CN88101254A - 借助于催化剂处理氮和氧的设备 - Google Patents

借助于催化剂处理氮和氧的设备 Download PDF

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CN88101254A
CN88101254A CN88101254.8A CN88101254A CN88101254A CN 88101254 A CN88101254 A CN 88101254A CN 88101254 A CN88101254 A CN 88101254A CN 88101254 A CN88101254 A CN 88101254A
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beds
equipment
heat exchanger
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interchanger
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CN1013574B (zh
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汉斯-约希姆·海尔伯特
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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Uhde GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
    • C01C1/0423—Cold wall reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/0005—Catalytic processes under superatmospheric pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0407—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
    • B01J8/0415—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00194—Tubes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及借助于催化处理氮和氧的设备，该设备至少使用了一个沿轴向安装于压力容器中且其四周围绕有催化剂床层的同心换热器，该设备备有供气体通入上述换热器管束的中央进气拱顶，同时还配备有挡板以便使离开换热器管束的气体沿径向由外向内地流过第一催化剂床层。这种构造形式特别适用于在进入催化剂床尽之前控制温度和气流并为装配与维修创造了最佳条件。就上述设备来说，本发明的目的可通过下述方法实现，即在第一管式换热器的中心装置一个排放管，供在第一催化剂床层内产生并沿换热器管上升的气体通过，该排放管上部有一个上述气体的收集口。

Description

本发明涉及借助于催化处理氮和氧的设备，该设备至少使用了一个沿轴向安装于压力容器中且其四周围绕有催化剂床层的同心换热器，该设备备有供气体通入上述换热器管束的中央进气拱顶，同时还配备有挡板以便使离开换热器管束的气体沿径向由外向内地流过第一催化剂床层。
举例来说，DE-PS2710247描述了一种类似设备的各种实施方案。这些已知设备有一个共同特征，即：离开第一催化剂床层并被送往换热器的气体要么是围绕着第一催化剂床层的上部流向第二催化剂床层，要么就是通过靠近催化剂床层的换热器的外部流下。
使用上述已知设备时，难以控制其操作，例如，很难控制第二催化剂床层所需的进口温度。此外，组装和拆卸这些已知设备常常需要昂贵而复杂的部件。
本发明的目的在于设计一种设备，以改善在气流进入催化剂床层之前对气流及其温度的控制，并使设备的组装和维护达到最优化。
就上述设备来说，本发明的目的可通过下述方法实现，即在第一管式换热器的中心装备一个排放管，供在第一催化剂床层内产生并沿换热器管上升的气体通过，该排放管上部有一个上述气体的收集口。
业已发现，中央排放管具有如下优点：如果需要，能提供得到控制的径向气流，通过第一催化剂床层和设置在床层中心的换热器。换热器的管束可装在上述排放管的周围与排放管同心，这样便于管束的组装。此外，该排放管适合于发挥下述功效。
本发明为中央排放管提供了进料管，进料管用来将急冷气送入排放管的上部。
该实施方案易于控制通过排放管并进入第二催化剂床层的气体的温度。在使用已知设备时，须通过一对流型无明确限制的室来实现控制，因此不可能在下游催化床层的整个入口段达到所需的温度。本发明可提供解决这一问题的简便方法。
建议至少要为管式换热器提供一条急冷气进料管，该时料管由上向下地通过换热器一直到出口段。按照本发明，有许多条这样的急冷气进料管通过换热器管束，并连接到一个共用环形管线上。
这一构造形式便于根据经过第一换热器预热的气体的出口温度来控制第一催化剂床层进口处的气体温度。
该设备的设计应使同心换热器具有一个下管板，该管板可自顶部取出且下端受到轴环支撑。已知设备的含有上述部件的压力容器常备有上盖，以从上部将换热器，催化剂床层等装入。
本发明的构造形式使组装大大方便了，因为换热器易于从顶部插入第一催化剂床层中，且很好地得到催化剂床层的轴环的支撑。
根据另一实施方案，在催化剂床层的轴环之间夹有垫片如迷宫式垫片。可借助于带垫片的螺栓将管板装在轴环上，但其它固定元件也适用。
在另一实施方案中，为了便于安装环管和急冷气管，将这些部件连接在换热器中套管的法兰上且可从上面取出。此外，借助固定在固定中央排放管进气端上的组装板可将下游催化剂床层的急冷气管向上取出。
本发明还提供了一个中央排放管进气端，该进气端有一入口并借助于一个可从上面拆除的挠性连接器连接在排入管上。
这种构造形式如下图所示。
图1为本发明设备的截面图。
图2和图3为换热器上部的放大图。
图4和5为第一换热器下部的放大图。
根据图1，设备1由借助于压力盖3密封的立式压力容器2和未详细表示出来的支承结构4所组成。
压力容器含有两个同心催化剂床层5和6，催化剂床层5内放置有同心管式换热器7。
待处理的气体如氮或氢经上部喷嘴8进入压力容器并经入口拱顶9流入换热器7。通过换热器管后，气体经环隙10流出，在催化剂床层5的外面上升以便流过所述催化剂床层然后再通过换热器7。最后，经上收集口11进入中央排放管12，图1中的箭头表示气流。气流经管线12排放到第二催化剂床层6的下通道13中。
本发明的特征如下：两条急冷气管线14和15连接在压力容器2的封盖3上。急冷气由进料管线14排放至环形管16中，上述管线的一段示于图3。与环形管16相通的下流管17，通过换热器7的全部管束一直延伸至环隙10为止，如图1所示。因此，可将急冷气经管线16和17送入环隙，与进入第一催化剂床层之前的气体混合。
急冷气管线15与中央排放管12的进气端相通使急冷气与通过上收集口11进入的气体混合。这一构造形式适合于控制进入第二催化剂床层6的气流。
通过将同心管式换热器7装在第一催化剂床层的下部轴环18/18a（见图4和5）上可获得最佳互换性。图4所示的实施方案表明，轴环18稍稍向中心倾斜，因而为换热器7的下管板19提供了支承面。如图4所示，接触面有一迷宫式垫圈20。
根据图5所示的另一实施方案，轴环18a几乎是水平的，借助于带垫片的螺栓而固定的管板19a采用了标准垫20a，间隔管用22标明。
采用迷宫式垫片与带垫片的螺栓的各种组合也是可行的。
如图2和3所示，上部螺栓连接被安排在固定式排放管12和单独的套管23之间，它们是借助于挠性接头24而连接的。上部急冷气管15也借助于螺栓从上面拧紧固定在换热器7上。环形管线16/下流管17与换热器7之间的连接方式与此相似。此时，还装上挠性密封元件25。挠性密封元件25和/或24可包括伸缩接头或填料箱，但本发明还可提供其它适宜的类型。
须注意的是，套管26并非用于气体，所以它起到了所需的绝缘作用。
在不离开本发明基本实质的前提下，当然可对上述实施方案进行改进和/或再设计。因此，本发明决不限于附图所示的支承和密封装置。

Claims (10)

1、催化处理氮和氧的设备，其中至少采用了一个沿压力容器轴向安装的同心换热器，换热器四周围绕有催化剂床层，该设备配置有一个中央进气拱顶，以使进料气进入换热器的管束，还配置有一个挡板以便使气体离开换热器管后沿径向自外向内地流过第一催化剂床层，该设备的特征在于在换热器(9)的中央安装有排放管(12)供在第一催化剂床层(5)内产生并沿换热器管道上升的气体通过，该中央排入管(12)具有上部收集口(11)。
2、按照权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于中央排放管（12）有一个用以将急冷气送入上述排放管进气端的专用管线（15）
3、根据上述任何一项权利要求所述的设备，其特征在于至少有一条急冷气进料管线（17）换热器（7）的第束到达上述管道（9）的出口段（10）。
4、根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于有许多急冷气进料管线（17）经过上述管束与共用环形管线（16）连接。
5、按照上述任何一项权利要求所述的设备，其特征在于换热器（7）具有一个可自上部取出并受到催化剂床层（5）下端的轴环支撑的下管板（9）。
6、按照权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于将垫片（20）如迷宫式垫片）放在换热器（7）的下管板（19）和催化剂床层（5）的轴环（18）之间。
7、按照权利要求5或6所述的设备，其特征在于下管板（19）借助于带垫片的螺栓（21）固定在催化剂床层（5a）的下部轴环（19a）上。
8、按照权利要求5所述的设备，其特征在于环形管线（16）连接在换热器中套管（26）的法兰上，且可自上面取出。
9、按照权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于用于下游催化剂床层（6）的急冷气管（15）可借助于安装在固定中央排放管（12）上的组装板向上取出。
10、按照上述权利要求中任何一项权利要求所述的设备，其特征在于配备有进料口（11）的中央排放管时气端借助于可从上面卸除的挠性连接器连接在上述管线上。
CN88101254A 1987-03-26 1988-03-10 借助于催化剂处理氮和氧的设备 Expired CN1013574B (zh)

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DE19873710004 DE3710004A1 (de) 1987-03-26 1987-03-26 Vorrichtung zur katalytischen behandlung von stickstoff und wasserstoff
DEP3710004.1 1987-03-26

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AT (1) ATE67100T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU598111B2 (zh)
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DE (2) DE3710004A1 (zh)
DK (1) DK166436B1 (zh)
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CN114173918A (zh) * 2019-09-03 2022-03-11 托普索公司 具有经支撑的重整器管的重整炉
CN115417428A (zh) * 2022-06-29 2022-12-02 夏允涛 一种氨合成塔

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114173918A (zh) * 2019-09-03 2022-03-11 托普索公司 具有经支撑的重整器管的重整炉
US11918991B2 (en) 2019-09-03 2024-03-05 Haldor Topsøe A/S Reformer furnace with supported reformer tubes
CN115417428A (zh) * 2022-06-29 2022-12-02 夏允涛 一种氨合成塔

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DK74788A (da) 1988-09-27
FI881443A (fi) 1988-09-27
DE3710004A1 (de) 1988-10-06
DE3864716D1 (de) 1991-10-17
CN1013574B (zh) 1991-08-21
JPS63274612A (ja) 1988-11-11
ES2024559B3 (es) 1992-03-01
AU598111B2 (en) 1990-06-14
ZA88986B (en) 1988-08-11
CA1303824C (en) 1992-06-23
EP0285757A1 (de) 1988-10-12
NO880787L (no) 1988-09-27
EP0285757B1 (de) 1991-09-11
FI881443A0 (fi) 1988-03-25
ATE67100T1 (de) 1991-09-15
AU1300388A (en) 1988-09-29
DK166436B1 (da) 1993-05-24
JPH0672014B2 (ja) 1994-09-14
DK74788D0 (da) 1988-02-12
NO880787D0 (no) 1988-02-23

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