CS216075B1 - Method of making the electrically heated glass panes and ceramic materials - Google Patents
Method of making the electrically heated glass panes and ceramic materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS216075B1 CS216075B1 CS277477A CS277477A CS216075B1 CS 216075 B1 CS216075 B1 CS 216075B1 CS 277477 A CS277477 A CS 277477A CS 277477 A CS277477 A CS 277477A CS 216075 B1 CS216075 B1 CS 216075B1
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- resistance
- heating conductor
- glass
- strips
- galvanic
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000168254 Siro Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010946 fine silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013383 initial experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
- H01C17/06—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD19254776A DD125262A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | 1976-04-28 | 1976-04-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS216075B1 true CS216075B1 (en) | 1982-10-29 |
Family
ID=5504340
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS277477A CS216075B1 (en) | 1976-04-28 | 1977-04-27 | Method of making the electrically heated glass panes and ceramic materials |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CS (1) | CS216075B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| DD (1) | DD125262A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| DE (1) | DE2715709A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| HU (1) | HU182747B (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3543694A1 (de) * | 1985-12-11 | 1987-06-19 | Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren zum herstellen von kontaktbahnen auf substraten, insbesondere auf scheiben, und durch das verfahren hergestellte scheiben |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1796310C3 (de) * | 1964-11-09 | 1974-10-31 | Compagnie De Saint-Gobain-Pont-Amousson, Neuilly-Sur-Seine (Frankreich) | Verwendung einer metallisches Silber und eine niedrig schmelzende Fritte enthaltenden Paste zur Herstellung einer aus vorgespanntem Glas bestehenden heizbaren Autoscheibe und Vorrichtung zu ihrer Herstellung. Ausscheidung aus: 1480445 |
| DE2055849B2 (de) * | 1970-11-13 | 1971-12-02 | Spiegelglaswerke Germania Zweigniederlassung Der Glaceries De Saint-Roch, S.A., 5050 Porz | Verfahren zur herstellung einer elektrisch/ beheizbaren glasscheibe mit einem endwiderstand innerhalb enger toleranz grenzen |
-
1976
- 1976-04-28 DD DD19254776A patent/DD125262A1/xx unknown
-
1977
- 1977-04-07 DE DE19772715709 patent/DE2715709A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-04-20 HU HUWI000283 patent/HU182747B/hu unknown
- 1977-04-27 CS CS277477A patent/CS216075B1/cs unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HU182747B (en) | 1984-03-28 |
| DD125262A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | 1977-04-13 |
| DE2715709A1 (de) | 1977-11-17 |
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