RU2238379C2 - Production method for outer enclosures of light-weight buildings in countryside - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, particularly for constructing sheds, threshing-floors, sheep yards and other structures.

SUBSTANCE: method involves building frame; placing compact plates having bent edges on frame; spraying urea-formaldehyde resin on outer and inner surfaces of enclosure. Plates are fabricated in predetermined method by impregnating and covering straw material with specified components.

EFFECT: improved operating abilities.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of construction, mainly agricultural, and can be applied in rural areas for the construction of canopies, currents, nightmares and other buildings.

A known method of manufacturing external fences, including the installation of a support frame, fastening on its outer side a waterproof sheet material, and on the inside of the reinforcement in the form of a Rabitz net, and spraying the last urea-formaldehyde foam (Kobozev I.V., Gritsinin G.V., Chudnovsky BD A device for storing plant materials. - Auth. Certificate No. 1321386, 04/26/85, A 01 F 25/14).

The method requires the use of relatively expensive sheet material, associated with the production of CF-foam, which requires a road train.

A known method of manufacturing thatched, reed, reed roofs, including the manufacture of a supporting frame of the roof and laying on it a layer of straw material (Shepelev A.M. How to build a rural house. - M .: Rosagropromizdat, 1991, - p.237).

The disadvantage of this method is that the roof rots, burns well, swells with the wind.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a method of manufacturing roofs, in which straw material is formed into bundles, moistened with clay solution, moistened layer by layer, placed on a frame with a bend around its fastening longitudinal elements, after laying several strips, the straw material is slightly combed and the clay solution is aligned (Shepelev A.M. How to build a rural house. - M .: Rosagropromizdat, 1991. - p.237-241).

The disadvantages of this method are the high complexity, before drying the roof is very heavy, therefore, the manufacture of a very strong frame is required. The method is practically unsuitable for the construction of wall fencing, as the straw material moistened with clay "drains" from the frame due to the high gravity and weak adhesive properties. It should be noted the deterioration of the thermal insulation properties of the coating due to wetting with a clay solution. The coating requires constant care, as the clay is washed off by the rains, and the straw gradually rots.

The claimed invention is aimed at solving the problem: simplification of the design, while simplifying the technology and improving the operational properties of the external fence, including increase fire safety, water resistance, resistance to high temperatures and mechanical stress.

The straw material is folded into plates that are easy to lay, and the plates are glued to each other, treated with anti-foam preparations, which, reacting with each other, form gypsum and a fire-resistant polymer.

To solve this problem, in a method of manufacturing outdoor fencing for light buildings in rural areas, including the formation of straw material into compact elements, their impregnation with an adhesive gel-forming composition and fastening on a skeleton with partial overlapping of each other, straw material (reed, straw, reed) is formed into in the form of plates with a curved edge before they are laid and fixed on the skeleton (i.e., on the ground), laying is carried out after the adhesive has cured, with additional application to the inner surfaces ednego.

This problem is most fully solved due to the fact that KF-resin and its hardener are used as an adhesive composition, moreover, the straw material is initially treated with a hardener and then with a resin.

The solution to the problem is facilitated by the fact that M-3 fastener is used as a KF resin, and a saturated solution of an acid salt having flame retardant properties is used as a hardener.

The goal is most fully achieved due to the fact that lime is introduced into the straw material before the plates are formed from it, and ammonium sulfate is taken as the ammonium salt, adding it after the straw is wetted with a hardener solution. In addition, prior to the hardening of the adhesive composition, a layer of mineral dust-like material is applied to the plates, on which KF resin with a hardener is sprayed.

After the laying of plates of straw material is completed, resin with a hardener is sprayed onto the entire outer and inner surfaces of the fence.

Due to the fact that elements of straw material are formed in the form of plates with a curved edge before they are laid and secured to the skeleton, and they are laid after the adhesive has hardened with additional application to the inner surfaces of the plates, the material consumption of the frame is sharply reduced, self-fabrication of the fence is facilitated, since light plates hang on it and stick to it. In this case, the fence is more durable, since the plates are glued to each other and the frame due to the processing of their lower surface with an adhesive composition. For the same reason, fire safety is also reduced.

Due to the fact that KF-resin is used as an adhesive composition and its hardener, the plates (or plates) acquire very high strength, do not crumble, are waterproof and have a very low weight, and at the same time the resistance to fire increases, and this effect increases if initially the straw material is wetted with a hardener, and then CF resin. Wetting with a hardener gives the straw elasticity, which allows it to be compacted and leveled in the form of plates or plates.

The above effect is enhanced if M-3 fastener is used as a KF resin, which has better adhesive ability and emits less formaldehyde even when using a hardener with a lower acid number, which allows using a saturated solution of any acid salt that has flame retardant properties, i.e. . any acid salt other than nitrate may be used.

Due to the fact that they take ammonium salt as an acid salt, fire safety is increased, and the technology is facilitated, because available substances are used: ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, which are fertilizers, and these compounds inhibit the release of formaldehyde, contribute to a certain degree of elasticity of the plates, which improves their contact with each other, and hence their bonding. In addition, ammonium salts, as our studies have shown, contribute to the polymerization of the M-3 fastener in the form of a very branched polymer, rather than a linear one. This gives strength to the bonding of straw particles.

Due to the fact that lime is added to the straw material, and ammonium sulfate is taken as the ammonium salt, adding its compounds and after wetting the straw with its solution, gypsum forms in the straw material, which improves the operational properties, including and fire resistance. This effect is further enhanced by the fact that prior to the curing of the CF resin, i.e. adhesive composition, a layer of mineral pulverulent material (sand, clay, gypsum) is applied to the plates, on which CF resin with a hardener is sprayed. As a result of this treatment, a refractory non-shedding layer is formed.

Due to the fact that after the laying of plates of straw material on the entire outer and inner surface of the fence, KF resin with a hardener is sprayed, a water-resistant monolithic refractory film is formed that glues the straw material into a smooth shell, which further increases its strength, water resistance and fire safety.

Thus, thanks to the totality of features, the most complete achievement of the goal is ensured.

The proposed method is illustrated in figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 presents a diagram of a plate (slab) of straw material; figure 2 is a sectional diagram of an external fence.

The proposed method is as follows.

Example 1. The straw material 1 (reeds, reeds, straw) is leveled and laid out on a horizontal surface 2 with an even layer (Fig. 1) in the form of a plate or plate, one edge of which is bent around the cylinder 3 (plastic, metal, wood, etc. .). After that, the straw material is impregnated with an adhesive material, for example, a solution of gypsum (clay can be), compacting with blows of a board or plate. In order that the straw material 1 does not stick to the surface 2, a loose flame retardant material is applied to it: sand, gypsum, clay, lime. After hardening, a monolithic plate or plate with a curved end is obtained (Fig. 1).

At the same time, a smooth layer 4 is formed on the upper part of the plate; moreover, if necessary, it is specially formed, applying adhesive material in excess. On the lower side, a layer 5 is formed of glued particles of loose pulverulent material. This layer 5 is rough. After hardening, an adhesive composition is applied to the inner surface of the plates, especially since there is a rough layer 5 on it that holds this composition, and then immediately with the help of the curved edge of the plate they are attached to the horizontal elements 6 (poles) of the core with partial overlap of each other. Due to the presence of an adhesive composition (shown in bold 7), the plates are glued to each other and to the elements 6 of the skeleton.

Due to the fact that the plates are fixed in a dry form, the load on the skeleton is weakened, so its design can be simplified.

Example 2. All operations are carried out as in example 1, but KF-resin (KF-0) and hardener are used as the adhesive composition, and a solution of sulfuric acid (acid number ~ 10) is used as the latter. The resin and hardener are used simultaneously. The resulting coating is more waterproof, light and durable than in example 1.

Example 3. All operations are carried out in the same way as in example 2, but the straw is pre-moistened with a hardener, and then CF resin. The result is a smoother and more durable plate. The temperature of their ignition increased by 4-6 ° C.

Examples 2 and 3 substantiate paragraph 2 of the claims of the alleged invention.

Example 4. All operations are carried out as in example 3, but as a CF-resin, they use M-3 fastener (Kuskovsky chemical plant), and as a hardener a saturated solution of acid salt - acid sodium sulfate (or acid monosubstituted sodium phosphate, or double superphosphate , but not saltpeter). The bonding strength of straw particles has increased, while a certain elasticity of the plates has been preserved, which facilitates their bonding to each other and laying. At the same time, formaldehyde emission decreased and the fire safety of the technology increased.

Example 4 substantiates paragraph 3 of the claims.

Pvimer 5. All operations are carried out as in example 4, but as an acidic flame retardant salt they take an ammonium salt - diammonium phosphate (ammonium chloride can be). The results of research and testing showed that the release of formaldehyde decreased, the bonding strength of the straw material increased, the polymerisation time of the resin was reduced by 20-30%, while maintaining greater elasticity of the plates. The technology has been simplified, as ammonium salts are produced as fertilizers.

Thus proven paragraph 4 of the claims.

Example 6. All operations are carried out in the same way, but lime is introduced into the straw material during the formation of plates (slabs) (it can be poured, it can be sprayed in the form of an emulsion), and then the decomposed straw is treated with a saturated solution of ammonium sulfate, and this salt is added in solid form. The latter can be carried out additionally after processing the straw with KF resin, which accelerates its polymerization. Tests have shown that lime reacts with ammonium sulfate, forming gypsum, which sticks together particles of straw, encrusts them, reducing flammability. Compared with example 5, the ignition temperature increased by 40-60 ° C.

Example 6 substantiates paragraph 5 of the claims.

Example 7. All operations are carried out as in example 6, but immediately after spraying the adhesive composition, i.e. of M-3 fastener, a layer of mineral bulk material is applied, on which M-3 fastener with a solution of ammonium sulfate is sprayed. As a result of this treatment, a water-resistant refractory layer forms on the plate surface, the ignition temperature increased by another 40-65 ° C.

Example 7 justifies paragraph 6 of the claims of the present invention.

Example 8. All operations are carried out as in example 7, but after the assembly of the fence is completed, Kf resin with a hardener (M-3 fastener and a solution of ammonium sulfate) is applied to its outer and inner surface. With this treatment, a monolithic fire-resistant film 8 is formed, fastening all the plates together.

After the construction of the fence is completed, it can be plastered with a thin layer and whitewashed with lime. Such a room can be used not only as a warehouse, livestock, but also as domestic or residential, especially in conditions of high seismicity. In the latter case, the frame can be installed on wooden bars connected to each other in the corners.

Claims (5)

1. A method of manufacturing an outdoor fence for light buildings in rural areas, comprising forming straw material into compact elements, impregnating them with an adhesive gel-hardening compound, and attaching to the skeleton with partial overlap of each other, characterized in that the elements of the straw material are formed in the form of plates with curved edge before laying and fixing on the frame, and laying is carried out after hardening of the adhesive composition, and the straw material is initially processed when forming the plates hardener, and then urea-formaldehyde resin. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as a urea-formaldehyde resin, a M-3 fastener is used, and as a hardener a saturated solution of an acid salt having flame retardant properties. 3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the acid salt is ammonium salt. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that lime is introduced into the straw material when forming plates from it, and ammonium sulfate is used as a hardener. 5. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that prior to the hardening of the adhesive composition, a layer of mineral bulk material is applied to the plates, on which a urea-formaldehyde resin with a hardener is sprayed.

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