CN1078093C - 用于循环流化床炉的外部流化床 - Google Patents

用于循环流化床炉的外部流化床 Download PDF

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CN1078093C
CN1078093C CN97104868A CN97104868A CN1078093C CN 1078093 C CN1078093 C CN 1078093C CN 97104868 A CN97104868 A CN 97104868A CN 97104868 A CN97104868 A CN 97104868A CN 1078093 C CN1078093 C CN 1078093C
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chamber
fluidized bed
heat exchange
manifold
fluid
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CN1167651A (zh
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让·奥布里
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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GEC Alsthom Stein Industrie
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种密集流化床，包括一壳体(1)内的一个导入固体颗粒的腔室(2)，并配备有流化空气底部供人箱(3)、设在底壁(2A)上的流化空气喷嘴(4)、以及热交换器(5)。热交换器由一些用以输送热交换流体的平行的管排构成。每一管排在底部与纵向设置在壳体内的热交换流体输入总管(6)相连接，在顶部与纵向设置在壳体内的加热后流体的输出总管相连接。输入总管(6)容纳在腔室的底壁(2A)中，输出总管(7)设置在腔室(2)的内部，并且设置了至少一个穿过腔室壁的加热后的热交换流体的排出管(8)。

Description

用于循环流化床炉的外部流化床
本发明涉及一种用于循环流化床炉的外部流化床。
更具体地说，本发明涉及密集流化床，它包括一壳体内的一个导入固体颗粒的腔室，并且配备有流化空气底部供入箱、设在底壁上的流化空气喷嘴、以及热交换器。热交换器由一些用以输送热交换流体的平行的管排构成，它们横向布置在腔室中并且从腔室的顶壁上悬吊下来。每一管排在底部与纵向设置在壳体内的热交换流体输入总管相连接，在顶部与纵向设置在壳体内的加热流体输出总管相连接。
在现有技术的这类外部流化床中，输入和输出总管设在壳体的外面。输入总管位于壳体的侧面，为了与输入总管连接，热交换管排具有伸出壳体的第一部分；输出总管位于壳体的顶部，为了与输出总管连接，热交换管排具有伸出壳体的第二部分。因此，这两部分其中之一穿过壳体的侧壁，另一个穿过壳体的顶壁，形成了侧部和顶部的突出部分。这在流化床总体尺寸的设计时必须予以考虑。
此外，在安装和修理时，为了拆卸壳体外面的管部，需要对这些壳壁进行干预。
本发明目的在于解决这些问题，提出一种结构紧凑的、特别是能够简便迅速地制造和维修的流化床。
为实现这一目的，根据本发明，输入总管容纳在腔室的底壁中，输出总管设置在腔室的内部，并且设置了至少一个穿过腔室壁的加热后的热交换流体的排出管。
在本发明的较佳实施例中，输出总管设置在腔室顶壁的下方，所说的排出管穿过顶壁。
两个总管最好沿着腔室的纵向中心平面设置。
所有管排的管最好都大致等长。
输入总管最好容纳在腔室底壁中的沟槽内并覆盖砂子。
热交换流体的供入管有利地穿过流化箱并且连接到输入总管上。
本发明还涉及燃烧设备。它包括循环流化床炉，有一个气体出口导入到旋风分离器中，由此收集的固体颗粒再由前述的外部流化床进行处理。
下面结合附图详细描述本发明，附图表示了本发明的一个较佳实施例。其中，
图1是本发明流化床的立体图，剖开了其中的一部分壁；
图2是该流化床的截面视图。
这种密集流化床包括：在一个由筋强化金属板20和内部混凝土层21构成的壳体1中，有三个腔室：
—固体颗粒接收室11，固体颗粒经过孔12导入该室；
—腔室2，固体颗粒在越过第一壁13后进入该室；
—固体颗粒排出室15，该室的一部分示于图1中，固体颗粒越过第二壁14后容纳于该室中，该室具有图中未示出的固体颗粒排出孔。
腔室2具有流化空气的底部供入箱3、设置在腔室2底壁2A上的流化空气喷嘴4、以及热交换器5。热交换器由一些用以输送热交换流体(例如蒸汽)的平行的管排构成，它们横向布置在腔室2中并且从腔室2的顶壁2B上悬吊下来。每一管排在底部与纵向设置在壳体1内的热交换流体输入总管6相连接，在顶部与纵向设置在壳体1内的加热后流体输出总管7相连接。
因此，在腔室2中发生固体颗粒的密集流化以及通过热交换器5回收热量。
这种类型的流化床一般用于由循环流化床炉构成的燃烧设备，它有一个气体出口导入到旋风分离器中，由此收集的固体颗粒由前述的外部流化床进行处理，至少其中的一部分固体颗粒被重新喷射到循环流化床炉中。
输入总管6装在腔室2的底壁2A中并位于腔室2的中心平面上。更确切地说，它被容纳在腔室2的底壁2A中的沟槽9内，并且用砂或混凝土16覆盖，以便使其固定并予以保护。热交换流体的供入管10穿过流化空气底部供入箱3，并且通过T型连接器连接到输入总管6上。
输入总管6与一些发夹形的热交换管排相连。这些管排以通常的方式大致为水平地延伸到与壁13、14等高。管排成对地通过两个垂直的支承管17、18从腔室2的顶壁2B上悬吊下来。两支承管与输入总管6相连，穿过顶壁2B，并且具有与输出总管7相连的折返部分17A、18A。管排的各管也都与输出总管7相连。支承管17、18可以是如法国专利FR-2622963中所述的那种类型，通过一些连接元件连接到管排的水平部分上，以此提供机械支承和液流连通。支承管构成了某一发夹形管的延伸部分。发夹形管的水平部分都是等长的，这就消除了支承管17、18中的应力差。
覆盖着混凝土的输出总管7设置在腔室2的内部，位于腔室2的纵向中心平面中。更确切地说，位于腔室2顶壁2B的下方，并且至少设有一个加热后的热交换流体的排出管8。排出管8穿过顶壁2B并通过一个T型连接器与输出总管7相连。T型连接器也起着将输出总管7悬吊在顶壁2B上的作用。
在腔室2中也可以安装许多组前述的输出总管和管排，它们在腔室的纵向上对齐。
这样就大大改进了这种类型的流化床的制造方法，减少了现场的制造时间和安装时间。
可以将没有顶壁的壳体1制成第一组件，就象一个打开的盒子。可以在车间或现场中将带有悬吊着的管排和总管6、7的顶壁制成第二组件。在最后的安装阶段中，需要做的仅仅是从上方将第二组件装到第一组件中，将输入总管6装到沟槽9中，放在金属板20上，然后覆盖砂子或混凝土。
这个设备完全是可拆卸的：通过破坏混凝土(如果使用了的话)，吊出第二组件即可。
用砂子覆盖输入总管6就有利于它的拆卸以及对其进行的任何其它作业。
在发生泄漏需要维修时，通过切断受损的一对管排以及这对管排上下方的相应支承管，就可以实施局部拆卸，然后在壳体中平移这对管排，向上或向下移动，以便在移出的管排上进行修理工作。
与现有技术的流化床相比，拆卸只需要较小的顶部空间，因此就能够制造出高度和总尺寸较小的流化床。
由于流化床的这种最新设计，所有的这些管排都位于腔室2中，因此当流体一旦离开输入总管6进入到热交换管排中，即刻便发生了热交换。

Claims (7)

1.密集流化床，包括在一壳体(1)内的一个导入固体颗粒的腔室(2)，并且配备有流化空气底部供入箱(3)、设在底壁(2A)上的流化空气喷嘴(4)、以及热交换器(5)，热交换器由一些用以输送热交换流体的平行的管排构成，它们横向布置在腔室中并且从腔室的顶壁(2B)上悬吊下来，每一管排在底部与纵向设置在壳体内的热交换流体输入总管(6)相连接，在顶部与纵向设置在壳体内的加热后流体的输出总管(7)相连接，其特征在于，输入总管(6)容纳在腔室的底壁(2A)中，输出总管(7)设置在腔室的内部，并且设置了至少一个穿过腔室壁的加热后的热交换流体的排出管(8)。
2.如权利要求1的流化床，其特征在于，输出总管设置在腔室(2)顶壁(2B)的下方，所说的排出管(8)穿过顶壁。
3.如权利要求2的流化床，其特征在于，输入输出总管(6，7)设置在腔室(2)的纵向中心平面内。
4.如权利要求3的流化床，其特征在于，所有管排的管基本上长度相等。
5.如权利要求1的流化床，其特征在于，输入总管(6)容纳在腔室底壁(2A)中的沟槽(9)内并覆盖砂子。
6.如前述任一权利要求的流化床，其特征在于，热交换流体的供入管(10)穿过流化空气底部供入箱(3)并且连接到输入总管(6)上。
7.燃烧设备，包括循环流化床炉，有一个气体出口导入到旋风分离器中，由此收集的固体颗粒再由根据前述任一权利要求的外部流化床进行处理。
CN97104868A 1996-01-31 1997-01-31 用于循环流化床炉的外部流化床 Expired - Lifetime CN1078093C (zh)

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FR9601130A FR2744037B1 (fr) 1996-01-31 1996-01-31 Lit fluidise externe destine a equiper un foyer a lit fluidise circulant
FR9601130 1996-01-31

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US8499702B2 (en) 2010-07-15 2013-08-06 Ensyn Renewables, Inc. Char-handling processes in a pyrolysis system
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BR112019013387B1 (pt) 2016-12-29 2023-03-28 Ensyn Renewables, Inc Desmetalização de biomassa

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FR2744037B1 (fr) 1998-02-27
CN1167651A (zh) 1997-12-17
DE69702352T2 (de) 2001-02-15
EP0787946B1 (fr) 2000-06-28
DK0787946T3 (da) 2000-10-16
FR2744037A1 (fr) 1997-08-01
EP0787946A1 (fr) 1997-08-06
PT787946E (pt) 2000-12-29
ZA97779B (en) 1997-08-13
RU2161283C2 (ru) 2000-12-27
GR3034383T3 (en) 2000-12-29
ES2148910T3 (es) 2000-10-16
DE69702352D1 (de) 2000-08-03

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