or wool and / or other natural fibers or residues and waste materials is also within the scope of the invention, but the mixing ratio must be chosen so as not to eliminate the benefits of using sheep wool.

Of the webs of felt and fleece thus made, nonwoven webs, foil and / or nonwoven webs, non-stitched webs, felt pressed with an intermediate mesh with hooks with other felt, felt with stitched webs and / or felt webs and / or webs coated and / or mixed with other natural fibers or stabilized, then the structural elements for durable rendering of building facades and surfaces of supporting structures in the form of strips, slabs, shingles, framed sheets and the like are produced. Components that are intended to have a special load-bearing and / or holding and / or sheathing function and / or to meet special aesthetic requirements are stitched once more, then brought into the shape required by their use under vapor pressure, saturated with latex and colored. The invention also encompasses the use of dark wool for special structural elements, such as edges, bends and corners.

Advantageous use of thermal and acoustic insulating properties, moisture balancing, binding of harmful substances and repelling of water drops and other properties inherent in sheep's wool, as well as the fact that the wool can simply be processed into a relatively rigid sheet , guarantees environmentally safe and new use of sheep wool for the production of tiles and exterior finishes for load-bearing structures and building facades, as well as for the binding of harmful substances in particularly vulnerable areas.

Renewable, biologically high-quality raw material, ie sheep wool, which can be produced with adequate feeding of sheep without spending much energy, has a special aesthetic appeal and is an optimal material for thermal insulation and protection against the weather in the building industry. The thermal insulation of sheep wool lies around% = 0.031 - 0.037 W / mk, so that only polyurethane foam is comparable.

Naturally curly wool staple, even after careful processing, has a high air content of up to 85% of the total volume. Since stationary air is, as is well known, excellent thermal insulation, neither wool nor heat conducts.

The extremely thin surface layer of wool fiber has the property of transmitting moisture in the form of vapor, but at the same time repelling drops. However, an amount of moisture, which corresponds to up to a third of the weight of the wool fiber itself, can be stored in the wool fiber for a short period of time without the wool fiber acting as damp.

Due to the lanolin content (wool wool fat), the wool is weather-resistant. In tests conducted on a 200 to 100 year old raw wool, no changes in tensile strength and elasticity were found. The wool is not appreciably subject to any aging process. From this point of view, wool is one of the most durable animal products under low storage conditions - see Tierzucht Archive, 31, 1988, Berlin.

With easy, fast and pleasant wool processing, there is no skin irritation and no fine dust, as with asbestos or mineral fibers.

One of the important properties of wool is the ability to bind acids or other chemicals from the polluted air or neutralize these pollutants.

Compared to other known biological insulating materials such as reed, particle board, lightweight wood wool boards, coconut fibers, straw and flax tow, the wool has a good flame resistance resulting from the chemical composition of these natural animal fibers containing proteins high nitrogen.

In addition, the hygroscopicity of the wool guarantees a relatively high moisture content which also contributes favorably to the fire resistance of the wool. The wool has a high ignition temperature of 570 to 600 degrees C, a low combustion heat of 4.95 kcal / g and a flame temperature of only 680 degrees C. The oxygen limit of 0.252 can also be considered favorable - see Deutsche Schafzucht, 2/1993, p. 32 .

A significant advantage of wool compared to conventional insulating materials is the good diffusion of water vapor through the wool for insulation purposes.

The features of the invention result from the claims and from the drawings, wherein the features themselves or in various combinations and subcombinations include both the use of natural fibers, in particular sheep wool, the method of manufacture and the elements thus produced, all advantageous and capable of performing for which protection is claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is illustrated by the following examples, which are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

- FIG. 1 facade felt, - FIG. 2 facade felt with insulation superstructure, - FIG. 3 modification of the embodiment of FIG. 2, - Fig. 4: facade felt in the form of strips or sheets on existing walls, - na'obr. 5 cut through a piece of facade insulating felt - FIG. 6 a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 5, - FIG. 7 5 and 6, FIG. 8 facade element with insulating superstructure in perspective

Fig. 9 shows an insulating shingle, Fig. 10 shows a piece of two mutually pressed felt strips, Fig. 11 a profile surface element, Figs. 12 to 14 an application form of a corner or angular facade element.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example 1:

The wool staple is cleaned of faeces, urine and impurities prior to further processing according to the invention. The raw wool washed by natural means, with a high lanolin content, is coarsely disintegrated in the carding machine after washing in a known manner, in the carding machine the parallel orientation of the wool fibers and their composition in a fine fleece is achieved. This fine web is folded on top of each other by the cross-folding machine to achieve the desired basis weight of the final product. Depending on the intended application, a basis weight of 600 to 1200 g / m 2 is selected, thereby achieving a wall thickness of the facade element in the range of 5 to 8 mm. After passing through the transverse folding machine, the composite web layers come to the stapling machine where they are consolidated.

The pure sheep wool felt thus obtained is converted into the desired shape of the elements and is already usable in this state as a durable thermal and acoustic insulation lining and surface rendering of load-bearing structures, building facades and for binding of harmful substances.

If the starting material, i.e. wool fiber, is heavily soiled and must be washed more intensively or repeatedly, in order to achieve the aforementioned proportion of lanolin, it is possible to carry out the known wool grease. When greasing with special greases, it is also possible to carry out additional treatment of wool against pests.

After sewing of the fleece layers, depending on the intended use, borax or boric acid or lavender preparations are applied as a fire-retardant and pest control agent.

It is also within the scope of the invention to uniformly mix sheep wool in a carding comb with other animal hair and / or wool and / or other natural fibers or residues and waste, but the mixing ratio must be chosen so as not to override the advantages of using sheep wool according to the invention.

Therefore, the proportion of pure sheep wool in the final product should not fall below 75%, depending on the lanolin content.

The felt produced by the method described, in particular sheep wool felt, is used for durable thermal and acoustic insulation rendering of the surfaces of load-bearing structures and building facades, as a lining of load-bearing structures, in particular on noise barriers for highways and roads. neutralization of pollutants in the air and in regions particularly vulnerable to environmental pollution, as well as binding and / or neutralizing harmful substances.

Example 2:

Fig. 1 shows a façade felt 1, which is already usable in this state of processing for the durable covering of external surfaces and for forming the surfaces of load-bearing structures as well as for binding pollutants. In other embodiments, the use of strips, slabs and shingles of various shapes with and without ventilation and with additional layers on the top surface of the facade felt 1 will be described.

FIG. 2 shows an insulating superstructure consisting of a facade felt 1 of wool, which is fastened by clamps 15 to vertical underlay battens 2. The horizontal base battens 3 are fixed in a known manner to the outer wall 4 and between these horizontal base battens 3 is insulated layer 5 of sheep wool, which is covered with diffusion foil 6 ..

Fig. 3 shows an insulating superstructure of the same construction as in Fig. 2, but with a facade felt 1 sewn together in the manufacture of felt strips unilaterally with recycled foil. This embodiment is particularly suitable for colored facades where colored recycled foil 7 is used. the sutures achieve the fleece appearance of the surface of the recycled film 7, resulting in an extremely aesthetic coloration of the facade surface. Said recycled film 7 increases the stability of the facade felt 1 without adversely affecting the breathing activity of the wool. In order to increase the stability of the facade felt 1, it can be sewn on both sides with recycled foil 2 during production and subsequently saturated with a latex layer 2 on the facade side. The full-area latex saturation preferably has a basis weight of 120 g / square meter. For certain purposes, a foil, preferably self-adhesive, may be bonded to the felt after suturing or prior to drying.

FIG. 4 shows the use of the facade felt 1 in the form of horizontal strips attached to the outer wall 4 of wood. In this large-area application, it is suitable, in accordance with FIG. 3, to sew it on both sides with recycled foil 7 and additionally to saturate it with the latex layer 8 in order to achieve greater stability of the façade felt 1. If small-format shingles such as square shingles are attached to the upper corner perpendicular to one of their diagonals and only a quarter of their surface is visible when attached to the façade, when additionally insulated wooden slats are needed, as the shingle façade has four layers of felt over the entire surface. For this purpose it is advisable to choose shingles of a small thickness, because the shingles do not otherwise adhere sufficiently flat.

Example 3:

Few pressed wool webs are cut into webs 1 whose width A corresponds to the lath spacing on the building or on the surface of the load-bearing structure. These fleece bulky webs 9, with defined spacings B, as shown in FIG. 5, are laid on the facade felt 1 and the whole is transferred to the stapling machine. At the next stitching only in the area of the web strips 9, these strips become

The 9th webs are sewn with the facade felt 1 on which they rest. The spacing B between the fleece bulky strips 9, which act as insulating bodies, is determined prior to stitching so as to leave a free space 10 corresponding to the width of the slat 12 shown in FIG. 7.

The façade insulating elements thus cut in the corresponding size and shape are pushed onto the lath already on the wall without ventilation, so that the bearing strips 12 enter the free spaces 10.

The façade insulating element shown in Fig. 5 consists of a façade felt 1, which is manufactured as described above, and fleece bulky webs 9, which are sewn with the façade felt 1.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a façade insulating element which is a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 5. The façade insulating element consists of a façade felt 1, which is sewn with strips 9 of the web. Into the free space 10, before the stitching of the webs with the facade felt 1, the felt strip 11 is inserted, which is sewn with the webs 9 and the facade felt 1 in the same operation. This felt strip 11 has such stitching and / or the shape stability that, for example when attached to the slats 12, there is no significant deformation of the visible side of the facade felt 1. Another modified embodiment is that such a plastic strip 11 is glued or otherwise attached to the slats before attaching the slats.

12. The use of felt strips 11 reduces or removes thermal bridges at the location of the support strips 12.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is varied from the embodiment of FIG. 6 in that a plaster substrate, for example an anti-corrosion treatment armor 13, is applied to the facade felt 1, on which a two-layer plaster 14 of mineral materials is applied.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 5. This shows how the webs 9 are pushed between the battens 12 with their widths A and how the façade insulating element is fastened with clamps 15 made of stainless steel.

Example 4:

FIG. 9 shows an insulating shingle consisting of facade felt 1 and web strips 9. The first region C and / or the second region E is not sewn together. The fastening of the web 9 is by means of a corresponding stitching only in the middle region D, before the insulation shingle is formatted. Thus, the areas C and / or E are not sewn with the facade felt 1 so as to ensure that the insulating shingle is seated between the upper and lower support battens 12 during installation. on the lath.

Instead of stitching the facade felt 1 with the webs 9 in the middle regions D, the two layers can be glued together gently, since the consistency of the webs 9 with the facade felt 1 is basically only needed for mounting the shingles, since In the region E, a durable attachment is made by means of the clamps 15 and the middle region D is fixed by pressing the regions C and / or E between the laths.

Example 5:

A special variant of the method of cladding and rendering of the surfaces of the supporting structures is that, for example by rolling, for example, a wire mesh 16 is fixed between two strips of the facade felt 1 according to FIG. 10, the retaining hooks 17 extending transversely to the wire mesh 16 facade felt

The large-area belts thus formed are preferably provided with a frame. If the belts are exposed to the weather, framing is done only on the sides and on the upper edge so that moisture does not accumulate on the lower edge. FIG. 10 shows a cut-out of two mats thus connected to each other formed by facade felt 1.

Example 6:

Fig. 11 shows a mat, in particular a noise protection mat or a profile absorbent mat, in a special embodiment, which consists of superposed layers of wool fleece and is guided by a specially designed stitching machine to form normally firmly felted regions F and very In order to impart a higher strength for special purposes, for example for hanging over a longer length, the noise protection mat or profile absorbent mat thus produced is only in very tightly felted areas. areas G workbook with second felt belt. Combinations with the method and elements of Example 5 are used. Such mats as described in Examples 5 and 6 are suitable for use as noise protection on highways and roads, as lining or covering load-bearing structures and for binding or neutralizing pollutants in spaces with a particularly endangered environment.

Example 7:

The components shown in FIGS. 12-14

- 17 and which must meet the requirements for special bearing and / or holding and / or tiling functions and / or special aesthetic effects, i.e. forming inner and outer corners 18 or window and door lining, are sewn together again and formed under steam and pressure in the desired special shape and saturated with latex. Finally, paint can be applied. For this color design, for example of the corners 18 formed as angles, it is advantageous to use wool of black sheep as raw material, thereby achieving the desired new overall aesthetic perception.

Example 8:

For all of the above examples, the following operations and combinations thereof are applicable and / or required:

Already during the production of felt belts, it is advisable to apply a 12% borax solution evenly on the felt belly after sewing against pest infestation. The amount of borax solution applied, for example, at a felt weight of 800 g / m 2, is 30 g ·

Like borax preparations, lavender or lavender concentrate, which is a harmless biological agent and protects the wool, irrespective of the form of its processing, against mole attack, are also proven in practice.

If, after years, an additional treatment of the felt strips is required to prevent the attack of the mole, the borax preparations are sprayed onto the dry, brushed and preferably also vacuum-cleaned façade. In the case of under-ventilated facades, repeated protection is possible, for example by lavender, by placing lavender either in the form of dried plants or a preparation on the undersides of the ventilation air-supply sheets which act as chimneys.

Depending on the application and the required stability, it is possible to apply a foam impregnation in an environmentally harmless concentration as a surface reinforcement. This impregnation is advantageous to be carried out after stitching and subsequent drying is required. For example, water dispersion of a thermoplastic acrylic polymer based on butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate having a solids content of about 50% and an application rate of 40 g / m @ 2 in a one-sided application is suitable for the production of facade and surface felt felt elements. In case of requirement for particularly stable facade elements, double-sided felt treatment is possible.

Depending on the intended use, the addition of other animal hair and / or wool and / or other natural fibers or residues and waste is also within the scope of the application, but the mixing ratio must be chosen so as not to eliminate the benefits of using sheep wool.

Zastupuj e

13.11.95 ?? / - 19 Z 02090/95-GB ^: 4 '' 35 .33-O;

PATENT TOOLS 'Y

Claims (12)

Façades, claddings and surface elements of buildings and structures, characterized in that the exposed sheath of the weather consists of stitched and ready-made animal wool, in particular sheep wool. Facades, cladding and surface elements of buildings and structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer skin consists of a facade felt (1). Facades, claddings and surface elements of buildings and structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer skin consists of a facade felt (1) which is connected to fleece bulky webs (9) which are not exposed to the weather. Facades, claddings and surface elements of buildings and structures according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the facade felt (1) is connected to fleece bulky strips (9) of the web (A) with spacing (B). Facades, cladding and surface elements of buildings and structures according to claim 2, characterized in that the facade felt (1) is connected to felt strips (11) of width (B). Facades, cladding and surface elements of buildings and structures according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the facade felt (1) is connected in the region (D) with fleece bulky webs (9) and in the regions (C; E). the facade felt (1) is not connected to the webs (9). Facades, cladding and surface elements of buildings and structures according to claim 2, characterized in that the facade felt (1) is connected to another facade felt (1) by an intermediate wire mesh (16), which is provided with gripping hooks (17). . Facades, claddings and surface elements of buildings and structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer shell consists of corrugated strips of wool fleece whose regions (F) are normally felted and whose regions (G) are very firmly felted. Facades, claddings and surface elements of buildings and structures according to claim 8, characterized in that the corrugated web of wool fleece is connected with its smooth side to the facade felt (1) or in the area (G) with the facade felt (1). . Facades, cladding and surface elements of buildings and structures according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the facade felt (1), two facade felt (1) connected to each other by a wire mesh (16) and a corrugated web of wool fleece or a corrugated strip of wool fleece sewn with facade felt (1) is provided with a frame for special purposes, for example for noise barriers. Facades, cladding and surface elements of buildings and structures according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the sheep wool is mixed with other natural fibers before its processing and dressing, the sheep wool proportion being greater than that of the other components. Building facades, facings and cladding elements according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that stabilizing and / or impregnating agents are added to the sheep wool during its processing, after which the sheep wool is ready-made.