AU598111B2 - Device for nitrogen and hydrogen treatment with the aid of a catalyst - Google Patents

Device for nitrogen and hydrogen treatment with the aid of a catalyst Download PDF

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Publication number
AU598111B2
AU598111B2 AU13003/88A AU1300388A AU598111B2 AU 598111 B2 AU598111 B2 AU 598111B2 AU 13003/88 A AU13003/88 A AU 13003/88A AU 1300388 A AU1300388 A AU 1300388A AU 598111 B2 AU598111 B2 AU 598111B2
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
catalyst bed
gas
centre
discharge pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
AU13003/88A
Other versions
AU1300388A (en
Inventor
Heinz Graeve
Hans-Joachim Herbort
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Uhde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uhde GmbH filed Critical Uhde GmbH
Publication of AU1300388A publication Critical patent/AU1300388A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU598111B2 publication Critical patent/AU598111B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0417—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the synthesis reactor, e.g. arrangement of catalyst beds and heat exchangers in the reactor
    • C01C1/0423—Cold wall reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/0005—Catalytic processes under superatmospheric pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0407—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
    • B01J8/0415—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00194—Tubes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The device having at least one heat exchanger (7) axially arranged concentrically in a pressure vessel (2) and a catalyst bed (5) surrounding the heat exchanger consists of an essentially centrally arranged feed bell (9) for feeding the gas to the tube bundle of the heat exchanger (7) and deflecting the gas leaving the heat exchanger tubes, so that it flows radially from the outside inwards through the first catalyst bed. In the interior of the first tube bundle heat exchanger (7), a concentric centrally located discharge tube (12) is provided for the gas which flows upwards, as viewed in the direction of gravity, around the heat exchanger tubes (7) and leaves the first catalyst bed (5), the central discharge tube (12) being provided with upper collection orifices (11) for this gas.

Description

1 P
I
803-P15/EA/AC/1283T.7 AUSTRALIA59 PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(ORIGINAL)
FOR OFFICE USE Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority: Related Art: This /anel ^dnnt co"tains the ection 49 id e e nder printing s correct for TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT Name of Applicant: SAddress of Applicant: Actual Inventor: Address for Service: UHDE GmbH Friedrich-Uhde-Str. 4600 Dortmund 1, Germany 1) Hans-Joachim Herbort 2) Heinz Graeve ARTHUR S. CAVE CO.
Patent Trade Mark Attorneys Level Barrack Street SYDNEY N.S.W. 2000
AUSTRALIA
00 Complete Specification for the invention entitled w =r r _:iA \\-C0CCiA L c ^i\\.wC~ezar\ Q/Vp. oAA c0-<t s^e The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to me:- 1 ASC 49 c l I -u 2
II
The invention rel'ates to a device for the catalytic treatment of nitrogen and oxygen with the aid of a catalyst, using at least one concentric heat exchanger arranged axially in a pressure vessel and surrounded by a catalyst bed, said device being equipped with a centre inlet dome for feeding gas to the tube bundle of said heat exchanger and with a deflector conceived such that the gas leaving the heat exchanger tubes flows radially through the first catalyst bed from the external ai to the internal side.
DE-PS 27 10 247, for instance, describes various embodiments of a similar device. The known devices have a common feature: The gases leaving the first catalyst bed and fed to the heat exchanger either flow around the upper part of the first catalyst bed to the second bed or they descend through the outer section of the heat exchanger near the a catalyst beds.
t In the case of the known devices, there are difficulties oi with regard to the control functions, e.g. when the inlet temperature required for the second catalyst bed has to be controlled. Moreover, the known devices often have costly and aI It a complicated components required for assembly aid disassembly.
The aim of the invention is to design a device for improving the gas stream and temperature control before said gas streams enter the catalyst beds and for optimizing the (1244E) CZ) VAQ-0 '11 L ellY 2a assembly and maintenance.
In the case of the above dCvice, the aim of the invention is achieved by means of a discharge pipe mounted in the centre of the first tubular heat exchanger and used for the gas originating from the first catalyst bed and ascending along the heat exchanger tubes, the upper section of said discharge pipe having collecting openings for this gas.
t t (1244E) Li-- It has been found that the centre discharge pipe offers the advantages described -be-low:-f-I--r-e'qui-red, it'is" possible"'to p'ovide a controlled radial gas stream through the first catalyst bed and the heat exchanger arranged in the centre of said bed. The tube bundle of the heat exchanger can be mounted concentrically around said discharge pipe and this configuration facilitates the assembly of the bundles. Moreover, said pipe is suitable for the functions described below.
The invention provides for a centre discharge pipe with a feed line for piping the quench gas into the upper section of the discharge pipe.
This embodiment permits a simple control of the inlet temperature of the gas flowing through the discharge pipe and entering the second catalyst bed. In the case of the known devices, this control I has to be effected via a chamber not clearly defined with regard to the flow pattern and, consequently, it is impossible that the required temperature will be attained in the whole inlet section of the downstream catalyst bed. The invention provides for a simple solution to this problem.
It is recommended that at least one quench gas feed line be provided for the tubular heat exchanger, said feed line passing through the heat exchanger down to the outlet section. According to the invention, a plurality of such quench gas feed lines should pass through the tube bundle of the heat exchanger and be connected o to a common ring line.
This configuration facilitates the gas temperature control at the inlet of the first catalyst bed, depending on the outlet temperature of the gases preheated in the first heat exchanger.
The device should be designed such that the concentric heat exchanger has a lower tubesheet which can be removed from the top and is supported by a collar at the lower end.
RVPP07001D40188 -3 ,;iiii! ii The pressure vessel of the known devices which contains the components mentioned- above are often provided -with-an-upper-cover-permitting the installation of heat exchangers, catalyst beds, etc.
from above. The invention provides for a configuration facilitating substantially the assembly because the heat exchanger can easily be inserted from the top into the first catalyst bed and is adequately supported by the collar of the catalyst bed.
According to a further embodiment, a gasket such as a labyrinth gasket is placed between the lower tubesheet and the collar of the catalyst bed. It is possible to mount said tubesheet onto the collar by means of spacer bolts but other fixing elements are also suitable.
A further embodiment provides for easy installation of the ring tube and quench gas tubes, said components being attached to the flanges of the sleeve pipes in the heat exchanger and removable from above. Moreover, the.quench gas tube for the downstream catalyst bed can be removed upwards with the aid of an assembly plate fitted to the head of the stationary centre discharge pipe.
The invention provides also for a centre discharge pipe head which I has an inlet opening and is attached to said pipe by means of a flexible connector removable from above.
The figures indicated below illustrate the configuration: Fig. 1: Cross-sectional view of the device according to the invention Fig. 2 and 3: Enlarged view of the upper section of the heat exchanger Fig. 4 and Enlarged view of the lower section of the first heat exchanger RVPP07001D40188 ~u i_ i -r _L Device 1 according to Fig. 1 consists of vertical pressure vessel 2 sealed by means of pressure cover 3 and a supporting structure 4 not shown in detail.
The pressure vessel contains two concentric catalyst beds 5 and 6, catalyst bed 5 housing the concentric tubular heat exchanger 7.
The gases to be treated, such as nitrogen or hydrogen, enter the pressure vessel via upper nozzle 8 and flow through inlet dome 9 into heat exchanger 7. After passing through the heat exchanger tubes, the gases leave via annular space 10, ascending in the outer section of catalyst bed 5 in order to be sent through said catalyst bed and again through heat exchanger 7. The gases finally enter centre discharge pipe 12 via upper collecting openings 11, the arrbws in Fig. 1 indicating the gas stream. Pipe 12 discharges into lower channel 13 of the second catalyst bed 6.
A characteristic feature of the invention is described below: Two quench gas feed lines 14 and 15 are connected to cover 3 of pressure vessel 2. Quench gas feed line 14 discharges into ring line 16, a section of said line being shcwn in Fig. 3. Downpipes 17 communicating with said ring line 16 pass through entire tube bundles of heat exchanger 7 and end in annular space 10 as illustrated in SFig. 1. Hence, it is possible to feed auench gas via 16 and 17 to the annular space where it is mixed with the gases prior to entering the first catalyst bed.
Quench gas line 15 communicates with the head of centre discharge Quech as ine15 ommnicteswit th hed o cetredischarge pipe 12 and permits the admixture of quench gas to the gases enter- I ing through upper collecting openings 11ii. This configuration is suitable for controlling the gas stream to the second catalyst bed 6.
An optimum interchangeability is obtained by mounting concentric tubular heat exchanger 7 onto lower collar 18/18a of the first catalyst bed 5, see Fig. 4 and 5. The embodiment as per Fig. 4 shows collar 18 which is slightly inclined towards the centre, thus form- R 0, 1D40188 ing the bearing surface for lower tubesheet 19 of heat exchanger 7.
As shown in Fi'g.-4, the contact surface has a labyrinth gasket According to a further embodiment shown in Fig. 5, collar 18a is almost horizontal and standard gasket 20a is used for tubesheet 19a fixed by means of spacer bolts 21, the spacer tube being marked 22.
Combinations of labyrinth gaskets and spacer bolting are also feasible.
As shown in Fig. 2 and 3, the upper bolting is arranged betw:een stationary discharge pipe 12 and a separate sleeve pipe 23 which Sare connected by means of flexible joint 24. The upper quench gas pipe 15 is also fixed to heat exchanger 7 by means of bolts screwed from above. A similar connection is used between ring line 16/downpipe 17 and heat exchanger 7. In this case, a flexible sealing element 25 has also been installed. The flexible sealing element 25 and/or 24 may consist of an expansion joint or a stuffing box but the invention provides also for other suitable types.
1 It must be noted that sleeve pipe 26 is not used for gas so that it has an insulating effect which is desirable.
It is of course possible to modify and/or re-design the embodiments described above without departing from the basic concept of the invention. Thus, the invention is by no means limited to the bearing I and sealing devices shown in the Figures.
RVPP07001D40188 -6- .I -I

Claims (12)

1. Device for the catalytic treatment of nitrogen and hydrogen, using at least one concentric heat exchanger mounted axially in a pressure vessel and surrounded by a catalyst bed, said device being equipped with a centre inlet dome for feeding gas to the tube bundle of said heat exchanger and with a deflector arranged such that the gas leaving the heat exchanger tubes flows radially through the first catalyst bed from the external to the internal side, characterized in that a discharge pipe is mounted in the centre of heat exchanger for discharging the gas originating from the first catalyst bed which has ascended along the heat exchanger tubes, said centre discharge pipe having upper collecting openings for said gas.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the centre discharge pipe has a special line for feeding quench gas to the head of said discharge pipe.
3. Device according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one quench gas feed line is routed through the tube bundle of said heat exchanger to the outlet section of said tube bundle.
4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that a plurality of quench gas feed lines is routed through the tube bundles and are connected to common ring line.
Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchanger has a lower tubesheet removable from the upper side and supported by collar which is 4' 7 C co S rv' h provided at the lower end of catalyst bed.
6. Device according to claim characterized in that a gasket is inserted between lower tubesheet of heat exchanger and collar of catalyst bed.
7. Device according to claim 6, wherein the gasket is a labyrinth gasket.
8. Device according to claim any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that lower tubesheet is fixed to the lower 1 collar of the catalyst bed by means of spacer bolts.
9. Device according to claim characterized in that the ring line is attached to the flanges of the sleeve pipes in the heat exchanger and that it can be removed from the upper side.
Device particularly according to claim 3, characterized in that the quench gas tube for downstream catalyst bed can be removed upwards with the aid of an assembly plate fitted to the head of stationary centre discharge pipe.
11. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the centre discharge pipe head provided with inlet opening is attached to srid pipe by means of a flexible connector removable from above.
12. Device for the catalytic treatment of nitrogen and hydrogen substantially as herein described with reference to any one of the drawings. DATED this 28th day of March, 1990. UHDE GmbH By Its Patent Attorneys ARTHUR S. CAVE CO. 8 i. _I i_ Abstract Device for the catalytic treatment of nitrogen and hydrogen The invention relates to a device for the catalytic treatment of nitrogen and hydrogen treatment, using at least one concentric heat exchanger mounted axially in a pressure vessel and surrounded by a catalyst bed, said device being equipped with a centre inlet dome for feeding gas to the tube bundle of the heat exchanger and with a deflector conceived such that the gas leaving the heat exchanger tubes flows radially through the first catalyst bed from the ex- ternal to the internal side. This configuration particularly facil- itates the control of the temperatures and the gas streams prior to their entry into the catalyst beds and it permits an optimization of the erection and maintenance. The aim of the invention is achieved by discharge pipe (12) mounted in the centre of the first tubular heat exchanger and used for the gases originating from the first catalyst bed and ascending along the heat exchanger tubes, said pipe having upper collecting openings for this gas. (r RVPPO7001D40188 -I
AU13003/88A 1987-03-26 1988-03-09 Device for nitrogen and hydrogen treatment with the aid of a catalyst Ceased AU598111B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19873710004 DE3710004A1 (en) 1987-03-26 1987-03-26 DEVICE FOR THE CATALYTIC TREATMENT OF NITROGEN AND HYDROGEN
DE3710004 1987-03-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU1300388A AU1300388A (en) 1988-09-29
AU598111B2 true AU598111B2 (en) 1990-06-14

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ID=6324059

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU13003/88A Ceased AU598111B2 (en) 1987-03-26 1988-03-09 Device for nitrogen and hydrogen treatment with the aid of a catalyst

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0285757B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0672014B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1013574B (en)
AT (1) ATE67100T1 (en)
AU (1) AU598111B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1303824C (en)
DE (2) DE3710004A1 (en)
DK (1) DK166436B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2024559B3 (en)
FI (1) FI881443A (en)
NO (1) NO880787L (en)
ZA (1) ZA88986B (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0332757A3 (en) * 1987-12-24 1990-03-07 Ammonia Casale S.A. Converters for heterogeneous catalytic synthesis, particularly for ammonia and methanol, under pressure
CN1045100C (en) * 1996-12-26 1999-09-15 南京兴达石油化工科技工贸公司 Method for producing special kerosene type solvent naphtha
US6132687A (en) * 1998-05-21 2000-10-17 Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc. Horizontal ammonia converter adapted for high activity catalyst
EP2610001A1 (en) * 2011-12-27 2013-07-03 Ammonia Casale S.A. Adiabatic multi-bed catalytic converter with inter-bed cooling and a related process
CN105080434B (en) * 2014-04-18 2018-02-27 新特能源股份有限公司 A kind of catalytic reactor, system, the method for silicon tetrachloride catalytic hydrogenation
DE102016114710A1 (en) * 2016-08-09 2018-02-15 Thyssenkrupp Ag Plate heat exchanger, synthesizer and method of making a product
EP4025333A1 (en) 2019-09-03 2022-07-13 Haldor Topsøe A/S Reformer furnace with supported reformer tubes
CN115417428A (en) * 2022-06-29 2022-12-02 夏允涛 Ammonia converter

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3146778A (en) * 1962-04-26 1964-09-01 Henry A Krawiec Catheter supports
AU8289987A (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-06-23 Uhde Gmbh Device for the control of an ammonia converter etc.
US4769220A (en) * 1985-09-13 1988-09-06 Ammonia Casale S.A. Converter for heterogeneous synthesis more particularly for ammonia, methanol and higher alcohols

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1041778B (en) * 1975-07-15 1980-01-10 Snam Progetti RADIAL FLOW REACTOR FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS WITH HIGH THERMAL LEVEL STEAM PRODUCTION
GB1574723A (en) * 1976-03-10 1980-09-10 Haldor Topsoe As Apparatus for the synthesis of ammonia
US4346060A (en) * 1978-07-17 1982-08-24 Pullman Incorporated Radial ammonia converters
US4341737A (en) * 1979-05-22 1982-07-27 The Lummus Company Apparatus for carrying out catalytic exothermic and endothermic high-pressure gas reactions
US4372920A (en) * 1979-07-13 1983-02-08 Ammonia Casale S.A. Axial-radial reactor for heterogeneous synthesis
IT1141102B (en) * 1980-11-28 1986-10-01 Ammonia Casale Sa AXIAL-RADIAL REACTOR FOR HETEROGENEOUS SYNTHESIS
DE3343114C2 (en) * 1983-11-29 1985-11-07 Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund Device for carrying out exothermic, catalytic gas reactions for ammonia or methanol synthesis
IN165082B (en) * 1985-05-15 1989-08-12 Ammonia Casale Sa

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3146778A (en) * 1962-04-26 1964-09-01 Henry A Krawiec Catheter supports
US4769220A (en) * 1985-09-13 1988-09-06 Ammonia Casale S.A. Converter for heterogeneous synthesis more particularly for ammonia, methanol and higher alcohols
AU8289987A (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-06-23 Uhde Gmbh Device for the control of an ammonia converter etc.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK74788A (en) 1988-09-27
FI881443A (en) 1988-09-27
DE3710004A1 (en) 1988-10-06
DE3864716D1 (en) 1991-10-17
CN1013574B (en) 1991-08-21
JPS63274612A (en) 1988-11-11
CN88101254A (en) 1988-10-19
ES2024559B3 (en) 1992-03-01
ZA88986B (en) 1988-08-11
CA1303824C (en) 1992-06-23
EP0285757A1 (en) 1988-10-12
NO880787L (en) 1988-09-27
EP0285757B1 (en) 1991-09-11
FI881443A0 (en) 1988-03-25
ATE67100T1 (en) 1991-09-15
AU1300388A (en) 1988-09-29
DK166436B1 (en) 1993-05-24
JPH0672014B2 (en) 1994-09-14
DK74788D0 (en) 1988-02-12
NO880787D0 (en) 1988-02-23

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